Itiye Eliluhlaza lase-Jiétān

Itiye Eliluhlaza lase-Jiétān (碣滩绿茶, Jiétān lǜchá) liyitiye eliluhlaza lase-Hunan elinosontekile, umkhiqizo kazwelonke onophawu lwendawo (国家地理标志保护产品, guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì bǎohù chǎnpǐn, oqinisekiswe ngonyaka wezi-2011). Kukhiqizwa esifundeni sase-Yuanling (沅陵县, Yuánlíng Xiàn) esifundazweni sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), ezintabeni zase-Jiétān (碣滩山) ogwini lomfula i-Yuanshui (沅水, Yuán Shuǐ). Leli yilinye lamatiye amadala kakhulu e-China—isimo salo njengomnikelo oyingxenye yomnikelo ophakeme (贡茶, gòngchá) selotshiwe ngenkathi yohlanga lwe-Tang. Ngo-1972, uNdunankulu wase-Japan u-Tanaka Kakuei ekuhlanganyeleni no-Zhou Enlai wakhuluma nge-Jiétān Chá, elibiza ngokuthi ‘itiye lobungani base-China nase-Japan’ (中日友好之茶).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga). Ngokuma kwalo—lusontekile futhi lugobile (卷曲形, juǎnqū xíng).
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo ongokomlando womnikelo ophakeme (唐代贡茶); umkhiqizo kazwelonke onophawu lwendawo (2011); omele amatiye e-China asezingeni eliphezulu, aluhlaza futhi asontekile.
Imvelaphi: E-China, esifundazweni sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), esifundeni sase-Yuanling (沅陵县, Yuánlíng Xiàn), endaweni yezintaba zase-Jiétān (碣滩山区). I-Yuanling isenyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Hunan, emaphethelweni aphakathi omfula i-Yuanshui, lapho kuhlangana khona izintaba zase-Wuling (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān) nezase-Xuefeng (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-28°25′–29°00′ N, 110°00′–111°10′ E.

2. Umlando kanye nokubaluleka kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isiko letiye lase-Yuanling lijule kakhulu emlandweni wasendulo. Umbhalo we-West Jin othi “Jingzhou Tudi Ji” (《荆州土地记》, Jīngzhōu Tǔdì Jì) waphawula: “Ezifundeni eziyisikhombisa zase-Wuling, itiye likhula yonke indawo futhi likhula kakhulu”—i-Yuanling yayingesinye salezo zifunda eziyisikhombisa. Encwadini ka-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) ethi “The Classic of Tea” (《茶经》, Chájīng) kucashunwa incwadi ka-Pei Yuan ethi “Kunyuan Lu” (《坤元录》): “Emakhilomitheni angamakhulu amathathu namashumi amahlanu enyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda sase-Xupu eLubeni lwaseChenzhou kukhona intaba i-Wushe (无射山)… entabeni kunezihlahla eziningi zetiye.” Ngo-2016, i-Wushe Mountain, ekuso fundeni sase-Yuanling, yagunyazwa ngokusemthethweni yi-China Tea Marketing Association kanye ne-China Tea Culture Society ngokuthi “iNtaba Yomlando Yesiko Letiye Lase-China.”

Ngokwesiko, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-8, umbusi wakwaTang u-Ruizong (李旦, Lǐ Dàn), owayephoqelekile ukuba ashiye isihlalo sobukhosi enikeza unina—uMbusazwe u-Wu Zetian, waya eningizimu. Ehamba ngomfula i-Yuanshui, wema eduze kwentaba i-Jiétān, lapho ahlangana khona nentokazi enhle yendawo u-Hu Fengjiao (胡凤姣), owamnikeza itiye elisuka ezivandeni zasezintabeni. Esebuyele esihlalweni sobukhosi (cishe ngo-710 C.E.), u-Ruizong wethula itiye lase-Jiétān enkantolo, futhi lafakwa ohlwini lomnikelo waminyaka yonke. Ngaleyo ndlela i-Jiétān Chá yaba ngumnikelo wombuso ophakeme, futhi kamuva yasatshalaliswa e-Japan nase-India ngokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe.

Encwadini ethi “Chenzhou Fuzhi” (《辰州府志》) kuqoshwe ukuthi: “Esifundeni, itiye likhula ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa eliza kuqala ngenani yilelo elisuka eNtabeni i-Jiétān.” Ngesikhathi sama-Ming nama-Qing, leli tiye lalaziwa ngokuthi “Chenzhou Jiétān Chá” (辰州碣滩茶). Iqhawe lesizwe u-Lin Zexu (林则徐), edlula e-Yuanling, wathola isipiliyoni setiye lendawo, wamemeza: “Kulesi sifunda kunezingxenye zokuqala zeChina, kodwa-ke kubonakala kukhona nezingxenye zokuqala zetiye leChina futhi.”

Emlandweni wakamuva, isenzakalo esibalulekile senzeka ngo-1972: ngesikhathi evakashele eBeijing, uNdunankulu wase-Japan u-Tanaka Kakuei (田中角荣) ekhuluma no-Zhou Enlai (周恩来) wakhuluma ngetiye lase-Jiétān kanye nokuba khona kwalo emlandweni wase-Japan. U-Zhou Enlai waqala ukusesha leli tiye, elatholakala emasimini alahliwe ase-Jiétān Mountain. Ngaphansi kokuhola kwakhe siqu, ukubuyiselwa kwezivande zetiye kwaqala ngo-1973. Ngo-1980, kwahlelwa umsebenzi wesayensi nobuchwepheshe ukuze kuphinde kwakhiwe ubuchwepheshe bendabuko, kwathi ngo-1982—ngesikhathi kuvakashela ithimba lobungani lentsha yase-Japan—i-Jiétān Chá “yavuselelwa.” Izithunywa zalibiza ngokuthi “itiye lobungani base-China nase-Japan.” Ngo-2011, leli tiye lazuza ukuvikelwa kophawu lwendawo, kwathi ngo-2015, lathola indondo yegolide embukweni womhlaba we-Expo eMilan.
Igama: “Jiétān” (碣滩)—“ilaphazane elinamatshe”: “碣” lisho itshe elikhulu noma ubhalo, noma idwala elimile; “滩” lisho ilaphazane lomfula noma indawo engashoni. Igama lisuka ezakhiweni zamadwala emfuleni i-Yuanshui, amile amile njengamatshe obhalo. “Lǜchá” (绿茶) lisho “itiye eliluhlaza.” Ngakho-ke, igama eliphelele lisho “itiye eliluhlaza laseLaphazaneni Elinamatshe.”
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Jiétān Chá ingenye yamatiye ambalwa okuqoshwe umlando wawo womnikelelo ophakeme ngazo zombili izincwadi ezindala kanye nezenzakalo zekhulu lama-20 (isenzakalo sobunxusa bango-1972). Esesifundeni i-Yuanling, esineziqu “eNdlini Yetiye Lase-China” (中国名茶之乡) kanye “neNdlini Yetiye Eliphilayo” (中国生态有机茶之乡), yilo uphawu lwendawo oluyinhloko. Itiye liphinde lixhunywe namasiko “entaba yase-Eryou” (二酉山)—indawo yasenganekwaneni yokugcina ulwazi eyanika isisho esithi “ukuhlakanipha kwezinqwaba ezinhlanu kanye nemigede emibili” (学富五车，书通二酉).

3. Incazelo yesayensi yezitshalo kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Eyinhloko—inhlwathi yendawo yemvelo (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), emelwe izihlahla zetiye zakudala ezineminyaka engaphezu kweziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu. Lezi zihlahla ziyingxenye yegatsha eliseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (iqembu lase-Yunnan-Guizhou, 云贵茶叶组系), zibonakala ngeqabunga elinamanzi, eliminyeneyo elinokuphikelela ekuvuthweni (持嫩性). Izinhlobo ezingamakloni ezisizayo zokwandisa amasimu yi-Bai Hao Zao (白毫早, Báiháo Zǎo), Bi Xiang Zao (碧香早, Bìxiāng Zǎo), kanye no-Zhu Ye Qi (槠叶齐, Zhūyè Qí).
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo—kusukela ku-Chunfen (春分, Chūnfēn, maphakathi noMashi) kuze kube ngu-Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, maphakathi no-Eprayeli) kumabanga akhethekile nawokuqala. Ezingeni elikhethekile, kubanjwa umthetho othi “kuvunwa ekuseni, kucutshungulwe ntambama” (上午采下午制).
Izinga lokuvuna: I-Jiétān Yínzhēn (碣滩银针, Jiétān Yínzhēn, “Izinaliti Ezisiliva zase-Jiétān”)—i-bud eyodwa; i-Jiétān Máojiān (碣滩毛尖, Jiétān Máojiān)—i-bud eneqabunga elilodwa elisathuthuka; i-Jiétān Cuìfēng (碣滩翠峰, Jiétān Cuìfēng)—i-bud enamaqabunga amabili esigabeni sokuqala sokuvela.

4. Indawo yokulima (Terroir) kanye nezici zokulima:

Ubunjalo bendawo: I-Yuanling isemaphethelweni lapho kuhlangana khona izinhlelo zezintaba ezimbili—i-Wuling (武陵山) kanye ne-Xuefeng (雪峰山). Imifula i-Yuanshui (沅水) kanye ne-Youshui (酉水) igeleza esifundeni; isiteshi sikagesi samandla sase-Wuqiangxi (五强溪水电站) sidale ichibi lokufakelwa elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Hunan, elakha umoya omncane oyingqayizivele—umswakama ophakeme, amazinga okushisa azinzile, kanye nenkungu eningi. Izinga lokuhluma kwamahlathi lingama-76.19%. Esifundeni kuneziqongo zezintaba eziyikhulu ezedlula ama-1,000 m.
Ukuphakama lapho kutshalwa khona: 300–1,000 m; amasimu amakhulu etiye asendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-400–600 m.
Isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lokuphila lonke unyaka lingu-16.6 °C; imvula yaminyaka yonke ≥ 1,440 mm (okuphezulu kakhulu esifundeni saseHuaihua). Ukufiphala nokunkungu kwenzeka unyaka wonke; imifudlana eyi-911 nemifula kunikeza umoya ogcwele umswakama, ovuna ukunqwabelana kancane kwama-amino acid kanye nezandulela zamakha eqabungeni letiye.
Inhlabathi: Isici esiyingqayizivele sendawo—indawo enkulu yamatshe e-purple shale (紫色板页岩风化土壤) ene-slate kanye nesihlabathi sentaba-mlilo. Okuqukethwe kwe-zinc (Zn) kanye ne-manganese (Mn) okukhulu, kanti i-aluminium (Al) kanye ne-fluorine (F) kuncane. Izinto eziphilayo ≥ 2.0%; i-pH 4.5–5.5. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okungavamile kwejokhemisi kungenye yezizathu zokukhishwa kwetiye okungavamile okuphezulu kwe-extractives.
Indawo yokhiye yokukhiqiza: Idolobhana lase-Jiétān eMkhandlwini waseBeirong (北溶乡碣滩村)—indawo yomlando yetiye; amasimu etiye asezintabeni asondelene ne-National Nature Reserve yase-Jiemuxi (借母溪国家级自然保护区). Indawo ephelele yamasimu etiye esifundeni ingaphezulu kwe-150,000 mu (cishe amahektare ayi-10,000).

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

I-Jiétān Lǜchá yitiye eliluhlaza elisontekile elinokuqedelwa ngesandla okokugcina. Izici ezibalulekile: ukusonteka okuphindwe kabili kokuqamba ukusonteka “okuqhakazile,” ukwomiswa kwamalahle kwendabuko ngokomgomo wokuthi “ukwomisa kathathu—ukubamba kathathu” (三烘三闷, sān hōng sān mèn) kanye nomthetho oqinile womjikelezo wokukhiqiza wosuku olulodwa kumabanga akhethekile.

Ukubunaza (鲜叶摊放, xiānyè tānfàng): Amaqabunga amasha alulwa ngongqimba omncane ukulahlekelwa umswakama ngaphambili futhi aqalise izandulela zamakha.
Ukumisa ukuhlaza (杀青, shāqīng): Ukuthosa ngesandla ku-180–220 °C ngokunyakazisa njalo. Ukumisa okuphezulu kwezinga lokushisa kungasebenzi ngokushesha ama-enzyme futhi kugcine umbala omusha oluhlaza.
Ukupholisa (清风, qīngfēng): Amaqabunga ahlakazwa ukuze aphole—lesi sigaba esithi “umoya omhlophe.”
Ukusonteka kokuqala (初揉, chū róu): Umfutho omncane cishe imizuzu emihlanu; kuqanjwa isakhiwo sokuqala seqabunga.
Ukwomisa kokuqala (初烘, chū hōng): Ku-85–90 °C—ukususa umswakama omningi ngokweqile.
Ukusonteka okwesibili (复揉, fù róu): Umfutho onamandla kakhudlwana cishe imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili; ukusonteka okuphindwe kabili kuqamba ukuma “okunezimbali” (花瓣状, huābàn zhuàng) okuyingqayizivele.
Ukwomisa okwesibili (复干, fù gān): Ukwomisa kwaphakathi.
Ukuqamba ukuma nokuveza izindwani (整形提毫, zhěngxíng tí háo): Ukusonteka nokuhuha ngesandla ku-60–70 °C. Kungenxa yalesi sigaba lapho izindwani ezimhlophe zivezwa ebusweni, zinikeze itiye ukubonakala “kweqhwa” okuyingqayizivele.
Ukwomisa kokugcina (足干, zú gān): Ukwomisa kwamalahle okuhamba kancane emazingeni aphansi okushisa ku-60–65 °C. Indlela yendabuko yokuthi “ukwomisa kathathu—ukubamba kathathu” (三烘三闷) igxilisa iphunga le-castnut futhi iqambe inothi “elibandayo” eliyingqayizivele elivela esitsheni esipholile futhi elihlala lingaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu.

6. Izici zokunambitha nokubuka:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ngamacembe amancane, asontekile ngokuqinile agobile (卷曲形); izihloko ezicijile, zibukeka zinhle (锋苗秀丽); umbala—uluhlaza onokukhanya okunamafutha (绿润); izindwani eziningi ezisiliva zimboza wonke amaqabunga, kuvele isisekelo esiluhlaza ngokugqamile (银毫满披隐翠). Lapho kwenziwa itiye, amaqabunga amile amile futhi ayantanta, enyuka futhi ehle—“njengezinhlanzi ezisiliva ezidlala emanzini” (如银鱼游翔)—kuthathwa njengokukodwa kwezinkomba zokubonwayo zekhwalithi.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Okugqamile—iphunga le-castnut (栗香, lì xiāng); ukuhlaza okusha okuthambile, okuqinile (嫩香持久). Inkomishi epholile igcina iphunga isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu (冷杯留香超30分钟)—isici esingandile ngisho naphakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza anegama.
Iphunga lokuphuza (infusion): Iphunga le-castnut liyakhula, lithole ukujula; kuvela iminonjana emtoti yokubhaka okusha; “iphunga elibandayo” liyabonakala kakhudlwana njengoba lihlala liphola.
Ukunambitha: Ukusha okugqamile (鲜爽)—okuqukethwe ama-amino acid ≥ 4.33%; umzimba omunyeneyo, onamafutha (醇厚) ovela kuma-polyphenols 26.6–29.7%; i-huigan esheshayo futhi enamandla (回甘显著). Isici esiyingqayizivele—“oseduze akalizwa iphunga ngoba ‘udakiwe’ yilo, kodwa okude ngenxa ‘yomkhuhlane’ ulizwa kakhulu”: umuntu oyedwa ulungisa itiye—indlu yonke igcwala iphunga.
Umbala wokuphuza: Uphuzi oluluhlaza, oluhlanzekile futhi olukhanyayo (黄绿清透); kungaba khona ukufiphala “okuncane okunjengobisi” okuvela ezindwaneni (毫浑, háo hún).
Umhlaba wetiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Umbala oluhlaza othambile, olinganayo, onwebekayo; emabangeni akhethekile—amahlumela aphelele amile amile.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:

Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini (水浸出物): Ezirekhodiwe ezingama-49.8%—ngamaphesenti angama-12.8 ngaphezu kwezinga likazwelonke (37%). Lesi yisinye sezinkomba eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase-China, okuchaza ukujiya nokunotha okungavamile kokunambitheka.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): ≥ 4.33%—inkomba evelele, enikeza ukusha okugqamile kanye nobumnandi.
Ama-polyphenols (茶多酚): 26.6–29.7%—okuqukethwe okuphakeme ngokuphakathi; isilinganiso sama-polyphenols nama-amino acid (酚氨比) cishe singu-6–7, okuyi-harmonic kakhulu futhi kubonisa isiqondiso “sokusha” esigqamile lapho kugcinwa ukujiya.
I-caffeine (咖啡碱): 4.46%.
Ama-catechin: Okuqukethwe okuphelele—158.36 mg/g; ama-EGCG kanye nama-EGC adlula.
Ama-Mineral: Okuqukethwe kwe-zinc (Zn) kanye ne-manganese (Mn) okukhulu, kanti i-aluminium (Al) kanye ne-fluorine (F) kuncishisiwe; kukhona i-selenium (Se). Le profayili ye-mineral eyingqayizivele iwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kwenhlabathi ene-purple shale.
Ama-Vithamini: UVithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B.

8. Izinzuzo zezempilo:

Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenols etiye aqeda ama-radical amahhala; okuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-EGCG kuhlanganiswa nomsebenzi ogqamile we-antioxidant.
Umphumela wokukhuphula amandla: I-caffeine ehlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza ukuqina okuhamba kancane nokucaca kwengqondo.
Ukusekela umzimba ogcina amafutha: Ama-catechin kanye nama-theaflavin asiza ekulinganiseni iphrofayili ye-cholesterol.
Ukusekela impilo yamathambo: Ngokusho kweminye imininingwane, ama-catechin akhuthaza ukwehlukana kwama-osteoblast.
Ukusekela impilo yomlomo: Okuqukethwe okuphakathi kwe-fluorine kanye nama-polyphenols kusiza ekunciphiseni i-plaque yamazinyo.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama-polyphenols kanye nama-amino acid alinganisela ukusebenza kwepheshana lokugaya ngemva kokudla.
Ukunothisa nge-mineral: I-zinc yemvelo, i-manganese, kanye ne-selenium evela enhlabathini ensomi zinosizo emzimbeni wokulwa nezifo kanye nokushintshaniswa kwezakhi zomzimba.

Okubalulekile: lolu ulwazi olujwayelekile, akusona iseluleko sezokwelapha.

9. Ukwenziwa kwetiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C (abilise bese uyekela amahora amabili ukuphola).
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (ingilazi yengilazi) noma 5 g ku-gaiwan 120 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi ekhanyayo—ilungele ukubuka “umdanso wezinhlanzi ezisiliva”; i-gaiwan emhlophe yamatshe—ilungele ukulawula ukukhishwa nokuhlola iphunga lesembozo.
Inqubo (ingilazi yengilazi, indlela yokuthela emaphakathi—中投法):
1. Shisisa ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela amanzi engxenyeni engu-1/3 yomthamo (80–85 °C).
3. Thela u-3 g womtiye, unyakazise kancane ukuze umanzwe futhi ukhulule iphunga (ukulinda imizuzwana engama-30).
4. Thela amanzi afinyelele ku-7/10 yomthamo.
5. Linda imizuzu emibili. Lapho uthela okulandelayo, andisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engama-30; shiya u-1/3 wokuphuza engilazini ngaphambi kokuthela amanzi amasha.
Inqubo (gaiwan):
1. Shisisa i-gaiwan.
2. Ukuphuza kokuqala—amazinga akhethekile ayenziwa ngaphandle kokugeza (首泡精华无需洗茶); bheka ukuma kwamaqabunga—“izinanzi” ezime mpo kuyisibonakaliso sobuqiniso.
3. Ukuphuza okulandelayo cishe imizuzwana eyi-15–20, ukwandisa ngemizuzwana emi-5–10. Kuze kube yizi-4–5 zokuphuza.
Ukuqaphela: Izinga lokushisa elifanele lokunambitha lingu-45–55 °C. Akunconywa ukuthi uphuze ngesisu esingenalutho (ama-tannin angacasula ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi). Ukwenziwa kwetiye ebusuku akumele kusetshenziswe.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakishwa okuvaliwe; ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, emswakameni, nasemakheni.
Okufanele: 0–5 °C (ifriji) esitsheni esivaliwe.
Ngemva kokuvula—sebenzisa kungakapheli inyanga eyodwa.
Itiye elisha linconywa ukuba lilindelwe izinsuku ezi-5–7 endaweni emnyama “ukuphumula” ekushiseni okukhiqizwayo ngaphambi kokuphuza.

11. Intengo kanye nokugwema umgunyathi:

Isigaba sentengo: Ibanga elikhethekile (贡品级, “izinga lomnikelo ophakeme”)—i-Jiétān Yínzhēn esuka kuma-buds angawodwa okuvuna kwentwasahlobo (春分茶)—cishe ama-yuan ayi-1,600 ngejin (500 g). Ibanga lokuqala—ama-yuan ayi-400–800 ngejin. Ibanga lesibili—itiye elingabizi lokuphuza nsuku zonke.
Izinto ezichaphazela intengo: Izinga lezinto zokusetshenziswa, inkathi yonyaka (mingqian/yuqian), ubudala bezihlahla (izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphuma ezihlahleni ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-150—zibiza kakhulu), ingxenye yokusebenza ngesandla.
Indlela yokugwema imigunyahi:
- Thenga kubakhiqizi abagunyaziwe abanelungelo lophawu “碣滩茶” (esifundeni kunamabhizinisi angaphezu kwama-30 anelayisense).
- Hlola uphawu lokubhalwa kwendawo.
- I-Jiétān Lǜchá yangempela ibonakala ngezindwani eziningi ezisiliva “ezinesisekelo esiluhlaza okuvelayo” (隐翠显毫)—iqabunga elingenazindwani likhombisa ukushintshwa.
- Hlola iphunga lenkomishi epholile: i-Jiétān yangempela igcina iphunga le-castnut isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amathathu ngemva kokushiywa ingenalutho; umgunyathi ulahlekelwa iphunga emizuzwini embalwa.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iyisizathu sokungabaza: ukukhishwa okungavamile okuphakeme okurekhodiwe (49.8%) akunakufezeka ngokomzimba ngezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphansi entabeni.

12. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo:

Isenzakalo sango-1972—singesinye sezikhathi eziphawuleka kakhulu “zokuxoxisana ngetiye nobunxusa” emlandweni we-PRC: u-Zhou Enlai ngokwakhe wayengazi lapho itiye lase-Jiétān lakhiqizwa khona, futhi wayala uMnyango Wezolimo ukuba ulifune “kusukela phezulu kuya phansi” ngokusebenzisa isakhiwo sokuphatha. Leli tiye latholakala emasimini amadala asezintabeni, lapho ngo-1972 kwambiwa khona izikhuni ezingaphezu kwezi-2,000 zezihlahla zetiye zakudala, okuqinisekisa ubudala bokulinywa kwazo.
Isici esiyingqayizivele esithi “umuntu oyedwa uphuza itiye—indlu yonke igcwala iphunga” (一人品茶满屋香气)—akusikho ukubabaza kwezinkondlo: okuqukethwe okukhulu kwe-essential oils eziguquguqukayo empeleni kudala umkhondo wephunga ophawulekayo lapho kwenziwa itiye.
Izinto ezikhiphekayo ezincibilika emanzini—49.8%: lokhu kusho ukuthi cishe ingxenye yesisindo setiye elomile ishintsha ibe ngukuphuza, okuyisinye sezinkomba eziqophe umlando phakathi kwawo wonke amatiye aluhlaza ase-China.
Ngo-2018, isampuli le-Jiétān Lǜchá yamukelwa eqoqweni le-National Museum ye-China (中国国家博物馆) njengesampuli elimele itiye eliluhlaza lesimanje.
Isazi sesikhathi se-Ming u-Wang Yangming (王阳明, Wáng Yángmíng) ngo-1510, efundisa ethempelini lase-Longxing (龙兴讲寺) e-Yuanling, waphuza itiye lase-Jiétān elalilethiwe abafundi bakhe.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Jiétān Chá:

I-Jiétān Yínzhēn (碣滩银针, Jiétān Yínzhēn): “Izinaliti Ezisiliva zase-Jiétān”—ibanga eliphezulu kunawo wonke, umkhiqizo okhethekile womnikelo ophakeme. Ama-buds angawodwa, ukuma—kuqondile, kunjengenaliti; izindwani ezimhlophe eziningi. Ubumnandi obugqamile nobuthambile; ibuhlungu obuncane kakhulu. Okungajwayelekile kakhulu futhi okubizayo.
I-Jiétān Máojiān (碣滩毛尖, Jiétān Máojiān): Uhlobo oluyinhloko lokuhweba. I-bud eneqabunga elilodwa, lisontekile kahle; iphunga le-castnut lakudala, ukusha kanye ne-huigan. Isilinganiso esihle sentengo nekwalithi.
I-Jiétān Cuìfēng (碣滩翠峰, Jiétān Cuìfēng): “Iziqongo Eziluhlaza zase-Jiétān”—itiye elivamile elenziwa nge-bud enamaqabunga amabili; ukunambitheka okunamandla, okuqinile; ukukwazi ukuphuza isikhathi eside. Kuthathwa njengetiye lokuphuza nsuku zonke.

Ngaphandle kwetiye eliluhlaza, ngaphansi kophawu “Jiétān” kuphinde kukhiqizwe itiye elibomvu (碣滩红茶) kanye netiye elimnyama (碣滩黑茶), kodwa eliluhlaza—ingumlando futhi ngumeli ohlonishwa kakhulu walolu phawu.

Ekuphethweni:

I-Jiétān Lǜchá yitiye elinesiphetho esimangalisayo: ukusuka kumnikelo wombuso ophakeme wohlanga lwe-Tang ngokusebenzisa ukukhohlakala nokulahleka kuze kufike ekuvuselelweni, okuqalwe yisenzakalo sobunxusa bamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ngale kwalokho—kwafika esikhundleni sokuba ngomunye wamatiye aluhlaza ase-China abalulekile. Ukukhishwa okungavamile okuphezulu kwayo, iphunga le-castnut elikhanyayo elinothi “elibandayo” eliyingqayizivele, kanye nombukiso obukekayo “wezinhlanzi ezisiliva” engilazini yengilazi akwenza kube ukuzithokozisa nje kuphela kolwanga, kodwa futhi kube ngumlingiso wetiye wangempela. Kumaqoqayo amatiye aluhlaza ase-China, i-Jiétān iyithole elingavamile futhi eliyigugu: itiye lapho umlando weminyaka eyinkulungwane, indawo yokulima engapheli enenhlabathi ensomi, kanye nobungcweti babalimi betiye base-Hunan kuhlangana ndawonye enkomishini ngayinye.