Jiétān Hēichá · new.thetea.app

IJiétān Hēichá iyinguqulo yokuvutshelwa kwasemuva kwetiyisi elidumile laseJietan (碣滩茶), elaziwa ngokomlando njenge‘green tea’ yezinga eliphezulu yesifundazwe saseHunan. Brand elithi «碣滩茶» lihlanganisa uhla oluphelele lwemikhiqizo — itiyisi eliluhlaza, elibomvu, elimhlophe, nelimnyama — ekhiqizwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela emasimini asezintabeni esifundeni saseYuanling. Inguqulo emnyama imele ukwandiswa kwesimanje komkhiqizo, iqondiswe endaweni ethengisa itiyisi elimnyama eligugile elinephrofayili ewu-‘chénxiāng’ (陈香) — iphunga elihlanzekile lokuguga.

1. Izigaba Nendabuko:

Uhlobo: Itiyisi elivutshelwe ngemuva (itiyisi elimnyama, hēichá — 黑茶, Hēichá). Izinga lokuvutshelwa lilawulwa ngesigaba sokummikimika kwamanzi (渥堆, wòduī) nokugugiswa okulandelayo.
Izigaba: Amatiyisi amnyama aseHunan (湖南黑茶, Húnán Hēichá); umugqa wezindawo ngaphansi kwe-brand elithi «Jietan Cha».
Indabuko: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), isifunda sase-Yuanling (沅陵县, Yuánlíng Xiàn), idolobha lase-Huaihua (怀化市, Huáihuà Shì). Izindawo eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza: indawo yezintaba yase-Jietanshan (碣滩山, Jiétān Shān) ogwini olusenyakatho lomfula i-Yuanshui (沅水, Yuánshuǐ), kanye nemizi yase-Guanzhuang (官庄镇), yase-Maxipu (麻溪铺镇), yase-Bei Rong (北溶乡) kanye neyase-Nanmupu (楠木铺乡).
Izixhumanisi ze-geographical: cishe 28.3–28.9° N, 110.0–111.0° E.
Amagama ahlukile: Jietan Cha Hei Cha (碣滩茶·黑茶) — njengengxenye ye-brand elihlangene elithi «碣滩茶» (Jiétān Chá).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umlando wetiyisi i-Jietan ulandelwa kusukela esikhathini se-Dynasty ezimbili zakwa-Jin (两晋, ngekhulu lesi-3 kuya kwele-5 CE), lapho incwadi ethi «Izincwadi Zomhlaba wase-Jingzhou» (《荆州土地记》, Jīngzhōu Tǔdì Jì) ibhala ukuthi «ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa zase-Wulin, kumi itiyisi yonkana, futhi imnandi kakhulu». Ukuduma konsukuza kweza ngesikhathi se-Dynasty yaseTang (唐, 618–907): ngokwe-«Chenzhou Fuzhi» (《辰州府志》), «phakathi kwamatiyisi esifunda, okusezingeni eliphezulu yileyese-Jietan, manje selinikelwa enkantolo njengengxenye yamalumbo». U-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ), umuntu ongcwele wetiyisi, encwadini yakhe ethi «Umthetho-sisekelo Wetiyisi» (《茶经》, Chájīng) wakhuluma nge-«ntaba yase-Wusheshan» (无射山, Wúshè Shān), abacwaningi abayichaza njengentaba esifundeni sase-Yuanling, lapho itiyisi yase-Jietan yayikhula khona kudala. Ngezikhathi ze-Ming ne-Qing (明清), itiyisi lalaziwa ngokuthi «Chenzhou Jietan Cha» (辰州碣滩茶, Chénzhōu Jiétān Chá).

Inganekwane ixhumanisa itiyisi nenkathi ye-Emperor Ruizong (睿宗, Ruìzōng, owabusa ngo-684–690 no-710–712): ngokomlando, umbuso wakusasa, ebhace eYuanling, wathanda itiyisi yasendaweni, kanti indodakazi yomnikazi, u-Hu Fengjiao (胡凤姣, Hú Fèngjiāo), yaba ngumkakhe futhi yaletha itiyisi yase-Jietan enhlokodolobha, okwathi ngemva kwalokho yamiswa njenge-tribute.

Ngo-1972, uNdunankulu waseJapan u-Tanaka Kakuei (田中角栄) ngesikhathi evakashele eChina washo itiyisi yase-Jietan enkulumweni no-Zhou Enlai (周恩来), wayichaza njengemangalisayo. Kamuva, itiyisi lathola igama elingekho emthethweni elithi «Ithembu Lobungane Phakathi kweChina neJapan» (中日友好之茶). Ngo-1973, ngesinyathelo sika-Zhou Enlai, kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wokuvuselela amasimu etiyisi aseJietan ayelahliwe, futhi ngo-1982 ukukhiqizwa kwase kuvuselelwe ngokuphelele. Ngo-2011, i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine yaseChina (AQSIQ) yanikeza i-«Jietan Cha» isikhali esivikelweyo sendawo yolwazi lwezindawo (地理标志保护产品). Inguqulo emnyama — i-Jiétān Hēichá — yavela njengengxenye yokuhlehlisa i-brand ngo-2010s, lapho izinkampani zendawo zaqala ukwazi ukukhiqiza itiyisi elimnyama kanye netiye oluhlaza, olubomvu nolomhlophe.
Igama:
- «Jietan» (碣滩, Jiétān): «碣» (jié) — itshe eliphakeme, insika yamatshe; «滩» (tān) — indawo engaphansi egelezayo emfuleni, umsele. Igama lendawo lisuselwa kumadwala amile kumaphasi aphakathi komfula i-Yuanshui, akhumbuza izinsika zamatshe.
- «Hēichá» (黑茶, Hēichá): «itiye elimnyama/elimnyama» — igama lesigaba samatiyisi avutshelwe ngemuva ekuhlelweni kwemibala kathandathu yama-Chinese.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Jietan Cha ingelinye lama-«Amatiyisi Ayishumi Adumile ase-Hunan» (湖南十大名茶) futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko letiyisi esifundeni sase-Yuanling, lapho amagama ezindawo angaphezu kuka-60 ahlobene netiyisi. Endaweni kuhlala uhlanga luka-Tujia (土家族) nama-Miao (苗族), amatiyisi abelokhu eyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke kanye nokwamukela izihambi. Inguqulo emnyama ihlangana ne-tradishini ye-hēichá yaseHunan, lapho amatiyisi anjalo ayejwayele ukudla okunamafutha amaningi, futhi asetshenziselwe ukusiza ekugayeni ukudla; ngaphezu kwalokho, ayesetshenziselwa ukulungisa iziphuzo ezinosawoti-ubisi phakathi kwabantu abayimizulane.

3. Incazelo Ye-Botani Nezinto Zokwenza Itiyisi:

Uhlobo / Isikhathi Sokutshala: KuseTheni kwezitshalo zetiye zendabuko zendawo (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng), ezinge-Southwestern (云贵, Yún-Guì) yohlobo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Izihlahla zizivumelanise kahle nemvelo eshumayelayo yezintaba. Eminyakeni yamuva, sekuqaliswe ukuguqula ingxenye yalezi zindawo kube izinhlobo ezingcono zesifundazwe ezinomkhiqizo ophakeme; isilinganiso sezitshalo eziye zathuthukiswa sifinyelela ku-80%.
Ukuvuna: Kweyona ndlela esetshenziselwa itiyisi elimnyama kusetshenziswa izinto zokuqala zasentwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo (清明, Qīngmíng — ekuqaleni kuka-April, kanye no-谷雨, Gǔyǔ — ekupheleni kuka-April) kunikeza izinto ezinamakha agqamile; ehlobo — iqabunga eliminyene elibabayo.
Izinga Lokuvuna: Nge-hēichá kuvunyelwe iqabunga elivuthiwe: 1 inkaba + amaqabunga ama-2–4 (一芽二至四叶, yī yá èr zhì sì yè). Ngezinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme, kukhethwa izinto eziphambili.
Izimfuneko Zezinto Zokwenza: Amaqabunga kufanele ahlanzekile, angenaphunga elingaqondakali, amasha futhi ephelele. Ukusuka ezindaweni eziphakeme (海拔 400–600 m nangaphezulu) kunikeza okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinamakha, kanti kuhlisa okuqukethwe kwe-cellulose eqinile.

4. Indawo Evundile Nezici Zokutshala:

Indawo kanye Nokuma Kwendawo: Isifunda sase-Yuanling sisemngceleni we-Wuling Mountains (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān) ne-Xuefeng Mountains (雪峰山, Xuěfēng Shān), emaphakathi nomfula i-Yuanshui. Indawo iyizintaba, inezigodi eziningi nemifula. Isifunda sinezintaba ezingaphezu kwe-100, ezingaphezu kwama-30 zazo ziphakeme ngaphezu kwe-1,000 m. Iningi lamasimu etiyisi lisendaweni ephakeme ngama-300–800 m ngaphezu komhlaba.
Ukuphakama Kokutshala: 300–800 m, ezinye izingxenyana eziphakeme — kuze kufike ku-1,000 m nangaphezulu. Cishe i-12 kulama-16 eziwumbu zamasimu angena ekilasini lezindawo eziphakeme.
Isimo Sezulu: Isimo sezulu esinomswakama osezingeni eliphansi-subtropical monsoon (中亚热带季风湿润气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe liyi-16.6°C, imvula yonyaka — 1,440.9 mm (isilinganiso esiphezulu e-Huaihua), isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-272. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi — 76.19%. Kuphawuleka ukufika kwenkungu okuqhubekayo kanye nomswakama omkhulu, ikakhulukazi eduze kwechibi lase-Wuqihu (五溪湖, Wǔxī Hú) — okuyichibi elikhulu lokufakelwa emanzini esifundazweni, elakha isimo sezulu esikhethekile «sohlobo lwedamu» (库区小气候).
Inhlabathi: Iningi lenhlabathi isendaweni yamatshe amancane e-metamorphic ase-Banxi Group (板溪群) — ama-slate kanye nama-phyllite anomlotha wentabamlilo. Kuphawuleka futhi inhlabathi ensundu ngokunsomi (紫色土, zǐsè tǔ) emadwaleni ensundu ngokunsomi — uhlobo oluyivelakancane eChina, olunothe ngezakhi zomzimba eziyingcosana. I-pH i-4.5–6.0 — elungile ezihlahleni zetiye. Inhlabathi inothile nge-selenium, i-zinc nezinye izakhi eziyingcosana.
Ukuphilisana nendabuko: Ingxenye enkulu yamasimu ihambisana namazinga okulima ngokwemvelo, ithole izitifiketi ngaphansi kwe-JONA (Japan) ne-IMO (European Union).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

IJiétān Hēichá ikhiqizwa ngequbo yamukelwe yaseHunan yetiyisi elimnyama ngesigaba esiyimpoqo sokufukwa kwamanzi. Inqubo ihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili: ukukhiqiza itiyisi elimnyama eluhlaza (黑毛茶, hēi máochá) nokulicubungula kabusha libe umkhiqizo ocindezelwe.

Isigaba I — Ukukhiqiza Itiyisi Elimnyama Eluhlaza (黑毛茶):

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kwezinto ezisezingeni le-1 inkaba + amaqabunga ama-2–4. Nge-hēichá kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izinto ezivuthiwe kakhulu kunaleyo esetshenziselwa eyaziwayo i-Jietan eluhlaza (lapho izinga kuyi-1 inkaba + iqabunga eli-1).
Ukushiyeka ukomisa / ukulinganisa umswakama (摊晾, tān liáng): Amaqabunga avuniwe alaliswa ngobungqwaba obuncane ezitifikeni zobuhlalu ukuze kukhishwe umswakama ongaphezulu nokulinganisa umswakama wezicubu. Isikhathi esisetshenzisiwe siyi-2–4 amahora.
Ukuqondisa / ‘ukubulala amaqabunga’ (杀青, shāqīng): Ukusebenza ngethemperetcha ephezulu ukuvala ama-enzyme nokumisa izinqubo zokukhishwa komoya. Kwezinto zomkhiqizo we-hēichá uma umswakama unganganisi, kuvunyelwe ukungeza amanzi ngesilinganiso se-10:1 (10 kg amaqabunga : 1 kg amanzi) ukuze kufudumale ngokulinganayo. Izinga lokushisa li-260–300°C ngesandla noma emgodini womshini.
Ukuhuzula okungazange kugxilisiswe (初揉, chūróu): Amaqabunga ahuzulwa ukuphula isakhiwo samaseli nokukhulula amajusi emisosheni, okuqinisekisa ukuthi itiyisi izoyeka kalula emanzini nokwenza izimo zokuvutshelwa kwe-microbiological.
Ukufukwa kwamanzi / ukuvutshelwa ngemuva (渥堆, wòduī): Lesi yisigaba esibalulekile esichaza ukuthi itiyisi ingaba sezigabeni ze-hēichá. Amaqabunga ahuzuliwe abekwe ezitobhini eziphakeme ngama-40–70 cm endaweni elawulwa ngokushisa nomswakama. Ngaphansi komthelela wama-microorganism (ama-yeast, izikhunta, amagciwane), kwenzeka ukuguqulwa okujulile kwe-biochemical: ingxenye yama-catechin iguqulelwa kwi-thearubigins ne-theaflavins (okungcono ukuthi ne-theabrownins), ubukhali bushelela, kanye nephrofayili ewu-«chénxiāng» yakheka. Isikhathi sihamba kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ama-2–3 ngokuya ngezimo.
Ukuhuzula okuhamba futhi (复揉, fùróu): Ukuhlela okungeziwe ngomshini ukunciphisa isakhiwo seqabunga nokwenza kahle isimo.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào): Ukushiyeka ukomisa ngethemperetcha ephansi kuze kufike emswakameni osele cishe u-10–12%.

Isigaba II — Ukucindezelwa nokugugiswa:

Ukuhlunga nokuhlanganisa (筛选拼配, shāixuǎn pīnpèi): Itiyisi eluhlaza lihlungwa ngokwezingxenyana bese kwakhiwa umgube ukuze izinga leqoqo lizinze. Iqabunga elikhulu lifakwa phakathi phakathi komkhiqizo ocindezelwe, kanti elicwengekile ngaphandle.
Ukufakwa emanzini (蒸汽, zhēngqì): Umusi ophakeme wezinga lokushisa uthambisa amaqabunga, uwenze abe lula ukucindezela.
Ukucindezelwa (压制成型, yāzhì chéngxíng): Ukubunjwa ngamabhilidi (砖, zhuān), izidleke (沱, tuó) noma ezinye izinhlobo ezicindezelwe.
Ukomisa nokuzinza: Izimo ezicindezelwe ziyagugiswa kuze kufike esimeni esizinzile.
Ukugugiswa / ukuvuthwa (陈化, chénhuà): Ukugcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo ukuze kuqhubeke ukuthuthukiswa kwephunga le-«chénxiāng» nokwenza ukunambitheka kube mnandi. Izimo ezicindezelwe ziba ngcono ngenkathi yeminyaka.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubonakala kweqabunga elomile: Iqabunga elimnyama ngokunsundu kuya kwelimnyama-nsundu, elihuzulile ngokuqinile. Kwezicindezelekile — indawo ebushelelezi, ngaphandle kwesikhunta esibonakalayo nezinye izinto ezingabonakali. Kuvunyelwe ukuthi kube nokucwebezela okuncane okuvela kumajusi emisosheni.
Iphunga Leqabunga Elomile: Iphunga elihlanzekile nokuqina «chénxiāng» — iphunga elilulekile, elijulile elinamathoni e-nut kanye nezinkuni, ngaphandle «kokuba manzi» nokunamakha. Kutiyisi entsha kuba nephunga elincane le-«duīwèi» (堆味, duīwèi) — iphunga elijwayelekile lokufukwa, elishabalala ngesikhathi sokugugisa.
Iphunga Le-Compost: Iphunga elihlanzekile futhi eligcwele, eluboniswa yi-«chénxiāng». Kuphumela amathoni e-walnuts, ama-chestnut, izinkuni ezomile, izinhlwathi ezomile. Kuma-sample agugile — ukuba mnandi okuncane nethoni le-honey. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona intuba kancane yomusi ovela ekumiseni.
Ukunambitheka: Ukunambitheka okumtoti ngokuhela kahle, okunevolumu elilingene. Ubukhali busezansi, buphenduka ngokushesha ubumnandi obubuyayo (回甘, huígān). Uma kugugiswa, ukunambitheka kuba yindilinga ngokwengeziwe, kube njengentwala yamafutha. Ukunambitheka okusaleleyo kuhlala isikhathi eside, kube nephunga le-nut.
Umbala Wokuxubha: Igolide elisencanyana kuya ekubizwa nge-amber-red, okusobala, nokukhanya okuhle. Ngesikhathi sokugugisa, umbala uba mnyama ube yi-chestnut.
Uphansi Lometi (iqabunga eligxishiwe): Umbala onombala omnyama-olive kuya koku-brown, elastic, amaqabunga aphelele avuleka kahle. Ukufana kwephansi kufakazela izinga lezinto ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe obulungile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwe-Chemical:

IJiétān Hēichá ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezifanayo zekhwalithi ephezulu njengeyaziwayo i-Jietan eluhlaza, enenani eliphakeme ngokwedlulele lezinto ezikhishwayo — umkhisho wamanzi ufinyelela ku-49.8%, okungu-12.8% wamaphesenti ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke.

Ama-Polyphenol: Izinto zokuqala ziqukethe cishe u-26.62% wama-polyphenol etiyisi. Ngesikhathi sokuphambukela kwasekuhambeni, ingxenye enkulu yama-catechin (epigallocatechin gallate njll.) iguqulelwa kwi-thearubigins (茶红素, cháhóngsù) ne-theabrownins (茶褐素, cháhèsù) — amapigment aphakeme wama-molecule, anika i-composet umbala ojulile nokunambitheka okuphansi. Okuqukethwe kwe-theabrownins ku-hēichá kuvame ukuba ngu-4–14%, isilinganiso singaba ngu-6.5%.
Ama-Amino Acid: Ezintweni zokuqala — cishe u-4.33%, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-cháānjīsuān). Ingxenye yama-amino acid isetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwe-Maillard ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngethemperetcha nokuvutshelwa, kube yizinhlanganisela ezinamakha.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — cishe u-4.46% ezintweni zokuqala. Kuphinde kube khona i-theobromine (可可碱, kěkě jiǎn) ne-theophylline (茶碱, chájiǎn) ngamanani amancane.
Ama-Polysaccharide: Ama-polysaccharide etiyisi (茶多糖, chá duōtáng) aqongelelwa emaqabungeni avuthiwe futhi adlala indima ebalulekile emsebenzini wokuphila wamatiyisi amnyama.
Ama-Vitamin: Ama-Vitamin e-B, i-Vitamin C (okuyingxenye yayo ebhujiswa ngesikhathi sokuphambukela), i-Vitamin E.
Izimbiwa: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-fluorine, i-selenium, i-zinc — izakhi zokugcina ezimbili ziphawulwa njengezibalulekile enhlabathini yalesi sifunda.
Ingxenye ye-Microbiological: Ama-yeast, izikhunta (kuhlanganise Aspergillus spp.) kanye nama-bacteria abamba iqhaza ekuvutshelweni lokugcina, banikela ekwakheni izinhlanganisela ezinamakha nokwehlisa ubukrakra bokwakheka kwamaqabunga. Umetabolism wemicrobe usiza ekuguquleleni ama-polyphenol abe yizimo ezisebenzayo.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukusekelwa Kokugaya: Ngokwesiko, amatiyisi amnyama ayaziwa ngamandla awo «okukhipha amafutha» (解腻, jiě nì) ekudleni, asiza ekugayeni ukudla okunzima nokunamafutha. Ama-polysaccharide etiyisi kanye nemikhiqizo yokuvutshelwa kwe-microbial kugqugquzela ukunyakaza kwamathumbu.
Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Ama-Theabrownins nama-polyphenol asalelekile anamandla okunciphisa i-oxidation. Ucwaningo luxhumanisa ama-theabrownins nomsebenzi wokulwa nama-radicals.
Umthelela Ekushintsheni Kwamafutha: Ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi ukuphuza i-hēichá ngokulingana njalo kungaba nomthelela omuhle kumazinga e-cholesterol ne-triglycerides. Lolu lwazi lusengxenyeni yokuhlolwa abekuningiliziwe futhi aluthathi indawo yezincomo zokwelashwa.
Ukulawulwa Kwe-Glycemic: Ama-polysaccharide etiyisi, avela kakhulu kumatiyisi amnyama asuka ezintweni ezivuthiwe, ayahlolwa njengama-modulator okungenzeka ezingeni likashukela egazini.
Umthelela Omuhle Wokuvuselela: I-Caffeine inika amandla, kanti i-L-theanine inciphisa umthelela wayo, inikeza ukugxila ngaphandle kokungazinzisa.
Umthelela Wokufudumeza: I-Hēichá ibhekwa njengesiphuzo esi-«warm» (温, wēn) ekudleni kwendabuko yama-China — ilungele isikhathi esibandayo sonyaka.
Umsebenzi Wokulwa Namagciwane: I-Polyphenolic derivatives zokuvutshelwa zinomsebenzi omncane wokulwa namagciwane ezifweni ezithile zomlomo.
Izexwayiso kanye nokungavunyelwa: Ukuzwela kwi-caffeine; ukudangala kwe-gastritis noma izilonda; ukuphuza imithi (kunqunywa isikhala esiyi-1–2 amahora phakathi kwetiye nemithi); ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa — ukuphuza ngokulinganisela.

9. Indlela Yokugxilisa:

I-thempelachers yamanzi: 95–100°C (amanzi abilayo abandayo).
Inani letiyisi: 4–6 g nge-100–120 ml (gongfu style); 2–3 g nge-250 ml (ukugxilisa); 5–7 g nge-600 ml (ukupheka).
Izitsha: I-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) eyenziwe nge-porcelain noma i-ceramic; itiyeji ye-Yixing (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú) — inhlabathi engenalwazi iqongelela iphunga le-hēichá ngokuhamba kwesikhathi; ukupheka — itiyeji yengilazi noma i-ceramic.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela itiyisi. Ngezicindezelekile, khipha ngokucophelela inani elidingekayo ngommese okhethekile noma nge-spike, ulondoloze ubunjalo beqabunga.
3. Ukugeza (洗茶, xǐchá): thela amanzi abilayo bese uwasula ngemva kwemizuzwana emi-5 — lokhu «kuvusa» iqabunga elicindezelwe futhi kususa umsizi.
4. Ukugxilisa kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-10–15. Itiyisi elicindezelwe liyavuleka kancane, ukugxilisa kokuqala kungase kube lula.
5. Ukugxilisa okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyisihlanu kuya kweyishumi ekugxilisweni ngakunye. I-Jiétān Hēichá yekhwalithi ephezulu ingakwazi ukugxilisa amahlandla ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayishumi nambili.
6. Ukupheka (煮茶, zhǔchá): kuvunyelwe ngezicindezelekile ezigugile. Thela ama-5–7 g ku-600 ml wamanzi abandayo, uwafake kancane futhi upheke imizuzu e-1–2 ngomlilo omncane. Ungathi upheke isikhathi eside — kwalokhu kuqinisa ubukhali.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamaphunga: I-Hēichá imunca ngokushesha amakha angaphandle. Kumele igcinwe kude nezithako, amakhemikhali asendlini, ugwayi, amakha ezimonyo.
I-thempelacha: 15–25°C, ngaphandle kokuhluka okukhulu nokushisa ngokweqile. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kuyakwenqatshelwa.
Umswakama: Okulinganisela — 50–70%. Umoya owomile kakhulu (ngaphansi kwe-40%) wehlisa izinga lokuvuthwa; omswakama kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-75%) kubangela ingozi yokukhunta okungafunwa.
Izitsha:
- Iphepha lohlobo lwe-kraft noma ibhokisi lamakhadibhodi elinobuso obuphefumulayo. Ukupakishwa okuvaleka impela kuvunyelwe kuphela uma kugcinwa isikhathi esifushane emikhiqizweni esezinzile. I-plastic ne-foil akuniswa uma kugcinwa isikhathi eside.
Ukungenisa umoya: Indawo kumele yome futhi ibe nomoya, kodwa kungabi khona imimoya engenzeka.
Ukugugiswa: Izimo ezicindezelwe ze-Jiétān Hēichá ziyathuthukiswa ngenxa yeminyaka: i-«duīwèi» iyaphela, kuvele i-«chénxiāng» ehlanzekile, ukunambitheka kube yindilinga. Kunconywa ukunambitha kanye kukho ezinyangeni ezi-3–6 ukuqapha inqubo yokuvuthwa.

11. Intengo Nokungcwali Okuphambi Kwabatshuzi:

Indlela yokuthengiswa: I-Jiétān Hēichá ingaphansi kwezinga eliphakathi phakathi kwamatiyisi amnyama aseHunan. Intengo incike kakhulu esikhathini sokuvuna (izinto zentwasahlobo zibiza kakhulu kunehlobo), iminyaka yokugugiswa, ukuhlonishwa kwefektri kanye nezimo zokugcina. Itiyisi entsha ishibhile, kanti izicindezelekile ezigugile ezinephrofayili ehlanzekile ye-«chénxiāng» zibiza kakhulu.
Izinto ezithinta intengo: Ukuphakama kwesimu, izitifiketi zokulima ngokwemvelo, unyaka wokukhiqizwa, ukunakekelwa kokugcinwa, ubukhona bemibhalo (unyaka, ifektri, inombolo yeqoqo).
Indlela yokugwema ukungcwali:
- Thenga kubathengisi abakulungele ukusho unyaka wokukhiqiza, ifektri, inombolo yeqoqo nezimo zokugcina. Cela isithombe sengxenye enqanyuliwe yomkhiqizo ocindezelwe.
- Hlola ukubukeka: iqabunga kumele lihlanzekile, lingabi nasikhunta esibonakalayo esiluhlaza noma esimnyama. Imvume yokuvunyelwa yinkungu yegolide kuphela (i-«golden flower» — 金花, jīnhuā) — uma kuyi-fu zhuan, kodwa kuhēichá evamile ayivamisile.
- Phunga: iphunga elihlanzekile le-«chénxiāng» ngaphandle kwephunga elibi, «ukumanzi», amakha ekhemikhali noma omusi.
- Hlola umxube: kumele ube sobala, ube ne-amber, ngaphandle kokuduma noma inzika. Umbala ongasilona owemvelo ubonakala ngokungalingani okungafani.
- Intengo ephansi ngokungajwayelekile kumatiyisi «agugile» kuyisizathu sokuqaphela: ukugugiswa kwangempela kubiza imali yokugcinwa.

12. Amaqiniso Athandekayo:

Igama lendawo elithi «Jietan» lisho ngokoqobo «umsele wezinsika zamatshe» — amadwala aphakathi komsele osheshayo we-Yuanshui afana nezinsika zamatshe ezimile.
Ngesikhathi sokuvubukula komkhumbi wenkantolo yomlando yase-Qianzhong (黔中郡故城) e-Yuanling, kwatholakala isethi yetiyisi yamatshe yenkathi ye-Warring States (战国, ngekhulu lesi-5–3 BCE) — enye yezinto ezindala kakhulu zamatiyisi e-China, efakazela umlando wamashumi ezinkulungwane zeminyaka wesiko letiyisi kule ndawo.
Umkhisho oqukethwe wamanzi wetiyisi yase-Jietan ufinyelela ku-49,8% — okuyisilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiyisi alluhlaza aseChina, siphakeme ngo-12,8% wamaphesenti ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sikazwelonke. Leli khwalithi lezinto ezisetshenzisiwe liyadluliselwa nasenguqulweni emnyama.
Esifundeni sase-Yuanling, amagama ezindawo angaphezu kwe-60 ahlobene netiyisi — lesi yisinye sezindawo ezinamagama amaningi ahlobene netiyisi e-China.
Itiyisi liyavuleka kahle ezitsheni ze-ceramic ngethemperetcha ephezulu yamanzi; ebusika, ukupheka ngobumnene kumnandi, kunikeza umxube oyindilinga ngokwengeziwe.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiyisi amnyama:

Ne-Anhua Fu Zhuan (安化茯砖, Ānhuà Fúzhuān): I-Fu-zhuan ihluke ngokuba khona okuyimpoqo kwe-«golden flower» (冠突散囊菌, Eurotium cristatum) kanye nethoni eliqinile le-honey-mushroom. Ku-Jiétān Hēichá — iphunga elijwayelekile le-nut-wood «chénxiāng» ngaphandle kwethoni elikhulu lekhowe. Zombili zingezaseHunan, kodwa ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-organoleptic kuhlukile.
Ne-Liu Bao Cha (六堡茶, Liùbǎo Chá): I-Liu Bao yase-Guangxi ivame ukunikeza iphrofayili ye-«camphor» kanye «nenganekwane enomswakama», umxube wayo umnyama kakhulu, ubomvu-nsundu. I-Jiétān Hēichá, ngokujwayelekile, iyakhanya kumxube futhi inesimo esihlanzekile, esihlanganisa utshani namantongomane.
Ne-Anhua Tian Jian (安化天尖, Ānhuà Tiānjiān): I-Tian Jian — i-hēichá yaseHunan eluhlaza ethandelwa ngamaqabunga, enezinto eziphambili, ivame ukuba nentuthu yomcamelo. I-Jiétān Hēichá, ikakhulukazi kuzicindezelekile, inemicu eningi futhi ayinantuthu kangako.
Ne-Shu Puer Lao Cha Tou (老茶头, Lǎo Chátóu): «Ama-heads amadala etiyisi» e-shu puer anomicu eminyene futhi aphansi ngokwephrofayili ngenxa yezinto ezinkulu zamaqabunga e-Yunnan. I-Jiétān Hēichá evela kuzinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane — imnene, ilula futhi inamakha anemoya.
Ne-Hubei Qing Zhuan (湖北青砖, Húběi Qīngzhuān): I-Hubei green brick — ngokomlando ibiyitiye lomngcele elifundwa kakhulu elinezinto ezinzima kanye nokubaba okuhle. I-Jiétān Hēichá — ungumkhiqizo ocebile kakhulu ovela ezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu zezindawo eziphakeme.

Isiphetho:

I-Jiétān Hēichá iwukuhlangana kwedumo lamatiyisi ase-Yuanling eliqhubekayo kusukela eminyakeni eyinkulungwane kanye ne-tradishini ye-hēichá yaseHunan. Izinto zokwenziwa, ezikhule emaphethelweni ezintaba zase-Wuling nase-Xuefeng esimweni sezulu esikhethekile sohlobo lwedamu, zinezinga eliphakeme ngokwedlulele lezinto ezikhishwayo, okwenza inguqulo emnyama igcwale kakhulu futhi ibe namandla. Leli tiye liyinto yalabo abazisa i-«chénxiāng» ehlanzekile, ubumnandi obumnene, namandla okugugiswa isikhathi eside — futhi ngaso leso sikhathi abafuna ukwazi uhlangothi olungandile lwenye yamabhrendi amakhulu wetiyisi yaseHunan. I-Jiétān Hēichá ilungele kakhulu isikhathi esibandayo, amatiyisi asemini kanye nokugxilisa okuhamba kancane, eveza kancane kancane ukujula kweqabunga elicindezelwe.