Jīndǐng lǜchá

Jīndǐng lǜchá (金鼎绿茶, Jīndǐng lǜchá) — itiye eliluhlaza elosiweyo lasentabeni ephakeme esiqhingini saseHainan (海南, Hǎinán), likhiqizwa emithambekeni eseningizimu yentaba engcwele iWuzhishan (五指山, Wǔzhǐ Shān) — isiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eHainan (1867 m). Leli yitiye eliluhlaza eliyingqayizivele lasezindaweni ezishisayo: amasimu etiye okuwukuphela kwawo eChina angaliboni iqhwa lasebusika noma ukushisa kwasehlobo, atholakala endaweni enamafu nenkungu yehlathi lemvula elishisayo. Ngenxa yobubanzi bendawo obuphansi (cishe 18°45′ N) ukuvuna kuqala ngoNovemba — itiye linikezwa isicoco esithi “Itiye Lokuqala Lwentwasahlobo YaseShayina” (华夏第一早春茶, Huáxià dìyī zǎochūnchá). Isazi setiye esikhulu uWu Juénóng (吴觉农, Wú Juénóng) sihlole itiye laseWuzhishan ngalamazwi: “Ukunambitheka kufana newayini elimsulwa, iphunga lifana ne-orchid” (味似醇醪，香若芝兰).

1. Isigaba kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingabiliswanga. Ngokwendlela yokuqinisa — itiye eliluhlaza elosiweyo (炒青绿茶, chǎoqīng lǜchá).
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza ezifunda zaseChina; itiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme ezishisayo.
• Imvelaphi: IChina, isifundazwe saseHainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), idolobha iWuzhishan (五指山市, Wǔzhǐshān Shì). Umkhiqizi oyinhloko — iHainan Nongken Tea Group (海垦茶业集团, Hǎikěn Cháyè Jítuán), indlalifa yenkampani yetiye kahulumeni eyasungulwa ngonyaka ka-1960. Isizinda somkhiqizo yitiye lase “Wuzhishan Tea Factory” (五指山茶场), elisendaweni yaseBaoting County (保亭县, Bǎotíng Xiàn), idolobhana iMao’an (毛岸镇), emthambekeni oseningizimu wentaba iWuzhishan. Le nkampani ihlinzeka nge-90% womkhiqizo wetiye lezinga elikhethekile.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 18°45′ N, 109°30′ E (isifunda sentaba iWuzhishan).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: IHainan inomlando wokutshala itiye ongaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ubufakazi bokuqala obulotshiwe ngetiye laseHainan buphawula ngeNkathi Yombuso Omathathu (III CE): encwadini ethi “Tongjun Lu” (《桐君录》), ecashunwe ku “Wu Pu Bencao” (《吴普本草》), kukhulunywa ngesihlahla esiseningizimu esithi “gualu” (瓜芦), okucatshangwa ukuthi yitiye laseHainan elinamacembe amakhulu. Ngesikhathi seMing, umbhalo othi “Qiongtai Zhi” (《琼台志》, 1511, ngesikhathi sikaZhengde) ubhale: “Wonke amatiye esiqhingi aqoqwa ezihlahleni zasendle, okuyiwo adume kakhulu yitiye laseShuiman (水满) emazansi eWuzhishan — izihlahla zinkulu kangangokuba isiqu sibanjwa ngabantu ababili” (树大盈抱，气味清醇). Ngesikhathi seQing, itiye laseShuiman (水满茶, Shuǐmǎn Chá) lanikezwa isikhundla setiye lenkantolo (贡品).

  Umlando wesimanje wezimboni zetiye eHainan uqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950, lapho izinkampani zetiye zikahulumeni zeHainan Nongken (海南农垦) zasungulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe itiye elibomvu elithengiselwa ngaphandle. Ngonyaka ka-1960 kwasungulwa inkampani yokuqala yetiye eHainan — “State Wuzhishan Tea Factory” (国营五指山茶场), egxile etiyeni elibomvu. Itiye elibomvu elakhiqizwa lapha, ngokwenganekwane, lanconywa enkantolo yendlovukazi yaseBrithani. Ngo-1990 inani eliphelele letiye elithengisiwe lezinkampani zikahulumeni zaseHainan lalingaphezu kwamathani angu-40 000, imikhiqizo yayithengiswa emazweni angu-18 emhlabeni wonke — kusukela e-USA nase-UK kuya eSingapore naseNew Zealand.

  Ngawo-1990, ngemva kwenguquko yohlelo lokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe, imboni yetiye yaseHainan yaba nenkinga: imigudu yokuthengisa yancipha, amasimu amaningi ashiywa. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngonyaka ka-2003 lapho inkampani iqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi “Wuzhishan Tea Factory”, futhi itiye eliluhlaza elithi “Jīndǐng Cuìháo” (金鼎翠毫) ngonyaka ofanayo lazuza umklomelo wokuqala emncintiswaneni wezwe wonke i “Zhongcha Bei” (中茶杯), okwaphawula ukuguquka kusuka etiyeni elibomvu kuya kweliluhlaza olusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngonyaka ka-2014 uchungechunge lwe “Jīndǐng” lwaqala ukuboniswa embukisweni wokudla wamazwe omhlaba waseNingbo, lapho ngosuku olulodwa kwathengiswa ama-jin etiye angu-17 000. Ngonyaka ka-2024 amasimu etiye ashintshela ekuphathweni okuhlakaniphile okungamaphesenti angu-80 (smart management), imikhiqizo yathola isitifiketi se-organic se-EU kanye nomklomelo wegolide onezinkanyezi ezinhlanu emncintiswaneni we “Zhongcha Bei”. Ngonyaka ofanayo kwavulwa “Indawo Yesithathu YeJīndǐng” (金鼎第三空间) — indawo yokuphumula namasiko etiye yefomethi entsha, ethuthukisa uphawu lwebhizinisi emkhakheni ophakeme.

• Igama: 金 (jīn) — “igolide, okuyigolide”; 鼎 (dǐng) — “isitsha esinezinyawo ezintathu, uphawu lwezinga eliphakeme nelobuholi”; 绿茶 (lǜchá) — “itiye eliluhlaza”. “Jīndǐng” wuphawu lokuhweba lweHainan Nongken Tea Group, olubhekisa esithombeni sesiqongo (鼎 — “isiqongo, ingqophamlando”), esiqakazwe ukukhanya kwegolide — isingathekiso sentaba iWuzhishan, ekhanyiswe ilanga lasezindaweni ezishisayo.

• Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Jīndǐng lǜchá ngumkhiqizo oyinhloko wokulima itiye eHainan kanye nophawu “lokuvuselelwa okuluhlaza” kwesiqhingi ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yokubusa kwetiye elibomvu elithengisiwe. Amasimu etiye aseWuzhishan azungezwe ihlathi lemvula elishisayo leHainan National Nature Park (海南热带雨林国家公园) — indawo okwamanje efakwa ohlwini lwe-UNESCO World Heritage (ngokuhlanganyela nezindawo zendabuko zabantu bakaLi). Intaba iWuzhishan ingcwele kubantu bomdabu bakwaLi (黎族, Lízú), futhi itiye ngokomlando liyingxenye yesiko lansuku zonke labakwaLi: bathola itiye lasendle elinamacembe amakhulu emahlathini asezintabeni, uLi wasebenzisa njengesiphuzo kanye nokwelapha.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / Umhlwenga: Izitshalo eziyinhloko — iHainan large-leaf (海南大叶种, Hǎinán dàyè zhǒng), iYunnan large-leaf (云南大叶种, Yúnnán dàyè zhǒng), kanye neQilan (奇兰, Qílán). I-Hainan large-leaf iyinhlobo yendabuko yomugqa we-assam (Camellia sinensis var. assamica), ngo-2023 ukulandelana kwezakhi zofuzo kwaqinisekisa isikhundla sayo njengokwehlukahlukana okuzimele. Ihlukaniswa ngamacembe amakhulu, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol (≥ 28%) kanye nekhono lokukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza elicebile, eliminyene. I-Yunnan large-leaf ihlinzeka ngokwengeziwe okuqinile nokuhlala isikhathi eside. I-Qilan iyinhlobo enamacembe amancane enamakha amaningi edabuka eFujian, eletha ekuhlanganiseni amanothi ezimbali nezithelo.

• Ukuvuna: Isici esiyinhloko — ukuvuna kusenesikhathi kakhulu. Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, ukuvuna kokuqala kuqala ngoNovemba, okwenza i-Jīndǐng lǜchá ibe itiye lokuqala lentwasahlobo eChina. Isiqongo sekhwalithi — ngoJanuwari–Mashi, lapho ukuqoqeka kwama-amino acid kuphezulu kakhulu.

• Izinga Lokuvuna: Izinga elikhethekile (特级) — amaqabunga avuleke ngokuphelele noma iqabunga elilodwa elivulekayo elincane; izinga lokuqala (一级) — iqabunga elilodwa elincane; izinga lesibili (二级) — iqabunga elilodwa namacembe amabili.

• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Okusha, okuthambile, okufanayo. Umgomo — “ukuvuna kusenesikhathi, ukuvuna okuthambile” (早采嫩摘, zǎo cǎi nèn zhāi).

4. Indawo Yezulu kanye Nezici Zokulima:

• Isimo sezulu kanye nokuma kwezwe: Isimo sezulu se-monsoon esishisayo esinezici zesimo sezulu esiphakeme. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka — 22.4 °C; umehluko wokushisa usuku nosuku — ngaphezu kuka-12 °C (isici esiyinhloko sokuqongelela izinto ezinamakha nezinambitheka). Imvula yonyaka — 2 200–2 400 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu — ngaphezu kwama-260 ngonyaka, ingxenye yokukhanya okuhlakazekile — ngaphezu kwama-75%. I-Hainan iyona ndawo kuphela e-China lapho amasimu etiye engatholakali khona amakhaza asebusika noma ukushisa kwasehlobo, okuqinisekisa ukukhula unyaka wonke.

• Ubude bendawo: 600–800 m ngaphezu kolwandle — indawo enamafu nenkungu emthambekeni oseningizimu wentaba iWuzhishan.

• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu enesihlabathi ene-asidi encane (沙质红壤, shāzhì hóng rǎng), eyakhiwe emlotheni wentaba-mlilo, ene-pH 4.5–6.0. Okuqukethwe okuphilayo — ≥ 15 g/kg. Inhlabathi inothiswe ngokwemvelo nge-zinc ne-selenium. Amanzi asetshenziswa emasimini — iziphethu zezintaba, ezihambisana nezinga lokuqala lezinga likazwelonke lekhwalithi.

• Izici zokulima: Amasimu etiye ahlanganiswa nezindawo zehlathi lemvula elishisayo (izinga lamahlathi — 86%). Ukuqoqeka kwama-ion amabi emoyeni — ngaphezu kuka-23 000 nge-cm³. Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane enobuthi ayivunyelwe ngokuphelele; ukuvikela kuhlinzekwa yisithiyo sezinto eziphilayo sendawo eshisayo. I-Wuzhishan iyisizinda sezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zaseHainan: lapha kuhlala, phakathi kwezinye, i-Hainan gibbon (enye yezinkawu eziyivelakancane emhlabeni) kanye namakhulu ezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingenakutholakala kwenye indawo, okufakazela ubumsulwa bemvelo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Jīndǐng lǜchá ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe betiye eliluhlaza elosiweyo ngokugcizelela ukugcinwa kwezinwele ezincane (保毫锁香, bǎoháo suǒxiāng — “ukugcina izinwele, ukuvala iphunga”). Ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa ayidluli ku-3 kg/cm², okugcina ukuqina kwezinwele ezincane eziyisiliva emaqabungeni.

1. Ukubeka amaqabunga amasha (鲜叶摊放 — xiānyè tānfàng): Amahora ama-2–3 — mafushane kakhulu kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza, okuchazwa umswakama ophezulu wokuqala wezinto ezisetshenziswa ezishisayo.
2. “Ukubulala okuluhlaza” emgqonyeni (滚筒杀青 — gǔntǒng shāqīng): 120–140 °C — izinga lokushisa liphansi kunamatiye amaningi aluhlaza aosiwe, okuvumela ukugcinwa kobuthambile bezinto ezisetshenziswa ezishisayo ezinamacembe amakhulu nokugwema ukusha kwezinwele.
3. Ukuhlanganisa (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukuhlanganisa okulula ngaphansi kwengcindezi ≤ 3 kg/cm² ukwakha isimo esivamile kanye nokuphuma okuyingxenye kwejusi lwamaseli ngaphandle kokulimaza izinwele.
4. Ukosa nokwakha (炒干做形 — chǎogān zuòxíng): Ngezinga lokushisa elilinganiselwa ku-80 °C epanini — ukunikeza amacembe itiye isimo salo sokugcina (okugobile okuncane — ku “Cuìháo”, okuyinaliti — ku “Máojiān”).
5. Ukomisa kokugcina nokuphakamisa iphunga (提香 — tíxiāng): Ukomisa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa ngo-50 °C kuze kube umswakama wokugcina. Ukufudumeza okuncane isikhathi eside kuqinisa iphunga lama-chestnut.

6. Izimpawu Zezitho Zomzimba:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Izitayela ezimbili eziyinhloko. “Jīndǐng Cuìháo” (金鼎翠毫) — amacembe etiye amancane, agobile, anezinwele eziningi ezenziwe ngesandla. “Gāoxiāng Máojiān” (高香毛尖) — okwenziwe ngomshini, okunanyathelo, okuqondile, njengezinaliti zikaphayini. Umbala — oluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo onokucwebezela okunamafutha kanye nezinwele eziyisiliva (翠绿油润显毫).
• Iphunga lamacembe omile: Iphunga eliqinile lama-chestnut (栗香, lìxiāng) elinemisindo yoju lwezimbali (花蜜香) etiyeni lasentwasahlobo kanye neqabunga le-bamboo (粽叶香) ezingeni elikhethekile. Isici esiyingqayizivele — ukuqina kwephunga “wenkomishi ebandayo” (冷杯留香) okungaphezu kwemizuzu eyi-8.
• Iphunga lamanzi etiye: I-chestnut, ecebile futhi enomsindo (栗香高郁, lìxiāng gāoyù). Umsindo wezimbali noju uvela ekuphuzeni kwesibili noma kwesithathu.
• Ukunambitheka: Okuqinile nokunamafutha (浓醇, nóngchún), nobusha obugqamile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okubangelwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (≥ 3.2%). I-huígān evelele; ubuhlungu nokuphanga kuncane kakhulu.
• Umbala wamanzi etiye: Oluhlaza ophuzi, okhanyayo futhi ocacileyo (黄绿明亮).
• Amacembe etiye achithiwe (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Athambile, afanayo, akha “amabheqephu” (嫩匀成朵), aluhlaza ophuzi, aphilayo futhi amasha.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (ama-Catechin): Okuqukethwe — ≥ 28%. Izinga eliphezulu libangelwa ubunjalo bamacembe amakhulu bezinto ezisetshenziswa (i-Hainan large-leaf iqukethe ama-polyphenol ezingeni lika-35% eqabungeni elisha) kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo esinokukhanya kwelanga okunamandla. Izinto eziyinhloko — EGCG, EGC, ECG.
• Ama-Amino Acid: Okuqukethwe — ≥ 3.2%. Ukuqoqeka kuqinisekiswa ngumehluko omkhulu wokushisa kosuku (> 12 °C) nokugqama kokukhanya okuhlakazekile.
• Ama-Alkaloid: Okuqukethwe kwe-caffeine kungaphezulu ngo-15% kunamatiye aluhlaza asezindaweni eziphansi, okuchazwa isikhathi eside sokukhula ezimweni ezishisayo.
• I-Lutein: 4.7 mg nge-100 g — inani eliphakeme ngeqabunga letiye, elingasiza ekuvikeleni ukubona.
• Amaminerali: I-Zinc, i-selenium (ukuqiniswa okuvela enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo), i-potassium, i-manganese.
• Amavithamini: IVithamini C (okuqukethwe okuphezulu eqabungeni elisha), amavithamini eqembu B, ivithamini K.
• Amafutha Abalulekile: Akha iphrofayili yephunga le-chestnut noju.

8. Izakhiwo Ezinzuzayo:

1. Umthelela ophumelelayo wokubangela amandla: Okuqukethwe okuphakeme kwe-caffeine kuhlanganiswa ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukuvuka okugqamile kodwa okumnene; ngokusho kwemiphumela yocwaningo, ukusebenza kwemetabolism kungaphezulu ngo-30% uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza asezindaweni eziphansi.
2. Umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol etiye laseWuzhishan anciphisa ama-radical amahhala ngokusebenza okuphezulu; imvelaphi yasentabeni ephakeme iqinisa amandla e-antioxidant uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisemazingeni aphansi.
3. Ukusekelwa kokubona: Okuqukethwe kwe-lutein (4.7 mg/100 g) kungasiza ekuvikeleni i-retina emonakalweni wokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezikrini.
4. Ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo: Ama-catechin alawula ukusebenza kwamafutha futhi asekele ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
5. Ukusebenza kwe-metabolism: Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-polyphenol ne-caffeine kugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kokushisa.
6. Umsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane: Ama-polyphenol acindezela amagciwane ayingozi emlonyeni.
7. Ukunothiswa ngamaminerali amancane: Ukuba khona kwemvelo kwe-zinc ne-selenium okuvela enhlabathini yentaba-mlilo kunomthelela ekusekeleni amasosha omzimba.

9. Ukuphuza:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80 °C ukuze kwenziwe ngendlela evamile (amanzi abilayo, aphole imizuzwana engu-90). Kwizinga elikhethekile (翠毫) — 75 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g nge-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50) ngendlela yengilazi; 5 g nge-120 ml ku-gongfu.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi — ukubheka “umdanso wezinaliti zetiye” (amacembe etiye esitayela se “Máojiān” ahamba mpo emanzini). I-gaiwan yobumba elimhlophe — ukuqoqa nokugcina iphunga.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha bese ukhipha amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Ingilazi yengilazi (中投法, zhōngtóufǎ — “indlela yokuthela okuphakathi”): Thela amanzi ku-⅓ womthamo, vumela itiye limanzise imizuzu emi-3, bese wengeza ku-⅞ womthamo. Kungangezwa kuze kube kathathu.
  4. Gaiwan (gongfu): Geza imizuzwana emi-5 ngo-80 °C, bese kuphuzwa okwesibili imizuzwana engama-20, okulandelayo ngakunye +10 imizuzwana. Ukuphuza oku-3–5.
  5. Amanzi afanelekile — amanzi asemthonjeni athambile asezintabeni.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Ukupakishwa okuvalekile okuvikela ekukhanyeni, umswakama namaphunga angaphandle.
• Okuhle kakhulu: 0–5 °C (esiqandisini). Isikhathi sokuphila ekupakishweni okungavulwa — kuze kube izinyanga eziyi-12.
• Ngemva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa ngokushesha okukhulu, ithuba elihle phakathi kwamasonto ama-4–6.
• Ngaphambi kokuvula, isaka elipholile kufanele lilungiswe libe sezingeni lokushisa legumbi, lingavulwa, ukuvikela ukuhwamuka komswakama.
• Kunconywa ukugcina kude nokudla okunephunga elinamandla: itiye eliluhlaza lasezindaweni ezishisayo lithambekele kakhulu ekumukeni amaphunga angaphandle.

11. Intengo kanye Nezinto Ezingamampunge:

• Isigaba sentengo: “Jīndǐng Cuìháo” (特级, eyenziwe ngesandla): 800–1 000 yuan nge-jin — izinga eliphakeme kunawo wonke, iqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvuleka, iphunga eliqinile le-chestnut, izinwele eziningi. Ifaneleka njengetiye lesipho. Izinga lokuqala: 300–500 yuan nge-500 g — iqabunga elilodwa elilodwa, amanzi etiye akhanyayo, ukunambitheka okusha. Izinga lesibili: 100–200 yuan nge-500 g — iqabunga elilodwa namacembe amabili, ifanele ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kanye nokusetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuhlanganiswa nokufakwa emasakeni.

• Uzozigwema kanjani izinto ezingamampunge:

  • Thenga imikhiqizo enophawu “Jīndǐng” (金鼎牌) evela eHainan Nongken Tea Group.
  • Isimo sangaphandle: umbala oluhlaza okotshani ocwebezelayo onezinwele ezivelele, isimo esiminyene nesifanayo. Umbala ofiphele noma ophuzi uphawu lwetiye elidala noma eligcinwe ngendlela engafanele.
  • Iphunga le-chestnut yisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sobuqiniso. Ukungabikho kwephunga le-chestnut elingavamile noma ukuba khona kwephunga elifiphele kukhombisa into engamampunge.
  • Amanzi etiye: aluhlaza ophuzi, akhanyayo, acacileyo. Ukungacaci noma umbala onsundu kuyisignali.
  • Ngenxa yokwaziwa okuncane kwe-Jīndǐng lǜchá ngaphandle kweHainan, ubungozi bokungamampunge buphansi kunamanye amatiye aluhlaza “amakhulu”, kodwa kungabakhona ukushintshwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswa ezishisayo ezisemazingeni aphansi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Jīndǐng lǜchá iyiwona wedwa itiye eliluhlaza eChina elingavunwa ngoNovemba, izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kwanoma yimaphi ama-analogue ezwekazi. Leli “tiye lentwasahlobo” lifika emashalofini aseBeijing lapho izihlahla zetiye ezweni lonke zisalele ubusika.

• Itiye elibomvu, elakhiqizwa eWuzhishan Tea Factory ngeminyaka yama-1960–80, ngokwenganekwane, laliyi “oda lomngane” lomndeni wasebukhosini waseBrithani. Kuze kube ngo-1990, inani lokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe lezinkampani zikahulumeni zaseHainan lalingaphezu kwama-40 000 amathani etiye, okwenza ukuthi umbuso uthole ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-70 ze-yuan yemali yangaphandle.

• Itiye laseHainan elinamacembe amakhulu (Camellia sinensis var. assamica, inani labantu baseHainan) liye labonwa njengokuhlukahluka okuzimele ngemiphumela yokulandelana kofuzo lonke lwango-2023. Umlando walo uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-1 500, futhi okuqukethwe kwama-polyphenol ezitshalweni zasendle kufinyelela ku-35–42%, kanti i-caffeine ize ifike ku-6%.

• Amasimu e “Jīndǐng” atholakala ngaphakathi kwesithiyo semvelo sehlathi lemvula elishisayo nokuqoqeka kwama-ion amabi emoyeni okungaphezu kuka-23 000 nge-cm³ — inani elingaphezu kwezinga “lomoya wokwelapha” (ngaphezu kuka-2 000 nge-cm³). Le ndawo ayigcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ubumsulwa obuphilayo betiye, kodwa futhi yakha amava ayingqayizivele kubavakashi betiye: inkampani ye “Jīndǐng” ithuthukisa ifomethi “yendawo yesithathu yetiye” (茶文化体验店) enokunambitha okwenziwa ngemuva kwehlathi elishisayo.

• U-Academician u-Chén Zōngmào (陈宗懋, Chén Zōngmào), usosayensi wetiye ohamba phambili eChina futhi oyilungu le-Chinese Academy of Engineering, uchaze uhlobo lwe-Hainan large-leaf ngokuthi “izinto ezisetshenziswa eziphakeme zetiye elibomvu” (极品原料), kodwa ukuguquka ekukhiqizeni itiye eliluhlaza kusukela ngonyaka wezi-2000 kwabonisa ukuthi lolu hlobo lungakhiqiza amatiye aluhlaza ngokujula nokuminyana okungalindelekile.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza Ezindaweni Ezishisayo Naseziqhingini:

• Báishā Lǜchá (白沙绿茶, Báishā Lǜchá): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza elidumile laseHainan, elikhiqizwa esifundeni saseBaisha enhlabathini yomgodi wentaba-mlilo eneminyaka engu-700 000 ubudala. I-Báishā Lǜchá inephrofayili ethambile, “enamaminerali” ngenxa yokwakheka komhlaba okuyingqayizivele, kuyilapho i-Jīndǐng lǜchá iyindawo eminyene, ene-chestnut futhi “esindayo” ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziswa ezinamacembe amakhulu nobuchwepheshe bokosa.

• Shuǐmǎn Chá (水满茶, Shuǐmǎn Chá): Itiye lasendle elingokomlando lase-Wuzhishan, elaziwa ngesikhathi seQing. I-Shuǐmǎn Chá ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezisetshenziswa ezinamacembe amakhulu zaseHainan ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko; amanzi etiye ahlukaniswa ngokuqina okunamandla kokuphuza kanye nesimilo esijulile, esiphanga kancane. I-Jīndǐng lǜchá “ingane yakhe ephucuzekile”, ecutshungulwe ngemishini yesimanje futhi enokunambitheka okucijile kakhudlwana.

• Táiwān Jiānchá (台灣煎茶, Táiwān Jiānchá): Itiye eliluhlaza eliphekiwe ngesitayela saseJapan elisuka eTaiwan. Ubuchwepheshe obuhluke ngokuphelele (umusi esikhundleni sokosa) bunikeza iphrofayili “yasolwandle”, enobuthi, ephikisana nesimo se-chestnut noju se-Jīndǐng lǜchá.

• Déhóng Gǔshù Lǜchá (德宏古树绿茶): Itiye eliluhlaza laseYunnan elivela ezihlahleni ezindala zohlobo lwamacembe amakhulu. Ukufana — izinto ezisetshenziswa ezinamacembe amakhulu “nomzimba ominyene” wamanzi etiye; umehluko — itiye laseYunnan linobumnandi obugqamile be-ju nezimbali kanye “nobumsulwa basendle”, kuyilapho i-Jīndǐng lǜchá ithambekele kwithoni le-chestnut elimsulwa.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Jīndǐng lǜchá — itiye eliyindida: imvelaphi yasezindaweni ezishisayo, kubonakala sengathi, iphikisana nenjongo yakudala “yetiye eliluhlaza lasentabeni enenkungu”, nokho inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yobubanzi obuphansi nobude obuphawulekayo, inhlabathi yentaba-mlilo kanye nokumboza kwamafu kwehlathi lemvula elishisayo kwakha indawo engenakulinganiswa emhlabeni wonke wokulima itiye. Iphunga layo eliminyene le-chestnut, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, kanye nokuvuna okuqala ngesikhathi esiphawulekayo kwenza kube ukungezelelwa okubalulekile kuphawu lwamatiye aluhlaza aseChina — ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna ukujula nokuqina okungenakutholakala ezinhlotsheni zakudala ezinamacembe amancane. I-Jīndǐng yizwi lehlathi lemvula, elifakwe enkomishini.