Jūnshān yín zhēn

Jūnshān yín zhēn (君山银针, Jūnshān yín zhēn) — «Amasoji Esiliva avela eNtabeni Yesikhulu» — yitiye elidansayo. Lingenile ohlwini lwamatiye amakhulu ayishumi ase China, liyingqayizivele futhi lingummeleli ophambili womkhakha wetiye eliphuzi, linemklomelo wobuningi «isipho sikahulumeni» (国礼茶) futhi lifakwe ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba angaphatheki we-UNESCO (2022). Kodwa konke lokhu kucisha ngaphambi kombukiso ovela engilazini: lapho ligxishwa, amabhamuza e-Jūnshān yín zhēn akhuphuka futhi ehle kathathu (三起三落, sān qǐ sān luò), ema mpo njengezithombo zikahlaka eziphuma emhlabathini, njengezikhali emhlanganweni, njengezinaliti zesiliva ezihlome kusilika osagolide. U-Mao Zedong walibiza ngokuthi «itiye elidansayo» (会跳舞的茶). Leli tiye livela esiqhingini esincane esimaphakathi nechibi lesibili ngobukhulu elinamanzi ahlanzekile e-China — i-Dongting Hu, lapho indawo yamasimu katiye ingamamuyi ayi-307 kuphela (~20 ha), futhi umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wezinaliti zesiliva ungamakhilogremu angaba ngu-400. Ubuchwepheshe balo — okuwukuphela kwawo ematiyeni aphuzi — buhlanganisa «ukubiliswa okuphindwe kabili» (双闷黄, shuāng mēnhuáng): imijikelezo emibili elandelanayo ye-mēnhuáng enesikhathi esiphelele esifinyelela emahoreni angama-68, okwenza umbala ogqamile osagolide-owolintshi nokuthungwa okunamafutha, okuyizimpawu ezenza itiye libizwe ngegama elithi «jīnxiāngyù» (金镶玉, «igolide elifakwe ku-jade»).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá), elibizwe kancane (15–25%). Lingaphansi kohlobo oluncane oluthi «itiye eliphuzi elivela emabhamuzeni» (黄芽茶, huáng yá chá) — olusezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lezinto zokusetshenziswa.
• Umkhakha: Lingenye yamatiye amakhulu ayishumi ase China (中国十大名茶, 1959). Lingenye yamatiye amane amakhulu aphuzi endabuko. «Umqhele wetiye eliphuzi» (黄茶之冠). Itiye lasenkantolo yombuso (贡茶) kusukela enkathini ye-Qing. Ubuchwepheshe bufakwe kurejista yamagugu angaphatheki esifundazweni sase-Hunan (2009) naseRiphabhulikhi yase China (2021). Ngo-2022 — kufakwa ohlwini olumele amagugu omhlaba angaphatheki e-UNESCO (njengengxenye yefayela elithi «Amasu endabuko okucubungula itiye nemikhuba ehambisana nawo e China»). Ngo-2006 — isimo «sesipho sikahulumeni» (国礼), esiqinisekiswe nguMnyango Wezohwebo kanye noMnyango Wezangaphandle we-PRC.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), umasipala wedolobha i-Yueyang (岳阳, Yuèyáng), ichibi i-Dongting Hu (洞庭湖, Dòngtíng Hú), isiqhingi i-Junshan (君山岛, Jūnshān Dǎo). I-Junshan siyiqhingi esincane (esinendawo engaphansi kwe-1 km²) esimaphakathi ne-Dongting Hu, okuyichibi lesibili ngobukhulu elinamanzi ahlanzekile e-China (indawo engaba ngu-2625 km²). Lesi siqhingi siphinde sibizwe nge-Dongting Shan (洞庭山).
• Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: Cishe u-29°24’ enyakatho, u-113°00’ empumalanga.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka ngokwesiko:

• Umlando:

  • I-Tang (唐, 618–907 C.E.) — ukuzalwa kanye nokuchuma kokuqala: Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye e-Junshan kwabhalwa phansi kakade ngenkathi ye-Tang. U-Lu Yu (陆羽) encwadini yakhe ethi «I-Cha Jing» (《茶经》) uyasho: «EBaling e-Junshan kukhiqizwa itiye». Itiye lalibizwa ngegama elithi «huáng língmáo» (黄翎毛, «izimpaphe eziphuzi») — ngenxa yombala walo osagolide kanye nokukhanya okufana nezimpaphe zenyoni. Ngokwesiko, inkosazana u-Wencheng (文成公主), ngesikhathi esiya e-Tibet ngo-641 ukuyoshada nenkosi yase Tibet u-Songtsen Gampo, wakhetha itiye lase Junshan kulolu hambo. Ngesikhathi se-Song, itiye lalibuye libizwe ngegama elithi «Báihè Chá» (白鹤茶, «Itiye likaHulumende Omhlophe») — ngokusekelwe enganekwaneni yomfundisi we Dao oyi-hulumende, owaletha imbewu yetiye esiqhingini.
  • I-Qing (清, 1644–1911 C.E.) — isimo sasenkantolo yombuso: U-Emperor Qianlong (乾隆), ngesikhathi evakashele i-Dongting Hu ohambweni lwakhe lwaseningizimu, wanambitha itiye lase Junshan futhi wahlabeka umxhwele kangangokuba walufaka kuhlu lweminikelo yasenkantolo. «Umlando Wesifunda Sase Baling» (《巴陵县志》) ubhale: isabelo saminyaka yonke — sasingama-catty ayi-18 kuphela (~9 kg). Ngesikhathi se-Qing, itiye lalihlukaniswa libe yi-«jiānchá» (尖茶, «itiye elihlabayo», elibuye libizwe nge-«gòngjiān» 贡尖) kanye ne-«róngchá» (茸茶, «itiye elinoboya»). Yiyona-«jiānchá» — amabhamuza anoboya obumhlophe asesimweni sezinkemba — eyaba yisibonelo sezinaliti zesiliva zanamuhla.
  • 1952 — ukuvuselelwa: Ukusungulwa kwe-Junshan Tea Farm (君山茶场). Iqembu labasebenzi labuyisela ubuchwepheshe bendabuko, ikakhulukazi — «ukubilisa okuphindwe kabili» (双闷黄).
  • 1956 — indondo yegolide yase Leipzig: I-Junshan Yinzhen yazuza indondo yegolide embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe e-Leipzig (eJalimane) — ukuqashelwa kokuqala emhlabeni jikelele. Isiqubulo: «itiye elimboza udumo lwase China» (茶盖中华).
  • 1957 — igama elisemthethweni: Itiye lathola igama lalo lesimanje — «Jūnshān yín zhēn» (君山银针).
  • 1959 — amatiye amakhulu ayishumi: Lifakwe ohlwini olungcwele lwamatiye amakhulu ayishumi ase China — okuwukuphela kwetiye eliphuzi kuleli qoqo.
  • 1972 — itiye le-UN: I-Junshan Yinzhen yalethwa yithimba likahulumeni wase China ekomkhulu le-UN eNew York ukuphuzisa izinhloko zamazwe kanye namanxusa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uRichard Nixon wathola i-Junshan Yinzhen njengesipho ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakhe okungokomlando e China.
  • 2006 — isipho sikahulumeni: UMnyango Wezohwebo noMnyango Wezangaphandle we-PRC bamisa ngokusemthethweni i-Junshan Yinzhen njenge-«sipho sikahulumeni» (国礼). Itiye lanikezwa uMongameli wase Russia u-V.V. Putin.
  • 2022 — i-UNESCO: Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bufakwe ohlwini olumele amagugu omhlaba angaphatheki e-UNESCO.

• Igama:

  • «Jūnshān» (君山) — «Intaba Yesikhulu». Ngokwesiko, u-Emperor Shun (舜帝), omunye wababusi abahlanu basenganekwaneni, washona ngesikhathi sohambo lwaseningizimu. Amakhosikazi akhe — u-Ehuang (娥皇) no-Nuying (女英), amadodakazi ka-Emperor Yao — bamlandela futhi baminza e-Dongting Hu, bengafinyelelanga esiqhingini. Izinyembezi zabo, ezawela oqweni, zashiya amabala anganakuphela — kwavela kanjalo i-«xiāngfēi zhú» (湘妃竹, «uqweni lwezinyembezi zababhemi base Xiang»). Kanti izinyembezi eziwele emhlabathini zanikeza ukuphila ezihlahleni zetiye. «Intaba Yesikhulu» iyintaba u-Emperor Shun ayeyilangazelela.
  • «Yín Zhēn» (银针) — «Izinaliti Ezesiliva» — ngenxa yokuma kwamabhamuza: aqondile, aminene, ambozwe uboya besiliva, afane nezinaliti.
  • «Jīnxiāngyù» (金镶玉, «Igolide elifakwe ku-Jade») — igama lobunkondlo ngenxa yesakhiwo esinemibala emibili: ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwebhamuza — orenji-osagolide, olwangaphandle — umhlophe ngenxa yoboya.

• Ukubaluleka ngokwesiko: I-Junshan Yinzhen ibambe indawo ehlukile esikweni laseShayina, edlula kude ukufunda ngetiye nje. Isiqhingi i-Junshan singenye yezindawo ezinengqikimba yamasiko ethe xaxa e China: lapha kukhona ithuna lamakhosikazi amabili ka-Shun, itshe lika-Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇封山印), umthombo «Ka-Liu Yi» (柳毅井) — indawo yenganekwane yothando edumile ngesithunywa sombuso ongaphansi kwamanzi, lapha futhi kudlule u-Li Bai, u-Du Fu, u-Bai Juyi, no-Fan Zhongyan. U-Fan Zhongyan wabhala lapha «Inothi nge-Yueyang Tower» (《岳阳楼记》) — omunye wemibhalo engcwele ye-prose yase China, enomugqa odumile: «Ukukhathazeka kuqala ngezinsizi zoMhlaba wonke, ukujabula ekugcineni ngenjabulo yoMhlaba wonke» (先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐). Itiye elivela kulesi siqhingi liyisiphuzo esifakwe ezendlalweni zomlando wezinkulungwane zeminyaka.

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo: I-Junshan qúntǐ zhǒng (君山群体种) — inhlanganisela yasendaweni, uhlobo lwesihlahla (灌木型), enamaqabunga aphakathi (中叶类). Itshengwa kuphela esiqhingini i-Junshan. Izimpawu: amabhamuza amahle, asindayo (百芽重, isisindo samabhamuza ayikhulu — ~45 g), umbala — uluhlaza okhanyayo onomsila onsomi (淡绿带紫晕), uboya obuningi. Ama-polyphenols etiye — 25–30%, ama-amino acid — ≥4,3%. Ayakwazi ukumelana nomswakama kanye namakhaza.
• Ukuqoqa: Ezinsukwini ezi-3–4 ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (清明, ~5 April), phakathi nezinsuku ezi-7–10. Kuphela ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo kokuqala (春茶首轮). Kusetshenziswa amabhamuza awodwa kuphela (单芽, dān yá). Ubude bebhamuza — 25–30 mm, ububanzi — 3–4 mm, ubude benkomba esele — ~2 mm.
• Indinganiso yokuqoqa — «Izithiyo Eziyisishiyagalolunye» (九不采, jiǔ bù cǎi):
  1. Akumayiqoqwa uma kunemvula (雨天不采).
  2. Akumayiqoqwa uma kunesithwathwa (风霜不采).
  3. Amabhamuza avulekile akumawaqoqwa (开口不采).
  4. Amabhamuza ansomi akumawaqoqwa (发紫不采).
  5. Amabhamuza aze akumawaqoqwa (空心不采).
  6. Amabhamuza agobile akumawaqoqwa (弯曲不采).
  7. Amabhamuza alinyazwe yizinambuzane akumawaqoqwa (虫伤不采).
  8. Amabhamuza amancane, abuthakathaka akumawaqoqwa (细瘦不采).
  9. Amabhamuza angahambisani nosayizi akumawaqoqwa (不合尺寸不采).
• Umkhiqizo: Ezigidini ezingama-500 (1 catty) zetiye elomisiwe kudingeka amabhamuza amasha angaba ngu-40 000. Leli ngelinye lamatiye «asebenza kakhulu» emhlabeni uma kuqhathaniswa isilinganiso sezinto zokusetshenziswa nomkhiqizo oqediwe.

4. Indawo Yezolimo kanye Nezimpawu Zokutshala:

• Isiqhingi i-Junshan: Isiqhingi esincane (esingaphansi kwe-1 km²) esimaphakathi ne-Dongting Hu. Izinhlangothi ezine zizungezwe ngamanzi — ukuhlukaniswa okuyisiqhingi okuphelele. Umhlabathi — inhlabathi ebomvu enesihlangu esimuncu (砂质酸性红壤), evulekile, evundile, ecebile ngamaminerali. Ukwemboza kwehlathi — ngaphezu kuka-90%.
• Isimo Sezulu: Esifudumele esinomswakama osemazingeni aphakathi naphansi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile — 16–17°C. Imvula yonyaka — ~1340 mm. Umswakama ohlobene — ≥80% kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba. Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi echibi entwasahlobo nasehlobo kudala ukuguqubala nokufiphala okuhlala njalo. Ukukhanya okusabalele (漫射光) — kuyindlela yokukhanya evelele. Umehluko wokushisa: emhlabathini — mkhulu, emoyeni — unciphile ngenxa yesiphepho sokushisa echibini.
• Indawo yamasimu katiye: Ngama-mu angu-307 kuphela (~20,5 ha). Lokhu kwenza i-Junshan ibe ngenye yezindawo ezincane kakhulu zetiye emhlabeni. Umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke we-«Jūnshān yín zhēn» — ungaba ngu-400 kg, we-«Jūnshān Máo Jiān» — ungaba ngu-2000 kg. Isidingo semakethe — singaphezu kwama-80 000 kg ngonyaka, okusho ukuthi: ngaphezu kwama-99% wetiye elithengiswa njenge-«Jūnshān yín zhēn» — aliveli esiqhingini. (Ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kuhlelwa ama-mu angaphezulu angu-4600 emaqumeni aseduze: Yunwushan 2000, Zhumushan 1500, Tianjingshan 1100.)
• Izinto ezikhethekile: Isiqhingi i-Junshan yindawo engagunyaziwe. Imigomo eqinile yemvelo. Akukho zingcolisi zezimboni. Isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele — «umphumela wesiqhingi»: amanzi echibi anciphisa ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa, ahlinzeka ngomswakama oqhubekayo nokukhanya okusabalele — izimo ezifanele zokukhula kancane kwamabhamuza kanye nokuqoqeka okuphezulu kwama-amino acid.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Jūnshān yín zhēn bungenye obunzima kakhulu futhi obuthatha isikhathi eside ematiyeni aphuzi: imisebenzi eyi-10, amahora angama-72, umsebenzi wezandla wonke. Okuhlukile okuyinhloko — «ukubiliswa okuphindwe kabili» (双闷黄, shuāng mēnhuáng): imijikelezo emibili elandelanayo ye-mēnhuáng, eqinisekisa izinga lokuvutshelwa elingu-15–25%.

• Ukuhlukanisa / Tānqīng (摊青 — tān qīng): Amabhamuza amasha ahlukaniswa ngomucu omncane kuhlelo loqweni lwe-bamboo ukuze ashiswe kancane. Ihora elilodwa ukuya kwamabili.
• «Ukubulawa kokuluhlaza» / Shāqīng (杀青 — shā qīng): Izinga lokushisa ~80–100°C. Ukugazingwa okufushane, okumnene. Amabhamuza amnene futhi anzima — kudingeka ukunaka okukhethekile ukuze ungalimazi isakhiwo futhi ungaphazamisi ikhono lokwenza «ukukhuphuka kathathu nokwehla kathathu».
• Ukuhlukaniselwa ukupholisa / Tānliáng (摊凉 — tān liáng): Ukupholiswa kuze kufike ekushiseni kwegumbi.
• Ukumiswa kokuqala / Chūhōng (初烘 — chū hōng): Ukumiswa okulula. Ngokwendabuko — kuhlelo lwe-bamboo phezu kwamalahle kwezinkuni ze-Sophora (槐炭, huái tàn) — kukholakala ukuthi amalahle e-Sophora anikeza ukushisa okuhlanzekile kakhulu futhi agxilisa iphunga.
• Ukubiliswa kokuqala / Chūbāo (初包 — chū bāo, «ukusongwa kokuqala»): Amabhamuza asongwa ephepheni elikhethekile le-kraft (牛皮纸, niúpí zhǐ) ngezilinganiso ezingu ~500 g bese efakwa emabhokisini okhuni. Izinga lokushisa — lokwegumbi noma liphakanyiswe kancane. Isikhathi — amahora angama-40–48. Lona ungumjikelezo wokuqala we-mēnhuáng — ukubiliswa okuhamba kancane, okulawulwayo. Kukhona uku-oxidisha okungekhona kwe-enzyme kwama-polyphenols, ukucekelwa phansi kwe-chlorophyll, ukwakheka kwemibala ephuzi, ukunciphisa ukubaba.
• Ukumiswa okuphindwayo / Fùhōng (复烘 — fù hōng): Ukumiswa ukuze kumiswe ukubiliswa futhi kususwe umswakama othile.
• Ukubiliswa kwesibili / Fùbāo (复包 — fù bāo, «ukusongwa kwesibili»): Umjikelezo wesibili we-mēnhuáng — ~amahora angama-20. Ukujula koguquko: imibala e-orenji iyaqina, kwakheka ukuthamba kanye «nokushelela» kokunambitheka okuyisici. Isikhathi esiphelele sokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili — sifinyelela emahoreni angama-68. Kungukubiliswa okuphindwe kabili okuveza lowo ungqimba lwangaphakathi webhamuza osagolide-owolintshi, okunikeze itiye igama elithi «igolide elifakwe ku-jade».
• Ukumiswa kokugcina / Zúhuǒ (足火 — zú huǒ): Ukuqedela ukumiswa okuphelele. Ngokwendabuko — kuhlelo lwe-bamboo phezu kwamalahle e-Sophora (槐炭烘笼定香). Izinga lokushisa — liyehla kancane kancane.
• Ukukhetha / Jīngxuǎn (精选 — jīng xuǎn): Ukuhlunga okunakekisiwe ngezandla. Amabhamuza wonke angahlangabezani nezindinganiso ayalahlwa: agobile, aphukile, angenaboya obanele, amancane kakhulu noma amakhulu.

6. Izimpawu Zezitho Zomzimba:

• Isimo sangaphandle seqabunga elomile: Amabhamuza aqondile, ami kakhulu, anamandla, amise okwamapeni (针芽状). Ambozwe uboya obuminyene besiliva (满披银毫). Umbala — uphuzi osagolide ocwebezelayo wesiliva (金黄光亮). Ungqimba lwangaphakathi — orenji-osagolide, olwangaphandle — umhlophe ngenxa yoboya: «jīnxiāngyù» (金镶玉, «igolide elifakwe ku-jade»). Ayingxenye efanayo ngosayizi (长短大小均匀).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng), eli-«máo xiāng» (毫香, iphunga loboya) — elifana nokumbila ophekiwe. Elimtoti, elinemisindo ye-petshisi evuthiwe kanye namakhasi e-mandarin orange (熟桃/蜜桔).
• Iphunga lokugxishwa: «Qīngchún» (清纯) — elihlanzekile, elimsulwa. Amaphuphu ezimbali, uju, umsindo omncane wezithelo. Akunamfucumfucu, akunantuthu. Iphunga alinamandla kakhulu ematiyeni amakhulu aphuzi: akusilo lelo le-chestnut (njenge-Huoshan), akusilo lelo lomumbu (njenge-Pingyang), kodwa lelo le-«jade» — elihlanzekile futhi elipholile.
• Ukunambitheka: «Gānchún tiánshuǎng» (甘醇甜爽) — okumnandi, okuthambile, okuqabulayo, okunokuthungwa okunamafutha kanye «nokunama» (粘稠感, «umzimba» wesiphuzo). Ukubaba kanye nokuhlaba akukho nhlobo. I-aftertaste — inde, imnandi, ehlanganisayo. Ukunambitheka — kungokwesilika kakhulu ematiyeni aphuzi, ngenxa yokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili. «Ubusha obuthathu» be-Huoshan lapha buguqulelwa «ebuntanteni obuthathu» (三嫩): ubuntanta bephunga, ukunambitheka, kanye nokuthungwa.
• Umbala wokugxishwa: «Xìnghuáng míngjìng» (杏黄明净) — ophuzi we-apricot, ohlanzekile, osobala, ocwebezelayo osagolide. Ufiphala ngokubonakalayo futhi «ufudumele» kakhulu kunalowo we-Huoshan Huang Ya noma i-Mengding Huang Ya — umphumela wokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili okujulile.
• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga eligxishiwe): «Féihòu yún liàng» (肥厚匀亮) — amabhamuza acebile, afanayo, acwebezelayo ombala ophuzi osagolide. Athambile, agcwele, anwebekayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenols: 25–30%. Ukubiliswa okuphindwe kabili (amahora angama-68) kuguqula ngokujulile ama-catechin esterified — ukubaba kwehla kakhulu kunokubiliswa okukodwa kwamanye amatiye aphuzi.
• Ama-Amino acid: ≥4,3%. I-L-theanine — yi-component evelele. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-polyphenols e-Jūnshān yín zhēn ulinganiselwa ukuthi uphakeme ngokuphindwe ka-18 kunalowo we-Vitamin E.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine + i-theanine — i-«soft stimulant» yasendulo enomphumela we-synergistic.
• Amavithamini: C, weqembu B.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-fluoride (抑制龋菌, ukucindezelwa kwamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo), i-zinc, i-selenium.
• Ama-Polysaccharide kanye nama-Flavonoids etiye: Izilinganiso ezibonakalayo, ezihlinzeka ngomsebenzi we-antioxidant, we-hypolipidemic, kanye ne-immunomodulatory.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-Polyphenols (25–30%) + ama-flavonoids. Umsebenzi ophezulu wokungathathi hlangothi kwama-radicals akhululekile.
• Ukusekelwa kwemetabolism: I-Caffeine ne-L-theanine zihlanganyela ukukhuthaza umetabolism, zinikeze ukuvuselela okuthambile nokuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuthuthumela.
• Impilo yohlelo lokugaya ukudla: Ama-Catechin akhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha. Ukubiliswa okuphindwe kabili kwenza itiye lithambe ikakhulukazi esiswini — lithambe kakhulu kunetiye eliluhlaza.
• Impilo yamazinyo: I-fluoride icindezela umsebenzi wamagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Isenzo se-hypolipidemic: Ama-Polysaccharide etiye nama-flavonoids asiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-lipids egazini.
• Ukuthamba kwesisu esibuthakathaka: Ngenxa yoguquko olujulile ngesikhathi sokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili, i-Jūnshān yín zhēn inconywa ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesisu esibuthakathaka.

9. Ukugxisha:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90°C. Neze ungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo — ngenye indlela amabhamuza «ashiswa», aphulukana nekhono lokwenza «ukukhuphuka kathathu» futhi anikeza ukubaba.
• Inani letiye: 3 g emanzini angu-150–200 ml.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi esobala — kuyimpoqo. Kuyingilazi lapho kuvela khona «umdanso wezinaliti zesiliva». Okunye — i-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain ukuze kuzwakale iphunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo, uwachithe.
  2. Faka u-3 g wetiye.
  3. Thela kancane amanzi anezinga lokushisa elingu-80–90°C. Ungawuchithi umgxisho wokuqala — uqukethe ubuningi be-«máo xiāng» (毫香) kanye nemisindo yezithelo.
  4. Bukela «ukukhuphuka kathathu nokwehla kathathu» (三起三落): amabhamuza aqala entanta phezulu, bese ehla kancane aye phansi, aphinde akhuphuke futhi aphinde ehle — kuze kube kathathu. Isayensi yalesi senzo: ungqimba lwangaphandle lwebhamuza lumunca amanzi futhi luba nesindo (ibhamuza liyacwila), bese umzimba webhamuza uyakhukhumala, ubuncane buyehla (ibhamuza liyantanta), umuncu uyaqhubeka — bese umjikelezo uphindeka. «Ukukhuphuka kathathu nokwehla kathathu» — akuyona inganekwane, kodwa iqiniso lesayensi, elibangelwa ukushuba nokuminyana okuyingqayizivele kwamabhamuza e-Junshan.
  5. Yiyeke imizuzu emi-2–3. Amabhamuza ema mpo phansi — «izithombo zikahlaka ziphuma emhlabathini» (群笋出土), «izikhali emhlanganweni» (刀枪林立).
  6. Ukuphinda ukugxisha: kuze kube ngu-3–4 wokuthelwa, ukwandisa isikhathi.
• Isexwayiso: Ungasebenzisi i-thermos enamanzi abilayo — amabhamuza «ayapheka», aphulukana nokuma, iphunga, kanye nekhono «lokudansa».

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Jūnshān yín zhēn idinga ukugcinwa ngokunakekela okukhethekile. Indlela yendabuko — «shíhuī tán mì fēng» (石灰坛密封): isitsha esivalekileyo se-ceramic esinesikhwama se-lime engacishiwe (esimunca umswakama), esivalwe nge-wax. Indlela yesimanje — ukupakishwa okuvalekile esikhwameni se-foil, efrijini (0…+5°C) ukuvimbela ukuxhuma. Kubalulekile: itiye elisha linomphumela we-«fire energy» (火气) osele kusuka ekumisweni — kunconywa ukuthi lilindwe amasonto ama-2 ngaphambi kokulisetshenziswa. Abanye abathandi baye benza ukuguga isikhathi eside (陈化) — ngokuhamba kweminyaka ukunambitheka kuba yindilinga futhi kube noju. Izitha zetiye: ukukhanya, ukushisa, umswakama, amaphunga angaphandle, umoya-mpilo.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi:

I-Jūnshān yín zhēn ingenye yamatiye abiza kakhulu futhi akhohlisa kakhulu emhlabeni. Umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wezinaliti zesiliva zangempela ezivela esiqhingini — ungangaba ngu-400 kg. Isidingo semakethe — singaphezu kwama-80 000 kg. Lokhu kusho: kwigremu ngayinye yangempela kukhona amagremu angaba ngu-200 omkhohlisi.

• Izinkomba zentengo: Ihlobo elikhethekile (特号/特级) — kusuka ku-2000 yuan nge-catty (500 g) nangaphezulu kakhulu, emaphaketheni ezipho — kuze kufike ku-5000–10 000 yuan. Ihlobo lokuqala (一号) — 1000–2000 yuan. Ihlobo lesibili (二号) — 500–1000 yuan.
• Ungagwema kanjani imikhohlisi:
  • Ingozi eyinhloko: ukuthengisa itiye eliluhlaza elivela kwezinye izifunda ngegama elithi «Jūnshān yín zhēn». Kwesinye isikhathi — ukuthengisa itiye elimhlophe i-Báiháo Yínzhēn (白毫银针) lase Fujian njenge-«zinaliti zesiliva ezivela e-Junshan» — ukufana kwegama elithi «yín zhēn» egameni.
  • I-Jūnshān yín zhēn yangempela: ungqimba lwangaphakathi — orenji-osagolide (hhayi oluhlaza.), olwangaphandle — umhlophe wesiliva. «Igolide elifakwe ku-jade». Ingaphakathi eliluhlaza — wuphawu lwetiye eliluhlaza ngaphandle kwe-mēnhuáng.
  • Umgxisho — uphuzi we-apricot (杏黄), hhayi oluhlaza okhanyayo.
  • «Ukukhuphuka kathathu nokwehla kathathu» — nakuba kungaqinisekisi ubuqiniso, kodwa ukungabikho kwalesi senzo ngenkathi kugxishwa ngendlela efanele kuyisignali esabekayo (amabhamuza avela kwezinye izifunda ngokuvamile awaminyene kangako).
  • Thenga kubasabalalisi abasemthethweni bomkhiqizo we-«Jūnshān» (君山牌) — i-Hunan Junshan Yinzhen Tea Industry Co., Ltd.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Jūnshān yín zhēn — iwukuphela kwetiye eliphuzi ohlwini olungcwele lwe-«Amatiye Amakhulu Ayishumi Ase China» (1959). Lokhu kusho ukuthi limelela umkhakha wonke — itiye eliphuzi — «kuhlu lwabaphambili» lukazwelonke.
• U-Mao Zedong walibiza ngokuthi «itiye elidansayo» (会跳舞的茶) — ngenxa yesenzakalo «sokukhuphuka kathathu nokwehla kathathu». Isayensi yalesi senzo: ukumuncwa kwamanzi ngokungahambisani ngezingqimba zangaphandle nezangaphakathi zebhamuza kudala ukuguquguquka kobuncane, okwenza ibhamuza liminye futhi lintante ngokujikelezayo.
• Ezigidini ezingama-500 zetiye kudingeka amabhamuza angaba ngu-40 000. Ibhamuza ngalinye liqoqwa ngesandla, likhethwa ngezindlela eziyisi-9 — futhi konke lokhu esiqhingini esinendawo engaphansi kwe-1 km². Isizini yokuqoqa — yizinsuku eziyi-7–10. Leli ngelinye lamatiye «asebenza kakhulu» emhlabeni.
• Inganekwane ka-Ehuang no-Nuying: amakhosikazi amabili ka-Emperor Shun aminyza e-Dongting Hu esendleleni eya endaweni ayeshonela kuyo. Izinyembezi zawo oqweni zadala «uqweni lwezinyembezi» (湘妃竹) — uphawu lothando oluqinisekile. Izinyembezi zawo emhlabathini wase-Junshan zanikeza ukuphila ezihlahleni zetiye. Ngale ndlela, itiye lase-Junshan — ngokwezwi nezwi «itiye elizalwa yizinyembezi zothando».
• Ngo-2006, i-Jūnshān yín zhēn yanikezwa uMongameli wase Russia u-V.V. Putin njenge-«sipho sikahulumeni» — okungenye yezikhathi ezimbalwa lapho itiye lisebenza njengesipho se-diplomatic ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
• Esiqhingini i-Junshan, ngaphandle kwezivande zetiye, kune: ithuna lika-Ehuang no-Nuying (二妃墓), itshe lika-Qin Shi Huang (封山印), Umthombo ka-Liu Yi (柳毅井) — indawo yesenzo senye yezinganekwane zothando ezidume kakhulu e China, izinsalela zokuhlala kuka-Li Bai, u-Du Fu, u-Bai Juyi, u-Fan Zhongyan. I-Junshan — akuyona nje indawo yetiye, kodwa ingenye «yezindawo ezisemqoka» zomphakathi wase China.
• «Ukubiliswa okuphindwe kabili» (双闷黄) — ubuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele, obungatholakali kunoma yiliphi elinye itiye eliphuzi. Imijikelezo emibili ye-mēnhuáng — amahora angama-48 + 20 = 68 — ukuvutshelwa okude kakhulu ematiyeni aphuzi (ukuqhathanisa: i-Mengding Huang Ya — ~amahora angu-8, i-Huoshan Huang Ya — izinsuku ezi-1–2 zokuhlukanisa okomile).

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aphuzi:

• I-Huoshan Huang Ya (霍山黄芽): Womabili — angama-«huáng yá chá» avela emabhamuzeni, womabili — ase-«qoqweni lamane amakhulu». I-Huoshan — yasentabeni, inamaminerali, inamakhestnut, inokuhlukanisa okomile kwezinsuku ezi-1–2. I-Junshan — yasesiqhingini, inosilika, inamapricot, inokubiliswa okusongwe okuphindwe kabili kwamahora angama-68. I-Huoshan — «itiye lomqondofuzo»; i-Junshan — «itiye lomdidiyeli».
• I-Mengding Huang Ya (蒙顶黄芽): Zombili — zingamatiye asenkantolo yombuso asendulo anomlando oyizinganekwane. I-Mengding — yasentabeni (1456 m), inoju, inenkemba, «igazingwe kathathu — ibiliswe kathathu ephepheni» kumahora angu-8. I-Junshan — yasechibini (0 m), inamafutha, inenhalithi, inokubiliswa okuphindwe kabili kumahora angama-68. I-Mengding — umthandi wothando yedwa; i-Junshan — inxusa lombuso.
• I-Pingyang Huang Tang (平阳黄汤): I-Pingyang — yasolwandle, inombila, isontekile, amahora angama-72 wokumiswa okuyisishiyagalolunye nokubiliswa okuyisishiyagalolunye. I-Junshan — yasechibini, ine-petshisi, inenhalithi, amahora angama-72 wokubiliswa okusongwe okuphindwe kabili. Isikhathi esifanayo esiphelele — izindlela ezahluke ngokuphelele.
• I-Huoshan Huangdacha (霍山黄大茶): Ihluke ngokuphelele: i-Huangdacha — itiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu elingenamahloni elinephunga «lesinkwa» nokubiliswa kwenqwaba kwesonto. I-Junshan — amabhamuza athambile awodwa anokunambitheka «kwesilika» nokubiliswa okusongwe okuphindwe kabili. Isinkwa somphakathi vs. usilika lombuso — womabili angamatiye aphuzi, womabili amakhulu, womabili abalulekile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Jūnshān yín zhēn — itiye lapho kuhlangana khona konke: ubuhle, ukunambitheka, umlando, inganekwane, idiplomacy kanye nesayensi. Iwukuphela kwetiye elidansayo engilazini — hhayi ngentando yomsebenzi, kodwa ngokwemithetho ye-hydrodynamics, efakwe esakhini sebhamuza yisimo sendalo sesiqhingi. Leli tiye, elizalwa yizinyembezi zabesifazane ababili, abalilela umyeni wabo othandekayo, — futhi laba yi-«sipho sikahulumeni» kubongameli nonobhala jikelele. Leli tiye elivela esiqhingini, lapho kuhamba khona u-Li Bai no-Qin Shi Huang, lapho u-Fan Zhongyan abhala khona imigqa ngomsebenzi wokubhekana noMhlaba wonke, — futhi lapho ama-mu angu-307 wezivande zetiye ekhiqiza amakhilogremu angu-400 kuphela wezinaliti zesiliva ngonyaka. «Igolide elifakwe ku-jade» — akusikho nje umbala webhamuza. Kumayelana netiye eliqukethe isizwe sonke.