jiàn'ōu báichá · thetea.app

IJianyou (jiàn’ōu 建瓯) ingenye yezindawo eziseceleni, kodwa eziqavile, zokukhiqiza itiye elimhlophe enyakatho yeFujian (mǐn běi 闽北). Lapha, lapho kuhlangana khona amasiko ezintaba eziphakeme zaseZhenghe nezingadi ezisezindaweni eziphansi zaseJianyang, kwakheka itiye elimhlophe elinomlingiswa oqinile, olinganayo nongaguquki, ochazwa kahle kakhulu ngohlamvu olulodwa — chún 醇, ‘ukusutha okuthambile’.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: itiye elimhlophe (bái chá 白茶).
Isigaba: itiye elimhlophe lasenyakatho yeFujian (elaseMinbei).
Umsuka: IJianyou (jiàn’ōu 建瓯), isifunda sedolobha saseNanping (南平), enyakatho yeFujian (mǐn běi 闽北).
Isimo kurejista yezindawo (terroirs): imakwa njenge-闽北-indawo eseceleni — ayifakiwe ezindawini eziyizingqophamlando, ‘eziyizimbobo’ zetiye elimhlophe, kodwa ingeyalelo siko lenyakatho yeFujian ngokwenhlabathi, isimo sezulu nendlela yokucubungula.
Indawo emabhandeni etiye elimhlophe laseFujian: itiye elimhlophe laseFujian lihlukaniswe ngamabhande amabili. Ibhande elisempumalanga — mǐn dōng 闽东 (Fuding, Fuan, Zherong esifundeni saseNingde) — likhiqiza iqabunga elinombala ompunga, ompunga-luhlaza (灰绿), elinephrofayili elula, elisha nelintekenteke (清鲜淡); yilapho lapho kwakuthunyelwa khona itiye eYurophu nase-USA ngokomlando. Ibhande elisenyakatho — mǐn běi 闽北 (Zhenghe, Jianyang, Songxi nezindawo ezisemaceleni ezifana neJianyou) — lihluke ngombala ‘wensimbi ompunga’ weqabunga elomile (铁灰) kanye nokunambitheka okuqinile, okusuthile (浓厚). IJianyou ngokokuphatha ingaphansi kwesifunda saseNanping (南平) esifanayo nozakwabo abadume kakhulu iZhenghe neJianyang.
Ukuphakama: ngokobude, izingadi zaseJianyou zisezingeni lezintaba eziphakathi nendawo (ukuphakama okuphakathi), ngaphandle kokuphakama okwedlulele okuphawulekayo, okuyisici saseZhenghe nesiqongo sayo esicishe sibe ngu-1597 m.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

IJianyou ayizifaki esikhundleni sokuba yindawo okwavela kuyo itiye elimhlophe: isikhungo somlando sokuvela kwebái chá yiFuding enentaba iTaimu (tài mǔ shān 太姥山), lapho kuvela khona ‘inaliti yesiliva yomzila wasenyakatho’ (北路银针) futhi kwakheka khona indinganiso yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Isigxobo sesibili sodumo yiZhenghe ‘nenaliti yayo yesiliva yomzila waseningizimu’ (南路银针).
Kulo mongo, iJianyou ibukeka njengengxenye yendawo enwebekayo yasenyakatho yeFujian: isifunda sesifundazwe esifanayo, sesifunda saseNanping esifanayo, sesimo sezulu nesobuchwepheshe esifanayo neZhenghe neJianyang, kodwa ehlala isezingeni elingaphansi kokuqashelwa. Lesi simo siyisondeza kumakheli ‘akhulayo’ aseMinbei, njengeSongxi (松溪).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

I-cultivar: umthombo awunikezi iJianyou i-cultivar eqanjwe ngayo ehlukile (njengokuthi, zhèng hé dà bái 政和大白 yeZhenghe noma fú ān dà bái, eyaziwa nangokuthi ‘Hua Cha No. 3’ 华茶3号, yeFuan). Ngakho-ke, kufaneleka kakhulu ukukhuluma ngeJianyou njengendawo yesiko laseMinbei, lapho izinto zayo ezingavuthiwe nendlela yokucubungula kudla ifa lephrofayili yasenyakatho yeFujian, hhayi njengomphathi wohlobo oluyingqayizivele.
Izinsika zezitshalo zebhande lasenyakatho: ngaphakathi kwebhande lasenyakatho, izinsika zomlando zithathwa njengezindawo ezingomakhelwane — iJianyang, isizinda sezinhlobo gòng méi 贡眉 kanye no-shuǐ xiān bái 水仙白, lapho kusagcinwa khona i-cài chá 菜茶 eyisihlahla; iZhenghe — indawo yokuzalwa ye-zhèng hé dà bái enamaqabunga amakhulu yasezintabeni eziphakeme.
Umbala weqabunga elomile: ‘insimbi empunga’ (铁灰), i-spectrum eqinile yasenyakatho yeFujian, ngokungafani nombala ompunga-luhlaza wasogwini (灰绿).

4. Indawo (Terroir) Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: inyakatho yeFujian iyindawo engaphakathi enezintaba namagquma, inesimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama se-monsoon, inkungu evamile nokuguqubala kwezulu okukhulu.
Indawo nokuma kwayo: ngokungafani nezingadi ezisogwini zaseFuding, ezisuka ogwini ziye ezintabeni eziphansi (kufika ku-~900 m), iJianyou iyindawo engaphakathi, esendaweni emaphakathi nezwe. Lapha akukho moya wasolwandle kanye nomswakama onosawoti ogwini, kodwa kukhona izigodi eziphakathi kwezintaba ezivalekile, ukufudumala okuhamba kancane kanye nembobo yenkungu eminyene, eyehlisa ukushiswa kwelanga.
Umthelela ephrofayilini: umthwalo welanga oqondile onciphile kanye nomswakama ongaguquki kunquma kakhulu kokubili ukukhetha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nephrofayili yokunambitheka. Itiye laseJianyou alikheki ngaphansi kwesimo sokomiswa kwelanga okukhulu, kodwa endaweni ‘ethambile’, enomthunzi, okuyinto evamile kulo lonke ibhande laseMinbei.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ingqikithi yezobuchwepheshe yezindawo zetiye elimhlophe laseFujian yindlela yokushwabisa (wěi diāo 萎凋).
EFuding kugcwele ukushwabisa ngelanga — rì guāng wěi diāo 日光萎凋: iqabunga liyashwabisa ngaphansi kwelanga okuqondile, ngezinye izikhathi kufika emahoreni angu-72, okunikeza iphrofayili esheshayo, ‘enoboya obunjengoju’ (毫香蜜韵), esha futhi emsulwa emnandi futhi isheshise ukukhula kwetiye.
EZhenghe nasebhandeni lasenyakatho jikelele, kugcwele ukomiswa ngomthunzi endlini — shì nèi yīn gān 室内阴干, okuhlobene ngokomlando nokushwabisa ‘emabhulohweni anemipheme’ (láng qiáo 廊桥), lapho iqabunga licishe lingaliboni ilanga eliqondile.
IJianyou kulolu hlelo ithambekele esigxotsheni saseMinbei: ukushwabisa kwayo kuchazwa njenge-室内 — okwasendlini, okunomthunzi. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama kancane futhi ngokulinganayo, ngaphansi kwesivikelo sophahla, ngaphandle kokucindezeleka okuqinile kwelanga. Lokhu kuhamba kancane kuyisizathu sezobuchwepheshe sokuthi kungani itiye elimhlophe lasenyakatho yeFujian, kuhlanganise neJianyou, lithola umzimba oqinile, ‘osindayo’ kunalawo wasogwini waseFuding.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

Iphrofayili kurejista ichazwe kafushane — chún 醇: ukusutha okuthambile, okuyindilinga, umzimba oqinile nolinganayo ngaphandle kokuhlabahlaba.
Lokhu kufaka itiye emcabangweni ojwayelekile waseMinbei (浓厚, ‘ukuqina nokuminyene’), kodwa ngaphandle kokuhlabahlaba okuvamile ezintabeni eziphakeme ‘nomoya wasezintabeni’ ogqamile (shān chǎng qì 山场气), iZhenghe edume ngakho.
Ngamanye amazwi, iJianyou iwukuthamba kwasenyakatho yeFujian: umzimba uqinile, kodwa isimo sizolile, ngaphandle kobudlova nangaphandle kokukhaphu-khaphu okusogwini lwaseFuding.
Uchungechunge lokuqhathanisa lwezinto ezigcizelelwayo:
- IFuding — ukusha, iphunga elimnandi elinoboya obunjengoju, ukuvela ngokushesha lapho kugcinwa khona.
- IZhenghe — ukuqhakaza kwezimbali, ukuminyana, ‘inzwa yendawo’ yasezintabeni eziphakeme, ukukhula okuhamba kancane nokuqinile.
- IJianyou — ukusutha okuthambile okulinganayo (醇), ngaphandle kokweqisa.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Njengoba kukhulunywa ngetiye elimhlophe laseMinbei elinomzimba oqinile, kufanele kusetshenziswe umqondo ofanayo nowamatiye amhlophe asenyakatho yeFujian jikelele: amanzi asondele ebileni ukuze kwembuleke isakhiwo esiqinile, ukuthela okuzolile nge-gaiwan noma ngedanyana elifudunyezwe kahle, ukukhulisa kancane kancane isikhathi sokudonsa.
Ukushwabisa ngomthunzi kanye nomzimba ogcwele kakhulu ngokuvamile kunikeza itiye elibekezelayo ekuthelweni okuningi, elinobumnandi obuthambile futhi obungaguquki phakathi nendawo, kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, nokulinganayo.
Kuyalulekwa ukuthi imingcele ethile ihambisane nohlobo lweqabunga — elinamaqabunga, elivela emahlumela, noma eliqoqwe ngendlela engewona ubucwepheshe.

11. Inani Kanye Nemikhohliso:

Ungahlukanisa futhi ungakudidi kanjani:

Ibhande nombala. Uma phambi kwakho kunetiye elimhlophe lasenyakatho yeFujian, iqabunga elomile lithambekele ‘ekubeni nsundu ngokunsomi’ (铁灰), hhayi okumpunga-luhlaza wasogwini (灰绿). IJianyou iyiMinbei, okusho ukuthi i-spectrum enombala wensimbi empunga, nokuqinile.
Umzimba ngokuqhathanisa nokusha. Umzimba oqinile, othambile nokusuthile (醇/浓厚) ukhomba eMinbei; inothi elula, elisha nelimsulwa elinoboya obunjengoju nokwembuleka ngokushesha kuwuphawu lwesitayela saseFuding (闽东).
Ubuchwepheshe. Ukushwabisa ngomthunzi, endlini (室内阴干) — yisiginesha yasenyakatho yeFujian; uhlelo olunamandla lwelanga (日光萎凋, ~72 amahora) — yileso saseFuding.
IJianyou uma iqhathaniswa neZhenghe. Zombili zingezaseMinbei futhi zombili zinomthunzi, kodwa iZhenghe yasezintabeni eziphakeme (isilinganiso ~800 m, isiqongo ~1597 m), inokuqhakaza kwezimbali okugqamile, ‘umoya wasezintabeni’ nokukhula okuhamba kancane futhi okuqinile; iJianyou isezintabeni eziphakathi nendawo, ithambile ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kokuhlabahlaba kwezintaba eziphakeme.
IJianyou uma iqhathaniswa neJianyang. IJianyang ngokomlando iyisizinda se-gòng méi ne-shuǐ xiān bái esihlahleni i-cài chá; uma enkomishini kunokwaziwayo okuthi ‘水仙白’ noma i-gòng méi yakudala, lokho kuwumugqa waseJianyang, kanti iJianyou ima nje njengephrofayili ethambile yaseMinbei esemaceleni.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Sekukonke, iJianyou akulona igama elikhulu, kodwa ingummeleli othembekile wesikole setiye elimhlophe lasenyakatho yeFujian: indawo engaphakathi esezintabeni eziphakathi nendawo, ukushwabisa ngomthunzi, umzimba oqinile kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ozolile nothambile.
Kulabo abafuna ukuqonda iMinbei ngaphandle kokujabula okwedlulele kwezintaba eziphakeme zaseZhenghe nangaphandle kokukhaphu-khaphu kwasogwini lwaseFuding, iJianyou inikeza indawo yokuqala elinganayo, necacile.