Jiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān · new.thetea.app

IJiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza omlando esifundazweni saseZhejiang, elathola igama laso ngenxa yokufana kweqabunga elivulekayo emanzini nembali ye-peony nombala ojulile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Yaziwa nangegama elidala elithi Xiānxiá Huà Lóng (仙霞化龙, Xiānxiá Huà Lóng). Leli tiye lingelezinhlobo zetiye eziluhlaza ezigaxwayo nezigojiwe (卷曲形炒青绿茶, juǎnqū xíng chǎoqīng lǜchá) futhi lixabiswa ngephunga elimnandi elinjengamakhasteni, izincuphe ezithambile zezimbali kanye nokunambitheka okumtoti okuhlala isikhathi eside.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nokuvela:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingabiliswanga. Uhlobo oluncane — itiye eliluhlaza eligojiwe neligojiwe ngokuwosiwe (卷曲形炒青绿茶).
Isigaba: Amatiye aziwa kakhulu emlandweni waseChina. Umkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kophawu lwezindawo (原产地域产品保护, 2004; 国家农产品地理标志, 2021).
Umsuka: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhejiang (浙江省, Zhèjiāng Shěng), idolobha lase-Jiangshan (江山市, Jiāngshān Shì), eliyingxenye yedolobha lase-Quzhou (衢州市, Qúzhōu Shì). I-Jiangshan itholakala lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe ezintathu — i-Zhejiang, i-Fujian, ne-Jiangxi, emaceleni asenyakatho ezintabeni zase-Xianxialing (仙霞岭, Xiānxiá Lǐng).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe 28°44′ N, 118°37′ E (isikhungo sedolobha lase-Jiangshan). Izivande zetiye eziyingqikithi zigxile emzaneni wase-Peijiadi (裴家地村) endaweni yase-Bao’an (保安乡) nasemzaneni wase-Zhoucun (周村村) edolobhaneni lase-Nianbadu (廿八都镇) — emkhawulweni ophakeme wehlathi lokuqala lezintaba zase-Xianxialing.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umsuka wokukhiqizwa kwetiye endaweni yase-Jiangshan ulandelelwa kusukela enkathini yaseTang (618–907). U-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “I-Cha Jing” (《茶经》, Chájīng) ukhuluma ngendawo yase-Xujiang (须江, Xūjiāng) — okuyigama lakudala lase-Jiangshan — phakathi kwezifunda zetiye zase-Zhexi. Ngenkathi ye-Northern Song (960–1127), imbongi u-Su Shi (苏轼, Sū Shì), owayeyinhloko yesifunda sase-Hangzhou, wathola itiye lezintaba zase-Xianxialing evela kumngane wakhe wakubo u-Mao Pan (毛滂, Máo Pāng) wase-Jiangshan, waze walithokoza kakhulu, walibiza ngokuthi “奇茗极精” — “itiye elingavamile, eliphelele ngokuphelele”. Ngenkathi ye-Ming, ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Zhengde (正德, 1506–1521), umbusi u-Zhu Houzhao (朱厚照) ngesikhathi evakashele e-Jiangnan wanambitha itiye lase-Xianxialing, walinika igama elithi “Lǜmíng” (绿茗, Lǜmíng) futhi wayala ukuba lifakwe ohlwini lwamatiye enkantolo (贡茶, gòngchá). Ngenkathi ye-Qing, ngonyaka we-12 wokubusa kuka-Tongzhi (同治, 1873), incwadi ethi “Incazelo Yesifunda Sase-Jiangshan” (《江山县志》) iqukethe imininingwane egcwele mayelana nobuchwepheshe bokuvunwa nokucutshungulwa. Ngo-1980, ochwepheshe besifunda bavuselela ubuchwepheshe bomlando bokukhiqiza, kwathi ngo-1982 emqhudelwaneni wamatiye aziwa kakhulu e-Changsha, i-Jiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān yathola indawo yesibili phakathi kwamatiye ayishumi aphezulu ezweni. Ngo-2004, iHhovisi Likahulumeni Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi lanikeza leli tiye isimo sokuvikelwa kwegama ngokwendawo yomsuka. Ngo-2021, kutholwe ukubhaliswa kukahulumeni kophawu lwezindawo lomkhiqizo wezolimo.
Igama: 江山 (Jiāngshān) — “uMfula Nezintaba,” igama ledolobha; 绿 (lǜ) — “okuluhlaza,” kubonisa umbala ojulile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka; 牡丹 (mǔdān) — “i-peony yomuthi,” isingathekiso sesimo seqabunga elivulekayo emanzini, elifana namacembe e-peony. Igama elidala elithi 仙霞化龙 (Xiānxiá Huà Lóng, “udrako oguqulayo wase-Xianxialing”) ligcizelela ukuxhumana nezintaba kanye nezinkondlo zokuhamba kweqabunga enkomishini.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Jiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān — “ikhadi lokwazisa” lesifunda sase-Jiangshan kanye nenye yezimpawu zesiko letiye entshonalanga ye-Zhejiang. Izincwadi zezinkondlo zika-Su Shi nabangane bakhe, ezazidumisa itiye lase-Xianxialing, zangena emlandweni wezincwadi zetiye zaseChina. Umklomelo wombusi wenkathi ye-Ming kanye nesimo “setiye elikhokhiswa intela” kwaqinisa idumela laleli tiye ezingeni likazwelonke. Namuhla, i-Lǜ Mǔdān iyingxenye yamagugu etiye aphilayo ase-Zhejiang futhi ingomunye wabameleli bezifunda bamatiye aluhlaza endabuko aseChina.

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinhlobo / Izinhlobo Zokulinywa: Inhlobo eyinhloko — uhlobo lwendawo yase-Jiangshan (江山本地群体种, Jiāngshān běndì qúntǐ zhǒng), okuyingxenye yohlobo lwamacembe aphakathi (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis). Okwengeziwe, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezikhethiwe ezinjenge-Yingxiang (迎霜, Yíngshuāng) kanye ne-Longjing 43 (龙井43, Lóngjǐng 43). Endaweni eyingqikithi yomzana wase-Peijiadi kukhula izihlahla zetiye ezindala ezineminyaka engaphezu kuka-150, ezibonakala ngeqabunga eliwugqinsi, elinamanzi, elinamandla aphezulu okugcina ubumnene (持嫩性).
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo: kuqala ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng, ngokuvamile ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) futhi kuphele ngemuva kwe-Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli). Ikhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu — itiye elivunwe ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (明前茶, míngqián chá).
Izinga lokuvuna: Ngezinga elikhethekile (特级, tèjí) — ihlumela eligcwele noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuqala ukuvuleka; ngezinga lokuqala — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elivulekile; ngezinga lesibili — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili asanda kuqala ukuvuleka. Ihlumela kufanele libe lide kuneqabunga.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Akuvunyelwe ukuvuna lapho kunemvula namazolo, akuthathwa amahlumela amancane nabuthakathaka, amaqabunga ahlaselwe izinambuzane, kanye namahlumela anombala onsomi. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kufanele zifane, zibe zintsha, zingabi namaphunga angaphandle.

4. Indawo Yezulu Nokukhula Kwezitshalo:

Isimo Sezulu Nokuma Komhlaba: Isifunda sase-Jiangshan sitholakala endaweni enomswakama ophansi kwe-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka jikelele — 17,3 °C, isilinganiso semvula yonyaka — cishe 1700 mm, umswakama ophakeme — ngaphezu kuka-80%. Indawo eyingqikithi yokukhiqiza isemaceleni asenyakatho ezintabeni zase-Xianxialing (仙霞岭), lapho izivande zetiye zihlala zimbozwe inkungu namafu unyaka wonke, okunikeza ukukhanya okusabalalayo nokushintshashintsha okuncane kwezinga lokushisa.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: 500–800 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinto ezingcono kakhulu zivela ezindaweni eziphakeme eziseduze kwamahlathi okuqala.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ephuzi-ebomvu ene-acidic (红黄壤, hónghuáng rǎng), eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kwamatshe e-granite. I-pH yenhlabathi — 4,5–5,5. Ukuqukethwe kwe-potassium — kufika ku-206,6 mg/kg, okuqukethwe yizinto eziphilayo — ≥ 2,5%. Inhlabathi ikhipha amanzi kahle futhi inothe ngamaminerali, okusiza ekwakhekeni kwephrofayili enothile yamakha etiye.
Izici zokukhula: Amandla aphezulu amafu nenkungu (igama elithi “inkungu yamafu” — 云雾, yúnwù — ngokwesiko likhombisa umsuka ophakeme wetiye) adala izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqoqwa kwama-amino acid nezinhlanganisela zamakha, ezinikeza itiye ubumnandi, ubumnene kanye neqoqo elihlangene. Indawo yonke yesifunda sase-Jiangshan ihlanganisa amadolobhana angu-19 kanye namadolobhana lapho kukhiqizwa khona itiye; ubukhulu bamahlathi endaweni eyingqikithi bufinyelela ku-80%, okunikeza umthunzi wemvelo, ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nesidingo esincane sezibulala-zinambuzane. Indawo enezintaba ezinokwehluka kokuphakama kusuka ku-150 kuye ku-1500 m yakha imikhakha emincane yesimo sezulu, lapho indawo ngayinye ikhiqiza itiye elinesimo salo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Jiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān kuhlanganisa izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko futhi kubonakala ngezindlela eziningana eziyingqayizivele zobuchwepheshe:

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla okukhethiwe kwamahlumela amancane ngokuhambisana nezinga lezinga.
Ukuhlakaza ukuze kuxhunywe (摊青, tānqīng): Izinto ezisanda kuvunwa zihlakazwa ngendlela encanyana ekamelweni elipholile, elinomoya omuhle ukuze kususwe umswakama ongaphezulu kancane kancane, kuthanjiswe iqabunga futhi kulungiselelwe ukulungiswa.
Ukulungiswa / “ukubulala okuluhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng): Ukuwoswa epanini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme futhi kumiswe izinqubo zokugqwala. Isici esiyisici — umenzi oyedwa uyawosa, kanti owesibili ushaya iphepha ngefeni ukuze kupholiswe ngokushesha, okubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umbala ogqamile oluhlaza kanye nephunga elisha.
Ukugojwa kokuqala (初揉, chūróu): Ukugojwa okuncane, okunikeza iqabunga isimo sokuqala futhi kuvule kancane ujusi wamaseli.
Ukugojwa okuphindwe kabili (复揉, fùróu): Ukugojwa okuphindwe kabili — isici esiyingqayizivele sobuchwepheshe be-Lǜ Mǔdān — kwakha isimo esiyisipeyidi “samacembe”, okukhumbuza i-peony evulekayo.
Ukubunjwa (做型, zuòxíng): Ukunikeza amaqabunga etiye isimo esigojiwe sokugcina, esivumela umphumela wokubonakala “wokuqhakaza” lapho kuhlanganiswa.
Ukushaywa koboya (提毫, tíháo): Isigaba esikhethekile lapho uboya besiliva (白毫, báiháo) buvezwa phezu kwamaqabunga etiye, okunikeza itiye ukubukeka okuyisipesheli “okunoboya”.
Ukomiswa / ukubhaka (烘焙, hōngbèi): Indlela yendabuko ethi “ukubhaka kathathu, ukubiza kathathu” (三烘三闷, sān hōng sān mēn) kusetshenziswa amalahle okhuni emazingeni okushisa anciphayo ngezigaba: 70 °C → 60 °C → 50 °C. Ukomiswa okulinganiselayo kugxilisa iphunga, kuqeda itiye kumswakama ozinzile futhi kwakha iphunga elijulile lamakhasteni.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokuphunga:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo esigojiwe, okukhumbuza amacembe embali, avuleka ngokwemvelo enkomishini. Umbala — oluhlaza okotshani ojulile onokucwebezela okunamafutha. Itiye lezinga eliphakeme linokwakheka okumhlophe okucacile “kwe-peony” — uboya besiliva obuningi, okukhumbuza amacembe amancane. Ubude behlumela ngezinga elikhethekile — bungabi ngaphezu kuka-2,5 cm.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elikhanyayo lamakhasteni (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng) — inothi eliyisisekelo; izincuphe ezithambile zezimbali, ezikhumbuza i-orchid, zakha “umculo ophakeme” (高山韵, gāoshān yùn). Iphunga lijulile, lihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwamanothi otshani noma abolile.
Iphunga lokumunca: Iphunga elinothe, elikhulu lamakhasteni elinevayela elincane lezimbali. Isici esiyisici — iphunga lihlala enkomishini epholile (iphunga elibandayo lenkomishi) isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30.
Ukunambitheka: Ubusha obugqamile (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okubangelwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (≥ 2,8%); umzimba oqinile, onothile (醇厚, chúnhòu) ngenxa yama-polyphenols (≥ 25,6%); ukunambitheka okumtoti okuhlala isikhathi eside, okuphawulekayo (回甘, huígān), okudlulela kalula ekuzweni ubusha emlonyeni.
Umbala wokumunca: Oluhlaza okotshani okwesibhakabhaka obuthambile, ohlanzekile futhi osobala, onokucwebezela okuphawulekayo.
Iphansi letiye (iqabunga elihlanganisiwe): Amaqabunga athambile, anokunwebeka — aluhlaza, afanayo, aphelele; enkomishini avuleka njengamacembe e-peony. Itiye elisezingeni eliphezulu liyantanta futhi “lifulathele” ekujuleni kwamanzi; elisezingeni eliphansi liyashona phansi futhi alivuleki.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenols (ama-catechins): Ukuqukethwe kwama-polyphenols etiye — ≥ 25,6%. Ama-Catechins (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, i-EGC, i-ECG) — iqembu eliyisihluthulelo le-antioxidant; ngokwezinye izilinganiso, ikhono labo lokunciphisa ama-radical akhululekile liphindwe izikhathi ezingu-18 ukwedlula ukusebenza kwe-vitamin E.
Ama-Amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine): Ukuqukethwe kwama-amino acid akhululekile — ≥ 2,8%. I-L-theanine yakha ubumnandi obuyisipeyisi “se-umami” futhi ikhulisa umuzwa wobusha, kanye nokuba nomthelela omnene wokuphumula nokugxilisa ingqondo.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine (kulinganiselwa ku-2,5–3,5%), i-theobromine ne-theophylline — inikeza umphumela wokuvuselela kanye nesizinda esibabayo, esilinganisela ubumnandi bama-amino acid.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (ezintweni ezisanda kuvunwa — kufika ku-200 mg/100 g), amavithamini eqembu B, i-vitamin K, i-β-carotene (ukuqukethwe — 0,24 mg/kg, okusiza ukweseka ukubona).
Amaminerali: I-Potassium (ukuqukethwe emhlabathini — kufika ku-206,6 mg/kg, okubonakala ekwakhekeni kwamaminerali eqabunga), i-manganese, i-zinc, i-selenium ngamanani amancane.
Amafutha abalulekile: Anesibopho sokwakheka kwephunga lamakhasteni nezimbali; iphrofayili yawo yakhiwa indawo ephakeme yezulu kanye nokomiswa kwendabuko ngamalahle.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukusekelwa kwe-Antioxidant: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechins kunikeza ukuvikeleka okunamandla kwamaseli ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative; ama-catechins etiye eliluhlaza akhuphula kakhulu umsebenzi we-enzyme ye-SOD (superoxide dismutase) — “umhlanza” wemvelo wama-radical akhululekile.
Umphumela omnene wokuvuselela: I-Caffeine ngokuhlangana ne-L-theanine idala ukuhlala uphapheme okulinganayo, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphakama okukhulu nokwehla — okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuhlala uphapheme kwetiye”.
Ukusekelwa kokuguqulwa kwamafutha: Ama-polyphenols etiye nama-theaflavins asiza ekulawuleni izinga le-cholesterol futhi asekele ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukusekelwa kokugaya ukudla: Ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselayo ngemuva kokudla kuvuselela ukuhamba kwamathumbu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; ama-catechins avimbela izilokazane ezibangela izifo ngaphandle kokucindezela izilokazane eziwusizo.
Ukusekelwa kokubona: I-β-carotene ne-vitamin C, ezitholakala etiyeni eliluhlaza elisha, zinikela ekuvikeleni ukubona uma kusetshenziswa njalo.
Ukusekelwa kwengqondo: I-L-theanine isiza ekwandiseni ukugxilisa ingqondo, ukucaciseka kokubona kanye nokwehlisa izinga lokukhathazeka.
Ukusekelwa kwamasosha omzimba: Ingxube yama-polyphenols, amavithamini namaminerali inomthelela wokuqinisa umzimba jikelele uma kusetshenziswa njalo.

Izixwayiso: Akunconywa ukuphuza kungenalutho esiswini (izinto ezi-tannins zingacasula ulwelwesi lwamathumbu). Ukumunca okusezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-70 °C kunikeza ukulingana okuhle kobusha nokunethezeka kokugaya ukudla.

9. Ukuhlanganisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85 °C — yilona elingcono kakhulu ekuvezweni kwephunga lamakhasteni nokugcinwa kobusha. Uma lehliswa laya ku-70 °C, kukhuliswa umuzwa wobusha (鲜爽), kodwa ukujula kwephunga kulahleka.
Ubungako betiye: 3 g ngamanzi angu-150 ml (isilinganiso esingu-1:50) uma kuhlanganiswa engilazini. Ngenqubo ye-gongfu — 5–6 g ngama-120 ml.
Ithuluzi: Ingilazi ecwebezelayo — iyindlela ekahle, evumela ukubuka “ukuqhakaza kwe-peony” (牡丹绽放, mǔdān zhànfàng) lapho iqabunga livuleka. I-gaiwan eyenziwe ngobumba lwe-porcelain emhlophe — iyindlela ehlukile ejwayelekile. Iketela le-Yixing alinconywa — ubumba olunama-porous lungase lufiphalise iphunga elithambile.
Inqubo (indlela yokuthela emaphakathi / 中投法, zhōngtóu fǎ):
1. Fudumeza ingilazi ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela amanzi engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yomthamo.
3. Thela itiye (3 g).
4. Nyakazisa ingilazi kancane ukuze umanzise iqabunga.
5. Gcwalisa amanzi aze afike engxenyeni eyisikhombisa kwezishumi yomthamo.
6. Ukumunca kokuqala — imizuzu emi-2.
7. Phuza kuze kufike ezingeni elilodwa kwezintathu, bese uthela amanzi; ukumunca ngakunye okulandelayo kwengezwe ngemizuzwana engama-30.
8. Itiye elisezingeni eliphezulu likwazi ukumelana nokuthelwa okungu-3–4.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke kahle (oku-vacuum noma ezikhwameni ezinezipikili, kufakwe ebhodleleni elingabonakali elinesivalo esiqinile). Ukuvikeleka kwamaphunga angaphandle, ukukhanya okuqondile nomswakama — yizona zinto eziyizitha ezintathu zetiye eliluhlaza.
Izinga lokushisa: Okungcono — 0–5 °C (efrijini) ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Ngaphambi kokuvula, vumela iphakethe lifudumale lifinyelele izinga lokushisa legumbi (imizuzu engu-15–20 livaliwe) — lokhu kuvimbela ukujiya komswakama emaqabungeni etiye abandayo.
Usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi: Itiye elisha (新茶, xīnchá) linconywa ukuthi lisetshenziswe phakathi nenyanga eyodwa ukuze kube nobusha obukhulu. Ephaseleni elivalwe kahle efrijini — kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwekhwalithi. Ngemuva kokuvulwa — phakathi namasonto ama-2–4.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Izigaba zentengo: Izinga elikhethekile (特级) — kusuka ku-3 000 yuan nge-jin (500 g) nangaphezulu; izinga lesibili — cishe ama-200 yuan nge-jin. Intengo incike ezingeni, ukuphakama kokukhula, isikhathi sokuvuna (ngaphambi noma ngemuva kwe-Qingming) kanye nobukhulu bomsebenzi wezandla.
Izici ezibangela intengo: Umsuka ophakeme, isizini “ngaphambi kwe-Qingming”, ukuvunwa ngesandla kuphela nokugojwa okuphindwe kabili, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela ezihlahleni ezindala zase-Peijiadi — konke lokhu kukhuphula izindleko zamazinga aphezulu.
Indlela yokugwema okungelona iqiniso:
1. Hlola umthengisi: Thenga kubathengisi abanesiqinisekiso sendawo yomsuka kanye nophawu lokuvikelwa kophawu lwezindawo.
2. Hlola ukubukeka: I-Lǜ Mǔdān yeqiniso yezinga elikhethekile inesimo esiyisipeyidi esigojiwe “samacembe”, uboya besiliva obuningi kanye nokucwebezela okunamafutha okuluhlaza okotshani omnyama.
3. Hlola iphunga: Iphunga lamakhasteni elihlanzekile, elijulile elingenamaphunga angaphandle, abolile noma ashiswe kakhulu. Iphunga kufanele lihlale enkomishini engenalutho isikhathi eside.
4. Buka ukumunca: Itiye langempela “liyaqhakaza” emanzini, livuleka njenge-peony; okungelona iqiniso ngokuvamile kuyashona futhi akavuleki. Ukumunca kufanele kube okuhlanzekile, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngaphandle kokufiphala.
5. Lawula intengo: Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo “ezinga elikhethekile” iwuphawu lokushintshwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa noma ukuhlanganiswa netiye elivela kwezinye izifunda.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

Izinkondlo netiye: U-Su Shi akagcinanga ngokuncoma itiye lase-Xianxialing ezincwadini, kodwa wabhala nenkondlo yokubonga kumngane wakhe u-Mao Zhengzhong (毛正仲, Máo Zhèngzhòng) wase-Jiangshan, lapho itiye lichazwa njengokubonakaliswa “kokuphelela kathathu” — umbala, iphunga nokunambitheka (色香味一日备三绝).
Igama lombusi: Itiye lase-Xianxialing — lingelinye lamalungwana ambalwa athola igama lomuntu kumbuso: u-Zhu Houzhao walibiza ngokuthi “Lǜmíng” (绿茗, “Itiye elihle kakhulu eliluhlaza”), okwaba uphawu lokuhlonishwa amakhulu eminyaka.
Ubuchwepheshe befeni: Indlela eyingqayizivele yokukhiqiza — ukuphaphazela ngefeni ngesikhathi nangemuva kokuwosa (杀青) — kwehlisa izinga lokushisa leqabunga ngokushesha ukwedlula noma yikuphi ukupholisa okunye, kuvimbele “ukupheka ngokweqile” futhi kugcine umbala ogqame ngokwedlulele oluhlaza.
Izihlahla ezindala zase-Peijiadi: Emzaneni wase-Peijiadi kukhula iqembu lezihlahla zetiye ezineminyaka engaphezu kuka-150 — esinye sezizukulwane ezindala kakhulu zetiye entshonalanga ye-Zhejiang, ezikhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa ezinamaqabunga awugqinsi, anamanzi nokunambitheka okuqhubekayo.
Ukuvikelwa kwendawo yomsuka: I-Jiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān yaba ngelinye lamatiye okuqala aluhlaza ase-Zhejiang ukuthola ukuvikelwa kukahulumeni okuphindwe kabili: ngoHlelo Lwehhovisi Likahulumeni Lokuphathwa Kwekhwalithi (2004) kanye nangoHlelo Lomnyango Wezolimo (2021). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa yonke indawo yesifunda — wonke amayunithi okuphatha ayi-19, okufakazela ubukhulu besiko letiye lesifunda.
Indlela yakudala yase-Xianxiagu Dao: Itiye lase-Xianxialing ngokomlando lixhumene ne-Xianxiagu Dao (仙霞古道, Xiānxiá Gǔdào) — indlela yakudala yokuhweba eyayixhumanisa i-Zhejiang ne-Fujian ngezintaba. Kwakungale ndlela lapho itiye lalihanjiselwa khona esigodlweni, futhi abahambi ababedlula kule ndawo babezinika amandla ngetiye lendawo elisha ezindlini zetiye ezisemgwaqweni.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Itiye eliyisicaba, eliwosiwe elinephunga “likabhontshisi” nobumnandi obuthambile. Ngokungafani ne-Lǜ Mǔdān, linesimo esiyisicaba, hhayi esigojiwe; iphunga lawo “linotshani” kakhulu futhi alinayo incuphe ecacile yamakhasteni. I-Longjing ayinawo umphumela “wokuqhakaza” enkomishini.
Zhèjiāng Sōngzhēn (松针, Sōngzhēn, “Izinaliti Zikaphayini”): Itiye eliluhlaza elimise okwenaliti elibumbeke liqonde, elifana nezinaliti zikaphayini. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Lǜ Mǔdān — iphrofayili yamakha elula kakhudlwana, ukunambitheka okungagqamanga kangako nokungabikho komphumela wokubonakala “we-peony”.
Ānjí Báichá (安吉白茶, Ānjí Báichá): Itiye eliluhlaza elinokuqukethwe okungavamile okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (kufika ku-6–12%) nombala omhlophe oyisici wamahlumela. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Lǜ Mǔdān — ukunambitheka “kumnandi” kakhulu futhi “akunawo umzimba oqinile”, iphunga lakhe “lisha” futhi “linombila” kunokuba libe ngamakhasteni. Isimo seqabunga — siqonde futhi siyisicaba.
Wùzhōu Jǔyán (婺州举岩, Wùzhōu Jǔyán): Itiye eliluhlaza lomlando elivela e-Jinhua eseduze (Zhejiang), eliyingxenye yamagugu angama-44 kazwelonke angaphatheki. Lihluka ngokugojwa okuhlangene kakhulu nokungabi bikho kwencuphe ecacile yezimbali uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Lǜ Mǔdān.
Tàipíng Hóukuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Itiye eliluhlaza elinamaqabunga amakhulu, eliyisicaba, lase-Anhui elinephunga le-orchid. Liphikisana ngokuphelele ngesimo (iqabunga elide eliyisicaba uma kuqhathaniswa “nembali” egojiwe), kodwa liyafana ngokujula kwephunga kanye nobude bokunambitheka.

Ekuphetheni:

IJiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān — itiye elinomlando oyinkulungwane yeminyaka kanye nesiphetho esinzima: kusukela ekukhazimuleni kombuso kuya ekukhohlweni nasekuvuselelweni ngonyaka we-1980. Umlingo wayo omkhulu — esikhathini lapho amaqabunga etiye agojiwe ehlela emanzini ashisayo futhi avuleke kancane, njengamacembe e-peony, agcwalise ikamelo ngephunga elifudumele lamakhasteni elinevayela lezimbali. Leli tiye lifanele labo abazisa ngetiye eliluhlaza hhayi kuphela ubusha, kodwa nokujula — umzimba oqinile, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside kanye nobuhle bokubonakala kwenqubo yokuhlanganisa. Kubathandi be-Longjing abafuna okuthile okunothe ngezinga eliphezulu futhi okunobuciko, i-Jiāngshān Lǜ Mǔdān izoba ukutholwa kwangempela.