Jīnshā gòngchá · new.thetea.app

Jīnshā gòngchá (金沙贡茶, Jīnshā gòngchá) — iyitiyeli eluhlaza laseChina elinomlando ongaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili, elitshalwa emasimini aphezulu esifunda iJīnshā esifundazweni saseGuìzhōu. Lena ingenye yamatiye amadala kakhulu “entela” (贡茶, gòngchá) aseChina, ahlotshaniswa nenkathi yokubusa kukaMbusi uWǔdì wohlanga lwamaHàn. Ngo-2014, iJīnshā gòngchá yazuza isikhundla somkhiqizo ovikelwe ngokwezindawo (国家地理标志产品, Guójiā Dìlǐ Biāozhì Chǎnpǐn), kanti isifunda iJīnshā sinendondo yokuba “Yikhaya Letiyela Lentela laseChina” (中国贡茶之乡, Zhōngguó Gòngchá zhī Xiāng).

1. Isigaba kanye NeMvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiyeli eluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingabilile. Izinga le-oxidation — lingaphansi kuka-5%.
Isigaba: Amatiye amelele emvelo aseChina; umkhiqizo ovikelwe ngokwezindawo.
Imvelaphi: IChina (中国, Zhōngguó), isifundazwe saseGuìzhōu (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), idolobha i-Bìjié elingaphansi kwesifunda (毕节市, Bìjié Shì), isifunda iJīnshā (金沙县, Jīnshā Xiàn). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa onke amalokishi angama-26 kanye nemiphakathi yesifunda, isizinda siyilokishi iQīngchí (清池镇, Qīngchí Zhèn) — isizinda somlando setiyela lentela, lapho kugcwele khona izihlahla zamatiye amadala.
Ukuhlala ngezindawo: 105°47′–106°44′ E, 27°07′–27°46′ N. Ububanzi bendawo yokulima — cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1250.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando:

Umlando weJīnshā gòngchá usukela eminyakeni engaphezu kweyinkulungwane ezimbili futhi uhlobene ngokungenakwehlukana nesiko letiyela lentela eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina.

Inkathi yaseNtshonalanga Hàn (西汉, Xī Hàn): ngonyaka ka-135 BC, u-zhōnglángjiàng (中郎将, zhōnglángjiàng) uTáng Méng (唐蒙, Táng Méng), owayethunywe ngomyalezo wobunxusa kubantu baseYèláng (夜郎, Yèláng), wethula kuMbusi uWǔdì wohlanga lwamaHàn (汉武帝, Hàn Wǔdì) itiyela elalivela endaweni iQīngchí. UMbusi, ehlaba umxhwele ngokunambitheka kwalo, waletha itiyela igama elithi “itiyela laseYèláng” (夜郎茶, Yèláng Chá) walifaka emthethweni wezimpahla zentela.

Inkathi yamaMíng (明朝, Míng Cháo): umbusi wesifazane wendawo i-Shēxiāng Fūrén (奢香夫人, Shēxiāng Fūrén), owayehola abantu baseYí endaweni yaseShuǐxī (水西, Shuǐxī), wafaka itiyela laseQīngchí eziphweni ezazithunyelwa enkantolo yombuso yomsunguli wohlanga lwamaMíng — uZhū Yuánzhāng (朱元璋, Zhū Yuánzhāng).

Inkathi yamaQīng (清朝, Qīng Cháo): ngeminyaka yokubusa ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi Tóngzhì (同治, Tóngzhì) osebeni lomfula i-Chìshuǐ Hé (赤水河, Chìshuǐ Hé) eQīngchí kwamiswa izinsika ezintathu zamatshe ezinemibhalo ephawula ngetela ngetiyela. Esinye salezi zinsika sithi: “Itiyela iQīngshuǐtáng (清水塘茶, Qīngshuǐtáng Chá) liwela ngeGǔlín liya eSìchuān, lisabalala yonke indawo, minyaka yonke lihlawuliswa intela — okudabukisayo ukuthi isivuno sincane.” Ngayo leyo minyaka eQīngchí kwakunesikhungo sokuhweba saseJiāngxī (江西会馆, Jiāngxī Huìguǎn), esaphenduka isizinda sokuhweba ngetiyela nosawoti — manje sesamukelwa njengomlando wezwe ngokwamasiko.

Isikhathi sakamuva: ngo-2009, i-China Tea Circulation Association (中国茶叶流通协会, Zhōngguó Cháyè Liútōng Xiéhuì) yanikeza lesifunda isiqu esithi “Yikhaya Letiyela Lentela laseChina”. Ngo-2014, itiyela lathola ukuvikelwa kombuso ngokwezindawo. Ngo-2025, indawo yezivande zamatiye esifundeni ifinyelela kuma-mǔ angama-300 000 (cishe amahektha angama-20 000), umthamo wonyaka wokukhiqiza itiyela elomile ungaphezu kwamathani ayi-7 000, kanti inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo lifinyelela ezigidini eziyi-165 zama-yuan.

Igama:

“Jīnshā” (金沙, Jīnshā) — igama lesifunda, ngokwezwi nezwi “isihlabathi segolide”, ngokwenganekwane elihlobene nezindawo ezigcwele igolide emfuleni iChìshuǐ Hé. “Gòngchá” (贡茶, Gòngchá) — “itiyela lentela” noma “umnikelo womnyuziyamu”, okungukuthi itiyela elalithunyelwa enkantolo njengentela yemvelo. Ngakho-ke, igama eliphelele ngokomqondo lisho ukuthi “itiyela lentela laseJīnshā”.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:

IJīnshā gòngchá ingenye yezimpawu zesiko letiyela laseGuìzhōu futhi iwubufakazi obuphilayo bomzila wasendulo kaphethiloli notiyela (盐茶古道, Yán Chá Gǔdào), owawudlula eQīngchí uye emfuleni iChìshuǐ Hé udlulele eSìchuān. Isiko “lokushintsha intela ngetiyela” (以茶代税, yǐ chá dài shuì) lifakazela ubukhulu beqophelo leli tiyela elalibaluleke impilweni yezomnotho yalesi sifunda. Namuhla, isifunda iJīnshā singene kaningi ohlwini “lwezifunda Eziyikhulu Ezinamandla Kwezamatiye eChina” (中国茶业百强县, Zhōngguó Cháyè Bǎi Qiáng Xiàn), kanti uhlobo lwe “Jīnshā gòngchá” luhlanganisa amabhizinisi kanye nezinkampani ezingaphezu kwe-17.

3. Ukuchazwa Ngezitshalo kanye Nempahla Engavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Isilimo: Izitshalo eziyinhloko (cishe ama-60%) zimelwe uhlobo lwe-Fúdǐng Dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbáichá) — uhlobo oluncane, oluhlaza kakhulu lweqabunga lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, olufanele kahle ukwenziwa kwetyela eliyisicaba (翠片, cuìpiàn). Kanti futhi kusetshenziswa kakhulu uhlobo lweLóngjǐng 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43). Ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zezimboni, eJīnshā kuhluma izinhlobo zomdabu ezisindayo (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), ezihlanganisa ukwakheka kwamaqabunga amakhulu, aphakathi namancane. Izinhlobo zomdabu zivuka ngaphambi kwezinsuku eziyi-10–15 kunezinhlobo ezingenisiwe, zinomkhalambazo othambile futhi zilungele ngokuphelele ukwenziwa kwatiye asongelwe ohlobo lwe-máojiān (毛尖, máojiān).
Ukuvunwa: Isikhathi esifanele — intwasahlobo yokuqala, eduze komkhosi we-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng), ohlelwa ekuqaleni kuka-Apreli. Ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kusetshenziswa kuphela imiqumbe engakavuli noma umqumbe oneqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn). Ngetiyela lesigaba sokuqala — umqumbe oneqabunga elilodwa elivuleke ngokuphelele. Izinhlobo eziningi zivumela ukuvunwa komqumbe owodwa onamaqabunga amabili.
Izidingo zempahla engavuthiwe: Encane, efanayo, ingenakho ukulimala kwemishini futhi ingenakhwepha langaphandle. Kubaluleke kakhulu impahla engavuthiwe evela ezihlahleni zamatiye amadala (古茶树, gǔ cháshù) zaseQīngchí — izihlahla ezineminyaka ephakathi kwekhulu kuya ezinkulungwaneni ezimbili zicutshungulwa ngokwehlukile futhi zisetshenziselwa kuphela ukukhiqiza itiyela lesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu.

4. Indawo Yokutshala kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu kanye nomumo womhlaba: Isifunda iJīnshā sikule ndawo “yebhande legolide letiyela” emkhakheni womhlaba ongu-27° we-latitude. Izinga eliphakathi lonyaka lokushisa lingu-12.5–16.5 °C, izinga lonyaka lezemvula lingu-1050–1650 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu lidlula izinsuku eziyi-180 ngonyaka, kanti isilinganiso sokukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile sifinyelela ku-70%, nto edala izimo ezinhle zokukhula kancane kweqabunga letiyela nokuqongelela izinto ezinephunga elimnandi.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: 800–1100 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Inhlabathi: Kugcwele inhlabathi ebomvu-ngqo enamatye (岩性赤红壤, yánxìng chìhóng rǎng), ethatha ama-35.1% wendawo yesifunda. I-acidity — i-pH 5.0–6.5, inhlabathi igcwele i-zinc ne-selenium. Ubungako bamahlathi bu-61.89%, akukho zinto ezingcolisa izimboni.
Izici ezikhethekile zokutshala: Ukutshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kwenza amahlumela akhule kancane, okuphumela ekwandeni kwama-amino acid empahleni engavuthiwe yasentwasahlobo cishe ngama-20% uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye asezindaweni eziphansi. Izindawo eziningi zokulima zisebenzisa ukulima ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezivundisi zamakhemikhali; abakhiqizi abaningana sebethole isitifiketi ngokwemigomo ye-Rainforest Alliance kanye ne-European Union.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqiza kweJīnshā gòngchá kulandela ubuchwepheshe bakudala betiyela eluhlaza kanye nezici ezithile zendawo:

Ukuvunwa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla okukhethekile kwempahla engavuthiwe encane ngezikhathi zangaphambi kokusa noma zasekuseni.
Ukwenza ubuthakathaka ngezicephu zomhlanga (摊青, tānqīng): Amaqabunga avuniwe asanda kuphuma alaliswa ngobuncane obuncanyana ezinqwabeni zomhlanga bese egcinwa amahora ama-4–12 aze afinyelele ubuthakathaka obuncane nephunga elimnandi eliyingqayizivele.
“Ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Isinyathelo esiyinhloko — ukujiyisa ekushiseni okungaba ngu-300 °C epanini elishisayo noma emgqonyeni. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko obuthiwa “qíhuǒ chǎo” (骑火炒, qíhuǒ chǎo), obubhalwe ohlelweni lwamagugu angabonwa. Buthatha izindlela ezintathu zomlilo: “wǔhuǒ shāqīng” (武火杀青, wǔhuǒ shāqīng — umlilo omkhulu wokujiyisa), “wénhuǒ shōuhàn” (文火收汗, wénhuǒ shōuhàn — umlilo ophakathi wokususa ukuswela okuncane), kanye “wēihuǒ dìngxiāng” (微火定香, wēihuǒ dìngxiāng — umlilo omncane wokuqinisa iphunga).
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukushintshana kwengcindezelo elula, enamandla, bese iphinda ilula (轻-重-轻, qīng-zhòng-qīng) ukuze kwakhe umumo oyingqayizivele nokwembula ijusi yamangqamuzana.
Ukomisa kokuqala (毛火, máohuǒ): Ukushisisa ku-120 °C ukuze kususwe umswakama wokuqala.
Ukomisa okuphelele (足干, zúgān): Ukugcwalisa ku-80 °C kuze kufinyelele umswakama wokugcina ongedluli ku-6.5%.
Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Ukuhlukanisa ngokwamazinga nangekhwalithi ngokuvumelana nezinga lesiqinisekiso sendawo.

Kumpahla engavuthiwe evela ezihlahleni zamakhulu nezinkulungwane zeminyaka kusetshenziswa ukucutshungulwa okukhethekile: isinyathelo sokuqinisa iphunga (提香, tíxiāng) selulelwa imizuzu eyi-15, okuqinisa ukujule kwethoni ye-castnut.

6. Izimpawu Zokuphila (I-Organoleptic):

Isimo seqabunga elomile ngaphandle: Kukhiqizwa izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Itiyela elisongelwe (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng) — uhlobo lwe “máojiān”: “amahhuku okudoba” (形似鱼钩, xíng sì yúgōu) aqinile, amancane, futhi agebhe kancane, aluhlaza futhi anoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo. Itiyela eliyisicaba (扁形, biǎn xíng) — uhlobo lwe “cuìpiàn” (翠片, cuìpiàn): izingxenye eziqondile, ebushelelezi, ezicwebezelayo zombala oluhlaza okotshani onombala wamafutha.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Okugqamile kwe-castnut (栗香, lìxiāng) — uphawu olukhethekile lweJīnshā gòngchá. Ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme ze-cuìpiàn ithoni ye-castnut ishintshela ephungeni elihlanzekile eliphezulu lezimbali noluhlaza. Iphunga eliphuma enkomishini ebandayo ligcinwa ngaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-15.
Iphunga lesiphuzo: Eliqinile, le-castnut namakhambi, elinomthunzi wokuhlaza okusha. Kumafomu angcono kakhulu kuvela amabele amancane ajulile kanye nezimbali.
Ukunambitheka: Kujulile, okunamafutha (醇厚, chúnhòu), nokusha okugqamile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okubangelwa inani eliphezulu lama-amino acid. I-aftertaste — i-huígān (回甘, huígān) egqamile, ukubuya okumnandi isikhathi eside. Ubuhlungu nokubaba kuncane.
Umbala wesiphuzo: Ophuzi-luhlaza, ohlanzekile futhi ocwebezelayo (黄绿明亮, huánglǜ míngliàng).
Insimbi yetiyela (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amaqabunga aluhlaza kancane, alingene, anamandla anokuphelela okuhle; inyama yeqabunga inyama ethambile, ebonisa ikhwalithi ephezulu yempahla engavuthiwe.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin): 14–15% — inani eliphakeme lethelayeli eluhlaza, okunikeza ukunambitheka okuthambile ngaphandle kobuhlungu obugqamile. Izinhlaka eziyinhloko — i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin (EC) kanye ne-epigallocatechin (EGC).
Ama-amino acid: I-theanine (茶氨酸, cháānjīsuān) — 3.4–3.8 g/100 g yento eyomile, nto ephakeme kakhulu kunomndeni ophakathi wamateyeli aseChina aluhlaza, futhi echaza ukunambitheka okugqamile kanye “nomzimba” wokunambitheka. Kanti futhi kuqukethe i-glutamic acid (0.2–0.3 g/100 g), i-tyrosine (0.2–0.3 g/100 g), kanye ne-arginine (0.1–0.2 g/100 g).
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — 2.7–3.0%, i-theobromine ne-theophylline ngamanani amancane.
Isikhishi samanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): ≥ 45% — inani eliphezulu, elifakazela ukugcwala kokunambitheka kanye nokukhishwa kalula.
Amavithamini: C (empahleni engavuthiwe esanda kuvunwa), iqembu B, K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc. Okubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukutholakala okuphezulu kwe-selenium (硒, xī), okubangelwa izici ze-geochemical zenhlabathi: umsebenzi we-antioxidant wetiyela eline-selenium ulinganiselwa ngama-30% ngaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza avela ezifundazweni iJiāngsū neZhèjiāng.
I-fluoride: Ukutholakala kwe-fluoride ngama-30% ngaphezulu komndeni ophakathi wamateyeli aluhlaza, nto enenzuzo ekwakhiweni kwemaminerali yombhalo wamazinyo.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

Ukuvikela nge-antioxidant: Ama-catechin ne-selenium ndawonye kunciphisa ama-radical amahhala, kubambezele inqubo yokuguga kwamangqamuzana.
Ukuqabula okumnene: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inika amandla anokuthula ngaphandle kokukhuphuka nokwehla okukhulu — umphumela wokugxilisa ukunaka.
Ukusekela ukugaya: Ama-polyphenol akhuthaza ukunyakaza kwamathumbu nokukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; itiyela kuhle ukuphuza ngemuva kwehora ngemuva kokudla.
Isistimu yenhliziyo nokujikeleza kwegazi: Ukuphuza njalo kunciphisa izinga le-LDL-cholesterol futhi kugcina ubuqotho bemithambo yegazi.
Ukusekela umetabolizimu: Ama-catechin akhubaza ukumunca kwe-glucose, kusiza ekulawuleni izinga likashukela egazini.
Ukuqinisa umbhalo wamazinyo: Ukutholakala okuphezulu kwe-fluoride nama-polyphenol kunika umphumela wokulwa namazinyo abolayo.
Imisebenzi yengqondo: I-theanine ikhuphula amazinga e-dopamine ne-serotonin, ithuthukisa ukugxila kanye nesimo somoya.

9. Ukulungiselela (Ukufeza):

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 75–85 °C ngezinhlobo ezisongelwe (máojiān); 80 °C ngezinhlobo eziyisicaba (cuìpiàn). Ngezinhlobo eziphakeme ezenziwe ngemiqumbe emhlophe kuvunyelwe ukwehlisa ku-70–75 °C.
Inani letiyela: 3 g ku-150 ml (indlela yaseYurophu, isilinganiso 1:50); 5–6 g ku-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gufu).
Izitsha: Ingilazi noma indebe (ukubuka “umdanso weqabunga”); i-gàiwǎn emhlophe yobumba (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yokuhlanganisa iphunga. Izibhodi zaseYíxīng azinconywa — ubumba olunama-porous lungathulisa iphunga elintekenteke le-castnut.
Indlela:
1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese uwakhipha.
2. Thela itiyela.
3. Ngezinto ezintsha zentwasahlobo ezintekenteke, sebenzisa indlela “yokuthelela phezulu” (上投法, shàngtóufǎ): qala uthele amanzi, besewehlisa itiyela. Ukuhlanza akudingeki.
4. Ukuphuza kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-20–30 (ingilazi) noma imizuzwana eyi-10–15 (i-gàiwǎn gungfu).
5. Ukulandelayo — ukukhulisa kwemizuzwana eyi-5–10.
6. Kumelana nokuphuzwayo okungu-3–6 ngendlela ye-gungfu; okungu-3–4 kokufakwa engilazini.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakishwa okuvalekile okungakhanyisi (isikhwama se-foil esinokufakwa okuvalwe ngaphansi kwe-vacuum noma ikani likathayela elinesivalo esiqinile). Ukuvikelwa emikhumbini yangaphandle, ekukhanyeni, nasekunyukeni.
Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 0–5 °C (isiqandisi). Ngaphambi kokuvula, ukupakishwa kufanele kushiywe ekushiseni kwegumbi kuze kufinyelele ukulingana okuphelele ukuze kugwemeke ukunkentezela komswakama eqabungeni.
Isikhathi sokugcina kupakishwa elivaliwe — kuze kufinyelele ezinyangeni eziyi-18 esiqandisini. Ngemuva kokuvula, kutuswa ukusebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2–3.

11. Intengo kanye Nokukopishwa (Imikhuba Emibi):

Isigaba sentengo: IJīnshā gòngchá ihlanganisa izigaba eziningi zentengo. Isigaba esiphakeme kakhulu (特级, tèjí) — imiqumbe ephelele noma umqumbe oneqabunga eliqala ukuvuleka, uboya bumboze ngaphezu kwama-90% womzimba, intengo ingaphezu kwama-yuan angama-600 ngejīn (500 g). Isigaba sokuqala (一级, yījí) — umqumbe oneqabunga elilodwa, iphunga le-castnut, ama-yuan angama-200–400 ngejīn. Itiyela eliningi (大宗茶, dàzōng chá) — umqumbe wamaqabunga amabili, ama-yuan angama-40–80 ngekhilogremu.
Izici zentengo: Ukuphakama kokutshala, isikhathi sokuvuna (okwasentwasahlobo kokuqala kubiza kakhulu), umsebenzi wezandla, ubudala bezihlahla (impahla engavuthiwe esuka ezihlahleni zamakhulu eminyaka iphindwe kabili), izinga lesigaba nokucutshungulwa.
Indlela yokugwema imikhuba emibi:
- Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe abanelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu lokuqinisekisa indawo “Jīnshā gòngchá”.
- Hlola umumo weqabunga: itiyela elisongelwe langempela linomumo “omise okwamahhuku okudoba”, eliyisicaba libushelelezi futhi licwebezele, lingenalo uthuli noma izingcezwana eziphukile.
- Hlola iphunga: ithoni ye-castnut kufanele ibe ihlanzekile, ingenalo ukuhinda, ukubola noma ukunambitheka kwentuthu.
- Isiphuzo kufanele sikhanye, siphuzi-luhlaza futhi sicwebezele, singenamafu.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iwuphawu oluqinisekile lokushintsha impahla engavuthiwe: qaphela “iJīnshā gòngchá” engabiza ngaphansi kwama-yuan ayi-100 ngejīn ngetiyela elinesigaba.

12. Amaqiniso Athandekayo:

Elokishini iQīngchí kukhona ihlathi eliyingqayizivele lezihlahla zamatiye amadala eziyi-146, okuyi-40 yazo eneminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Isihlahla nombolo 001, esinobude obungaba ngamamitha ayi-13, ububanzi besiqu bungamasentimitha angama-60, kanye nesihlahla esingamamitha-skwele angama-48, sanqunywa yiGuìzhōu Tea Association ukuthi sineminyaka engaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili. Minyaka yonke kuvunwa kuso ngaphezu kwama-35 kg amaqabunga amasha.
Isifundazwe saseGuìzhōu samukele ngo-2017 umthetho ohlukile “oVikela Izihlahla Zamatiye Amadala” (《贵州省古茶树保护条例》, Guìzhōu Shěng Gǔ Cháshù Bǎohù Tiáolì) — omunye wemithetho yokuqala yesifunda enjalo eChina.
NgoMasingana 2022, ithelevishini emaphakathi CCTV ohlelweni “Focus” (焦点访谈, Jiāodiǎn Fǎngtán) yakhipha umbiko okhethekile ngokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamatiye yesifunda iJīnshā.
Emikhankasweni yamazwe ngamazwe yamatiye ka-2024, imikhiqizo yaseJīnshā yahlonishwa ngemiklomelo ephezulu: itiyela eliyisicaba “iGuìzhōu Lóngjǐng” (贵州龙井) lathola “Umklomelo Wegolide Ophakeme Kakhulu” (特等金奖), kanti itiyela elibomvu elivela ezihlahleni zamakhulu eminyaka (古树红茶, gǔshù hóngchá) lathola indondo yesiliva.
Ngaphansi kohlobo lwe “Jīnshā gòngchá” akukhiqizwa itiyela eluhlaza kuphela: kusuka ezihlahleni zamakhulu eminyaka kukhiqizwa futhi itiyela elibomvu elinoboya obusagolide nephunga elimnandi loju — okuyinto “bonus” yamasimu amadala.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

Méngdǐng Gānlù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Itiyela eluhlaza laseSìchuān elinomlando omude “wentela”. I-Méngdǐng Gānlù — itiyela elisongelwe elinokunambitheka okuthambile, okunoshukela nephunga lezimbali. Ngokungafani neJīnshā gòngchá, alinayo ithoni ye-castnut egqamile futhi linokuqukethwe okungaphansi kwama-amino acid; nokho, linokunambitheka okuthe xaxa nokuphucukile kakhulu ngephunga.
Dūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Kunjengomunye wetiyela eluhlaza elidala laseGuìzhōu, elibhalwe “Kumatiye Ayishumi Adala Kakhulu aseChina”. I-Dūyún Máojiān — “amahhuku” amancane asongelwe anoboya nokusha okugqamile, kodwa angenawo umzimba oqinile nephunga le-castnut elijulile njengeJīnshā gòngchá.
Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiyela elidala laseHénán, elakhiwe ngesimo elisongelwe elinoboya obuningi. I-Xìnyáng Máojiān inombala ohlaza okotshani ogqamile onomthunzi wokuhlaza okusha osandisikiwe, kanti iJīnshā gòngchá ivelele ngokujula kwe-nutty kanye nobukhulu obubonakalayo bamaminerali, obutholakala enhlabathini ene-selenium.
Méitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuìyá): Itiyela eluhlaza laseGuìzhōu eliyisicaba elivela esifundeni saseMéitán. Ngokubukeka lifana ne-cuìpiàn yaseJīnshā, kodwa iMéitán Cuìyá itshalwa ezindaweni eziphansi, okuphumela ekubeni nokunambitheka okuncane kwe-huígān nomzimba oqinile.

Ekuphetheni:

IJīnshā gòngchá — itiyela elinomlando olinganiswa hhayi eminyakeni kodwa ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Lizalwe ezindaweni eziphakeme zaseGuìzhōu, enhlabathini ebomvu ene-selenium, ngaphansi kwesembozo sefu izinsuku eziyi-180 ngonyaka, linenhlanganisela eyivelakancane yephunga elijulile le-castnut, umzimba onamafutha, kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside. Lena itiyela yalabo abangakuthandi nje ukunambitheka enkomishini, kodwa futhi nobukhulu bamasiko: ikomkhulu ngalinye letiyela liphethe izinsalela zomzila wasendulo kaphethiloli notiyela, izimemezelo zombuso wohlobo lwamaHàn, kanye nobuciko babalimi betiyela baseGuìzhōu, abagcina izimfihlo zokuthosa okunezigaba ezintathu “qíhuǒ chǎo”. Kungaba yingilazi elula ye-máojiān esongelwe noma i-gàiwǎn ene-cuìpiàn eyisicaba — iJīnshā gòngchá ngokungaguquki inika umuzwa wokusha okuhlanzekile kwezintaba kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuthulile, okuqinisekile.