Jīndǐng hóngchá · new.thetea.app

I-Jīndǐng hóngchá iyitiye elibomvu elisemngceleni oseningizimu weNtaba i-Wuzhishan (五指山, Wǔzhǐ Shān) esiqhingini sase-Hainan, elinye lamalungu aphawuleka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwetiye elibomvu laseChayina elisendaweni eshisayo. Ikhiqizwa ipulazi lezitshalo zetiye i-Jinjiang (金江农场茶场) — okuyifemu yangaphambili yombuso yase-Wuzhishan yetiye, ipulazi lokuqala elikhethekile lezitshalo zetiye kanye nokukhiqizwa kwetiye okokuqala okuqinisekisiwe ngokwezimo zemvelo e-Hainan. Isici sayo esiyigugu — ‘uketshezi oluwuju, iphunga lobisi noluju’ (琥珀汤、奶蜜香, hǔpò tāng, nǎimì xiāng).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomdabu:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseChayina (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidation ephelele.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lase-Hainan. I-Jīndǐng ingomunye wamabhrendi ahamba phambili ngaphansi kwebhrendi eyisambulela ‘Wuzhishan hóngchá’ (五指山红茶), eyathola isimo sokukhombisa ngokwezindawo (GI) ngo-2015. Ikhiqizwa kokubili njengeqabunga letiye elijwayelekile (功夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá) kanye nangefomethi ye-CTC granule eyenzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Umdabu: IChayina, isifundazwe sase-Hainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), umasipala wedolobha i-Wuzhishan (五指山市, Wǔzhǐshān Shì), umthambeka oseningizimu weNtaba i-Wuzhishan, indawo yepulazi i-Jinjiang (金江农场). I-Wuzhishan iyisiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu esiqhingini sase-Hainan (1867 m) futhi iyisikhungo selinye lamahlathi amakhulu emvula aseChayina, elihlanganiswe neHainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (海南热带雨林国家公园).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe 18°47′ N, 109°30′ E (indawo yepulazi i-Jinjiang, umthambeka oseningizimu we-Wuzhishan).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isiko letiye lase-Hainan lim-suka emandulo: kusukela ngesikhathi se-Song (960–1279) imbongi u-Su Dongpo (苏东坡) wachaza izitshalo zendawo emibhalweni yakhe yokudingiselwa esiqhingini. Ngesikhathi se-Ming (1368–1644), itiye lasendle elivela endaweni yase-Wuzhishan — ‘Shuǐmǎn chá’ (水满茶, Shuǐmǎn chá, ‘itiye lamanzi agcwele’) — lase lithunyelwa enkantolo njenge-‘ntela yezilwandle zaseningizimu’. Igama elithi ‘Shuǐmǎn’ lisuka olimini lwabantu bakwa-Li (黎族) futhi lisho ‘okwasendulo’ noma ‘okuphakeme kakhulu’. Ngesikhathi se-Qing, i-Shuǐmǎn chá yaqhubeka nesimo ‘somnikelo waseningizimu’ (南荒贡品). Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwetiye elibomvu e-Hainan kwaqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1950: ngo-1959 kwasungulwa izisekelo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kusetshenziswa ingxubevange yamaqabunga amakhulu yendawo kanye nezimo zama-assam ezathathwa e-Yunnan. Ngawo-1960, emthambekeni oseningizimu we-Wuzhishan kwasungulwa ipulazi letiye lomphakathi i-Tongshi (国营通什茶场) — okuyifemu ye-Jinjiang yesikhathi esizayo, — eyaba yibhizinisi lokuqala lobuchwepheshe letiye esiqhingini. Ngo-1965, indawo yamasimu amasha etiye e-Hainan yafinyelela ku-10,000 mu (cishe 667 ha), umkhiqizo wonyaka waba ngamathani angama-350 womswenko. Ngesikhathi sokuchuma (ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1990) isiqhingi sasinamapulazi angaphezu kwama-50 (kwangu-37 kugcina okuhlangene), ama-12,000 mu kanye nomkhiqizo wonyaka ongamathani angama-8,000. Itiye elibomvu lase-Hainan laliyithunyelwa kakhulu e-Europe naseMelika ngaphansi kwebhrendi ‘Yuanhang’ (远航, ‘Uhambo Olukude’), igama elavunywa ngokwakhe nguPhungamphala Zhou Enlai. Ibhrendi ‘Jīndǐng’ (金鼎) yaqala ukubonakala njengebhrendi yepulazi i-Jinjiang. Isikhathi samanje siphawulwe ngezimpumelelo eziningi: ngo-2003 i-Jinjiang yaba yipulazi lokuqala e-Hainan ukuthola ukuqinisekiswa kwezokulima ngokwemvelo; ngo-2012 itiye elibomvu le-‘Jīndǐng’ lazuza umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni we-‘Guóyǐn Bēi’ (国饮杯, ‘Indebe Yesiphuzo Sikazwelonke’); ngo-2015 i-‘Wuzhishan hóngchá’ yathola isimo sikaHulumeni sokukhombisa ngokwezindawo (GI) yemikhiqizo yezolimo; ngo-2020 yafakwa ohlwini lwama-GI asaqashelwana ngawo yi-EU kanye neChayina; ngo-2022 iqoqo le-Jīndǐng lathola amaphuzu angu-93.55 futhi lazuza ukuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi ezinhlanu yi-Chinese Tea Society (中国茶叶学会). Isazi esikhulu u-Chen Zongmao (陈宗懋) — obengumsunguli wesayensi yetiye yaseChayina — uncome kakhulu i-Jīndǐng, efaka isandla salo ngombhalo othi ‘Jīndǐng hóngchá, yīzhī dúxiù’ (金鼎红茶，一枝独秀 — ‘I-Jīndǐng imbali eme yodwa’).
Igama: I-Jīndǐng (金鼎) ngokuqondile isho ‘umkhonto wegolide,’ uphawu lobukhulu nokuqina esikweni lamaChayina; i-Hóngchá (红茶) — itiye elibomvu. Igama liwumkhiqizo obhaliwe wepulazi i-Jinjiang.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Wuzhishan iyintaba engcwele yabantu bakwa-Li, abahlala enkabeni ye-Hainan, futhi ingumfanekiso waso sonke isiqhingi. Abantu basekuhlaleni abangama-Li kanye nama-Miao (苗族) bebelokhu bebuthela itiye lasendle emahlathini ezintaba emandulo ngezinjongo zokwelapha: basebenzisa umhluzu wamaqabunga ukuvikela umkhuhlane, ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kanye nokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwesisu. Itiye elibomvu elivela kule ndawo ukuphela kwalo eChayina, elihlanganisa isimo sezulu esishisayo esinongqimba ophansi, ukuphakama okukhulu kanye nesimo sezulu sasolwandle, okunika uphawu oluhlukile lokunambitha nokuhogela. Ngo-2017 kwasungulwa umkhosi waminyaka yonke ‘Itiye Lokuqala Lasentwasahlobo LaseChayina’ (中国·五指山第一早春茶), okhuthaza i-Wuzhishan hóngchá njengomkhiqizo wokuvakasha osemqoka. Iqiniso lokuthi esikhungweni sezifundo zetiye sase-Hainan kunesiteshi se-Chen Zongmao lifaka isisindo sesayensi ebhrendini.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Inhlobo / Umkhungo: Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko — ingxubevange yamaqabunga amakhulu ase-Hainan (海南大叶种, Hǎinán dàyè zhǒng), Camellia sinensis var. assamica kanye nezimo eziphusile nayo, kuhlanganise nezihlahla zasendle ezitholakala endaweni yase-Wuzhishan (ezinye zinesiqu esidinga abantu abathathu ukuze zihlangane, futhi zifinyelele ku-25 m ukuphakama). Kusetshenziswa nezimo ezathathwa e-Yunnan kusukela ngeminyaka yama-1950 kuya kowe-1960. Imikhungo yamaqabunga amakhulu ase-Hainan ibonakala ngamahlumela aminyene, anenyama kanye nokumelana okuphezulu nokuthamba (持嫩性), okufanele ukukhiqiza itiye elibomvu: okuphakeme kwe-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) kanye namanye ama-catechin a-e-esterified kuqinisekisa ukuguqulwa nge-enzyme kuyi-theaflavin ne-thearubigin.
Ukuvuna: Kunyaka wonke; ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, izihlahlana zetiye zihlala zikhula cishe ngokuqhubekayo. Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (kusukela ngoFebhuwari) — ukungena kokuqala kakhulu eChayina; yikho lokhu okuyisisekelo somqondo ‘wetiye lokuqala lasentwasahlobo.’ Ukuvuna kwehlobo nasekwindla nakho kuyenzeka, noma amaqoqwana entwasahlobo abaluleke kakhulu.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Kwetiye lamaqabunga (功夫红茶): 1 hlumela + 1 iqabunga noma 1 hlumela + amaqabunga amabili esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka. Kuma-granule e-CTC: 1 hlumela + amaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu. Emaqoqweni asezingeni eliphezulu kusetshenziswa ama-hlumela angawodwa noma ihlumela elilele neqabunga elilodwa kuphela.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela kumele abe masha, akhuluphele futhi angonakaliswanga; izinto zamaqabunga amakhulu zidinga ukulethwa ngokushesha efemini ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwama-enzyme e-oxidase ngaphansi kokushisa kwezindawo ezishisayo.

4. Indawo Yendawo (Terroir) kanye Nezici Zokukhula:

Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: 600–800 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, endaweni enamafu ezintabeni emthambekeni oseningizimu we-Wuzhishan.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sasolwandle esishisayo esihlangene nesimo sezulu sehlathi lamafu. Ubukhulu bokushisa obuphakathi konyaka: 22–24 °C; ubusika obunomswakama ngaphandle kwesithwathwa nangaphandle kwemithelela yeziphepho (ukuhlanganiswa kwezintaba kunciphisa amandla azo). Ubufu — izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-200 ngonyaka, okudala ukukhanya okusakazekile, okunomthelela omuhle ekuqoqweni kwe-chlorophyll b kanye nezandulelo zephunga.
Imvula: Ngaphezu kwe-2500 mm ngonyaka, kunesikhathi esimanzi esivelelayo; umswakama ophezulu unyaka wonke.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu yezitini ye-lateritic (砖红壤, zhuānhóng rǎng), elula, ene-gravel, enothe nge-aluminium ne-iron. Ungqimba olujulile oluvundile lwe-humus lwakhiwa ngokujikeleza okuqinile kwezinto eziphilayo ehlathini lamafu — ukuwa kweqabunga okuningi kuqinisekisa ukutholakala okuqhubekayo kwezinto eziphilayo. Ukusabela kune-asidi (pH 4.5–5.5).
Izici: Indawo iyingxenye noma iseduze ne-Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park — ipaki yokuqala yezwe yamahlathi lamafu eChayina, — ukugoqeka kwehlathi endaweni kungaphezu kwe-80%. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kuhlukile: izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingaphezu kwezingu-3,800, phakathi kwazo i-hainan gibbon (海南长臂猿) — enye yezinkawu eziyingqayizivele kakhulu emhlabeni. Amasimu etiye akhiwe endaweni enamafu ezintaba (云雾带), ehlala eduze nezihlahla zendabuko ezishisayo, okunikeza ‘umqamelo oluhlaza’ wemvelo, ukuhlungwa komoya kanye nokungabikho kwesidingo sokubulala izinambuzane ngamakhemikhali. Ubufu obusezingeni eliphezulu budala indlela ekahle yokukhanya okusakazekile: i-ultraviolet kanye nespectrum eluhlaza-nsomvu kungena ngokukhululekile, kugqugquzela ukuhlanganiswa kwezandulelo zephunga ne-chlorophyll b, kuyilapho ukukhanya okwedlulele okubomvu ne-infrared kumunczwa yisembozo samafu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Jīndǐng hóngchá ikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: iqabunga letiye elibomvu elijwayelekile (功夫红茶) kanye nama-granule e-CTC. Emaqoqweni aphezulu, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusondelene ne-gōngfū hóngchá yakudala, ngokubumba ngesandla kanye nokomisa ngezinga eliphansi lokushisa.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ngesandla — kwetiye lamaqabunga; ngemishini — kwe-CTC enkulu.
Ukwomisa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Ukubeka amaqabunga kuma-pallet e-bamboo noma emishinini ewomisayo. Isikhathi: amahora angu-12 kuya kwangu-24 (kuya ngomswakama womoya); umswakama wamaqabunga uncipha ufinyelele ku-60–62%.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kwetiye lamaqabunga — ukusonga ngomshini ngezikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 zemizuzu engu-30 ngokuhlukanisa izigaxa phakathi nendawo. Kwi-CTC — ukudlula kuma-rotorvane (Crush-Tear-Curl), akhiqiza ama-granule amancane afanayo.
I-Oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Egumbini elikhethekile elinokushisa nomswakama okulawulwayo; ubude besikhathi buya ngohlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nephrofayili ekujoliswe kuyo. Izinto zamaqabunga amakhulu asendaweni eshisayo ziyavuthwa ngokushesha kunamaqabunga aphakathi asezindaweni ezipholile.
Ukulungisa (干燥, gānzào): Izigaba ezimbili: ukushisisa kokuqala (毛火) ukumisa i-oxidation, bese kupholile (摊凉, tānliáng) kanye nokwomisa okwesibili (二烘), ukupholisa futhi kanye nokuhlanganisa okokugcina (足火). Emaqoqweni aphezulu kugxilwe ekumeni kancane kwezinga eliphansi lokushisa (低温慢烘), okugcina izinhlanganisela ezintekenteke zephunga.
Ukuhlunga nokupakisha (筛分—装箱, shāifēn—zhuāngxiāng): Ukuhlukaniswa ngamafragma (itiye lamaqabunga, elaphukile, okuhlanzelwe, uthuli) — ‘izimbali’ ezine ezijwayelekile (花色): amaqabunga (叶茶), aphukile (碎茶), amapuleti (片茶), impuphu (末茶).

6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha Nokuhogela:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonga okuqinile, okuhlangene; iqabunga likhuluphele futhi linenwebayo (肥硕), limnyama ngokunsundu ngokukhanya okunamafutha (棕褐油润); emabangeni aphakeme kuyabonakala ama-tip amnyama esagolide.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lithambile, eligoqayo, elinamanothi abonakalayo obisi noluju (奶蜜香) — ‘isiginesha’ esibonakalayo setiye elibomvu lase-Wuzhishan. Ezingeni elilandelayo — imibala emincane ye-cocoa nezithelo ezomisiwe.
Iphunga loketshezi (umhluzu): Linezendlalelo eziningi: amanothi aphambili — uju olunokhilimu nephizi oluncibilikile; irejista ephakathi — izithelo ezivuthiwe zasezindaweni ezishisayo (i-litchi, ipapaya); ngaphansi — ubumnandi obufudumele bezinkuni. Iphunga lizinze, livela kancane kancane kusukela emhluzwini kuya komunye.
Ukunambitheka: Okumnandi, okuthambile nokugoqayo (甜醇爽滑); umzimba ogcwele, ngaphandle kwentengu ephawulekayo; ekunambithekeni okusemva — ukubuya okuqinile koju (回甘). Umuzwa wokugcwala kanye nokuthungwa ‘okushelelayo’ olimini — umphumela wokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-thearubigin.
Umbala womhluzu: Obomvu-owuju (红琥珀色), ohlanzekile, obala futhi okhanyayo; emabangeni aphakeme — unesondo elibonakalayo lesagolide.
I-ground yeqabunga (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Kukhuluphele, kuthambile, kubomvu ngokugqamile (肥软红亮); amaqabunga avuleka ngokuphelele, ekhombisa ukuhleleka kwenhlama yezinto zamaqabunga amakhulu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol: Etiyeni eseliphelele — ≥ 10% (ngokomgomo we-GI). Uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu asendaweni eshisayo ekuqaleni lunothe nge-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG ne-ECG); ngesikhathi se-oxidation ziguquleka kahle zibe yi-theaflavin (≥ 0.1% etiyeni eseliphelele) ne-thearubigin (≥ 2.5%), okunikeza ukujula kombala nokubushelela.
Ama-Amino acid: Ama-amino acid akhululekile — > 1.5%; i-L-theanine inegalelo elikhulu ekuthambeni nasebumnandini bokunambitha.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — ≥ 2%; i-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngezilinganiso ezincane.
Ukukhishwa kwamanzi (水浸出物): ≥ 34%, okubonisa ukugcwala okuphezulu nokukhishwa komhluzu.
Amaminerali: Amatiye ase-Wuzhishan aphawuleka ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-cobalt (Co) ne-molybdenum (Mo), kanye nokunotha okujwayelekile kwezinto eziyimvelo, okudalwa yinhlabathi ye-lateritic yasemahlathini amafu.
Amavithamini: B₁, B₂, C (igcinwe kancane), E, P (rutin).
Isici esikhethekile: Isilinganiso sama-polyphenol kuya kuma-amino acid (酚/氨比) ezinhlotsheni zamaqabunga amakhulu asendaweni eshisayo siphezulu kunalezo zamaqabunga amancane asenyakatho — lokhu kwenza izinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Hainan zifaneleke ngokukhethekile itiye elibomvu, lapho i-oxidation eqinile ‘yembula’ amandla ama-polyphenol.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukuqabula nokuvusa amandla: I-caffeine ngokubambisana ne-L-theanine inikeza umphumela oqabulayo, ozinzile ngaphandle kokungazinzi; ifaneleka emasikweni asekuseni.
Ukuvikelwa nge-antioxidant: I-Theaflavin ne-thearubigin — amandla amakhulu okubamba ama-radical akhululekile, asekela ukuvikelwa kwamaseli.
Ukugaya okuphumelelayo: Itiye elibomvu nge-oxidation ephelele lithambile olwelweni lwamathumbu; umhluzu ofudumele ngemva kokudla unconywa ngokwesiko ukwenza ngcono ukugaya.
Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-flavonoid etiye elibomvu anegalelo ekusekeleni ukunwebeka kwemithambo; ucwaningo lubonisa ukuhlotshaniswa kokusetshenziswa kwetiye elibomvu njalo nokuncipha kwengozi yezigameko zenhliziyo nemithambo.
Ukuqinisa amathambo: Amaminerali (i-manganese, i-fluoride, i-calcium) asekela izicubu zamathambo ngokusetshenziswa okulingene.
Ukufudumeza ngezikhathi ezibandayo: Itiye elibomvu — isiphuzo ‘esifudumele’ ngokohlelo lwemfundiso yokudla lwendabuko lwamaChayina; lufaneleka ikakhulukazi ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukusekela amasotsha omzimba: Isiko lezokwelapha lendabuko labantu bakwa-Li nabakwa-Miao linika itiye elivela endaweni yase-Wuzhishan izakhiwo zokunciphisa umkhuhlane nezokuqinisa umzimba.

9. Ukuphekwa Kwetiye:

Ukushisa kwamanzi: 90–95 °C emaqoqweni ajwayelekile amaqabunga; 85–90 °C emabangeni entekenteke angama-hlumela angawodwa.
Isilinganiso setiye: 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml (gōngfū); 2–3 g nge-200–250 ml (ukugxilisa).
Isitsha: I-gàiwan (盖碗) yobumba noma iketela lobumba eliyi-100–120 ml — yindlela ekahle, evumela ukuveza iphunga lobisi noluju; igqubu lengilazi ukuze kujatshulelwe ukubukeka koketshezi oluwuju.
Inqubo:
1. Futhumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese ukhipha amanzi.
2. Thela itiye bese ulivumela ‘ukuba liphefumule’ ku-gàiwan efudumele imizuzwana emi-5–10.
3. Ukuhlanza — ukukhipha ngokushesha imizuzwana emi-2–3 (uma uthanda; emabangeni entekenteke kungadlalwa).
4. Ukukhipha kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-8–10, khipha.
5. Ukukhipha okulandelayo: engeza ukubekwa ngemizuzwana emi-5.
6. Isiqondiso: ukukhipha okuyi-5 kuya kwezi-7; izinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu ziba namandla okuhlala.
Okunye: I-Jīndǐng isebenza kahle nangendlela ‘yasentshonalanga’ — ngokufaka ubisi noma ubisi olujiyile ngokwesiko lase-Hainan le-‘láobà chá’ (老爸茶), kanye nanjenge tíye nolamula.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isitsha esingenamoya nesingacacanga; ukugcinwa endaweni eyomile, epholile (10–25 °C), kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile namaphunga angaphandle. Umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kwe-60%. Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga eziyi-12–18. Ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan, ukugcinwa kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile emswakameni; kunconywa ukupakisha nge-vacuum noma ngezikhwama ze-foil ezine-absorbent yomswakama.

11. Intengo kanye Namapholisi:

Intengo ye-Jīndǐng hóngchá iyahluka kusukela ezingeni eliphansi (ama-granule e-CTC akhiqizwa ngobuningi) kuya kweliphezulu (amaqoqo aphezulu amaqabunga avela kumahlumela angawodwa noma kumahlumela aneqabunga elilodwa, ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo, ukuqinisekiswa kwezokulima ngokwemvelo). Izinto ezithinta ukubeka intengo: izinga lezinto ezingavuthiwe, isikhathi, indlela yokwenza (ngesandla/ngomshini), ukutholakala kokuqinisekiswa kwezokulima ngokwemvelo kanye nesimo se-GI.

Ungawagwema kanjani amapholisi:
1. Cela ubufakazi bomdabu: i-Jīndǐng yangempela ikhiqizwa ipulazi i-Jinjiang (Hǎinán Nóngyuán Jīnjiāng Cháchǎng) endaweni yase-Wuzhishan; ibhrendi ‘Jīndǐng’ (金鼎) iwumkhiqizo obhaliwe.
2. Iphunga elibonakalayo ‘lobisi noluju’ — umaka oyinhloko wetiye elibomvu lase-Wuzhishan; ukungabi khona kwalo noma ukushintshwa kwalo ngeprofayili ‘ejwayelekile’ yezithelo kubonisa omunye umdabu.
3. Umhluzu kufanele ube-owuju-obomvu, obala; ukungabashashi noma umbala ongcolile — uphawu lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezingekho emthethweni noma ukuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe.
4. I-ground yeqabunga kumele ibe khuluphele, ithambe futhi ibomvu ngokugqamile; amaqabunga aqinile, amancane noma ansundu ngokumnyama akhuluma ngokushintshwa ngamaqabunga amancane noma izinto ezindala.
5. Amatiye ase-Wuzhishan anesimo se-GI esiqinisekisiwe asesahlolisiswanga izinsalela zokubulala izinambuzane ngokwamazinga e-EU — cela isitifiketi kumthengisi.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

I-Wuzhishan hóngchá ukuphela kwetiye elibomvu eChayina, elihlanganisa isimo sezulu esishisayo esinongqimba ophansi (18° N), ukuphakama okukhulu (600–800 m) kanye nesimo sezulu esisogwini lwesimo sasezilwandle. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yinto eyingqayizivele kwezezitshalo phakathi kwetiye yaseChayina.
UPhungamphala Zhou Enlai wavuma ngokwakhe igama elithi ‘Yuanhang’ (远航, ‘Uhambo Olukude’) ukwenzela itiye elibomvu lase-Hainan elalithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe — enye yamabhrendi atiye aphumelele kakhulu e-PRC maphakathi nekhulu lama-20.
Isazi esikhulu uChen Zongmao — uyena kuphela isazi esisebenza ku-Chinese Academy of Engineering emkhakheni wesayensi yetiye — akagcinanga ngokunika i-Jīndǐng umbhalo we-calligraphy, kodwa futhi wahola ngo-2019 isiteshi socwaningo lwetiye lamaqabunga amakhulu epulazini i-Jinjiang, okwaba yisizinda sokuqala ‘sezifundiswa’ esisezingeni elinjalo e-Wuzhishan.
Abantu bakwa-Li basagcina isiko elidala lonyaka omusha: ngobusuku bangaphambi kwe-Chunjie (Chinese New Year), babeka izinkomishi ezimbili zetiye phambi kwe-altare lomndeni; uma ekuseni itiye seliguqubele, kubhekwa ukuthi imimoya yamadlozi ‘iphuzile’ umnikelo, futhi umndeni ulindele unyaka omuhle.
Ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhiqiza (1993), i-Hainan yakhiqiza amathani angu-8,000 etiye elibomvu ngonyaka, yaba phakathi kwezifunda ezinkulu zamatiye abomvu eChayina. Ngemuva kokwehla kwama-1990, isu lesimanje ligxile ekuhleleni okuphezulu kanye nokuvakasha kwezolimo, hhayi kwinani elikhulu.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:

Diànhóng Gōngfū (滇红工夫): Yunnan. Futhi izinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu (var. assamica), kodwa indawo yezokuhweba iyi-continental futhi i-high-mountain (1200–2000 m). I-Diànhóng iminyene futhi inamandla, enephrofayili yehoney-malt; i-Jīndǐng ithambile kunayo, inobumnandi obusobala bobisi kanye nezithelo ezishisayo.
Yīnghóng Gōngfū (英红, Yīnghóng): Guangdong, nayo izinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu. Iphrofayili isondelene kakhulu ne-Jīndǐng ngokohlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe nesimo sezulu, kodwa i-Yīnghóng ‘inamandla’ futhi ‘iyabamba’, inobisi oluncane oluthambile.
Chuānhóng Gōngfū (川红工夫): Sichuan, izinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga aphakathi. Ibonakala ngephunga le-orange-caramel (橘糖香), elingekho ku-Jīndǐng; umzimba ulula, isakhiwo sihle.
Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng): Fujian, izinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amancane, intuthu ye-pine. Iphrofayili yephunga ehlukile kakhulu (intuthu, ipayini, i-longan); i-Jīndǐng ngokuqhathanisa ‘ihlanzekile’, ngaphandle kwamanothi entuthu, igxile kubumnandi bezindawo ezishisayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Jīndǐng hóngchá — yitiye elazalwa lapho kuhlangana khona ipharadesi eshisayo nobuciko betiye. Umthambeka oseningizimu we-Wuzhishan — indawo lapho amafu ehla ngaphansi kwetiyera, lapho ihlathi lamafu linikela ngenhlabathi izinto eziphilayo ezingapheli, kanti izihlahla zamaqabunga amakhulu, izindlalifa zezinyamazane zasendulo, zikhiqiza amahlumela anenyama anamandla amangalisayo wamakhemikhali. Umphumela — itiye elibomvu elinephunga elimnene lobisi noluju, umhluzu oyi-jade kanye nobumnandi obugoqayo, obungenakho ukufana okuqondile namanye amatiye abomvu aseChayina. Kulabo abajwayele amatiye abomvu ‘asenkabeni-nenyakatho’ — u-Qíhóng, u-Diànhóng, u-Chuānhóng, — ukwazana ne-Jīndǐng kuzoba wuhambo oluya endaweni ehluke ngokuphelele yokunambitheka: ethokozisayo, enokhahlo futhi emangalisa ngokuthamba.