Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě · new.thetea.app

Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě ungenye wamatiye aluhlaza amadala kakhulu e-China, adalwa ngenkathi ye-Ming futhi ahlonishwa ngesikhundla setiye lentela (gongcha) ezinkantolo ze-Ming ne-Qing. Leli tiye, ubuchwepheshe balo balahleka ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Qing futhi bavuselelwa ngo-1978 kuphela, liphakathi kwamanye amatiye amathathu amakhulu esifundazweni sase-Anhui kanye ne-Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng) ne-Liu An Gua Pian (六安瓜片, Liù’ān Guā Piàn). Igama layo eliyimbongi — ‘Iqhwa Eliluhlaza elivela entabeni i-Jìngtíng’ — ithole ngenxa yoboya obumhlophe (bai hao), okuthi lapho kuphuzwa kuzungeza enkomishini kube sengathi amakhekheba eqhwa.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwe), hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng) — eyomiswe ngendlela yokushisa (ukomiswa kwebhasikidi).
Isigaba: Amatiye amadumile omlando ase-China (历史名茶, lìshǐ míngchá).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽, Ānhuī), idolobha lase-Xuānchéng (宣城, Xuānchéng), isifunda sase-Xuānzhōu (宣州区, Xuānzhōu Qū), intaba i-Jìngtíngshān (敬亭山, Jìngtíng Shān). Umnyombo wokukhiqiza ugxile esiqongweni esikhulu i-Yī Fēng (一峰, Yī Fēng) nasezingadini eziseduze zetiye — i-Míngxiāngtái (茗香台), i-Shàngshíbà (上十坝) kanye nezinye iziza emithambekeni enomthunzi ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-300–500.
Izixhumanisi zokuma: Cishe u-31°00′ enyakatho, u-118°40′ empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě yadalwa ngesikhathi sobukhosi be-Ming (1368–1644). Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe-Ming ne-Qing, leli tiye lafakwa kuhlu lwamatiye entela asenkantolo yombusi. Ngokwe-‘County Chronicle of Xuānchéng’ (《宣城县志》, Xuānchéng Xiànzhì), nge-Ming-Qing kwakuthunyelwa ngonyaka amakhilogremu angaba ngu-150 wale tiye enkantolo. Ngesikhathi sika-Kāngxī imbongi nesazi u-Shī Rùnzhāng (施闰章, Shī Rùnzhāng) walidumisa leli tiye ngezinkondlo, okwaqinisa udumo lwalo emibhalweni. Ngasekupheleni kwenkathi ye-Qing ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza balahleka. Ngo-1972 imboni yetiye yaseMount Jìngtíngshān (敬亭山茶场) yaqala umsebenzi wokuvuselela iresiphi, kwathi ngo-1978 ubuchwepheshe baphinde badalwa ngempumelelo. Ngo-1976 umbhali nodokotela wezomphakathi u-Guō Mòruò (郭沫若, Guō Mòruò) wabhala ngesandla umbhalo othi ‘Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě’, owaba wuphawu lwetiye. Ngo-1983 leli tiye lathola isitifiketi sokuhlonipha soMnyango Wezangaphandle e-China. Ngo-2010 ubuchwepheshe bokuphisa i-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě bafakwa kuhlu lwamagugu angabambeki esifundazweni sase-Anhui. Indlela yokuqoqa nokucubungula leli tiye yafakwa ezincwadini ezisemthethweni zokufundela ezikhungweni eziphakeme zemfundo yetiye.
Igama: Ingxenye ngayinye yegama inencazelo. ‘Jìngtíng’ (敬亭) yigama lentaba; ekuqaleni yayibizwa nge-Zhāotíngshān (昭亭山, Zhāotíng Shān), kodwa ekuqaleni kobukhosi be-Western Jin (AD 266) yaqanjwa kabusha ukuze kugwemwe igama lombusi u-Sīmǎ Zhāo (司马昭). ‘Lǜ’ (绿, lǜ) — ‘okuluhlaza’, kukhombisa umbala wezimbaza namaqabunga etiye. ‘Xuě’ (雪, xuě) — ‘iqhwa’, kuchaza uboya obumhlophe (bai hao) obumboza kakhulu izingcezu zetiye, okuthi lapho kuphuzwa kuhlukane futhi kuzungeze emanzini, kudale umphumela wamakhekheba eqhwa awayo. Kunenganekwane yesintu: ngokwenganekwane, u-Lǜ Xuě (‘Iqhwa Eliluhlaza’) kwakuyigama lentombazane eyingcweti eyayenza itiye elimangalisayo. Lapho ibalekela izimfuno zesikhulu sendawo, yaziphonsa esaweni, kwathi amaqabunga awo etiye asakazeka ebhasikidini layo ahlumela kuwo wonke umthambeka wentaba. Abantu baqamba leli tiye ngegama layo ukuze bamkhumbule.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Intaba i-Jìngtíngshān ingenye yezintaba ezidumile ‘zezimbongi’ (诗山, Shī Shān) e-Southern China. Yadunyiswa ngisho nangaphambili yimbongi yase-Southern Qi u-Xiè Tiǎo (谢朓, Xiè Tiǎo, 464–499), futhi imbongi enkulu u-Lǐ Bái (李白, Lǐ Bái) wakhuphuka kule ntaba izikhathi eziyisikhombisa futhi washiya izinkondlo ezingama-45, kuhlanganise nethi ‘Ngihleli Ngedwa Entabeni i-Jìngtíng’ (《独坐敬亭山》). Ngaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane — kusukela ezinkathini ze-Six Dynasties kuya e-Qing — lentaba yahlonishwa ngababhali abangaphezu kuka-300, kuhlanganise no-Bái Jūyì, Dù Mù, Ōuyáng Xiū, Huáng Tíngjiān, Sū Shì no-Wén Tiānxiáng. Itiye elazalelwa emithambekeni yale ntaba eyinganekwane, kusukela ekuqaleni lalihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nesiko lemibhalo. Imbongi ye-Qing u-Shī Rùnzhāng wabhala ngayo: ‘Ngithela ku-porcelain emhlophe — angikwazi ukuhlukanisa namanzi amsulwa, kubukeka sengathi iphunga lezimbali liphathwe umfudlana wasentabeni’. Umdwebi u-Méi Gēng (梅庚, Méi Gēng) naye walincoma leli tiye, ephawula ukuthi ‘umbala walo unjengamanzi asekwindla, futhi ukunambitheka kunjenge-orchid’. I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě kanye ne-Huangshan Mao Feng ne-Liu An Gua Pian yakha ‘abathathu abakhulu bamatiye ase-Anhui’ (安徽三大名茶) abayisisekelo.

3. Incazelo Ye-Botanical Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

I-cultivar: I-cultivar eyinhloko i-Xuānchéng Jiānyè (宣城尖叶, Xuānchéng Jiānyè) — iyinhlobo yembewu eyamukelwa ngokusemthethweni kuzwelonke (国家级有性系良种). Lolu hlobo lwesihlahla (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis) lunamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo, isihlahla esivuleke kancane. Amahlumela amancane anombala ophuzi-oluhlaza, ambozwe kakhulu uboya. Isisindo sezimbaza eziyikhulu ezisezingeni elijwayelekile ‘imbaza namaqabunga amathathu’ singaba ngu-64 g. I-cultivar ibonakala ngokumelana okuphezulu nobandayo nesomiso, kanye nokuhlala isencane isikhathi eside kwamahlumela (持嫩性强, chí nèn xìng qiáng).
Ukuqoqwa: Ukuqoqwa kwenzeka minyaka yonke esikhathini esisuka ku-Qīngmíng (清明, Qīngmíng, ekuqaleni kuka-April) kuya ku-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, maphakathi ngasekupheleni kuka-April). Izinga lokuqoqwa — ‘iqabunga elilodwa lika imbaza eyodwa’ (一叶抱一芯): imbaza engakavuleki noma esanda kuvuleka kancane eneqabunga elilodwa elincane elinobude obucishe bube yi-cùn (寸, ~3.3 cm).
Izinga lokuqoqwa: Ezingeni elikhethekile (tèjí) — izimbaza eziwodwa kuphela noma izimbaza ezineqabunga lokuqala elingakavuleki; ezingeni lokuqala — imbaza eneqabunga elilodwa; kwelesibili — imbaza enamacembe amabili aqala ukuvuleka. Izidingo zokuqoqa zichazwa ngamagama amane: ‘nèn, jūn, jìng, qí’ (嫩、均、净、齐) — ubumnene, ukufana, ubumsulwa, ukulingana.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela amancane kuphela, angenamonakalo, angenawo amaqabunga amabi, alinganayo ngosayizi, angenawo iphunga elingafanele noma ukungcola.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokukhula:

Isimo sezulu nendawo: Intaba i-Jìngtíngshān itholakala endaweni yenguquko phakathi kwezintaba zase-Southern Anhui (皖南山区) kanye nethafa elingasogwini loMfula i-Yangtze. Isimo sezulu singaphansi kwe-subtropical sinezikhathi ezine ezicacile. Ukushisa okuphakathi ngonyaka kungu-15–16.8 °C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1500–2000 mm. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa singaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-220. Umswakama ophakathi wonyaka ungaphezu kuka-80%. Ukumboza kwehlathi e-Jìngtíngshān kufinyelela ku-96.3%, ngenxa yalokho izihlahla zetiye zithola ukukhanya okusakazekile ikakhulukazi, okusiza ukuqoqwa kwama-amino acid futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka kwemicu eqinile emahlumela.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izingadi zetiye eziyinhloko zitholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-300–500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu ziqoqwa emithambekeni enomthunzi (enyakatho) eseduze nesiqongo esikhulu.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yakhiwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kwe-sandstone. Ukusabela kune-acidic kancane (pH 4.5–5.0), okuqukethe okuningi kwe-humus nezinto zamaminerali, kuhlanganise ne-selenium ne-iodine. Lokhu kwakheka kunikeza itiye iphrofayili ye-mineral egcwele futhi kusiza ekwakhekeni kwephunga eliyingqayizivele.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě kuhlanganisa izinyathelo eziyisithupha ezilandelanayo. Isici esibalulekile — yindlela yokwenza ngesandla ‘dā lǒng lǐ tiáo’ (搭拢理条, dā lǒng lǐ tiáo), eyenza isimo esiyingqayizivele ‘solimi lomjinge’, kanye nokomisa kokugcina ngamalahle enkuni ye-pagoda (槐炭烘笼, huáitàn hōnglóng), okuqinisa iphunga futhi kunikeze ukuhlala isikhathi eside ngenkathi igcinwa.

Ukunaba amaqabunga amasha (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng): Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziqoqiwe ziyanabiseka ngongqimba omncane emathileyeni e-bamboo amahora ama-2–3 ukuze kususwe umswakama owedlulele ngokwemvelo futhi kuvuswe iphunga.
‘Ukubulala ukuluhlaza’ (杀青, shāqīng): Kwenziwa e-wokini ezingeni lokushisa elingu-130–140 °C. Ekufakeni ngakunye kusetshenziswa u-200–250 g wezinto zokusetshenziswa. Emaminithini okuqala ama-2 iqabunga liyanyakaziswa ngamandla (抖, dǒu), bese kushintshaniswa ukunyakazisa kanye nokugwinywa isikhashana (闷, mèn). Ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa kubaluleke kakhulu: ukushisa ngokweqile kunikeza ukunambitheka okushile, ukushisa okunganele — iphunga letjani eliluhlaza. Ngemva kokuqiniswa iqabunga liyanabiseka ukuze liphole.
Ukwenza isimo (做形, zuòxíng): Kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa elingu ~60 °C. Kusetshenziswa indlela yesandla ‘dā lǒng lǐ tiáo’ (搭拢理条): ingcweti isebenza ngeminwe emine kanye nesithupha ngesikhathi esisodwa, ibambe izingcezu zetiye entendeni yesandla futhi yakha kuzo ‘izilimi’ ezibushelelezi, eziqondile. Ingcindezi ilawulwa ngokomthetho othi ‘lula — namandla — lula’ (轻-重-轻), okuvimbela ukufiphala nokuphuka kwezimbaza.
Ukushiswa kokuqala (毛烘, máo hōng): Kuqala ngo-110 °C nokwehliswa kancane kwezinga lokushisa (梯度降温, tīdù jiàngwēn). Lesi sigaba siqinisa isimo futhi sisusa ingxenye esele enkulu yomswakama.
Ukushiswa kokugcina (足烘, zú hōng): Kwenziwa ngo-60 °C ngomlilo ophansi ‘omnyama’ (暗火慢烘, ànhuǒ mànhōng) kuze kube umswakama ungaphansi noma ulingana no-5%. Kuyilesi sigaba lapho kusetshenziswa khona amabhasikidi okushisa amalahle enziwe nge-pagoda, anika itiye iphunga eliyisici le-castanea.
Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Itiye eselilungile lihlungwa ngosayizi, ukuqina, kanye nenani loboya, lihlukaniswe ngamazinga amane.

6. Izimpawu Ze-Organoleptic:

Isimo sangaphandle seqabunga elomile: Izingcezu zetiye zinesimo ‘solimi lomjinge’ (雀舌形, quèshé xíng) — ziqondile, ziqinile, ziyisicaba kancane, zikhipha isiphethu lapho zithintwa. Umbala — oluhlaza okotshani ocebile, ucwebezela ngoboya obumhlophe obuningi, kwezinye izindawo kunokucwazimula okuphuzi okusagolide (tèjí, 特级). Izingcezu azinazicucu nothuli. Itiye lezinga eliphezulu libonakala ngokuqina okukhethekile kokugoqeka kanye nokucwazimula okukhanyayo.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Inothi elivelele — i-castanea eyosiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), yenezelwe ngamathoni e-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu esincane sendawo kungavela futhi iphunga lezimbali ze-honeysuckle (金银花香, jīnyínhuā xiāng). Iphunga lisha, lihlanzekile, lihlala isikhathi eside.
Iphunga le-soup: Eligcwele futhi elihlala isikhathi eside, elinomnyombo ocacile we-castanea, amathoni e-flowery kanye nesisekelo esisha ‘esiluhlaza’. Lapho inkomishi iphola kuvumbuka amathoni ojuyela wezinyosi nawamantongomane.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okuthambile futhi okuhambisanayo (醇和, chúnhé), okunoshukela ocacile (甘, gān) kanye nokunambitheka okuphindayo okumnandi okuhlala kuphumile (回甘, huígān). Umzimba unomthumano ophakathi, awunakho ukunambitheka okubi noma ukuhwamuka okweqile lapho kuphuzwa ngendlela efanele. Itiye lezinga elikhethekile libuye liveze inothi lamabhontshisi amasha nokhilimu.
Umbala we-soup: Oluhlaza okotshani othambile onombala ophuzi (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míng liàng), okucacile futhi okuhlanzekile. Lapho kuphuzwa engilazini yokuqala kuyabonakala kahle ukuthi izinwele ezimhlophe zihlukana eqabungeni futhi zizungeza emanzini, zidala umphumela odumile ‘weqhwa eliluhlaza’.
I-chadao (iqabunga eliphuzelelwe): Amaqabunga amancane, anwebekayo, aluhlaza okukhanyayo kanye nezimbaza, eziqoqwe ngezixha eziqinile (成朵状, chéng duǒ zhuàng). Umbala ofanayo nokuqina kweqabunga kufakazela izinga lezinto zokusetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwawo ngobumnene.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Leli tiye libonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo, ngenxa yenhlabathi ecebile nge-humus nezimo ezingcono zokukhanya okusakazekile.

Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): Ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol etiye kungu-31.1% — okungaphezulu kakhulu kunesilinganiso samanye amatiye aluhlaza. Ama-catechin amakhulu — i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), i-epigallocatechin (EGC). Ukuqukethwe kwawo wonke ama-catechin kungu-14.7%. Umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-polyphenol aleli tiye, ngokwemibiko, uphakeme ngezikhathi ezingu-18 kunalezo ze-vithamini E.
Ama-Amino acid: Ukuqukethwe kwama-amino acid akhululekile kungu-4.3%, okuyizinga eliphezulu lamatiye aluhlaza. Ingxenye enkulu itholakala ku-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá’ānjīsuān), onikeza ubumnandi obuyisici, ukugcwala okufana ne-umami ngencasa, kanye nokusebenzisana okuhambisanayo ne-caffeine ‘kokuhlala uqaphile ngobumnene’.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — ingxenye eyinhloko ephaphamisayo, esebenza ngokuhlanganyela ne-L-theanine. Kukhona futhi i-theobromine ne-theophylline.
Amavithamini: Ivithamini C (i-ascorbic acid) — ezintweni zokusebenza ezintsha ukuqukethwe kuphezulu, kuncipha kancane ngenxa yokomiswa ngebhasikidi okuhle. Amavithamini e-B group (B₁, B₂). Ivithamini K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-manganese. Kubhalwa ukuqukethwe kwe-fluoride olusukela ku-200–300 ppm, okusiza ukuqinisa i-enamel yamazinyo. Ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kunikeza ukuba khona kwama-trace elements — i-selenium ne-iodine.
Uwoyela owakhiwe izimbaza: Iphrofayili yephunga yakheka ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa (shāqīng) kanye nokomisa kokugcina ngamalahle. Ama-compound amakhulu akha iphunga ahlanganisa ama-pyrazine (amanothi e-castanea), i-linalool ne-geraniol (amathoni e-flowery).

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (ama-polyphenol angu-31.1%) kunikeza umnyakazo onamandla wokunciphisa ama-free radical, kusekela impilo yeseli futhi kubambezele izinqubo zokuguga ngenxa ye-oxidation.
Umphumela ophaphamisayo ngobumnene: I-caffeine ngokuhlanganyela ne-L-theanine idala isimo sokugxila okuzolile ngaphandle kokukhuphuka nokuwa okukhulu kwamandla, njengoba kwenzeka ngekhofi.
Ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi yobuchopho: I-L-theanine ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwamaza e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo, isivinini sokusabela, nokucabanga okucacile.
Ukusekelwa kokugayeka kokudla: Ama-polyphenol nezinto ezikhamisayo zivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya futhi zenze kube lula ukugaywa kokudla okunamafutha. Ngokwesiko leli tiye liphuzwa emva kokudla.
Ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin asiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-cholesterol enziwe i-oxidized (LDL), asekela ukunwebeka kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi nokulandelwa kancane kwengcindezi yegazi ngokuphuza njalo.
Ukuqiniswa kwe-enamel yamazinyo: Ukuqukethwe kwe-fluoride okungu-200–300 ppm ngokuhlanganyela nokusebenza kwe-antibacterial kwama-catechin (ukucindezelwa kokukhula kwamagciwane abangela izimbobo Streptococcus mutans) kusiza ukuvimbela izimbobo zamazinyo.
Ukusekelwa kwe-metabolism: Ama-catechin ne-caffeine ngokuhlanganyela asebenzisa i-thermogenesis futhi avuselele i-oxidation yamafutha, kusiza ekulondolozeni isisindo esinempilo.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80 °C (amanzi abilayo, apholiswe imizuzu emi-3). Kubalulekile ukuthi lingadluli u-85 °C — ukushisa ngokweqile kubulala i-chlorophyll, kubangele ukuphuzi kwe-soup kanye nokuba khona kwesiphuzo esibi.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml wamanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:50). Ngendlela ye-gongfu — 5 g ku-120 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yokuqala (iyanconywa lapho uqala ukuqonda — ikuvumela ukubuka umphumela ‘wamakhekheba eqhwa andizayo’); i-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — ilungele ukuhlola iphunga. I-Yixing teapot ayinconywa: ubumba olunesikhala lunganciphisa iphunga elinteketekile le-castanea.
Inqubo:
1. Shisa ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi ashisayo, bese uwakhipha.
2. Thela itiye phansi kwesitsha (indlela yokukhipha phansi, 下投法, xiàtóu fǎ).
3. Kwetiye eliluhlaza elithambile ukulihlanza akudingekile. Uma kufisa ungakwazi ukwenza ukuhlambulula ‘okuvusayo’ okusheshayo: thela u-1/3 wethamo lamanzi, unyakazise ingilazi, vumela iqabunga limunce umswakama imizuzwana eyi-10–15 (摇香润茶, yáo xiāng rùn chá), bese ungeza okusele kuze kugcwale.
4. Ukutheleka kokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1–2. Khipha i-soup noma qala ukuphuza, ushiya ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zamanzi esitsheni.
5. Ukutheleka kwesibili nokwesithathu — yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engama-30. I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě esezingeni eliphezulu ingakwazi ukumelana nokuphisa oku-3, igcine iphunga nobumnandi.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě, njengamanye amatiye aluhlaza amaningi athambile, izwela ekungeneni komoya-mpilo, kumswakama nasemaphungeni angafanele. Izimo ezingcono — ukupakishwa okuvalwe kabusha (isikhwama se-vacuum noma ithini lika-tin elivaleke ngokuqinile) ezingeni lokushisa elingu-0–5 °C efrijini. Ngaphambi kokuvula ukupakishwa okuvela efrijini kufanele kuhlale ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni amahora ayi-1–2, kungakavulwa — lokhu kuvimbela ukukhanya komswakama emaqabungeni etiye. Ngemva kokuvula kunconywa ukuthi leli tiye liphuzwe phakathi kwamaviki ama-2–4. Isikhathi sokugcina sonke ekupakishweni okuhlanganisiwe esimeni esifanele — kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-12. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi izingcweti zeluleka ukuba ulinde cishe amaviki amabili ngemva kokukhiqiza ngaphambi kokuzwa okokuqala: ngalesi sikhathi ‘ukushisa’ (火气, huǒqì) kuyaphela, futhi ukunambitheka kuthambe futhi kube mnene.

11. Intengo Nokweqisa:

I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě — itiye elinenani elilinganiselwe lokukhiqiza futhi inobunikazi besifunda obucacile, okubeka intengo yalo ephakeme kakhulu. Itiye lezinga elikhethekile (tèjí) lilinganiselwa ukusuka ku-1200 yuan nge-jīn (500 g) nangaphezulu; amazinga okuqala nawesibili afinyeleleka kakhulu. Izinto eziyinhloko ezinomthelela entengo: isikhathi sokuqoqa (izinto zokusetshenziswa zangaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng zibiza kakhulu), izinga/igreydi, ingxenye yomsebenzi wezandla, kanye nodumo lomkhiqizi.

Indlela yokugwema ukweqisa:

Isimo seqabunga: I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě yangempela inesimo esiyingqayizivele ‘solimi lomjinge’ — izingcezu zetiye eziqondile, eziqinile, ezingashintshwanga, ezinoboya obumhlophe obuningi. Ukweqisa kuvame ukubukeka kungaxegile, ngosayizi ongafanayo kanye nezingcezu eziphukile.
Iphunga: Iphunga lemvelo le-castanea elinamathoni e-flowery — wuphawu olubalulekile. Ukungabi khona kwenothi ye-castanea, iphunga ‘letjani’ noma ukubola kuyinkomba yezinga eliphansi noma ukufakwa ezinye izinto ezivela kwezinye izifunda.
I-soup: Isobala, iluhlaza ngobumnene, ayinakho ukungcola. Ukuba khona ‘kwezinsalela ezindizayo’ kuwuphawu oluhle. I-soup enodaka noma ephuzi ngokumnyama ifakazela izinto ezindala noma ezingenazinga.
Intengo: Isamba esiphansi ngokusolisayo (esingaphansi kuka-300–400 yuan nge-jīn ku-tèjí ekwi-posithi) — cishe isiqinisekiso sokweqisa.
Umthombo: Kunconywa ukuthenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe abanolwazi olusobala ngejografi nosuku lokuvuna. Kusukela ngo-2010 ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buvikelwe yisimo segugu elingabambeki lesifundazwe sase-Anhui.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

Intaba i-Jìngtíngshān, lapho leli tiye likhulela khona, ibizwa nge-‘Poetic Mountain yase-Southern China’ (江南诗山). Imbongi enkulu u-Lǐ Bái yalinikela izinkondlo ezingama-45 futhi ekuhambeni kwayo kwempilo yakhuphuka kuyona izikhathi eziyisikhombisa. Ukuhambela kwayo kokugcina kwaba ngo-761, unyaka ongaphambi kokufa kwayo.
Lapho kuphuzwa engilazini esobala, i-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě idala umbukwane oyingqayizivele: izinwele ezimhlophe zihlukana ezingcezwini zetiye futhi zizungeza emanzini, zikhumbuza amakhekheba eqhwa ehlathini eliluhlaza. Yilo mphumela wokubuka wona owanikeza leli tiye igama layo eliyimbongi.
Igama lentaba i-Jìngtíng ekuqaleni laliyi-Zhāotíng (昭亭), kodwa lashintshwa ngo-266 ngenxa yokwenqatshwa kwegama lomsunguli wobukhosi be-Western Jin — u-Sīmǎ Zhāo. Lesi ngesinye sezibonelo ezidume kakhulu ‘zokwenqatshwa kwamagama’ (避讳, bìhuì) emlandweni wezindawo zase-China.
Ubuchwepheshe ‘Bokuqoqwa Nokucubungula i-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě’ bafakwa ezinhlelweni zokufunda ezisemthethweni zezikhungo eziphakeme zemfundo yetiye ezweni lonke — okuwukuphela kwetiye elivela e-Xuānchéng elihlonishwe ngalolu dumo.
Ukumboza kwehlathi e-Jìngtíngshān kungu-96.3%, okudala isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele: ukukhanya okusakazekile okuningi kanye nomswakama ophakeme ozinzile kuvumela izihlahla zetiye ukuba ziqoqe ama-amino acid ngesikhathi ukwakheka kwama-polyphenol kuhamba kancane — yingakho ubumnandi obuyisici nobumnene baleli tiye.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza Ase-Anhui:

Huangshan Mao Feng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng): Ivela ezingxenyeni zezintaba zase-Huángshān eningizimu ye-Anhui, ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha angu-700–1200. Iqabunga linesimo esigoqeke kancane esine-‘fish-leaf’ ephuzi-yegolide (鱼叶金黄). Iphunga — i-orchid-flowery, elilula neliphakeme kunethoni ye-castanea ye-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě. Ukunambitheka kunobusha obucacile nokuhlanzeka nomzimba ophansi.
Liu An Gua Pian (六安瓜片, Liù’ān Guā Piàn): Ihlukile ngokuthi yenziwa kuphela ngezingqwembe zamaqabunga (ngaphandle kwezimbaza neziqu). Isimo — isicaba, kufana nembewu kazibhelu. Iphunga — elosiwe, lamantongomane, ‘elishisayo’ ngokugqamile. Ukunambitheka kugcwele futhi kucebile. Ngokungafani ne-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě, lapha awukho umphumela wokubuka wezinsalela ezimhlophe.
Taiping Hou Kui (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóu Kuí): Itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu elivela esifundeni sase-Tàipíng (manje okuyisifunda sase-Huángshān). Izingcezu zetiye — zinde (kuze kube ngu-7 cm), ziyizicaba, ezinomklamo oyisici we-net. Iphunga — i-orchid ehlala isikhathi eside. Ngosayizi nesimo — kuphambene ngokuphelele ‘nezilimi zomjinge’ ezincane ze-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě.
Jiuhua Mao Feng (九华毛峰, Jiǔhuá Máo Fēng): Ikhiqizwa eduze nentaba engcwele i-Jiǔhuáshān. Izinga lokuqoqwa nobuchwepheshe busondelene ne-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě, kodwa iphunga linjengezitshalo kakhulu, inothi ye-castanea ayigqamile. Ukuhlotshaniswa kwamasiko — okwe-Buddhist, ngokumelene nobunikazi ‘obuyimbongi’ be-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě.

14. Amazinga Nokuhlukaniswa Kwe-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě:

Izinga elikhethekile (特级, tèjí): Izimbaza eziwodwa kuphela noma izinga ‘imbaza + iqabunga lokuqala elingakavuleki’. Isimo — ‘izilimi zomjinge’ eziqondile, ezincane, ezingenasici. Izinwele eziphuzi ezisagolide zimboza okungenani ama-80% wendawo. Iphunga — i-castanea ekhanyayo enama-orchid athambile. Ukunambitheka — okusha ngokweqile, okunoshukela, nokuphawuleka okuhle kwe-huígān. I-soup — iluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene, isobala. Intengo — kusukela ku-1200 yuan nge-jīn.
Izinga lokuqala (一级, yī jí): Izinga ‘imbaza eyodwa — iqabunga elilodwa’. Izingcezu zetiye ziluhlaza okotshani okucwebezelayo zinoboya. Iphunga — lihlanzekile, lihlala isikhathi eside, i-castanea. Ukunambitheka — okuthambile, okuhambisanayo.
Izinga lesibili (二级, èr jí): Izinga ‘imbaza + amaqabunga amabili aqala ukuvuleka’. Uboya abunakho ukugqama kakhulu. Iphunga — lihlanzekile, kodwa lithambile. Ukunambitheka — okuthambile nokuncipha kwe-huígān.
Izinga lesithathu (三级, sān jí): Amaqabunga avuthiwe ikakhulukazi. Ilungele ukuphuzwa kwansuku zonke nokuhlanganiswa.

Ekuphethweni:

I-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě — itiye elinomlando oyivelakancane: owazalwa emithambekeni ‘yentaba yezimbongi’ edume kakhulu e-Southern China, yadunyiswa ngababhali kusukela ku-Xiè Tiǎo kuya ku-Guō Mòruò, yalahleka yaphinde yavuselelwa. Iphunga layo le-castanea elinama-orchid athambile, ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile okunoshukela nokuhamba kahle kwe-huígān, kanye ‘nomdanso omangalisayo wamakhekheba eqhwa’ engilazini yokuqala kwakha umbono ohlala isikhathi eside. Leli tiye lizoba seduze kubaholi abafuna hhayi nje ukunethezeka ngokunambitheka, kodwa nokujula kwamasiko: ngemuva kwenkomishi ngayinye ye-Jìngtíng Lǜ Xuě kunezinkulungwane ezinhlanu zeminyaka yezinkondlo, izintaba, kanye nobungcweti.