Jiǔhuá fúchá · new.thetea.app

Jiǔhuá fúchá (九华佛茶, Jiǔhuá fúchá — “itiye leBuddha laseNtabeni Yezimbali Eziyisishiyagalolunye”) yitiye eliluhlaza elinomlando ovela entabeni engcwele i-Jiǔhuáshān (九华山) — enye yezintaba ezine ezinkulu zobuBuddha eChina, ikhaya likaBodhisattva uDìzàng (地藏菩萨, Dìzàng Púsà, ngesiSanskrit: Kṣitigarbha). Itiye lilandelela umlando walo kusukela kumfundisi waseKorea u-Jīn Dìzàng (金地藏, Jīn Dìzàng) — naye ngu-Kim Kyogak (金乔觉, Jīn Qiáojué), inkosana yombuso waseSilla, — owathi ngesikhathi senkathi ye-Kāiyuán (开元, 713–741) ngeTang, weza nembewu yetiye evela eKorea wayitshala emithambekeni yaseJiǔhuáshān. Igama lokuqala laleli tiye lalingu “Jīndìchá” (金地茶, “Itiye Lomhlaba Wegolide”). Ngesikhathi seNingizimu yeSong, isazi esivelele uZhōu Bìdà (周必大, Zhōu Bìdà) encwadini yakhe ethi “Amarekhodi eNtaba Yezimbali Eziyisishiyagalolunye” (九华山录, Jiǔhuáshān Lù) wawunikeza lokhu kudla okuphezulu kwetiye: “Ngokunambitha akuyekanga ukudlana neBěiyuàn” (味敌北苑) — wawubeka ezingeni elifanayo netiye lasebukhosini lokuphana ngesikhathi seSong.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nokuvela:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (ingenafermentiwe). Likhiqizwa ngezindlela ezimbili: isicaba (扁直形, biǎnzhí xíng — “isicaba-mqotho, njengesandla sikaBuddha”) nesokushibilika (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng). Ngobuchwepheshe — obungaqhunyiswanga futhi obufuthumele.
Isigaba: Itiye elidumile elinomlando lase-Ānhuī (安徽历史名茶). Uphawu lohwebo oluqinisekisiwe (证明商标, 2003). Uhlobo lwe- “Huángshíxī Máofēng” (黄石溪毛峰) lwathola indondo yegolide eMbukisweni WasePanama-Nhlangano YePacific ngo-1915.
Umvelaphi: China, isifunda i-Ānhuī (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha i-Chízhōu (池州市, Chízhōu Shì), isifunda i-Qīngyáng (青阳县, Qīngyáng Xiàn). Indawo yokukhiqiza — intaba i-Jiǔhuáshān kanye nohla lwezintaba lwaseJiǔhuáshān lulonke, kuhlanganisa nezindawo eziyingxenye zesifunda i-Qīngyáng kanye ne-Shítái (石台县). Inhliziyo yendawo: Xiàmǐnyuán (下闵园), Dàgǔlǐng (大古岭), Huángshíxī (黄石溪) kanye ne-Miàoqián (庙前). Kugqama izikole ezimbili zokwenza: i-Huángshíxī Máofēng (黄石溪毛峰) — “uhlobo lwe-chestnut” ne-Mǐnyuán Máofēng (闵园毛峰) — “uhlobo lwe-orchid”.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 30°29′ enyakatho yelatitude, 117°48′ empumalanga ye-longitude.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukuqala kokutshala itiye eJiǔhuáshān kuhlobene nomlingiswa oyindida — u-Jīn Dìzàng (金地藏), owayeyinkosana yombuso waseSilla (新罗, manje eyi-Korea) u-Kim Kyogak (金乔觉, 696–794). Ngokwesiko, ngesikhathi senkathi ye-Kāiyuán (开元, 713–741) ngeTang, u-Kim Kyogak osemusha wafika eChina ukuzofunda ubuBuddha, wahlala eNtabeni i-Jiǔhuáshān, watshala imbewu yetiye ayephethe. Itiye, elaqanjwa ngokuthi “Jīndìchá” (金地茶, “Itiye Lomhlaba Wegolide”), laba yingxenye ebalulekile yempilo yasendlini yezindela.

NgeSong, itiye laseJiǔhuáshān lathola udumo lobuciko: isazi nombuso u-Zhōu Bìdà (周必大, 1126–1204) ku-“Amarekhodi eNtaba Yezimbali Eziyisishiyagalolunye” (九华山录) wabhala ukuthi itiye lendawo “ngokunambitha akuyekanga ukudlana neBěiyuàn” (味敌北苑, wèi dí Běiyuàn). “IBěiyuàn” (北苑) kwakuyisivande setiya sasebukhosini esidumile sangeSong e-Fújiàn, esasikhiqiza i-“gòngchá” (贡茶) enhle kakhulu yenkantolo. Lokhu kuqhathanisa — kungukuncoma okukhulu, okuchaza ukuthi itiye laseJiǔhuáshān lalingafana nelasebukhosini.

NgeMing neQing, itiye laduma ezweni lonke. Isazi esikhulu semithi u-Lǐ Shízhēn (李时珍, Lǐ Shízhēn, 1518–1593) ku-“Běncǎo gāngmù” (本草纲目, “Incwadi Ehlanganisayo Yezinto Zokwelapha”) wabhala: “I-Jiǔhuáshān yaseChízhōu iyindawo eyaziwayo yokukhiqiza itiye” (池州之九华产茶有名).

Ekhulwini lama-20: ngo-1915 uhlobo lwe-Huángshíxī Máofēng (黄石溪毛峰) lwathola indondo yegolide eMbukisweni WasePanama. Ngo-1983–1986 kwavuselelwa amagama omlando “Dōngyá Quèshé” (东崖雀舌, “Ulimi Lwandlebe Lwasempumalanga”) kanye ne-“Jīndìchá” (金地茶). Ngo-2003 kwabhaliswa uphawu lohwebo oluqinisekisiwe “九华佛茶”, olwahlanganisa wonke amatiye entaba ngaphansi kophawu olulodwa.
Igama:
- “Jiǔhuá” (九华) — “Izimbali Eziyisishiyagalolunye” (noma “Ubukhazikhazi Obuyisishiyagalolunye”): igama lobunkondlo lentaba, elanikezwa imbongi enkulu yaseTang u-Lǐ Bái (李白, Lǐ Bái), owayegqugquzelwe umbono weziqongo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezifana nezimbali zelotus.
- “Fú” (佛) — “Buddha”: kukhomba umsuka wobuBuddha kanye nobudlelwane nesiko lezindela.
- “Chá” (茶) — “itiye”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Jiǔhuá fúchá — itiye elihlobene ngokunamathisele nenye yezintaba ezine ezinkulu zobuBuddha eChina (四大佛教名山) — indawo yokuhambela izigidi zabakholwayo. UBodhisattva uDìzàng (Kṣitigarbha) — umvikeli womhlaba ongaphansi kanye nommeli wabafileyo — “ungumnikazi” weNtaba i-Jiǔhuáshān, futhi itiye elivela kule ntaba linesimo esikhethekile somoya. Ukuxhumana kwenkosana eyindela yaseKorea u-Kim Kyogak nokusungulwa kokutshalwa kwetiye eJiǔhuáshān — kuyisibonelo esiyingqayizivele sokuhwebelana ngamasiko phakathi kwe-Korea ne-China ngobuBuddha.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nokudla Okuluhlaza:

Izinhlobo / Ukulima: Izinhlanganisela zendabuko zendawo ze-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — Jiǔhuáshān Yuánshēng Qúntǐzhǒng (九华山原生群体种) — “Inhlanganisela Yendabuko yaseJiǔhuáshān”. Izihlahla zijwayele isimo sezulu sasentabeni ephakeme; imiqumelo namahlumela anenyama, anoboya obuningi (芽叶肥厚多毫).
Ukukha: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngezinga eliphezulu — umqumelo owodwa neqabunga elilodwa ekuqaleni kokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, ≥80%). Ngezinga lokuqala — umqumelo owodwa neqabunga elilodwa (60–80%). Ngezinga lesibili — umqumelo owodwa namaqabunga amabili (60–80%). Ngezinga lesithathu — umqumelo owodwa namaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu (40–60%).
Izidingo zokudla okuluhlaza: Amahlumela amnene, anenyama, alinganayo. Ngezinga eliphezulu — ngaphandle “kwamaqabunga angabhangqile” (对夹叶, duìjiā yè — amaqabunga angenamqumelo). Ukugaywa — ngosuku lokukha.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokukhula:

INtaba Engcwele: I-Jiǔhuáshān — iyizintaba eziyinhloko eziqongweni ezingaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 000, etholakala eningizimu ye-Ānhuī. Ukumila kwentaba — muye, nemifula ejulile, imifudlana eminingi kanye nezimpophoma. Indawo — isibonelo esijwayelekile se-terroir “yobuBuddha basentabeni”.
Isimo Sezulu: Sifudumele futhi sinomswakama, sinemvula eningi namafu avamile. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku — kukhulu. Izinambuzane nokungcola kwezimboni — cishe akukho. Amasimu etiya — empeleni “ayi-naturali-organic” (天然有机).
Inhlabathi: Ithuthukiswe emadwaleni egranite nawezindwala (花岗岩或页岩风化母质). Ine-asidi, ivundile, inomoya omuhle. Izihlahla eziningi ezilotshaziweyo (林木葱茏, “itende eliluhlaza lehlathi”) kanye nezimbali zasentabeni (杂花生树) zidala isimo semvelo esiyingqayizivele.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Amasimu etiya atholakala ezingeni elihlukahlukene — kusukela ku-400 kuya ku-1 000+ m. Izinga elingcono kakhulu — livela emasimini asezintabeni eziphakeme e-Huángshíxī, Dàgǔlǐng kanye nase-Mǐnyuán.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Jiǔhuá fúchá bunezigaba eziyisishiyagalombili. Isici esibalulekile — ukwakheka kabili ngomshini wokugoba (理条机分二次理条) okulandelwa “ukucindezela” ngesandla (手工压扁).

Ukukha (鲜叶采摘 — xiānyè cǎizhāi): Ukukha ngesandla kwentwasahlobo kwamahlumela ezinga “umqumelo owodwa — iqabunga elilodwa noma amabili ekuqaleni”.
Ukendlalwa (摊青 — tān qīng): Ukendlalwa okufushane ukuze kubune.
Ukuqinisa (杀青 — shāqīng): Ku-150–160°C — ukugazinga okuthambile, okugcina ubumnene noboya.
Ukuphola (摊凉 — tānliáng): Ukwabiwa kabusha komswakama.
Ukwakheka (做形 — zuòxíng): Ukugoba kabili ngomshini (理条机分二次理条) + “ukucindezela” ngesandla (手工压扁). Yikho kulesi sigaba lapho isimo esisicaba sithola umumo ophawuleka “wesandla sikaBuddha” (佛手状, fóshǒu zhuàng).
Ukomiswa kokuqala (毛火 — máohuǒ): Ku-120–130°C — ukoma okusheshayo.
Ukomiswa kokugcina (足火 — zúhuǒ): Ku-100–120°C — ukuletha esimweni esizinzile. Kuvezwe iphunga (提香) — kuze kube yilapho amahlumela esephuka lapho kugotshwa isiqu (茶条折梗即断).
Ukukhetha nokupakisha (拣剔→包装 — jiǎntī → bāozhuāng): Ukuhlukaniswa ngesandla kokugcina.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo esisicaba — izicucu zetiye eziqondile, ezilinganayo, ezifana “nesandla sikaBuddha” (扁直呈佛手状). Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani okuthulini okusagwababa (翠绿带黄). Isimo esishibilikayo — izingulungu ezihlangene ezinombala oluhlaza ocwebezelayo (墨绿).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Inothi ye-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng), izithelo (果香, guǒxiāng), i-chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng). Izindlela ezimbili zokwenza: i-Huángshíxī — uhlobo lwe-chestnut (栗香型); i-Mǐnyuán — uhlobo lwe-orchid (兰花香型).
Iphunga lokumnika: Liphakeme futhi liqinile (香高味醇). I-orchid nezithelo ekuchithweni kokuqala, i-chestnut — kokulandelayo.
Ukunambitha: Kusha futhi kumnandi kakhulu (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), kuhlangene futhi kugcwele (醇厚, chúnhòu), nobumnandi obubuyayo obubonakalayo (回甘, huígān). Ukunambitheka kwangemva — kuhle, kuhlanzekile.
Umbala wokumnika: Uluhlaza okotshani okuthulini, okhanya ngokuhlanzekile (碧绿明亮).
Indawo yetiye: Amahlumela amnene, alinganayo anombala oluhlaza.

7. Ingxube Yamakhemikhali:

Ukuhlala endaweni ephakeme, inhlamvu zegranite kanye nobumsulwa bemvelo kunquma iphrofayili:

Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin): Kukhona okuphawulekayo. Kunikeza amandla we-antioxidant.
Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine): Kukhona okwengeziwe — umphumela wokukhanya okusakazwayo kwasentabeni nenhlabathi evundile.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — isilinganiso esiphakathi.
Amavithamini: Uvithamini C, ama-carotenoid.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese — iphrofayili inqunywa yinhlabathi yegranite nezindwala.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umthelela wokuvuselela amandla (提神): I-caffeine ne-L-theanine.
Umsebenzi wokupholisa nokususa ubuthi (清热解毒): Izakhiwo zendabuko.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla (消食): Kuvuselela ama-enzyme.
Umsebenzi wokuchama (利尿): I-theobromine ne-theophylline.
Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-catechin.
Kubalulekile: lezi zakhiwo zincike olwazini olutholakala obala futhi akusizo izeluleko zezokwelapha.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye (Ukutshala):

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C.
Inani letiye: 2 g ku-100 ml amanzi.
Izitsha: Igaiwan yobumba omhlophe noma ingilazi.
Inqubo:
1. Shiya izitsha zifudumele, khiphe amanzi.
2. Faka itiye.
3. Ukuchithwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-15.
4. Okulandelayo — engeza imizuzwana engu-10. Itiye limelana nokufakwa izikhathi ezi-4-5.
Qaphela: ukunambitha ngokwesiko lobuBuddha — izigaba ezintathu: phefumula iphunga (闻香 — i-orchid nezithelo), hlola umbala (观色 — ukukhanya okombala we-emerald), nambitha ngeziphuzwana ezincane (品味 — ubusha nokubuyela kwencasa).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivaleke ngokuphelele, endaweni emnyama nebanda.
Okuhle kakhulu — efrijini ku-0–5°C.
Isikhathi sokugcina — kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-12.
Ngemva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-1-2.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

I-Jiǔhuá fúchá — itiye eliduna ngokwengeziwe, okuyinto ehambisana nokuvakasha kwabahambeli e-Jiǔhuáshān. Intengo ixhomeke ezingeni, indawo encane ethile (i-Huángshíxī, i-Mǐnyuán — zibiza kakhudlwana) kanye nesikhathi sokukha.

Iindlela zokugwema okungelona iqiniso:
- Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe abanophawu lohwebo oluqinisekisiwe “九华佛茶”.
- Bheka izitayela ezimbili: i-Huángshíxī (uhlobo lwe-chestnut) ne-Mǐnyuán (uhlobo lwe-orchid) — zombili zisemthethweni.
- Bheka isimo: inguqulo eyisicaba — “isandla sikaBuddha” — iqondile futhi ilingana; eyokushibilika — ihlangene futhi inombala oluhlaza ocwebezelayo.
- Bheka iphunga: i-orchid kanye/noma i-chestnut — amanothi awuphawu. Ukuntula kwakho kokubili — kusolisayo.
- Naka umvelaphi: i-Jiǔhuá fúchá yangempela — ivela endaweni yase-Jiǔhuáshān kuphela kanye nasezindaweni eziyingxenye.

12. Amaqiniso Athandekayo:

Umsunguli wokutshala itiye eJiǔhuáshān — u-Kim Kyogak (金乔觉), inkosana yombuso waseKorea uSilla — omunye wabalingiswa abangavamile emlandweni wetiye laseChina. Wafika eChina ngekhulu lesi-8 ukuzofunda ubuBuddha, wachitha iminyaka engama-75 e-Jiǔhuáshān, ngemva kokufa wabangcweliswa njengommeleli kaBodhisattva uDìzàng, futhi wenza i-Jiǔhuáshān yaba ngenye yezintaba ezine ezinkulu zobuBuddha eChina. Itiye alethula evela eKorea walitshala entabeni — liyifa eliphilayo lokuhwebelana kwamasiko phakathi kwe-Korea ne-China.
Ukuhlolwa kuka-Zhōu Bìdà othi “wèi dí Běiyuàn” — “ngokunambitha akuyekanga ukudlana neBěiyuàn” — kufana nokuthola umklomelo ophakeme wetiye wangeSong. IBěiyuàn (北苑) kwakuyisivande setiya sasebukhosini eFujian esasikhiqiza i-“gòngchá” enhle kakhulu yenkantolo yamaSong. Ukubeka itiye elisetabeni lase-Jiǔhuáshān ezingeni elifanayo nelasebukhosini — kusho ukuvuma ukuphelela kwalo okumsulwa.
U-Lǐ Shízhēn (李时珍, 1518–1593) — umbhali we-“Běncǎo gāngmù”, incwadi enkulu kunazo zonke yemithi yaseChina — wabeka ngokukhethekile i-Jiǔhuáshān njengeng”indawo eyaziwayo yokukhiqiza itiye”.
Izitayela ezimbili — i-Huángshíxī (uhlobo lwe-chestnut) ne-Mǐnyuán (uhlobo lwe-orchid) — zikhiqizwa ngokudla okufanayo entabeni efanayo, kodwa zihlukile ngesimo sezulu esincane sethambeka elithile kanye nobucayi bobuchwepheshe. Lesi yisibonelo esingavamile sokuhlukahluka kwezitayela “ngaphakathi kwentaba”.
Amasimu etiye e-Jiǔhuáshān — empeleni “ayi-naturali-organic”: akukho nhlobo ukungcola kwezimboni, izinambuzane, kanye nesidingo sokubulala izinambuzane. INtaba yobuBuddha idale izimo zemvelo ezifanele zokutshala itiye.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye amhlaza “obuBuddha” nawase-Anhui:

Jīng Shān Chá (径山茶): Evela e-Zhèjiāng. Nayo “yitiye lobuBuddha” elivela esigodlweni sikaChan, nayo ihlobene nomlando womkhosi wetiye. I-Jīngshān — “ikhaya lomkhosi wetiye waseJapan”; i-Jiǔhuáshān — “itiye likaBodhisattva Dìzàng”. Ngokwesitayela: i-Jīngshān — iphothiwe kakhudlwana futhi ine-chestnut ne-orchid; i-Jiǔhuá — yesicaba kakhulu, emise “okwesandla sikaBuddha”.
Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰): Uzakwethu waseningizimu ye-Ānhuī. “Ulimi lwandlebe” olubilisiwe olunephunga le-orchid. I-Máofēng — iphumelela kakhulu kwezohwebo futhi “inobuhle”; i-Jiǔhuá — “inomoya”, ine-aura yobuBuddha.
Yǒngxī Huǒqīng (涌溪火青): Evela esifundeni i-Jīngxiàn, nayo ise-Ānhuī. Itiye lephela elinokumnika kwebhilikosi. Isitayela esihluke ngokuphelele: i-Huǒqīng — izinhlamvu eziyindilinga, ukoma okuthatha amahora angama-20; i-Jiǔhuá — “izandla zikaBuddha” eziyisicaba, ukoma okubilisiwe okujwayelekile.
Éméishān Zhúyèqīng (峨眉竹叶青): Evela eNtabeni i-Éméi — nayo eyigugu lobuBuddha (uBodhisattva Pǔxián). Zombili — “amatiye asezintabeni zobuBuddha”, kodwa evela ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene futhi ezinezitayela ezihlukene: i-Zhúyèqīng — “iqabunga likamoba” eliyisicaba; i-Jiǔhuá — “isandla sikaBuddha” esiyisicaba.

Isiphetho:

I-Jiǔhuá fúchá — itiye lapho ubungcwele bobuBuddha, umlando we-Korea ne-China kanye nobungcweti base-Ānhuī kuhlanganiswe emithambekeni yeNtaba Yezimbali Eziyisishiyagalolunye. Inkosana eyindela yaseKorea, eyaletha imbewu yetiye eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule; isazi sangeSong, esabeka itiye lasentabeni ezingeni elifanayo nelasebukhosini; izicucu zetiye eziyisicaba ezimise “okwesandla sikaBuddha”, ezembula iphunga le-orchid ne-chestnut ekumnikeni okuhlanzekile okombala we-emerald — konke lokhu kwenza i-Jiǔhuá fúchá ibe ngomunye wamatiye agcwele umoya kakhulu eChina. Leli itiye lokuzindla nokucabanga — elilungele labo abafuna enkomeni hhayi ukunambitha kuphela, kepha nokuthula.