Jiétān Hóngchá

Jiétān Hóngchá yitiye elibomvu lomndeni odumile wamatiye e-Jiétān (碣滩茶), akhiqizwa esifundeni sase-Yuánlíng (沅陵县, Yuánlíng Xiàn) esifundazweni sase-Húnán. I-Jiétān ngokuyinhloko iyitiye eliluhlaza eliyinganekwane, elalinikelwa enkantolo yombuso kusukela ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaTang, kodwa ngokuthuthuka kwemboni yetiye yesifunda kwadalwa nohlu olubomvu lwe-“Jiétān Hóng” (碣滩红). Lolu hlu luhlanganisa i-terroir yeminyaka eyinkulungwane yase-Wǔlíng Shān nobuchwepheshe bendabuko base-Húnán be-Hú Hóng gōngfū (湖红工夫) kanye nezinguquko zesimanje, luveze ukunotha kwempahla eluhlaza yasezintabeni ngenye indlela ehluke ngokuphelele — enezimbali nezithelo nobumnandi bezinyosi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseShayina (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidized ngokuphelele.
• Isigaba: I-Hú Hóng gōngfū yesifunda sase-Húnán (湖红工夫, Hú Hóng Gōngfū). Iyingxenye yohlu lomkhiqizo we-“Jiétān chá” (碣滩茶), oluvikelwe isibonakaliso sendawo esisemthethweni. I-Jiétān chá wumkhiqizo oyinhlanganisela ehlanganisa amatiye aluhlaza, abomvu namnyama (hēi).
• Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Húnán (湖南省, Húnán Shěng), idolobha lase-Huáihuà (怀化市, Huáihuà Shì), isifunda sase-Yuánlíng (沅陵县). Indawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza itholakala ezintabeni zase-Wǔlíng (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān) nase-Xuěfēng (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān), nhlangothi zombili zomfula i-Yuánshuǐ (沅水) ne-Yǒushuǐ (酉水). Igama elithi “Jiétān” lisuselwa entabeni i-Jiétānshān (碣滩山) ogwini olusenyakatho lwe-Yuánshuǐ — umnyombo womlando wokukhiqizwa kwetiye. Uhlamvu 碣 (jié) lusho “itshe lesikhumbuzo”, kanti 滩 (tān) lusho “umfula ogubhayo/wumsele ongashoni”: igama lichaza amadwala ami phakathi komfula ogijimayo, njengamatshe esikhumbuzo.
• Izixhumanisi zokuma: cishe 28°27′ N, 110°24′ E (indawo eseduze nentaba i-Jiétānshān); amasimu etiye esifunda atholakala nge-latitude engaba ngu-28° N — endaweni okuthiwa “yibhande legolide” lokukhiqizwa kwetiye lekhwalithi ephezulu eliluhlaza nelibomvu emhlabeni.

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Isiko letiye lase-Yuánlíng linomlando obhaliwe owodlula iminyaka engu-1 800. Umbhalo weNtshonalanga Jin othi “Jīngzhōu tǔdì jì” (《荆州土地记》, cishe ngekhulu lesi-3–4) uphawula: “Izifunda eziyisikhombisa zase-Wǔlíng zikhiqiza itiye, futhi yilona elingcono kakhulu” — i-Yuánlíng yayingaphakathi kwalezi zifunda eziyisikhombisa. Umbhali waseMpumalanga Jin u-Péi Yuān (裴渊) encwadini ethi “Kūn yuán lù” (《坤元录》) ukhuluma ngentaba i-Wúshè Shān (无射山, Wúshè Shān) njengendawo “lapho kunezihlahla eziningi zetiye”; le ntaba isendaweni yesifunda sase-Yuánlíng futhi ngowezi-2016 yathola isikhundla “sokuba yintaba yetiye engumlando waseShayina” (中国茶文化历史名山) ku-China Tea Circulation Association. Umfundisi wetiye u-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “Chájīng” (《茶经》, ngawo-760) ubhekisa entabeni efanayo i-Wúshè. Ngokwenganekwane, cishe ngo-710 AD, isancinza senkosi u-Ruìzōng (睿宗, Ruìzōng) u-Hú Fèngjiāo (胡凤娇), ongowokuzalwa e-Yuánlíng, waletha itiye lendawo enkantolo; inkosi yayala ukuthi linikelwe minyaka yonke njenge-gòngchá (贡茶) — “isipho sombuso”. Itiye lase-Jiétān lahlala liyisipho sombuso ngesikhathi samakhosi akwaSong, Yuan, Ming noQing. Ngesikhathi sama-Ming itiye lalibizwa nge-“Chénzhōu Jiétān chá” (辰州碣滩茶). Ngesikhathi seRiphabhulikhi (1930s) isifunda sasingomunye wabakhiqizi betiye abahamba phambili e-Húnán: amasimu angu-3.13 wàn mǔ (cishe amahektha angu-2 100), umkhiqizo ongaphezu kwamathani angu-500 ngonyaka; amatiye abomvu naluhlaza ayethunyelwa emazweni angaphandle ngamachweba oMfula i-Yángzǐ. Izimpi kanye nezinxushunxushu zomphakathi ezalandela kwaholela ekonakaleni; ngawo-1970 amasimu ayecishe alahlwa ngokuphelele. Ngo-1972 uNdunankulu waseJaphan u-Tanaka Kakuei ngesikhathi evakashele eShayina washo engxoxweni no-Zhōu Ēnlái itiye eliyimfihlakalo lase-Jiétān, walibiza nge-“tiye lobungani phakathi kweShayina neJaphan” (中日友好之茶). Lokhu kwavusa intshisekelo yokuvuselela: amasimu avuselelwa, kwathi ngo-1982 ukukhiqizwa kwaqala kabusha. Ngo-2010 embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe wetiye e-Shànghǎi, itiye lase-Jiétān lathola umklomelo ophakeme — “Indondo Eyisipesheli Yegolide” (特别金奖) phakathi kwamasampuli angu-1 600. Mhla zingama-28 kuNdasa 2011, i-General Administration of Quality Supervision (国家质检总局) yanikeza itiye lase-Jiétān isikhundla somkhiqizo onesibonakaliso sendawo (地理标志产品). Uhlu lwe-“Jiétān Hóng” (碣滩红茶) lwasungulwa kamuva — ngaphakathi kwesu lokwandisa izinhlobo zomkhiqizo, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-Hú Hóng gōngfū kanye nenqubo ethuthukisiwe yokuvutshelwa. Ngo-2023 indawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni yafinyelela ku-18.3 wàn mǔ (cishe amahektha angu-12 200), umthamo wokukhiqiza wangonyaka — amathani angu-15 000, inani elihlanganisiwe — cishe amabhiliyoni angu-23 wama-yuan; amabhizinisi etiye angaphezu kuka-120.
• Igama: 碣 (jié) — “itshe lesikhumbuzo” (umfanekiso wedwala elimi); 滩 (tān) — “umfula ogubhayo, umsele ongashoni”; sekuhlanganisiwe “Jiétān” ichaza ukuma komhlaba okuyingqayizivele kwe-Yuánshuǐ eduze nentaba i-Jiétānshān — umfula ogijimayo lapho kuphakeme khona amadwala afana namatshe esikhumbuzo. 红茶 (hóngchá) — “itiye elibomvu”. Ngakho-ke, i-“Jiétān Hóngchá” — “itiye elibomvu laseMfuleni Ogunyamazayo Wamatshe”.
• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Itiye lase-Jiétān lingelinye lamatiye asendulo kunawo wonke ase-Húnán, elihlala lifakwa ohlwini “lwamatiye adumile aseShayina” (中国名茶). Kuxhunyaniswa ne-Yuánlíng amagama ka-Qū Yuán, Liǔ Yǔxī, Lǐ Bái, Wáng Chānglíng, Wáng Yángmíng no-Shěn Cóngwén — bonke, ngokwezinganekwane, baphuza itiye lendawo. U-Shěn Cóngwén wayibiza i-Yuánlíng ngokuthi “yizwe lakhe lesibili” futhi wabhala ukuthi “ubuhle base-Yuánlíng buwubuhle obufinyeza inhliziyo”. Itiye lase-Jiétān lifakiwe embukisweni we-“Zhōngguó míng chá lù” (《中国名茶录》 — “IRejista Yamatiye Adumile AseShayina”). I-Yuánlíng yanamuhla ikhuthaza umqondo wezokuvakasha kwetiye, ihlanganisa amasimu etiye, inqaba yomlando wezempi i-Chénlóngguān (辰龙关) kanye nomzila wasendulo wezinqola i-Chámǎgǔdào (茶马古道).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

• Inhlobo / Uhlobo lwembewu: Impahla eluhlaza ye-Jiétān Hóngchá itholakala ezinhlotsheni ezithuthukisiwe (良种, liángzhǒng) zesihlahla setiye Camellia sinensis, eziguqulelwe ezimweni zase-Wǔlíng Shān. Isilinganiso sezinhlobo ezithuthukisiwe esifundeni sidlula ama-80%. Izihlahla zetiye zingaphansi kweqembu letiye lase-Yúnguì (云贵茶叶组系), okunquma ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-amino acid, i-caffeine namafutha aphunga kamnandi. Kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane (var. sinensis) kanye nezamaqabunga aphakathi.
• Ukuvuna: Etiyeni elibomvu ukuvuna okuhle kakhulu — ngaphambi ko-Qīngmíng (清明, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) nangesikhathi sasentwasahlobo yokuqala; amaqabunga amancane anamandla nophezulu aqukethe inani eliphezulu lezinto eziphunga kamnandi.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amancane ayi-1–2 (嫩鲜叶, nèn xiānyè); emazingeni aphakeme — amahlumela athambile, afanayo anokuvuleka okuncane kweqabunga.
• Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa kumele liphelele, lingenalimaza yomshini; ukulethwa efektri kungenakulibala.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokulima:

• Ukuphakama kokutshala: Amasimu amakhulu — 400–600 m, iziza ezithile — zifinyelela ku-800–1 000 m. Ingadi yetiye eyinhloko yomlando entabeni i-Jiétānshān itholakala ekuphakameni okungaba ngu-100–200 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, ngqo phezu komfula i-Yuánshuǐ.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon, esinomswakama. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 16.6 °C; imvula yonyaka ephakathi — 1 441 mm; isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingu-272. Ichibi le-Wǔqiángxī (五强溪水库), elakhiwe isiteshi esikhulu sikagesi ngamanzi, lidala isimo sezulu esincane sohlobo lwechibi (库区小气候): umswakama ophakeme, inkungu eningi kanye nokwehluka okuncishisiwe kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nemini nobusuku. Isisho sendawo sithi: “Phakathi nehlobo elishisayo lapha kupholile njengekwindla; amafu nenkungu kugijima njengamagagabi unyaka wonke” (三伏暑天如寒秋，四季云雾泛浪头). Izimo ezinjalo zinomthelela ekuqoqekeni kwama-amino acid, i-caffeine namafutha anephunga emaqabungeni.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu (红壤), ephuzi (黄壤) kanye nenhlabathi engavamile enesihlabathi nobumba onsomi (紫色岩土, zǐsè yántǔ) — uhlobo oluyivelakancane eShayina, oluthatha endaweni yase-Yuánlíng indawo engamakhulu ambalwa amakhilomitha-skwele. Ukusabela okune-asidi (pH 4.5–5.5), izinto eziphilayo ≥ 2%, ukujula kongqimba lwenhlabathi ≥ 60 cm. Inhlabathi ensomi inothile ngama-microelements.
• Imvelo: Isilinganiso samahlathi esifundeni — 76.19%. Izintaba zase-Wǔlíng nase-Xuěfēng zihlangana e-Yuánlíng, kwakha izinhlobonhlobo zezimo zezulu ezincane. Imifula i-Yuánshuǐ ne-Yǒushuǐ — imizila yomlando “yomzila wasolwandle wesilika netiye” (海上丝绸茶路) — inqamula isifunda, igcina umswakama womoya usezingeni elifanele izihlahla zetiye. Izingadi zetiye zimsulwa ngokwemvelo: ngenxa yokuqina kwemvelo kwezitshalo, okuqinisekiswa ukunotha kwenhlabathi kanye nokungabikho kongcoliswa yizimboni, izifo zezihlahla zetiye ziyivelakancane, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nomanyolo wamaminerali akusetshenziswa. I-Yuánlíng iphakathi “kwezifunda eziyishumi ezihamba phambili zokukhiqiza itiye ngokwemvelo eShayina” (全国十大生态产茶县).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Jiétān Hóngchá ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe be-Hú Hóng gōngfū (湖红工夫, itiye elibomvu lase-Húnán elicutshungulwe ngobuciko) kugxilwe ekuvutshelweni okunobumnene, okuveza amandla amakha aphakeme empahla eluhlaza yasezintabeni.

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga ayi-1–2, ukuvuna ngesandla noma ngomshini ngezikhathi zasekuseni, okungcono uma isimo sezulu somile.
• Ukubuna (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Iqabunga elisha linwetshwa ngongqimba omncane emathreyini oqalo noma emashalofini akhethekile; ubude nokuqina kokubuna kulawulwa kuye ngomswakama nezinga lokushisa. Isilinganiso: iqabunga lilahlekelwa umfutho, lithambe futhi linwebe kalula; umswakama uyehla.
• Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukusonga ngomshini noma ngesandla ukuze kuphulwe izindonga zamangqamuzana bese kukhishwa ijusi ngaphezulu. Kwakheka ukusonga okuqinile, okuncane (条索紧细, tiáosuǒ jǐnxì).
• I-oxidation / ukuvutshelwa (发酵 — fājiào): Isigaba esiyinhloko esinquma isimo se-“Jiétān Hóng”. Iqabunga elisongiwe lifakwa ezimeni ezilawulwayo (izinga lokushisa 22–28 °C, umswakama 90–95%) amahora angu-4–6. Ubungqayizivele benqubo busebangeni elikhethwe ngokucophelela le-oxidation, evumela ukugcinwa kokuphola kwezimbali okuyisici sempahla eluhlaza yase-Yuánlíng yasezintabeni. Isilinganiso: iqabunga lithola umbala obomvu-ngokhokho, kwavela iphunga elimnandi lezithelo.
• Ukomiswa / ukufudumeza (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Izigaba ezimbili: ukwesekwa kokuqala (烘焙) kumisa i-oxidation, bese ukwesekwa kwesibili (复干, fùgān) ezingeni lokushisa elipholile kuzinzisa amakha futhi kwehlisa umswakama ufinyelele ezingeni eliphephile ukugcina.
• Ukuhlela (分级 — fēnjí): Ukulinganisa ngokosayizi wengxenye, ukususa iziqu eziqinile kanye namaqabunga angalingani.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Ukusonga okuncane, okuqinile (条索紧细); umbala — umnyama, kunokucwebezela okunamafutha (色泽乌润, sèzé wūrùn); ukufana kuphezulu.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elisha lezimbali nezithelo elinamathoni ezinyosi kanye nephunga elincane lesinkwa; uhlanzeko “nokungafihli” kwephunga kuyisici — ngaphandle kwamathoni asindayo noma agcizelelayo.
• Iphunga lenhlanganisela: Eliqhakazile, elinezendlalelo eziningi: amathoni ezimbali (i-orchid, umkhokhasi), ezithelo (ipentshisi, ibhilikosi eyomisiwe), ezinyosi; iphunga lichazwa ngokuthi “芬芳鲜爽” (fēnfāng xiānshuǎng — “elinephunga elimnandi nelisha”). Ukuqina kwephunga — kuphezulu: iphunga lizwakala ngokusobala nakude nenkomishi.
• Ukunambitheka: Okugcwele emlonyeni (醇厚, chúnhòu), okumnandi (甘甜, gāntián), nokunotheka okuthambile kwezithelo kanye nokukrakra okuncane. Ukunambitheka kwamuva — okude, “nokubuya okumnandi” kwezinyosi (回甘). Ukungabibikho kokubaba nokufinyeza kuyisici esihlukile, esibangelwa ukugcwala okuphezulu kwama-amino acid empahleni eluhlaza.
• Umbala wenhlanganisela: Obomvu ngokugqamile, ohlanzekile, nokungafihli okuhle (汤色红亮, tāngsè hóngliàng); emazingeni aphakeme — unomphela wegolide ogqamile.
• Iphansi letiye (iqabunga elidaliwe): Lithambile, libomvu-ngokhokho, linombala ofanayo (叶底细嫩红亮, yèdǐ xìnèn hóngliàng); amaqabunga aphelele, avuleke kahle.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Ingqikithi yama-polyphenol — iphakathi nendawo (iphansi kunaleyo yamatiye abomvu asezindaweni eziphansi), kugxilwe kuma-theaflavin (TF) nama-thearubigin (TR), aqinisekisa umbala obomvu ohlanzekile nokuthambile kokuthungwa. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-TF/TR sinquma “uphila” nokungafihli kwenhlanganisela.
• Ama-Amino Acid: Ukugcwala okuphakeme kwe-L-theanine (ngenxa yesimo sezulu esinenkungu yasezintabeni kanye nenhlabathi ensomi). I-Theanine iyona eqinisekisa ubumnandi obuyisici se-Jiétān Hóng ngaphandle kobumnandi obufana noshukela kanye nesimo esithambile “esinomndeni” sokunambitheka.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine (2–4% wesisindo esomile), i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Ukusebenzisana ne-L-theanine kunikeza umphumela omuhle wokuvuselela.
• Amavithamini: Ivithamini C (igcinwa kancane ngesikhathi sokumiswa okunobumnene ngezigaba ezimbili), amavithamini eqembu B, ivithamini K.
• Amaminerali: I-Zinc, i-manganese, i-selenium, i-potassium, i-iron — akhombisa ukunotha kwamaminerali enhlabathini ensomi.
• Amafutha aphunga kamnandi nezinhlanganisela eziguquguqukayo: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerolidol, i-β-ionone — zakha iphunga eliqhakazile lezimbali nezithelo. Isici esikhethekile sempahla eluhlaza yase-Jiétān — ukugcwala okungavamile okuphezulu kwamafutha anephunga, okunikeza itiye “iphunga elikude” (远香): isici lapho iphunga lizwakala ligqamile lapho usesikhaleni esikude nenkomishi.

8. Izinzuzo Zasempilweni:

• Kuvuselela ngobumnene, kuthuthukisa ukugxila nokusebenza kwengqondo ngokusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine.
• Kunomthelela we-antioxidant: ama-theaflavin nama-catechin asalayo ahlanganisa ama-radical akhululekile.
• Kuyafudumeza futhi kusekela ukugaya okunethezekile; itiye elibomvu linomthelela omuhle olweluswini olumboza isisu (暖胃).
• Kusiza impilo yohlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: ama-polyphenol etiye elibomvu anikela ekuqineni kwemithambo.
• Kusekela amasosha omzimba ngenxa yamavithamini namaminerali (ikakhulukazi i-zinc ne-selenium).
• Kusiza ekususeni ukukhathala nasekuvuseleleni ngemuva kwengcindezi yengqondo.
• Kunomthelela omuhle wokuphumula — iphunga elicebile lezimbali ne-L-theanine kunomthelela ekwehliseni ukukhathazeka.
• Kuqukethe i-fluoride nama-polyphenol, awusizo empilweni yomlomo: ukuqinisa koqweqwe lwamazinyo nokucindezela izilwanyane ezibangela ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-manganese kusiza ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwezicubu zamathambo futhi kuhlanganyele ekusetshenzisweni kwe-carbohydrate.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C ezinhlotsheni ezijwayelekile; 85–90 °C emazingeni athambile amahlumela.
• Inani letiye: 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml (gōngfū); 2–3 g ku-200–250 ml (ukugxilisa enkomishini).
• Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn yobumba olumhlophe (盖碗) engu-100–120 ml — ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kokuveza iphunga lezimbali; itiyela lobumba; itiyela lengilazi (ukuze ujabulele umbala wenhlanganisela ngokubuka).
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza i-gàiwǎn noma itiyela ngamanzi abilayo.
  2. Faka itiye, umboze ngesembozo imizuzwana engu-3–5 — uphefumulele “iphunga elomile”.
  3. Ukugeza (uma uthanda): thela amanzi ngokushesha imizuzwana eyi-1–2, uwachithe.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-5–8; jabulela ukuvela okuqhakazile kwezimbali.
  5. Ukuthela kwesibili nokulandelayo: engeza isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-3–5.
  6. Inani lokuthela: 6–8 (izinhlobo zasezintabeni eziphakeme — zifinyelela ku-10). Kunconywa ukunaka ukuguquka kwephunga: kusukela kwelimbali kuye kwelesithelo bese kuba ngelesinyosi. Uma wenza ngendlela yaseYurophu — 3–4 g ku-300 ml, ukugxilisa imizuzu engu-3–4; le ndlela iveza kahle ingxenye yezithelo.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivalekile esingabonisi ukukhanya, endaweni epholile eyomile (10–25 °C), kude nelanga eliqondile namaphunga angaphandle. Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga ezingu-12–18 ezinhlotsheni zasentwasahlobo ezithambile kanye nezinyanga ezingafinyelela kwezingu-24 kulezo ezisindayo. Ukugcina esiqandisini akudingeki. Ngokungafani ne-Jiétān chá eluhlaza, uhlobo olubomvu luzinzile kakhulu ekugcinweni, kodwa alwenzelwe ukuguga isikhathi eside.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

I-Jiétān Hóngchá isesigabeni samanani aphakathi phakathi kwamatiye abomvu ase-Húnán. Izindleko zincike ezingeni (okuqukethwe amahlumela), ekuphakameni kokutshalwa kwempahla eluhlaza, enkathini yokuvuna (eyasentwasahlobo yokuqala — iyabiza kakhulu) kanye nasekubeni khona kwesitifiketi se-“Jiétān chá” esinesibonakaliso sendawo. Umkhiqizo uthengiswa ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yezitolo ezingaphezu kuka-300 ezikhethekile kulo lonke elaseShayina, kanye nangama-inthanethi.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  1. Thenga imikhiqizo enophawu “碣滩茶” kanye nophawu lwesibonakaliso sendawo (地理标志产品), olukhishwe yi-General Administration of Quality (国家质检总局).
  2. Naka ukubukeka: i-Jiétān Hóngchá yangempela ingafaniswa ngokusonga okuncane okuqinile, ukucwebezela okunamafutha nokufana kwengxenye.
  3. Iphunga kumele lihlanzekile, libe lezimbali nezithelo, ngaphandle kwamathoni amakhemikhali noma “ashile”.
  4. Inhlanganisela — engagqanyazwa, ebomvu ngokugqamile; inhlanganisela enodaka noma emnyama-ngokusabumnyama ifakazela ukwephulwa kobuchwepheshe noma ukumiselela.
  5. Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo yomkhiqizo onophawu lwe-GI — yisizathu sokungabaza ubuqiniso.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Itiye lase-Jiétān — “itiye lobungani phakathi kweShayina neJaphan”: yileli igama elanikezwa nguNdunankulu waseJaphan u-Tanaka Kakuei ngo-1972. Umlando waleli gama uxhumene nokuthi ngesikhathi sika-Tang ubuchwepheshe bokwenza itiye lase-Jiétān badluliselwa eJaphan naseNdiya ngeziteshi zokuxhumana.
• Ngokwenganekwane enhle yase-Húnán, isancinza senkosi u-Ruìzōng u-Hú Fèngjiāo (胡凤娇) lalingowokuzalwa e-Yuánlíng. Lapho ebuyela enkantolo, wama entabeni i-Jiétān, wazama itiye lendawo — futhi wahlabeka umxhwele kangangokuba waliletha enhlokodolobha. Inkosi yayala ukuthi leli tiye lihanjiswe enkantolo minyaka yonke. Namuhla igama lika-Fèngjiāo liqanjwe enye yezindawo ezinkulu zokulima itiye esifundeni (凤娇碣滩茶场).
• Umfundisi wefilosofi u-Wáng Yángmíng (王阳明, 1472–1529) wafundisa esigodlweni sezindela sase-Yuánlíng i-Lóngxīng (龙兴讲寺) futhi, ngokwemibhalo yendawo, wenza itiye alinikezwa abafundi bakhe — kwakuyi-Jiétān chá ngempela.
• Isici esiyingqayizivele semakha etiyeni lase-Jiétān — umkhuba “wephunga elikude” (远香): umuntu ohlezi eduze kwenkomishi uzwa iphunga ngamandla amancane kunalowo osesikhaleni esingamanyathelo ambalwa. Lesi sici sichazwa ngefomula ethi: “oseduze — udakwe futhi akalizwa iphunga; okude — omile futhi ulithola liphindwe kabili” (近者因醉而不闻其香，远者因渴倒倍觉芬芳).
• Ngo-2016 intaba i-Wúshè Shān (无射山, Wúshè Shān) e-Yuánlíng — leyo okukhulunywa ngayo e-“Chájīng” ka-Lù Yǔ — yathola isikhundla “sokuba yintaba yetiye engumlando waseShayina” ku-China Tea Circulation Association kanye ne-International Tea Culture Research Society.
• I-Yuánlíng yisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Húnán ngokwendawo. Ubukhulu bayo buqhathaniseka nezwe elincane laseYurophu, kanti inani labantu abasebenza embonini yetiye lidlula ku-120 000 — lokhu cishe “kuyiriphabhulikhi yetiye” ngaphakathi kwesifundazwe.
• Ngo-1991 eMkhosini Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wamasiko Etiye e-Hángzhōu, itiye lase-Jiétān lahlonishwa nge-“International Cultural Famous Tea” (国际文化名茶) futhi laklonyeliswa ngendondo yegolide. Eminyakeni eyalandela, lawina izindondo zegolide eMqhudelwaneni Wesibili Nesesithathu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wamatiye Adumile (2001, 2002).

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:

• Hú Hóng Gōngfū (湖红工夫, Húhóng Gōngfū): Igama elijwayelekile lamatiye abomvu e-gōngfū ase-Húnán, ngokomlando ayekhiqizwa ezindaweni ezifana ne-Anhuà, Táoyuán, Línxiāng nezinye. I-Jiétān Hóng iwuhlobo lwesifunda lwe-Hú Hóng Gōngfū, oluhluke ngephunga lezimbali eliqhakazile kanye nesimo esithambile, “esingenantuthu kangako”, okubangelwa i-terroir eyingqayizivele (inhlabathi ensomi, isimo sezulu esincane sechibi).
• Jūnshān Yín Zhēn Hóngchá (君山银针红茶): Uhlobo olubomvu lwetiye elidume kakhulu eliphuzi lase-Dòngtíng. Linobumnandi “obugqamile” bezihloko ezimhlophe kanye nezinyosi, kanti i-Jiétān Hóng — igcwele emlonyeni kakhudlwana, inephrofayili egqamile yezimbali.
• Qí Mén Hóngchá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Isilinganiso se-Ānhuī se-gōngfū hóngchá esinephunga eliyisici “lase-Qímén” (祁门香) — ithoni eyinkimbinkimbi ye-orchid nezithelo ezomisiwe. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Qí Mén, i-Jiétān Hóng inephunga elisha, “elivulekile” elinokugqama kwezithelo kanye nethoni encane yezithelo ezomisiwe.
• Jiétān Lǜchá (碣滩绿茶, Jiétān Lǜchá): Uhlobo oluluhlaza lomkhiqizo ofanayo — itiye eliluhlaza eligoqekile elinephunga eliyisici le-castnut kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi. Womabili amatiye asebenzisa impahla eluhlaza efanayo yase-Wǔlíng Shān, kodwa ubuchwepheshe be-oxidation ephelele buguqula ngokuphelele iphrofayili: uhlobo oluluhlaza — olusha, olucwengekile, olunamakhambi ne-castnut; olubomvu — olufudumele, olunezinyosi nezimbali, olunomndeni.

Ukuphetha:

I-Jiétān Hóngchá — itiye elazalwa lapho kuhlangana khona izintaba ezimbili ezinkulu nemifula emibili, endaweni enenhlabathi ensomi nenkungu engapheli. Lithwala ifa leminyaka eyinkulungwane letiye lase-Yuánlíng, kodwa licatshangelwe kabusha ngesibuko sesiko letiye elibomvu lase-Húnán. Ukuqhakaza kwalo kwezimbali, ubumnandi bezinyosi kanye nokuthungwa okunomndeni kwenza libe nomdla kulabo abazisa amatiye e-gōngfū hóngchá akudala, kanye nakubathandi bamatiye abomvu alula, anephunga elimnandi. Zama i-Jiétān Hóng eduze “nomfowabo” oluhlaza — futhi uzobona ukuthi impahla eluhlaza efanayo yasezintabeni ingaziveza kanjani ngezindlela ezimbili ezihluke ngokuphelele, kodwa ezinhle ngokufanayo. Futhi uma uzithola use-Yuánlíng — ungaphuthelwa ukuvakashela isiqhingi setiye eMfuleni i-Yuánshuǐ, lapho ungahamba mathupha ngendlela kusukela eqabungeni elisha kuya enkomishini eselungile futhi uqonde ukuthi kungani leli tiye okungenani amakhulu eminyaka ayishumi nane lingazange lisuke ematafuleni etiye eShayina.