Jīn Mǔdān · new.thetea.app

I-Jīn Mǔdān ingenye yezinhlobo zokukhetha ezihlomula kakhulu zetiyi eziqalwe esifundazweni sase-Fújiàn engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Iwazuza njengefa kunina — i-Tiě Guānyīn (铁观音, Tiě Guānyīn) — ukujula kokunambitheka nokugqama kwe-«yùn» (韵, yùn), kuyise — i-Huáng Dān (黄旦, Huáng Dān, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Huáng Jīn Guì, 黄金桂) — iphunga elimnandi eliphakeme nelikhanyayo, lolu hlobo lwatifikisela abalimi betiyi base-Wǔyí Shān ithuba eliyingqayizivele futhi ngokushesha lasabalala ngaphandle kwesifunda esisodwa.

1. Ukuhlelwa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: I-wulong (itiyi elivuthiwe kancane, izinga lokuvuthwa elingu-30–50%). Ngokwalolu hlobo lwezitshalo kukhiqizwa netiyi elibomvu (elivuthiwe ngokuphelele) kanye, ngezikhathi ezingavamile, itiyi eliluhlaza.
Isigaba: Uhlobo lwesimanje lwezitshalo zetiyi olukhethiwe; ngokomongo wokulima amatii ase-Wǔyí Shān — kungenye «yezinhlobo ezintsha eziqanjwe ngegama» (新品种名枞, xīn pǐnzhǒng míng cóng), esetshenziswa kabanzi ukukhiqiza ama-wulong angamatje angama-Yán Chá (岩茶, Yán Chá).
Umsuka: I-Shayina, isifundazwe i-Fújiàn (福建, Fújiàn). Uhlobo lwaqhamuka eSikhungweni Sokucwaninga Ngetiyi se-Akademi Yezesayensi Yezolimo yaseFújiàn (福建省农业科学院茶叶研究所, Fújiàn Shěng Nóngyè Kēxuéyuàn Cháyè Yánjiūsuǒ) phakathi kuka-1978 no-2002. Isifunda esikhulu sokutshala — izintaba i-Wǔyí Shān (武夷山, Wǔyí Shān), enyakatho yeFújiàn; sitshalwa nangaseningizimu yeFújiàn (izifunda i-Ānxī, i-Yǒngchūn), ezifundazweni i-Guǎngdōng ne-Guǎngxī.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Isifunda i-Wǔyí Shān — cishe i-27°43′ N, 117°41′ E; i-NII yetiyi yaseFújiàn — i-27°13′ N, 119°35′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umsebenzi wokwakha uhlobo lwe-Jīn Mǔdān waqala ngo-1978, lapho abakhiqizi beSikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngetiyi saseFújiàn behlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zaseNingizimu yeFújiàn: i-Tiě Guānyīn yakhethwa njengesitshalo sikamama, i-Huáng Dān (i-Huáng Jīn Guì) yaba isitshalo sikababa. Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili kwaqhutshekwa nokuhlolwa nokukhethwa, kwathi ngo-2001 lolu hlobo lwahlonishwa ngesikhundla «sengcebo yemvelo eyisisekelo esezingeni lokuqala» (一级优异种质, yī jí yōuyì zhǒngzhì) ngaphansi kohlelo lwamazwe lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe «Olwesishiyagalolunye-Oluhlanu» (九五科技攻关, jiǔ wǔ kējì gōngguān) ngenombolo yokubhalisa engu-220. Ngo-2003 i-Jīn Mǔdān yaphumelela ukuhlolwa kwezinga lesifundazwe (inombolo engu-闽审茶003002), kwathi ngo-2010 yadlulela ekuhlolweni kukazwelonke kweKomiti Yokuhlola Izinhlobo Zetiyi ye-PR China yanikezwa inombolo engu-国品鉴茶20100024, yabe seyiba uhlobo lwetiye olwamukelayo kuzwelonke (国家茶树良种, guójiā cháshù liángzhǒng).
Igama: Igama elithi «Jīn Mǔdān» (金牡丹) lapho lihunyushwa ngokoqobo lisho ukuthi «I-peony egolide». Uhlamvu oluthi «jīn» (金, jīn) — «igolide» — lukhomba ukubaluleka okukhulu nombala onenhlonipho, ogqamile-osagolide. «Mǔdān» (牡丹, mǔdān) — «i-peony yomuthi» — ingenye yezimpawu eziyinhloko zengcebo nokuchuma emasikweni amaShayina, «inkosi yezimbali» (花王, huāwáng). Leligama ligcizelela ubuhle bokubukeka kwetiyi kanye nephunga lalo lezimbali elikhanyayo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Jīn Mǔdān inendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwezinhlobo «zomtholampilo» zase-Wǔyí Shān: ikhombisa ukuthi ukukhetha kwesimanje kuyawucebisa kanjani umlando wakudala wokutshala amatii angamatje. Esifundazweni i-Fújiàn, itiyi elivela kulolu hlobo luhlanganiswa nokuchuma futhi livame ukunikezwa njengesipho emikhosinkulu. Emkhakheni wabanambitha ngokomsebenzi, i-Jīn Mǔdān yaziswa ngezinga eliphakeme ngokwedlulele «lokukhiqizwa kwetiyi lesezingeni eliphezulu» (制优率, zhì yōu lǜ), elidlula kakhulu amazinga eziningi zezinhlobo zomlando.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / Isitshalo esikhethiwe: I-Jīn Mǔdān (金牡丹, jīn mǔdān) — isitshalo esikhethiwe esiyinhlanganisela engokwezitshalo Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, sitholakala ngokuhlanganisa okwenziwa ngabantu (杂交育种, zájiāo yùzhǒng) kusuka e-Tiě Guānyīn (铁观音, Tiě Guānyīn) × e-Huáng Dān (黄旦, Huáng Dān). Singenye yezinhlobo ezingazalani ngokobulili (ezingatshalwa ngezitho zomzimba) (无性系, wúxìngxì), eyisihlahla esicijile (灌木型, guànmù xíng), sesigaba samaqabunga aphakathi (中叶类, zhōngyè lèi), sesikhathi sokuqala sokuhluma (早生种, zǎoshēng zhǒng). I-diploid.
Incazelo yesihlahla: Isitshalo esiphakathi ngosayizi, esimile esime sathi thwi (树姿较直立, shùzī jiào zhílì) futhi inamagatsha awugqinsi. Amaqabunga abekwe enezingqimba, amise okweqanda, anombala oluhlaza nonendawo ecwebezelayo. Icece eliyiqabunga liphume ngaphandle, umphetho unamagagasi kancane, isihloko sibuthuntu kodwa sicijile, amazinga mancane, acili futhi asondelene. Isicubu seqabunga sicijile futhi siyaphuka. Imiqumbe inombala onsomi-oluhlaza, uboya obumbalwa. Isisindo sezihlumela eziyi-100 «umqumbe owodwa + amaqabunga amathathu» — cishe 70.9 g.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuka kwasentwasahlobo kokuqala: isikhathi sokuvela ngobuningi bezihlumela «umqumbe owodwa + amaqabunga amathathu» senzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Apreli. Ukuvuna okuyinhloko — kwasentwasahlobo (i-flush yokuqala); ukuvuna kwasehlobo nokwasekwindla nakho kuyenzeka, kodwa kunikeza izinto ezinamaphunga amancane.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Nge-wulong yekhwalithi ephezulu ye-Jīn Mǔdān, indinganiso i-flush «esacathula nesivulekile» (小至中开面, xiǎo zhì zhōng kāimiàn) — umqumbe namaqabunga amathathu noma amathathu asemasha, aseqalile ukuvuleka. Etiyini elibomvu amaqabunga avuthwe kakhudlwana nawo ayamukeleka.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Isifunda: Esikhulu — izintaba i-Wǔyí Shān (武夷山, Wǔyí Shān), inyakatho yeFújiàn. Lapha i-Jīn Mǔdān itshalwa endaweni yamatii angamatje angempela (正岩, zhèngyán) nasendaweni engaphesheya kwamatje (半岩, bànyán). Uhlobo luphinde lwamukelwa ngempumelelo eningizimu yeFújiàn (izifunda i-Yǒngchūn, i-Ānxī) futhi lunconywe ukusatshalaliswa ezifundazweni i-Guǎngdōng ne-Guǎngxī.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: E-Wǔyí Shān — kusukela ku-300 kuya ku-650 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kuye ngokuthi indawo ethile (izihosha, amatje amakhulu, izigodi zemifula).
Umhlabathi: Amatje ase-Wǔyí Shān ajwayelekile ane-asidi (i-pH 4.5–5.5) agugulwe isimo sezulu — ikakhulukazi ama-volcanic tuff, amatje esihlabathi, nama-slate enkathi ye-Jurassic ne-Cretaceous. Umhlabathi ugcwele amaminerali (i-potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium), okwenza isigqi esidumile «samatje» (岩韵, yán yùn) — umlingiswa wamaminerali wetiyi.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sase-subtropical monsoon, sinemvula eningi (1600–2000 mm/ngonyaka), amafu amaningi, umswakama ophezulu (cishe 80%) kanye nezinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi kuka-17–19°C. Ukuhluka okukhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku kuyasiza ekuqoqweni kwezinhlanganisela ezinamaphunga eqabungeni.
Izici zokutshala: I-Jīn Mǔdān inobungqabavu obugqamile bengxube (杂种优势, zázhǒng yōushì): isivuno sidlula esohlobo lwezihlahla zomzali i-Tiě Guānyīn ngamaphesenti angu-60 nangaphezulu, futhi uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lokuhlola i-Huáng Dān — ngo-10–23%. Ukuhluma kwezinkuni kwamazinga aphezulu, nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezihlukene zokukhula kuhle kakhulu. Ukuhlakulela okudwetshwe kwethuluzi kunconywa (izihlahla ezingu-5000–5500 kwi-mu ngayinye) ngesikimu semigqa emibili, okunxephezela isimo sokuqonda okusemele kwesihlahla.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza buxhomeke ohlotsheni lwetiyi okuqondiwe. Umkhiqizo oyinhloko futhi obaluleke kakhulu — i-wulong yase-Wǔyí Shān; kusetshenziswa lolu hlobo olufanayo futhi kwenziwa itiyi elibomvu, kanti ngezikhathi ezingavamile kakhulu, itiyi eliluhlaza.

Nge-wulong (indlela yase-Wǔyí Shān):

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla ama-flush endinganiso «umqumbe + amaqabunga angu-2–3» lapho efinyelela ezingeni lokuvuleka «elincane — iqabunga eliphakathi elivulekile».
Ukubhakabhaka (萎凋, wěidiāo): Kunezigaba ezimbili: kuqala elangeni elivulekile (日光萎凋, rìguāng wěidiāo) imizuzu engu-15–30, emva kwalokho endaweni enomoya omningi ukuze kulungiswe umswakama.
Ukunyakazisa nokwakhiwa kwephunga (摇青/做青, yáoqīng / zuòqīng): Isigaba esibalulekile, esinquma umlingiswa wephunga. Ukushintshaniswa kokunyakazisa okuyimishini kwamaqabunga kumathreyi oqalo kanye nezikhathi zokuphumula (imijikelezo engu-3 kuya kwengu-5). Ngokunyakazisa, imiphetho yamaqabunga iyalimala, kucala ukuvuthwa — ukufakwa komoya-mpilo kwe-polyphenol. Ingaphakathi leqabunga lona lihlala liluhlaza (umgomo ojwayelekile othi «iqabunga eliluhlaza, umphetho obomvu», 绿叶红镶边, lǜyè hóng xiāngbiān). Izinga lokuvuthwa kwe-Jīn Mǔdān — liphakathi, cishe 30–50%.
Ukulungiswa «kokubulala ubuluhlaza» (杀青, shāqīng): Ukwelashwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu okotini oshisayo (锅炒杀青, guō chǎo shāqīng) ukuze kuqedwe izinqubo zokuvutha nokuqiniswa kwephrofayili yephunga esifikelwe.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Iqabunga linikezwa ukuma okusongekile okude, okuyinto evelele kuma-wulong ase-Wǔyí Shān (ngokungafani nokusongeka okuyindilinga kwama-wulong aseningizimu yeFújiàn).
Ukwomisa nokuhogela ngamalahle (烘干/焙火, hōnggān / bèihuǒ): Isigaba sokugcina futhi esinqumayo se-Yán Chá. Ukuhogela ngokwesiko ngamalahle ezinkuni (炭焙, tàn bèi) kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana. Nge-Jīn Mǔdān, kuvamile ukuhogela okulula noma ngamazinga aphakathi (轻火至中火, qīnghuǒ zhì zhōnghuǒ), okuvumela ukuba kuvezwe ngokuphelele amaphunga ezimbali emvelo ale nhlobo. Ngokuhogela okulula iphunga le-gardenia (栀子花香, zhīzǐ huāxiāng) elinokuthinta kobisi liyabuswa; ngokuhogela okumaphakathi — kuvela amanothi afudumele e-caramel nasezithelweni ezibhakwe.

Ngetiyi elibomvu:

Inqubo ibandakanya ukubhakabhaka, ukusonga ngamandla kakhulu ukuze kubhidlizwe udonga lwamaseli, ukuvuthwa ngokuphelele (发酵, fājiào) ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama okulawulwayo, emva kwalokho kulandele ukwomisa ngomoya oshisayo. Ukuhogela ngamalahle asetshenziswa kakhulu. Itiyi elibomvu elitholakalayo linotho lwezimbali oluqinile, olutholwe njengefa kulesi sitshalo.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngenkathi Unambitha:

Isimo sangaphandle seqabunga elomile: I-wulong: Imicu emile emide, eqinile, futhi enzima (条索紧结重实, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié zhòngshí) enombala onsundu omnyama nemithambo eluhlaza-nsundu; ngokuhogela okulula — inokuthinta okuluhlaza ngokugqamile kakhudlwana. Itiyi elibomvu: Imicu emincane, esongeka ngokuncane ecishe ibe mnyama, enamacebisi agolide.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: I-wulong: Iphunga eliqinile, eliphakeme lezimbali — ikakhulukazi amanothi e-gardenia (栀子花, zhīzǐ huā) anomkhondo ogqamile wobisi-okakhilimu, i-orchid ne-peony. Ngokuhogela okumaphakathi kwenezelwa amanothi wezithelo ezibhakwe, i-caramel, kanye nengxenye emincane yamaminerali — «isigqi samatje». Itiyi elibomvu: Limnandi, linobusi, linokuthinta kwezithelo, i-citrus kanye nezithelo ezomisiwe.
Iphunga loketshezi: Ligcwele, liqinile, livuleka ngamagagasi kusukela ekuthelelweni kuya kokulandelayo. Ku-wulong — inothi elikhanyayo le-gardenia ezitsheni zokuqala, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lishintshela esithelweni-nobusi; isisekelo samaminerali siyezwakala kuso sonke isikhathi sokunambitha.
Ukunambitheka: I-wulong: Kusindayo, okunamafutha, nomzimba ozwakalayo (醇厚, chúnhòu). Amaphuzu ezimbali nezithelo ahlangana nokuncibilika okulula kanye nokubuyela okuthe xaxa emuva (回甘, huígān). Ukunambitheka okusemva kuhlala isikhathi eside, kulizwa, kunemininingwane yamaminerali. I-«yùn» evelele — umuzwa wangemuva ovulekile, onomsindo emphinjeni — igqanyiswe ngokusobala, okuyifa lohlobo lwezihlahla zomzali i-Tiě Guānyīn. Itiyi elibomvu: Lithambile, linamafutha-likhasimiri, limnandi, linamanothi obusi, i-caramel, ipentshisi elinamanzi (水蜜桃, shuǐmìtáo) kanye nokumunyu kwe-citrus okulula; ukuncibilika akubonakali.
Umbala woketshezi: I-wulong: Kusuka osagolide-osagolide kuya okusawolintshi ogcwele — kuye ngezinga lokuhogela; kucishe, kunomcwebe ogqamile. Itiyi elibomvu: Lubomvu okhanyayo-rubhi, unomphetho osagolide (金圈, jīnquān).
Isisekelo setiyi (iqabunga elitheliwe): I-wulong: Amaqabunga amakhulu, anembolekile, aphelele anemibala evelele: imiphetho ebomvu-nsundu kanye nendawo ephakathi ekhanyayo, eluhlaza — ubufakazi bokuthi isigaba se-«zuò qīng» senziwe kahle. Itiyi elibomvu: Amaqabunga alinganayo, athambile anombala oyinsimbi-nsundu owelelele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-Jīn Mǔdān kucwaningiwe ngaphansi kohlelo lokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo kukahulumeni nasezincwadini zesayensi. Ekuvuneni kwasentwasahlobo okuthi «umqumbe owodwa + amaqabunga amabili» (isampula elomile) kuvamile ukutholakala lezi zinkomba:

I-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Cishe 30.8–34.9% — inkomba ephezulu, enikeza isakhiwo esigqamile kanye namandla okulwa nokugqwala. Ihlanganisa ama-catechin (i-EGCG, i-EGC, i-ECG), kanti ku-wulong ngemva kokuvuthwa okuyingxenye — kuhlanganisa ne-dimeric polyphenols.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): 2.3–3.9%, okuhlanganisa ne-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjīsuān). Ukuba khona okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kubanga ubumnandi obugqamile kanye nomphumela wokuphumula.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — cishe 4.4%; i-theobromine ne-theophylline — kumazinga okulandela.
Isithako samanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): 41.8–45.2% — inkomba yokugcwala nokukhishwa koketshezi.
Amavithamini: I-vithamini C (i-ascorbic acid), amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), i-vithamini E.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-calcium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium, i-fluoride — iphrofayili yamaminerali icebiswa ngenxa yomhlabathi we-Wǔyí Shān onemvelaphi yentaba-mlilo.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezinamaphunga: Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-terpenic alcohols (linalool, nerol, geraniol) kanye nokunye okwenzeka nge-indole, okuyimbangela yephunga lezimbali nezithelo. Ukuceba kwephuzu lephunga okuyinkimbinkimbi — uphawu oluhlukile lwezinhlobo zezitshalo ze-Jīn Mǔdān, okuchaza izinga lakhona eliphezulu «lokukhiqizwa kwezinga eliphezulu».

8. Izinzuzo:

Umphumela wokulwa nokugqwala: Ukuba khona okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol, ikakhulukazi ama-catechin, kunikeza ukuvikelwa kwamaseli ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative nasekunciphiseni ama-radicals akhululekile.
Umphumela wokuvuselela kanye nokuqonda: I-caffeine ehlangene ne-L-theanine yakha ukushukumisa okuthambile, okunokulinganisela: ukuphaphama nokwenza ngcono ukugxila ngaphandle kokushaywa yizinhliziyo ezinamandla.
Umphumela wokuphumula nokulwa nokucindezeleka: I-L-theanine inceda ekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, inciphisa izinga lokukhathazeka futhi isize esimweni sokuzola nokugxila.
Ukwenza ngcono ukugaya nokushintshana komsoco: Ama-polyphenol ama-wulong akhuthaza ukuhlakazeka kwamafutha futhi asheshise ukushintshaniswa kwamafutha, okuqinisekiswa uchungechunge locwaningo lomtholampilo.
Ukusekelwa kwesistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa kwetiyi njalo okunama-polyphenol aphezulu kunciphisa izinga le-LDL-cholesterol futhi kuqinise izindonga zemithambo.
Ukuqinisa izicubu zamathambo: Uchungechunge locwaningo lwezifo lubonisa ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwama-wulong njalo nokunyuka kokuminyana kwamaminerali emathanjeni.
Ukwesekela amasosha omzimba: Amavithamini namaminerali (ikakhulukazi i-zinc ne-selenium) ehlangene nama-polyphenol kuqinisa ukumelana komzimba jikelele.

9. Ukuthela:

Kunconywa indlela yokuthela i-Gōngfū Chá (工夫茶, Gōngfū Chá) ukuze kuvezwe ngokuphelele iphrofayili yephunga elinezingqimba eziningi.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C ku-wulong; 85–90°C etiyini elibomvu.
Inani letiyi: 5–7 g kumanzi angu-100–150 ml (lapho kusetshenziswa indlela yokuthela).
Iziphuzo: I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yobumba — inketho ejwayelekile, evumela ukunambitha iphunga esembozweni; iketela lobumba lwe-Yíxīng (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) — ukuze kube nezinyosi ezisindayo, «ezifudumele».
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, ukuchithwa kwamanzi.
2. Ukugalela itiyi elomile, ukuvala ngesembozo, ukunyakazisa kancane — ukuhogela iphunga leqabunga elomile elifudumele.
3. Ukuhlambulula: ukugalela amanzi, ukuchithwa ngokushesha (kungakapheli imizuzwana engu-3–5). Lokhu koketshezi akunathwa — kuvusa iqabunga.
4. Ukuthelwa kokuqala: ukugalela amanzi, ukuyeka imizuzwana engu-10–15 ku-wulong, imizuzwana engu-15–20 etiyini elibomvu.
5. Ukuchithwa koketshezi nge-sieve ku-cháhǎi (公道杯, gōngdào bēi), bese kugalelwa ezinkomishini.
6. Ukuthelwa okuphindaphindiwe: 6–8 ku-wulong ekhogile ngokumaphakathi (ukwandisa ukuchayeka ngezikhathi eziyimizuzwana engu-5–10 kancane kancane), 4–6 etiyini elibomvu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: Indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama, ehlukaniswe namaphunga angaphandle. Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 15–25°C, umswakama — ungabi ngaphezu kuka-50%.
Isitsha: Ukupakisha okuvaleka ngokuqinile: isikhwama se-foil esinomshini wokuvula, ikani lensimbi elinesembozo esiqinile noma isitsha sobumba.
Isikhathi sokugcina nokuvuthwa: I-wulong ekhogile kancane kungcono ukuyiqhuba phakathi kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 kuya kweziyi-12 ukuze kugcinwe ubukhazikhazi bephunga; i-wulong ekhogile ngokumaphakathi nangamandla ikwazi ukugcinwa iminyaka engu-2–3 nangaphezulu, bese ukunambitheka kuya kuthambile futhi kujule. Itiyi elibomvu kuhle ukuyiqhuba phakathi kweminyaka engu-1–2. Ukuhogela kabusha (复焙, fùbèi) ngemva kweminyaka engu-1–2 — umkhuba ojwayelekile wokwelula isikhathi sokugcinwa kwama-wulong ase-Wǔyí Shān.
Izitha zetiyi: Umswakama, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphunga angaphandle, umoya-mpilo.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

I-Jīn Mǔdān njenge-wulong yamatje ase-Wǔyí Shān ingeyesigaba samanani aphakathi naphezulu. Izinto ezinomthelela entengweni: indawo yokukhula (正岩 > 半岩 > 外山), izinga nekhono lokuhogela ngamalahle, isizini yokuvuna (eyasentwasahlobo ibaluleke kakhulu), isithunzi somkhiqizi.

Ungagwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
- Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe futhi abakhethekile abakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi ngomsuka nomkhiqizi.
- Hlola isimo sangaphandle: amaqabunga kufanele aphelele, abe nzima, asongeke ngokuqinile, angenalo uthuli noma imfucumfucu; umbala — ulingane, ubensundu omnyama ngokucwebezela okuhlukile.
- Hlola iphunga: i-Jīn Mǔdān yemvelo inephunga lezimbali elimsulwa neliphakeme ngaphandle kobungqabavu obukhemikhali. Ukuba khona kwezinambitheka zokwenziwa — kuyisibonakaliso sokukhohlisa.
- Hlola uketshezi: umbala kufanele ucacile, ungathi yi-amber-osagolide; ukunambitheka — kucace, kunomphumela oqhamile wokubuyela obumnandi nokunambitheka okusemva okuhlala isikhathi eside. Uketshezi olunezingxube, ukunambitheka okumuncu noma «okungenangqondo» — kuyizibonakaliso ezesabekayo.
- Inani eliphansi ngokusolisayo ngetiyi okuthiwa lingamatje endaweni ye-«zhèngyán» — cishe kuyisibonakaliso sokushintshwa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Jīn Mǔdān — ingezinye zezinhlobo eziqanjwe ngegama ezimbalwa zase-Wǔyí Shān, ezinomdabu wazo oqoshiwe ngokunemba kwesayensi: bobabili abazali bayaziwa, unyaka wokuqala wokukhetha, zonke izigaba zokuhlolwa kukahulumeni.
Isivuno se-Jīn Mǔdān sidlula esika-Tiě Guānyīn ngamaphesenti angu-60 nangaphezulu, futhi ngamaphesenti angu-11–23 — izinkomba zezinhlobo eziphambili zase-Wǔyí Shān, njenge-Shuǐxiān (水仙) ne-Ròuguì (肉桂). Lokhu kwenza ibe nomdlandla kwezomnotho kubalimi ngaphandle kokucwasa ikhwalithi.
Phakathi kwabanolwazi ngamatii ase-Wǔyí Shān, kunomusho othi i-Jīn Mǔdān — «indlalifa ecebile» (富二代, fù èr dài): yathola njengefa i-«yùn» kunina i-Tiě Guānyīn kanye ne-«xiāng» kuyise i-Huáng Dān, yahlanganisa izici ezinhle kakhulu zazo zombili lezi zinhlobo ezinkulu.
Iphunga le-gardenia elinokuthinta kobisi elihlukile (栀子花奶香) livezwa ngokugqamile uma kuthelelwa ngamanzi anezinga lokushisa eliphezulu futhi liyikhasimende eliyingqayizivele yalolu hlobo.
Abanye abanambithayo baphawula nge-Jīn Mǔdān entsha iphunga lezithelo ezinamanzi (水蜜桃香, shuǐmìtáo xiāng), elivelayo ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa okumaphakathi — noma kunjalo, ngokufakwa komoya-mpilo ngokweqile, leli nothi lingashintshela ethonikhi elimbi «elimile», okudinga umkhiqizi alawule ngokunemba.

13. Izinhlobo Zetiyi ezivela Ezinhlotsheni Zezitshalo ze-Jīn Mǔdān:

Emakethe kunezinhlobo eziningana zemikhiqizo evela ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo ze-Jīn Mǔdān, ezihluka kakhulu ngokomlingiswa nangokwephrofayili yokunambitheka:

I-wulong ye-Jīn Mǔdān (Yán Chá yase-Wǔyí Shān): Umkhiqizo oyinhloko futhi owaziwa kakhulu. I-wulong evuthwe ngokumaphakathi ekhogile ngamalahle ngokulula noma okumaphakathi. Iphunga lezimbali (i-gardenia, i-orchid), ukunambitheka okusindayo okunesisekelo samaminerali «samatje», ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside. Lokhu — ukwembulwa okuyindinganiso yalolu hlobo lwezitshalo.
Itiyi elibomvu le-Jīn Mǔdān (金牡丹红茶): Itiyi elivuthwe ngokuphelele, elivame ukukhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe be-gōngfū hóngchá (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá). Lithambile, limnandi, linephunga lezimbali-nobusi eligqamile. Likhiqizwa kakhulu esifundeni i-Shòuníng (寿宁) esifundazweni i-Fújiàn futhi libekwa njenge-«tiyi elibomvu lezimbali».
Itiyi eliluhlaza le-Jīn Mǔdān (金牡丹绿茶): Litholakala ngokungavamile. Itiyi elingavuthwanga, eligcina iphunga elikhanyayo lezimbali lalolu hlobo lwezitshalo; ukunambitheka kusha, nokuzwakalayo ubumnandi. Ukukhiqizwa kunomkhawulo.

14. Izingcuphe ezingaba khona:

Ukungabekezelelani komuntu ngamunye kwezingxenye zetiyi.
Ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-caffeine (cishe 4.4%), kunconywa ukuqaphela phakathi nokukhulelwa nokuncelisa, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukuphazamiseka kokulala kanye nokucindezeleka kwemizwa okuphezulu.
Akunconywa ukuphuza itiyi elinamandla kakhulu ngesisu esingenalutho — lokhu kungabangela ukungahambi kahle kwesisu (okubizwa ngokuthi «ukudakwa kwetiyi», 茶醉, chá zuì).

Ekuphetheni:

I-Jīn Mǔdān iyisibonelo esihle sokuthi ukukhetha kwesimanje kungakwazi ukuthi kungabhujiswa kepha kucebise amasiko amakhulukhulu. Wazalelwa elabhorethri, kodwa wakhulela ematsheni amadala ase-Wǔyí Shān, lolu hlobo lwezitshalo luhlanganisa ukujula ne-«yùn» kukanina i-Tiě Guānyīn nephunga elihlabayo likayise i-Huáng Dān. Enkomishini ye-wulong yase-Wǔyí Shān i-Jīn Mǔdān kwembulwa iphalethi enezingqimba eziningi — kusukela enothini elikhanyayo le-gardenia, ngokunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo, kuya ekujuleni kwamaminerali amatje. Itiyi elibomvu elivela kulezi zinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanayo livula ubuso obuhluke ngokuphelele — ukuthamba kobusi nobumnene bezimbali. Noma ngabe iyiphi ifomethi ekhethiwe, i-Jīn Mǔdān inikeza isipiliyoni lapho isayensi nemvelo isengxoxweni enokuvumelana — futhi lokhu, mhlawumbe, ikhwalithi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu.