Jīnfúyùcuì

IJīnfúyùcuì (金佛玉翠, jīnfúyùcuì) liyitiye eliluhlaza elidumile elivela esifundeni saseNanchuan (南川区, Nánchuān Qū) sedolobha elibuswa ngqo yi-Chongqing (重庆, Chóngqìng), umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sezindawo eziqadiwe kazwelonke (国家农产品地理标志产品). Igama lihunyushwa ngokuthi “umuhlekazi oluhlaza wentaba yeBuddha Wegolide” futhi lisho intaba engcwele iJīnfóshān (金佛山, Jīnfóshān) — indawo eyi-Gugu Lendalo Lomhlaba le-UNESCO, lapho kunamapulazi amakhulu etiye. Isifunda saseNanchuan sinomlando wokutshalwa kwetiye oyiminyaka engaphezu kuka-1700, kanti luhlobo lwetiye lwe-Jīnfúyùcuì lwakhiwa ngo-1993, luhlanganisa isiko lasendulo letiye lesifunda nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obusha.

1. Kufakwa ngesigaba kanye nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagayeliwe. Ngendlela yokumisa kwe-enzyme, liyi-chaoqing lǜchá (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá) — itiye eliluhlaza eligoswe emgqonyeni.
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseChina; umkhiqizo onesiqinisekiso sezindawo eziqadiwe.
• Imvelaphi: China, idolobha elibuswa ngqo yi-Chongqing (重庆市, Chóngqìng Shì), isifunda saseNanchuan (南川区, Nánchuān Qū). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa izigodi namadolobhana angama-29 esifundeni — kusukela edolobhaneni laseShuijiang (水江镇) empumalanga kuya eToudou (头渡镇) eningizimu, eShentong (神童镇) entshonalanga naseTaipingchang (太平场镇) enyakatho. Umnyombo wokukhiqiza ugxile endaweni enamafu enkungwini esezingeni eliphakeme elingu-750–1200 m ezungeze iphaka lesizwe laseJīnfóshān nendawo yezolimo yezemvelo yaseDaguanyuan (大观园区).
• Izilinganiso zezindawo: Isifunda saseNanchuan — cishe 28°46′–29°30′ N, 106°54′–107°27′ E. Intaba iJīnfóshān — 28°50′–29°20′ N, 107°00′–107°20′ E.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Isifunda saseNanchuan singezinye zezindawo zakudala kunazo zonke zokukhiqiza itiye e-ningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Umlando wetiye lendawo ungahlehlela emuva enkathini yeNtshonalanga Zhou (ngekhulu le-11 kuya kwelesi-8 B.C.): ngokwe-“Huayang Guozhi” (《华阳国志》, “Amarekhodi amazwe aseningizimu yentaba i-Hua”), umbuso wase-Ba wethula ngonyaka itiye phakathi kwezipho enkantolo yamakhosi e-Zhou. Ngenkathi ye-Late Tang (ukuphela kwekhulu lesi-9 — ukuqala kwekhulu le-10), umfundi wetiye u-Mao Wenxi (毛文锡, Máo Wénxī) wabhala encwadini i-“Chapu” (《茶谱》, “Incwadi yetiye”): “Isifunda sase-Fuzhou sikhiqiza itiye lezinhlobo ezintathu, kanti i-binhua yiyona ehamba phambili” — i-Binghua (宾化) lisho iNanchuan yanamuhla. Ngenkathi ye-South Song (ngekhulu le-12), incwadi ethi “Jianyan Zaji” (《建炎杂记》, 1162) ikhuluma nge-“Binghua zaochun” (宾化早春) — “itiye lasentwasahlobo lase-Binghua”, eladuma enhloko-dolobha. I-“Camphu Yetiye” (《茶经》, Lù Yǔ) ka-Lu Yu (陆羽) nayo ibhala ngobukhona bezihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezintabeni zase-Bashan-Xiachuan (巴山峡川), ezihlanganisa nendawo yaseJīnfóshān.

  Esikhathini samanje, iNanchuan idlule emazingeni amaningana entuthuko. Ngo-1939, kwasungulwa i-“Jinfo Tea Company” (金佛茶业公司) lapha. Ngo-1970, iNanchuan yafakwa ohlwini lwamashumi ayikhulu ezifunda ezisekelo zetiye zaseChina; ngo-1980, kwakhiwa imboni yetiye yaseNanchuan. Ngawo-1970–80s, lesifunda saduma ngetiye elibomvu eliyimbumbulu (红碎茶, hóngsuìchá) ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-“Emei” (峨眉牌), owanikwa indondo yegolide embukisweni wama-25 Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokudla owawuse-Geneva kanye nesikhundla somkhiqizo othunyelwayo othunyelwa ngaphandle kokuhlolwa ephothini laseShanghai. Ngo-1979, ngenhlangano yofundiswa wetiye owaziwayo u-Wu Juénóng (吴觉农, Wú Juénóng) kanye noprofesa baseNingizimu-ntshonalanga Yezolimo, kwatholakala izihlahla zetiye zasendle ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili eJīnfóshān, okuqinisekisa isikhundla salesifunda njengenye yezikhungo ezibalulekile zomdabu wetiye.

  Itiye eliluhlaza ngempela le-“Jīnfúyùcuì” lakhiwa ngo-1993 yisiteshi sezobuchwepheshe betiye saseNanchuan (南川茶技站). Kusukela ngo-2005, liwina izikhathi eziyisithupha ilandelana isihloko se-“Amatiye Ayishumi Adumile e-Chongqing” emqhudelwaneni we-“Indondo YaseSanxia” (三峡杯). Ngo-2005, itiye lazuza umklomelo wegolide emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe we-“Huaming Cup” (华茗杯) nokulandela emhlanganweni we-“Federation Cup” (联合会杯) — umqhudelwano wamazwe ngamazwe obandakanya iChina, Japan, South Korea kanye ne-USA. Ngo-2008 — indawo yokuqala phakathi kwabahlanganyeli be-7th “Sanxia Cup” kanye nesihloko se-“Amatiye Ayishumi Adumile e-Chongqing” sesizini yokuqala. Ngo-2010 — umklomelo wegolide we-8th “Sanxia Cup” nezindawo zokuqala ngasikhathi sinye emkhakheni wochwepheshe nakubabukeli. Ngo-2024, iJīnfúyùcuì yaklonyeliswa nge-“Six-Star Special Gold Award” (六星特别金奖) yomqhudelwano wamazwe ngamazwe we-“Dingcheng Tea King” (鼎承茶王赛) emkhakheni wetiye eliluhlaza. Inani lomkhiqizo we-“Jīnfúyùcuì” lilinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-461 zama-yuan.

• Igama: 金 (jīn) — “igolide”; 佛 (fó) — “uBuddha”; 玉 (yù) — “ijada, umuhlekazi”; 翠 (cuì) — “umuhlekazi oluhlaza, umbala oluhlaza”. Igama lihlanganisa ngokobuciko umfanekiso wentaba yeBuddha Wegolide (Jīnfóshān) kanye nesimo setiye — umbala ohlaza okotshani okhanya ngaphakathi weqabunga elomile kanye neziphuzo. Intaba iJīnfóshān yathola igama layo ngenxa yokuthi ekushoneni kwelanga izihlakala zayo zikhanya ngegolide, zikhumbuza ubuddha abakhazimulayo, — umphumela ohlonishwe engomeni yamaSong ethi “Wang Jīnfóshān yao” (《望金佛山谣》): “Jīnfó hé cuìwēi, piāomiǎo yúnxiájiān” (金佛何崔嵬，缥缈云霞间 — “Yeka ubukhulu bentaba yeBuddha Wegolide, ingathi intanta phakathi kwamafu nokusa”).

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: IJīnfúyùcuì — ikhadi lokuvakasha kanye “netiye lomkhiqizo” lesifunda saseNanchuan, elinye lama-“tiye amathathu adumile ase-Chongqing” (重庆三大名茶). Itiye lixhunyaniswa ngokungahlukaniseki nendawo yamasiko yaseJīnfóshān — indawo eyi-Gugu Lendalo Lomhlaba le-UNESCO (ingxenye ye-“South China Karst”, 2014). E-Jīnfóshān kukhula izihlahla zetiye zasendle zasendulo (古茶树, gǔcháshù), esikhulu kunazo zonke, ngokulinganisela kweNyuvesi yaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, esineminyaka engaphezu kwe-1400. Lezi zihlahla ziyizinto eziyingxenye “yezimangaliso ezinhlanu zaseJīnfóshān” (金佛山五绝) kanye noqalo oluyisikwele (方竹), isihlahla semfezi (银杉), i-ginkgo (银杏) kanye nezimbali ze-rhododendron (杜鹃). Itiye lohlobo lwemvelo lwe-“Nanchuan tea” (Camellia nanchuanica H.T. Chang et Xiong) lachazwa njengohlobo lwezitshalo oluzimele nguProfesa Zhang Hongda waseNyuvesi i-Sun Yat-sen futhi lafakwa ku-“Izinsiza Eziyishumi Ezivelele Zezolimo Zezakhi Zofuzo zase-Chongqing”.

  Esikweni lansuku zonke lalesifunda, indawo ekhethekile ithathwa isiko “letiye elimanzi laseNanchuan” (南川打油茶, Nánchuān dǎyóuchá) — isiphuzo esijiyile esenziwe ngetiye eligxotshiwe ngamafutha nezithako, abantu bendawo abasiphuzela amandla futhi basibiza ngokuthi “ganjintang” (干劲汤 — “umdlalo wamandla”).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinsiza:

• Uhlobo / Cultivar: Izitshalo ezisemqoka — Fuding Dabáichá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbáichá) kanye ne-Bayu Tèzǎo (巴渝特早, Bāyú Tèzǎo), zombili ziyizinhlobo eziqokwe kuzwelonke (国家级良种). Njengezinsiza ezingeziwe, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo zemvelo ezinamaqabunga amancane endawo eqenjini le-“Sichuan small leaf” (川小叶群体种, Chuān xiǎoyè qúntǐ zhǒng). I-Fuding Dabáichá luhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu oluhlobo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, oluvelele ngokuhluma kusenesikhathi, uboya obuningi kanye nokuqukatha okuphezulu kwama-amino acid. I-Bayu Tèzǎo luhlobo oluhluma kakhulu lweselesele e-Chongqing, oluvumela ukuvuna ngezinsuku eziyisi-7–10 ngaphambi kwezinye izinhlobo.

• Ukuvunwa: Ukuvuna okuyinhloko — intwasahlobo, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi naphakathi komkhosi we-Qingming (清明, ukuqala kuka-Ephreli). Ukuvunwa kwasentwasahlobo kunikeza izinsiza eziphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yama-amino acid atholakala ebusika. Ukuvunwa kwasehlobo nasekwindla kusetshenziswa ukukhiqiza itiye lezinga eliphansi.

• Izinga lokuvuna: Izinga elikhethekile (特级) — ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa lisanda kuqala ukuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chūzhǎn); izinga lokuqala (一级) — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili; izinga lesibili (二级) — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amathathu.

• Izidingo zezinsiza: Okusha, okufanayo, akukho ukulimala komshini, akukho maqabunga amakhulu navuthiwe. Amazinga ama-polyphenols etiye eqabungeni elisha — okungenani umamitha ngamaphesenti angama-25, ukuqukatha okuhlanzekile kwamanzi — okungenani 47.4%.

4. Indawo kanye nezici zokutshala:

• Isimo sezulu kanye nobuso bomhlaba: Isifunda saseNanchuan sisehlanganisweni seSichuan Basin kanye nethafa laseYunnan-Guizhou, endaweni yomoya oshisayo onemvula eningi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 16.6 °C, imvula yonyaka ephakathi — cishe 1185 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu ngonyaka lidlula ama-200. Kunomehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku, obambezela ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi kuholela ekwandeni kwama-amino acid: izinga lama-amino acid akhululekile emahlumela asentwasahlobo lifinyelela ku-4.0% nangaphezulu. Ukudlondlobala kokukhanya okusabalalisayo (okungaqondile) ngaphezu kwemisebe yelanga eqondile kukhuphula amandla ephunga ne-amino acid ezinsiza.

• Ukuphakama kokutshala: 600–1200 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; umnyombo wokukhiqiza — indawo enamafu enkungwini esezingeni eliphakeme elingu-750–1200 m.

• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi ophuzi ongasawodwa kancane kanye nomhlabathi onsomi (紫色土, zǐsè tǔ) onezinga le-pH 4.5–6.5, onothile ngezinto eziphilayo. Indawo yomnyombo wokukhiqiza iyingxenye yendawo yokuvikela amanzi, lapho kungavunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwemanyolo yamakhemikhali nezibulala-zinambuzane.

• Izici zokutshala: Amasimu etiye asemathambeka entaba iJīnfóshān futhi azungezwe ihlathi lemvelo, okuvikela izinambuzane ngokwebhayoloji futhi kudala imvelo encane eyingqayizivele. Intaba iJīnfóshān iyindawo yokulondoloza izwe kanye ne-Gugu Lendalo Lomhlaba enezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo (izinhlobo ezibhalisiwe ezingaphezu kuka-8,000 zezitshalo nezilwane), okuqinisekisa ngqo ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwezinsiza zetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

IJīnfúyùcuì ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza eligosiwe (炒青, chǎoqīng) ngenhlanganisela yezandla eziphelela. Umjikelezo ophelele unemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe engama-28, okuyingxenye yamagugu angaphili esifunda. Umgomo ojwayelekile: “ukumisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kwagcina ukusha, ukumisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa okuhamba kancane kwakha isimo” (高温快杀锁鲜，低温慢烘塑形). Umswakama wokugcina wetiye — okungenani 6.5%.

1. Ukundlalwa kweqabunga elisha (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng): Izinsiza ezivuniwe zindlalwa ngongqimba oluncane endaweni enomoya ophefumulayo amahora angu-4–6 ukuze kulahlekelwe umswakama ingxenye. Lesi sigaba sinciphisa izinga lama-catechin abucayi futhi lilungiselela iqabunga ukumiswa okushisayo, kunciphisa ubuhlungu futhi kuthuthukise ukuthamba kwencasa.
2. “Ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukumisa ukusebenza kwe-enzyme emshinini wokugaya ngesigubhane ezingeni lokushisa elingu-200–240 °C. Kusetshenziswa umgomo “wokubulala okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha” (高温快杀), okuvumela ukumisa ngokushesha uketshezi nokugcina isimo esisha sezinsiza.
3. Ukugoqa (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukugoqa okulula ngaphansi kwengcindezi emaphakathi imizuzu engu-10–15. Injongo — ukukhipha ijusi yeseli nokunika iqabunga ukuma kokuqala ngaphandle kokucekela phansi isakhiwo ngokweqile.
4. Ukulungisa nokubumba (理条 — lǐtiáo): Ukucubungula ezingeni lokushisa elingu-80–100 °C emshinini okhethekile wokwelula nokuhlela amaqabunga etiye, okwakha isimo “esiqonde futhi esinqeneyo” seJīnfúyùcuì.
5. Ukwakha imvubu encane (做形提毫 — zuòxíng tíháo): Umsebenzi wezandla: umdwebi uhlikihla iqabunga ngezintende zezandla, ekhipha izinwele ezincane ezimhlophe (毫, háo) ebusweni, ezifaka itiye elomile ukukhanya okusakazeke kancane.
6. Ukumisa okokugcina (足干 — zúgān): Ukumisa okuhamba kancane ezingeni eliphansi lokushisa elingu-60–80 °C kuze kube umswakama wokugcina oyi ≤ 6.5%. Ukufudumala isikhathi eside ngomlilo ophansi kuqinisa iphunga lamakhasi e-castanea futhi kuvimbela ukubola ngesikhathi sokugcinwa.
7. Ukuhlunga nokususa ukungcola (整理去杂 — zhěnglǐ qùzá): Ukususa iziqu, iziqephu kanye namafrakshini angajwayelekile, ukuhlukanisa ngezindlela ngosayizi nokufana.

6. Izici zokuzwa:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga etiye aqondile, agoqwe ngokuqinile, anesisindo (紧直重实, jǐnzhí zhòngshí), umbala — uluhlaza okotshani ojulile nokukhanya okunamafutha (绿润, lǜrùn) kanye nemvubu ebonakalayo emhlophe. Isimo — induku eqondile (紧直形, jǐnzhí xíng), ukufana okuphezulu.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga lamakhasi e-castanea (栗香, lìxiāng) elivamile elinamaphuzu ahlanzekile obuhlaza obusha; ezingxenyeni ezikhule ngezintaba kuba khona iphunga “elibandayo” (冷香, lěngxiāng), eliziveza lapho lipholile.
• Iphunga lesiphuzo: Iphunga lamakhasi e-castanea liyabusa futhi liyaqhubeka ngesikhathi sokuphinde kugcotshwe (栗香持久). Emaphuzwini aphezulu — ukusha okuhlanzekile (清香, qīngxiāng) kwetiye eliluhlaza elisha. Iphunga liphakeme, linamandla (高香, gāoxiāng), lingesindayo futhi alinakho ukumanzi okwotshani.
• Incasa: Esindayo, egcwele futhi enomunyu omncane (浓醇, nóngchún) — umuzwa “womzimba” wetiye ongaphezu kwejwayelekile kumatiye aluhlaza. Ukusha nokuphila (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okubangelwa amazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid. Incasa emnandi ehlala isikhathi eside emuva — huígān (回甘, huígān). Ubuhlungu nokubaba kuncane kakhulu.
• Umbala wesiphuzo: Uluhlaza okotshani omncane, okhanyayo futhi ocacile (嫩绿明亮, nèn lǜ míngliàng), uthuthela kokusagwanyana esikugcineni.
• Iqabunga elithelwe (iqabunga elithelwe): Kusagwanyana okuluhlaza, okukhanyayo (黄绿明亮), amahlumela namaqabunga aphelele, alinganayo, anwebekayo, ngokufana okuhle kosayizi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenols (ama-catechin): Amazinga ama-polyphenols etiye emkhiqizweni ophelele — okungenani amaphesenti angama-25. Izakhim ezisemqoka — ama-catechin eqenjini le-EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate), EGC, ECG. Ama-Polyphenols anikeza amandla okulwa nokugugiswa, okusekelayo ngencasa yokubamba futhi akha “umzimba” wesiphuzo. Uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza asezinkangala, izimo zezintaba zaseJīnfóshān ziholela ekuhlobaneni okugqamile kwama-catechin nama-amino acid (isilinganiso esiphansi se-phenol-amino), okuyikho okudala incasa ethambile, egcwele ngaphandle kokubaba okwedlulele.
• Ama-Amino acid: Amazinga ama-amino acid akhululekile — okungenani amaphesenti angu-4.0 (ezinsiza zasentwasahlobo), okungaphezu kakhulu kunesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza (2.0–3.5%). Iningi — L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-cháānjīsuān), enikeza “ubumnandi bomzimba” (甘味) nomuzwa “we-umami”. I-L-theanine futhi inamandla okuthoba acashile, elinganisa umphumela ovuselelayo we-caffeine.
• Amanzi ahlanzekile: Okungenani amaphesenti angama-47.4 — inkomba ekhombisa ukukhishwa okuphezulu nokugcwala kwesiphuzo.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn), i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Amazinga e-caffeine etiyeni elisezintabeni ngokuvamile liphezulu kancane kunamanye asezindaweni eziphansi, ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokukhula.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (i-ascorbic acid) — amazinga ayo eqabungeni elisha letiye aluhlaza aphakeme kakhulu phakathi kokudla, kodwa ingxenye iyalahleka ngenkathi kugcotshwa. Kukhona futhi amavithamini eqenjini B (B₁, B₂), i-vitamin K ne-vitamin E.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluorine, i-phosphorus. Ukuba khona komhlabathi onsomi ozalelwe yintaba-mlilo kucebisa iqabunga letiye ngamaminerali amancane.
• Amafutha abalulekile: Abhekane nokwakheka kwephunga lamakhasi e-castanea; phakathi kwezingxenye ezibalulekile eziphumayo — i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-phenylacetaldehyde ne-pyrazines, ezikhayo ngesikhathi sokugosisa.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

1. Ukusekelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-Catechin — angamanye ama-antioxidant anamandla emvelweni; i-EGCG imelana nama-radical akhululekile futhi isekela ukuvikelwa kwamaseli.
2. Umphumela ovuselelayo noqondise ekunakeni: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza amandla athambile, ahlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphakama nokwehla okukhulu, okujwayelekile kwi-caffeine. I-L-theanine ikhuphula ukugxila nokucaca kombono.
3. Ukusekelwa kokugaya: Ama-Polyphenols etiye eliluhlaza akhuthaza ukukhishwa kwama-enzyme okugaya futhi angadambisa isimo emva kokudla.
4. Ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo nomgudu wegazi: Ukuphuza njalo itiye eliluhlaza kuhlanganiswa nokuthuthuka kwephrofayili ye-lipid: ama-catechin anomthelela ekulawuleni amazinga e-cholesterol.
5. Ukusekelwa kwe-metabolic: Ama-Polyphenols ne-caffeine ngokuhlanganyela kuvusa i-thermogenesis, kusekela umzimba nokwesekela ukuzwa ukulula.
6. Umphumela olwa nebhaktheriya nokuvuvukala: Ama-Catechin akhombisa umsebenzi wokumisa ukukhula kwezilwanyana ezibangela izifo ezithile zomlomo, asekela impilo yezinsini namazinyo.
7. Ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi yengqondo: I-L-theanine ilawula ama-alpha rhythms obuchopho, ikhuthaza isimo sokukhululeka nokugxila.

9. Ukuphuza:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C ekuphekeni okujwayelekile engilazini; 85 °C ekuhlanzweni kokuqala ku-gaiwan (indlela ye-gongfu). Kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ungasisebenzisi amanzi anezinga elingaphezu kuka-90 °C — lokhu kulimaza ukusha futhi kwandise ubuhlungu obukhulu.
• Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ku-150 ml (isilinganiso 1:50) ngendlela yengilazi; amagremu angu-5–6 ku-120 ml ngendlela ye-gongfu ku-gaiwan.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yesilika — inketho enhle yokubuka “umdanso wezimbali” (芽叶竖立, yáyè shùlì): amahlumela amahle amele ngokuma emanzini, akhe isithombe esibukekayo. I-gaiwan emhlophe ye-porcelain — ekwembuleni iphunga nokulawula isikhathi sokwengezwa kwamanzi. I-Yixing teapot — ivunyelwe, kodwa ingahle “igwinye” izinhloko eziphakeme zephunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Ingilazi yesilika (上投法, shàngtóufǎ — indlela yokuthela phezulu): thela amanzi ku-⅓ wevolumu, yeka itiye licwiliswe imizuzu engu-2–3, bese ungeza kuze kube yi-⅞ yento. Yeka imizuzu engu-2–3, ujabulele ukubuka amahlumela amele ngokuma. Ungangeza amanzi kuze kube kathathu.
  4. IGaiwan (igongfu): hlamba kafushane (imizuzwana emi-5) ngamanzi angu-85 °C bese uwakhipha. Ukongeza kwesibili — imizuzwana engama-20, owesithathu nangemva kwalokho — ngokwengeza imizuzwana eyi-10 isikhathi ngasinye. Izikhathi eziyi-4–6.
  5. Amanzi angcono — amanzi asemthonjeni athambile noma ahlungiwe.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Ukupakishwa okuvala ngokuqinile (i-vacuum noma isikhwama esiqinile se-foil esine-valve), ukuvikela iphunga langaphandle, ukukhanya okuqondile nomswakama.
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 0–5 °C (isiqandisi). Ngaphambi kokuvula isikhwama esipholile, kumele silethwe ezingeni lokushisa legumbi, singavuliwe, ukugwema ukugcwala komswakama ebusweni beqabunga.
• Isikhathi sokuphila emaphaketheni angavuliwe uma kugcinwa esiqandisini — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-18. Ngemva kokuvula, kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe phakathi kwamaviki angu-4–6.
• Itiye elisha (新茶) linconywa ukuthi lilinde izinsuku eziyi-7–15 ngemva kokukhiqizwa ngaphambi kokuphuza kokuqala: ngalesi sikhathi kuphuma “umsila womlilo” (火气, huǒqì) osalayo ovela ekugosheni, futhi incasa iba yindilinga ngokwengeziwe.

11. Intengo kanye Neziphambeko:

• Isigaba sentengo kanye nezinto ezakha intengo: Izinga elikhethekile (特级): ama-yuan angu-500–1000 nge-jin (500 g) — ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga eliqala ukuvuleka, iphunga lamakhasi e-castanea elinamandla, imvubu ecacile. Izinga lokuqala (一级): ama-yuan angu-300–500 nge-jin — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili, iphunga elihlanzekile, isiphuzo esikhanyayo. Izinga lesibili (二级): ama-yuan angu-100–300 nge-jin — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amathathu, incasa esindayo nehlala isikhathi, isilinganiso esihle sentengo nekhwalithi. Intengo incike esikhathini sokuvuna (ukuvunwa kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — okubiza kakhulu), ukuphakama kokukhula, ingxenye yomsebenzi wezandla kanye nepulazi elithile.

• Uzivikela kanjani eziphambekweni:

  • Thenga kubahwebi abagunyaziwe ngemininingwane ecacile ngepulazi, isizini nezinga. Ukuba khona kokumaka kwe-geographical indication (地理标志) — indlela ebalulekile.
  • Hlola isimo: IJīnfúyùcuì yangempela — amaqabunga etiye aqondile, aqinile, asindayo anombala oluhlaza omnyama onemvubu emhlophe ebonakalayo. Iziphambeko zivame ukubonakala ngokungenakulingana kobukhulu nobume.
  • Iphunga lamakhasi e-castanea — uphawu lwayo: ukungabikho kwephunga elimsulwa lamakhasi e-castanea noma ukuba khona kokubola, i-acid, noma iphunga lomlilo kubonisa umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephansi noma oyisiphambeko.
  • Isiphuzo kufanele sibe luhlaza okotshani ngokuqinile futhi sicace ngokuphelele; isiphuzo esinolwebu noma esisagwanyana okugqamile kubonisa izinsiza ezindala noma ezingacubungulwa ngendlela efanele.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo (engaphansi kwama-yuan angu-80–100 nge-jin ngezinga lokuqala) cishe isho ukuthi kuthathwe amanye amatiye aluhlaza asezindaweni eziphansi abiza kancane.

12. Amaqiniso Anentshisekelo:

• Entabeni iJīnfóshān kukhula izihlahla zetiye zasendle zasendulo eziyi-17,712, esikhulu kunazo zonke esinobubanzi besiqu esingu-80 cm. Lokhu okwesibili ngobukhulu kwizihlahla zetiye zasendle e-China ngemva kweYunnan. Uhlobo lwemvelo lwe-Camellia nanchuanica H.T. Chang et Xiong (“itiye laseNanchuan”), olwachazwa nguProfesa Zhang Hongda waseNyuvesi i-Sun Yat-sen, luyisizinda esibalulekile semfuza yokukhetha.

• Enkondlweni ehlobene netiye laseNanchuan, kuthiwa: “Damo jin shen jiang shan dian, qiao shi fo fa xian cha yuan” (达摩金身降山巅，巧施佛法现茶园 — “UDamo Wegolide wehlela esicongweni sentaba futhi ngomlingo wenza isivande setiye”). Inganekwane ixhumanisa ukubonakala kwetiye eJīnfóshān nesiko lobuBuddha: ngokwenganekwane, uBodhidharma wenza amahlathi etiye ukuze aphilesa abahluphekayo.

• Umjikelezo ophelele wokukhiqiza uJīnfúyùcuì uhilela imisebenzi engama-28, ehlanganisa ukucubungula ngomshini nomsebenzi wezandla, futhi usohlwini lwamagugu angaphili esifunda.

• INanchuan iyona kuphela indawo eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina lapho kuhlangana khona izimiso zetiye, zoqalo kanye namesipuresi (i-silver fir). Ukuhlanganiswa okuyingqayizivele kwesihlahla setiye esikhulu, uqalo oluyisikwele kanye ne-silver fir kwakha “ibhande eliphilayo” — isimanga sezitshalo, esingenakulinganiswa e-China.

• Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, itiye elibomvu laseNanchuan ngaphansi komkhiqizo we-“Emei” lahlonishwa njengelifana ngeqophelo namatiye ase-Assam aseNdiya futhi lathunyelwa e-United Kingdom, e-USA, e-Singapore, e-Malaysia nase-Germany. Ukushintshela ekukhiqizeni itiye eliluhlaza ngeminyaka yawo-1990 kwaba yisinqumo sokuqamba, okwenza iJīnfúyùcuì ibe umkhiqizo oyinhloko wesifunda.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

• Yongchuan Xiuyá (永川秀芽, Yǒngchuān Xiùyá): Elinye itiye elidlumile lase-Chongqing, elikhiqizwa esifundeni sase-Yongchuan. Lungezohlobo lwe-“hongqing” (烘青, ukumiswa ngomoya oshisayo), ngokungafani neJīnfúyùcuì egxotshiwe. I-Xiuyá inephunga elithambile, eliyizimbali notshani, kanti iJīnfúyùcuì igqamise uphawu lwamakhasi e-castanea kanye “nomzimba osindayo” wesiphuzo.

• Xinyang Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile lesifunda sase-Henan, elinye “lamatiye amakhulu ayishumi ase-China”. IMáojiān itiye eliluhlaza eligxotshiwe elinemvubu eningi nephunga elisha, elifana ncamashi nobhontshisi. IJīnfúyùcuì igqamise uphawu lwamakhasi e-castanea kanye nokunambithka okuqinile, okugcwele (浓醇), kanti iXinyang Máojiān ithambekele ekuthuliseni nasekululeni.

• Mengding Gānlù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Itiye lasendulo lase-Sichuan elisuka eMengding Mountain, elinye lamatiye amadala anamagama e-China. Ukuma okugodiwe, iphunga lezimbali namakhasi e-castanea. Uma kuqhathaniswa neMengding Gānlù, iJīnfúyùcuì inamaqabunga aqonde ngokwengeziwe kanye nokuqukatha okugqamile kwaminerali yezintaba ngenxa yesimo sezintaba ze-karst zaseJīnfóshān.

• Enshi Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Okuwukuphela kommeleli wamatiye aluhlaza aphejiwe ngogesi (蒸青) esifundeni sase-Hubei. IYùlù inombala oluhlaza ojulile nephunga elibabazekayo “lolwandle olusha”, eliyingqayizivele ematiyeni aphejiwe, okuyenza ihluke ngokuphelele kuphrofayili yamakhasi e-castanea, “eyosiwe” yeJīnfúyùcuì.

Ekuphetheni:

IJīnfúyùcuì liyitiye elazalwa ekuhlanganeni kwesiko leminyaka eyinkulungwane nobuchwepheshe besimanje, endaweni yemvelo eyingqayizivele ye-Golden Buddha Mountain. Iphunga layo eliminyene lamakhasi e-castanea, ukugcwala okunamafutha kwencasa kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside kuyenza yaziwe phakathi kwamashumi amatiye aluhlaza esifunda aseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Kumthandi, ilithuba lokujwayelana nesiko letiye lase-Chongqing — isifunda lapho izihlahla zetiye ezinkulu zikhula eduze kwe-silver fir noqalo oluyisikwele, futhi amafu namatshe e-karst kwakha indawo engenakuphindwa noma yikuphi. IJīnfúyùcuì ifaneleka ikakhulukazi kulabo abazisa itiye eliluhlaza hhayi ukulula kwesikhashana, kodwa ukujula, isakhiwo kanye nophawu lwamakhasi e-castanea olukhumbulekayo.