i-Huílóng Lǜchá

I-Huílóng Lǜchá (回龙绿茶, Huílóng lǜchá) yitiye eliluhlaza eliphakeme elisuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifundazwe i-Yunnan, elingenwa phakathi kweshumi lamatiye aluhlaza ahamba phambili kulesi sifundazwe. Leli tiye, elizalwa ezintabeni ezinokunkungu zaseDehong ekuphakameni okungu-1500–1800 amamitha, liyisibonelo esiyivelakancane sezinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan eziphekwe ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko obizwa nge-“mágōuchǎo” (磨锅, mógōu) — ukugazingwa ngesandla epanini lensimbi. Umphumela uba ukumnika okuminyene, okunothile okunephunga elimnandi elimangalisayo lomthala we-castanea kanye nokunambitha okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside okubizwa nge-“huígān” (回甘, huígān), osekunguphawu lwesifunda saseLianghe.

1. Isigaba Sokuhlukaniswa Nokudabuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Uhlobo oluyinhloko lungu-chǎoqīng (炒青, chǎoqīng) — itiye eliluhlaza eligazingiwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obubizwa nge-“mágōuchǎo”. Kuphinde kukhiqizwe izinhlobo ezihlukile ezibizwa nge-hōngqīng (烘青, hōngqīng) — ethelwa emlilweni ne-shàiqīng (晒青, shàiqīng) — ethelwa elangeni.
• Isigaba: Amatiye aluhlaza adumile esifunda saseYunnan. Ingenwa phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ayishumi ahamba phambili esifundazweni i-Yunnan (云南省十大名优绿茶). Umkhiqizo onophawu lwendawo kazwelonke (国家地理标志产品, Guójiā Dìlǐ Biāozhì Chǎnpǐn), oqinisekiswe ngo-2013.
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe i-Yunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng), i-Dehong Dai ne-Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (德宏傣族景颇族自治州, Déhóng Dǎizú Jǐngpōzú Zìzhìzhōu), isifunda i-Lianghe (梁河县, Liánghé Xiàn). Indawo eboniswa uphawu lwendawo ihlanganisa izifunda eziyisishiyagalolunye namadolobhana: i-Dachang (大厂乡, Dàchǎng Xiāng), i-Xiaochang (小厂乡, Xiǎochǎng Xiāng), i-Pingshan (平山乡, Píngshān Xiāng), i-Nangsong (囊宋乡, Nángsòng Xiāng), i-Jiubao (九保乡, Jiǔbǎo Xiāng), i-Hexi (河西乡, Héxī Xiāng), i-Mangdong (芒东镇, Mángdōng Zhèn), i-Mengyang (勐养镇, Měngyǎng Zhèn) ne-Zhedao (遮岛镇, Zhēdǎo Zhèn). Ingqikithi yokukhiqiza yidolobhana laseHuilongzhai (回龙寨, Huílóng Zhài) esifundeni saseDachang, ekuphakameni okungu-1580 m, lapho kukhiqizwa khona amaphesenti angu-80 etiye lezinga eliphezulu lesifunda.
• Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: 24°31′–24°58′ N, 98°06′–98°34′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando: Umlando wetiye esifundeni saseLianghe unezinkulungwane ezingaphezu kwezimbili zeminyaka futhi uxhumene kakhulu nezinhlanga zomdabu zalesi sifunda — amaDe’ang (德昂族, Dé’ángzú), ababiza ngokuthi “abantu basendulo kakhulu bokulima itiye” (最古老的茶农) eChina. Ezintabeni zalesi sifunda kusekhona izihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezingaphezu kuka-10 000 ezineminyaka esukela emakhulwini ambalwa kuya kwenkulungwane nangaphezulu, kanti ezinye zazo, ngokwesiko, zatshalwa okhokho bamaDe’ang.

  Umlando wanamuhla we-Huílóng Lǜchá uqala ngeminyaka yawo-1940. Ngo-1941, umfana osemusha ongumlimi, uSun Zhaoqin (孙朝钦, Sūn Zhāoqīn) waseDachang, owayeqeqeshwe ezifundweni zetiye zika-Li Genyuan (李根源, Lǐ Gēnyuán) eTengchong, waletha ubhasikidi wezimbewu zohlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan futhi watshala umhlaba ongaphezu kwama-mu amabili edolobhaneni laseHuilongzhai — yingakho kwazalwa igama elithi “itiye laseHuilong”.

  Ngo-1944–1945, u-Feng Weide (封维德, Fēng Wéidé), owayeyisikhulu samuva sesifunda ngesikhathi seRiphabhlikhi yaseChina, wasungula umkhankaso omkhulu wokuthi “Ukuvalwa kwe-opium — ukutshala itiye” (禁烟种茶, jìnyān zhòngchá), waletha imithwalo engaphezu kwama-30 yezimbewu ezivela eShuangjiang naseMengku, wabhala umhlahlandlela othi “Zhong Cha Qian Shuo” (《种茶浅说》) owakhiqizwa ngamakhophi angu-500, futhi eduze kwaseHuilongzhai wasungula ingadi yokuqala yokuhlwanyela enama-mu angu-8.

  Ngemva kokusungulwa kwe-PRC, ukulima itiye esifundeni kwathola ukwesekwa kukahulumeni futhi kwaba umkhakha ophambili wezindawo eziyizintaba. Ngo-2013, itiye laseHuilong lathola uphawu lwendawo kazwelonke oluvela kwi-Ministry of Agriculture. Ngo-2021, “Ubuciko bokwenza itiye laseHuilong” (回龙茶制作技艺, Huílóng chá zhìzuò jìyì) buqoshwa ekubhalisweni kwelifa elingabonakali lesifundazwe i-Yunnan. Ngo-2023, umkhiqizo wonyaka wetiye elomile esifundeni wawufinyelela kumathani angu-3919.3 ngenani lezimpahla elinguRMB 391 wezigidi.

• Igama: “Huílóng” (回龙) — igama ledolobhana laseHuilongzhai, elihunyushwe ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi “uDrako Obuyayo” futhi libhekisela ekuhlehleni kwamatshe asezintabeni zale ndawo. “Lǜ Chá” (绿茶) — “itiye eliluhlaza”. Ngakho-ke, igama eligcwele lisho ukuthi “Itiye eliluhlaza laseHuilong”.

• Ukubaluleka kwesiko: Itiye laseHuilong liwuphawu lwesifunda saseLianghe kanye namasiko alo ezinhlanga eziningi. Kusukela ngo-2014, kwenziwa umcimbi waminyaka yonke we-Huilong Tea Culture Festival (回龙茶文化节) eHuilongzhai. Edolobhaneni kune-Museum yetiye yaseHuilong (回龙茶博物馆) yokuqala kulesi sifunda. Itiye liyingxenye ejulile yempilo yamaDai (傣族), amaJingpo (景颇族) namaDe’ang, okusele liwumkhiqizo obalulekile kwezomnotho nasemisebenzini yesiko.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Uhlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyè Zhǒng), Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Indlela yokukhula iyeyesihlahla (乔木型, qiáomù xíng) noma yesihlahla esingaphelele. Ishidi leqabunga linobude obungu-14–18 cm, linenyama futhi lithambile; imiqumbe mikhulu, iminyene, inoboya obumhlophe obuningi (毫, háo). Iphrofayela yamakhemikhali ephilayo iyaziwa ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polyphenol (≥41%) nama-amino acid (≥3.8%), okunikeza amandla okukhiqiza amatiye aluhlaza anamakha aphakeme futhi amelana nokuphakwa kaningi.
• Ukuvunwa: Intwasahlobo iyisiqongo sekhwalithi, isikhathi esiyinhloko sokuvuna siwuku-Mashi–Ephreli (ngaphambi nangemva kwe-Qingming). Ukuvuna ehlobo nasekwindla kuphinde kwenziwe, kodwa kunamandla aphansi.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Amazinga amathathu ngokwalokho okuvuniwe:
  • I-Tèjí (特级, tèjí) — umqumbe owodwa (单芽, dānyá), umbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya.
  • Ibanga lokuqala (一级, yījí) — umqumbe neqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè), asongwe ngokuqinile.
  • Ibanga lesibili (二级, èrjí) — umqumbe namaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè).
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ezincane, ezifanayo, ezingenawo amaqabunga amahhasha noma umonakalo wemishini. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla kuphela, ngesikhathi esomile.

4. Indawo Yokutshala Nezici Zokukhula:

• Indawo kanye nokwakheka komhlaba: Izingadi zetiye zitholakala emithambekeni esentshonalanga ye-Gaoligongshan (高黎贡山, Gāolígòng Shān), endaweni yamathala asezintabeni, imithambeka emincane namatshe anezintaba ezithambekele ku-30°. Ukuphakama kwezinsimu eziyinhloko kungu-1300–2000 m ngaphezu kolwandle, ingqikithi yokukhiqiza ingu-1500–1800 m.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esiseningizimu se-subtropical monsoon (南亚热带季风气候). Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi kwezinga lokushisa ezinsimini lithe u-15 °C; izinga eliphakeme ngokuphelele lingu-33.8 °C, eliphansi ngu- −3.8 °C. Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku ungaphezu kuka-8 °C, okuphazamisa ukukhula futhi kusiza ekwakhekeni kwama-amino acid eqabungeni. Imvula ingu-1400–2100 mm ngonyaka. Inani lezinsuku ezinokunkungu lingaphezu kuka-180 ngonyaka; ingxenye yokukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile ingaphezu kwama-70%. Isikhathi esingenazo izithwathwa singamalanga acishe abe ngu-300.
• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi obomvu wezitini (砖红壤), onsundu ngokubomvu (红棕壤) kanye nomhlabathi omnyama onsundu we-humus (黑棕壤), pH 4.5–6.5. Ukujula kwengqimba evundlile kungaphezu kuka-100 cm; okuqukethwe yizinto eziphilayo ≥2%. Ukumbozwa kwehlathi kungu-72–76%.
• Imvelo: Indawo ayinakho ukungcoliswa yizimboni; imithombo yamanzi ihambisana nekilasi lokuqala likazwelonke lezinga. Izingadi zetiye zitholakala endaweni yezinto eziphilayo ezahlukene zamahlathi, okuyenza ibe yisivikelo semvelo ezinsimbini futhi icebise umhlabathi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Isitayela esiyinhloko yi-chǎoqīng (炒青) kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bendabuko baseYunnan obubizwa nge-“mágōuchǎo” (磨锅, mógōu) — ukugazingwa nokubunjwa kaningi ngesandla epanini lensimbi. Umgomo omkhulu wezobuchwepheshe uthi: “Izinga lokushisa eliphansi — ukugazinga isikhathi eside, umlilo onamandla — ukuphakamisa iphunga” (低温长炒，猛火促香, dīwēn cháng chǎo, měnghuǒ cù xiāng).

1. Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna okwenziwa ngesandla, okukhethekile kwezinto ezisencane ngokwezinga elifanele.
2. Ukubutha (摊晾 — tānliàng): Izinto ezivuniwe zendlalwa ngobukhulu obuncane ezisefeni zoqalo (竹筛, zhúshāi) amahora angu-4–8. Ukulahlekelwa umswakama cishe kungu-12%. Lesi sigaba silungiselela iqabunga ukukhiya futhi siqala ukwakha iphrofayela yephunga.
3. “Ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Kwenziwa emgodini wokujikeleza (滚筒, gǔntǒng) ezingeni lokushisa lika-180–240 °C ngokwesimiso esithi “iqale phezulu, bese yehla” (先高后低). Ukumiswa kwe-oxidation ye-enzyme, ukukhiya umbala oluhlaza kanye nokususa ukunambitheka kotshani.
4. Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Okwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukusonga okushisayo (热揉, rè róu) — ukuze kwakheke imichilo eminyene, eqinile, bese ukusonga okubandayo (冷揉, lěng róu) — ukuze kwembuleke iphunga. Ukucindezela ngomshini akuvunyelwe — ukusonga ngesandla kuphela, ukuze kulondolozeke ukuma okumise okwebhuzo.
5. Ukugazinga nokubumba epanini — “mágōuchǎo” (磨锅 — mógōu): Isigaba esiyinhloko nesiyivelakancane. Itiye liyagazingwa futhi lihlinzwe ngesandla epanini lensimbi elifudumele, okuyenza kwakheke iphunga eliyimfihlo lomthala we-castanea (栗香, lìxiāng) kanye nokuma kokugcina okuqinile okubhijelene.
6. Ukugazinga kokugcina — “huīguō” (辉锅 — huīguō): Ukuthiswa ngezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo kuze kufinyelele kumswakama ozinzile ongaphansi kuka-≤5%.
7. Ukuphakamisa iphunga ngomlilo (促火提香 — cùhuǒ tíxiāng): Ukugazinga kokugcina okufushane ngezinga lokushisa eliphakeme ukuze kumbulwe futhi kuqiniswe iphunga.
8. Ukuhlukanisa ngokwamazinga (分级 — fēnjí): Ukukhethwa kwezingxenyana namazinga.

6. Izimpawu Zomzimba Ezingazwakala (Organoleptic Characteristics):

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imichilo (条索, tiáosuǒ) iminyene, iqinile, isongeke ngokwebhuzo (紧实卷曲, jǐnshí juǎnqū), emikhulu futhi inenyama. Umbala uluhlaza okotshani (墨绿, mòlǜ) onoboya obumhlophe obugqamile (显毫, xiǎn háo). Ingaphezulu licwebezela okunamafutha, umbala ophuza nohlaza okwesikhathi esthi ubekhanya.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elikhanyayo lomthala we-castanea (栗香, lìxiāng), eliphakeme futhi elihlanzekile, linombala wokuhlaza okusha. Inkomishi ebandayo igcina iphunga imizuzu engaphezu kwe-10 (冷杯留香).
• Iphunga lokumnika: Iphunga elinothile lomthala we-castanea, elihlala njalo futhi elizungezayo, linemibala engaphansi kwe-khothoka esanda kugaywa kanye nephunga elincane lezimbali. Iphunga laziwa ngokuhlala isikhathi eside nokuqina kusukela ekuphakweni kuya kwesilandelayo.
• Ukunambitheka: Kuminyene futhi kunothile (浓酽, nóngyàn), kodwa kungenabo ubuqatha nobulukhuni. Ukuhlangana kokuminyana okunikezwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-polyphenol kanye nobumnandi obusha obuvela kuma-amino acid. Ukubaba okuncane ekuqaleni kuguquka kube ubumnandi (微涩转甜). Ukuphuma emuva kunokunambitheka okujulile, okuhlala isikhathi eside okubizwa nge-“huígān” (回甘悠长), okunomuzwa wobumnandi obuyayo emsukeni wolimi. Ukuminyana kokumnika — kuminyene, “kunamafutha”.
• Umbala wokumnika: Oluhlaza ophuza, okhanyayo futhi kucwebile kuhle (黄绿明亮, huánglǜ míngliàng). Kucwebezela, kunokunotha okuhle.
• Ingqikithi yetiye (iqabunga eligaziwe): Lifana, liyaphila futhi licwebezela (匀整鲜活); amaqabunga aluhlaza kancane anomphetho wethusi nensundu (嫩绿带铜边, nènlǜ dài tóngbiān), anwebekile futhi alula.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Huílóng Lǜchá ihlukile ematiyeni aluhlaza aseChina ngenxa yezinto ezingavuthiwe zohlobo lwamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan, ezitshalwe ekuphakameni okukhulu ngomehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku. Lokhu kunikeza amazinga aphakeme emaqenjini abalulekile amakhemikhali aphilayo.

• I-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuqukethwe ≥41%, okungaphezulu kakhulu kwezinga elimaphakathi lamatiye aluhlaza (okuvamise kube ngu-18–36%). Izingxenye ezibalulekile yi-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), enikeza umphumela onamandla wokulwa nokugugiswa kwezakhi zomzimba.
• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Okuqukethwe ≥3.8%, okungaphezu kwama-20% kunesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza avamile. I-amino acid ehamba phambili yi-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸), ebhekele ubumnandi obujwayelekile kanye “nomzimba” wokunambitheka.
• Okukhishwa ngamanzi (水浸出物, shuǐ jìnchūwù): ≥47.5% — inkomba yokukhishwa okuphelele, ebeka ukuminya nokuqina kokumnika.
• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn) — ≥2.0%, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Ukuhlangana kwe-caffeine nezinga eliphezulu le-L-theanine kunikeza umphumela opholile kodwa ohlala isikhathi eside wokuvuselela ngaphandle kokuvusa kakhulu.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (okuqukethwe okuningi ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezintsha nasekuphakweni kwasekuqaleni), amavithamini eqembu B, ne-vitamin K.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluorine, ne-selenium.
• Amafutha aphungayo (芳香物质, fāngxiāng wùzhì): Abeka iphrofayela yephunga lomthala we-castanea; akheka ikakhulukazi esigabeni se-“mágōuchǎo” nasekugazingeni kokugcina.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikela okuqinisiwe kokulwa nokugugiswa kwezakhi zomzimba: Okuqukethwe i-polyphenol ≥41% kuhlangene nezinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid (3.8%) kunikeza umphumela wokuhlangana ekunciphiseni ama-radical amahhala, okuthi ngokusho kocwaningo lwesifunda, udlule umphumela ofanayo wamatiye aluhlaza avamile ngamaphesenti angu-25.
• Ukuvuselela okunobumnene nokuqhubekayo: Ukuhlangana okulingene kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukunyuka okubushelelezi kokugxila ngaphandle kokukhathazeka noma ukwehla okukhulu, okusiza ukucaca komqondo nokugxila okuthulile.
• Ukusekela ukugaywa kwamafutha: Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) avimba umsebenzi we-lipase, okungasiza ekunciphiseni ukugaywa kwamafutha uma ephuzwa njalo emva kokudla.
• Ithemba ekugayweni kokudla: Ukumnika okufudumele, okunothile emva kokudla kukhuthaza kancane ukunyakaza kwamathumbu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme wokugaya.
• Ukusekela umgudu wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuphuza njalo itiye eliluhlaza elinama-catechin aphezulu kuhlotshaniswa nokunciphisa izinga “le-cholesterol embi” (LDL) kanye nokuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
• Umthelela wokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye namagciwane: Ama-polyphenol anekhono elinamandla lokucindezela umsebenzi wamagciwane ayingozi kanye nezinqubo zokuvuvukala.
• Ukusekela ukugayeka komzimba: Kusiza umuzwa wokuba lula, kusekela umfutho womzimba kanye nezinqubo zokugayeka.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85 °C (amanzi abilayo, asele imizuzwana engu-60–90). Kumqumbe owodwa (tèjí) — 75–80 °C, ezintweni eziqinile kuvunyelwe kuze kufinyelele ku-90 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (indlela “yenkomishi”), isilinganiso esingu-1:50. Ngendlela ye-gongfu — 6–8 g ku-120–150 ml.
• Izitsha: Ingilazi yokucwebezela (玻璃杯, bōlibēi) — ukubuka ukuma nokudansa kweqabunga; i-gaiwan yobumba elimhlophe (白瓷盖碗, báicí gàiwǎn) — ukuze kumbulwe ngokugcwele iphunga. Ibhodlela le-Yixing — ngesiyalo, njengoba ubumba olunamaphakhati lungakwazi ukunciphisa amanothi aphezulu.
• Amanzi: Kunconywa amanzi asemthombo athambile ane-pH engathathi hlangothi noma ene-asidi encane.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, ukhiphe amanzi.
  2. Thela itiye.
  3. Ukuwashwa akuyona imfuneko ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezithambile ze-tèjí; ebangeni lokuqala nelesibili — ukuwashwa ngokushesha (1–2 s).
  4. Thela amanzi kusetshenziswa indlela ethi “I-Phoenix ivuma ngekhanda kathathu” (凤凰三点头, fènghuáng sān diǎntóu) — ukuthela okuphakeme okuphindwe kathathu ukugcwalisa amanzi nge-oxygen.
  5. Ukuphakwa kokuqala — imizuzwana engu-5–10 (gongfu) noma umzuzu owodwa kuye komunye nohafu (inkomishi).
  6. Ukuphakwa okulandelayo — yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5–10.
  7. Imelana nokuphakwa okugcwele okungu-3–5 (indlela ye-gongfu) noma ukuphiswa okungu-2–3 enkomishini.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Iziqukwambi: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke kahle, okungangenisi ukukhanya — amaphakethe angaphinde agcwaliswe nge-aluminium foil, amabhange ensimbi anezivalo eziqinile. Kuyimpoqo ukuvikela ephungeni elingaphandle, ekukhanyeni nasemswakameni.
• Izinga lokushisa: Kukahle — 0–5 °C (ishalofu elihlukile lefriji) ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside. Ukupakishwa kufanele kushiywe kuzingela lokushisa kwegumbi kuze kufudumele ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokukuvula — lokhu kuvimbela umswakama ukuthi ujike abe ngamaconsi eqabungeni.
• Isikhathi sokugcinwa: Izinyanga eziyi-12 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. Uma umphakethi uvuliwe — sebenzisa emasontweni angu-4–8.
• Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphunga angaphandle (ikakhulukazi izinto eziphunga kakhulu efrijini).

11. Inani Nokukhwabanisa:

I-Huílóng Lǜchá ithatha indawo ephakathi nendawo ephakathi naphezulu ekubaleni kwenani phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza esifunda saseYunnan, okuphansi kakhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza amahle asezindaweni zaseJiangzhe naseAnhui anokuqukethwe okuncintisanayo noma okuphezulu kwezinto ezisebenza ngokoqobo. Amanani alinganisiwe (ngama-RMB kwi-500 g): i-tèjí — kusukela ku-RMB 600, ibanga lokuqala — 200–300 RMB, ibanga lesibili — 80–150 RMB. Izinto ezenza amanani: ibanga nezinga lokuvuna, isizini (inhlwasahlobo yokuqala ibiza kakhulu), ukusebenza ngesandla noma okuyisandla nje, nomkhiqizi othile.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
  • Thenga kubadayisi abathembekile noma ngokuqondile kubakhiqizi abaqinisekisiwe besifunda saseLianghe. Izimpawu zokuhweba ezithembekile zihlanganisa i-“Huisi” (回思), i-“Ping’an Cun” (平安村), i-“Hongliang” (弘梁), i-“Zhaozong” (兆宗), ne-“Yuanhe” (圆合).
  • Hlola ukubukeka: i-Huílóng yeqiniso — imichilo eqinile, ephothiwe yombala oluhlaza okotshani enoboya obumhlophe obubonakalayo, hhayi exegayo noma eyaphukile.
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile kufanele libe lihlanzekile, ibe li-castanea, kungekho ubutha, i-acidi, noma amaphunga angaphandle.
  • Ukumnika kukhanya, kuphuzi noluhlaza, kucwebile. Ukufiphalela, umbala ophaphathekile, noma iphunga elibuthaka kuyizimpawu zekhwalithi ephansi noma ukukhohlisa.
  • Inani eliphansi ngokusolisayo (elingaphansi kuka-RMB 100 nge-500 g ngalelo obizwa nge-“tèjí”) cishe liwuphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi kuyakhiqizwa okungemthetho noma kuhlanganiswe nezinto ezingabizi.

12. Amaqiniso Anentshisekelo:

• “I-Jade Eluhlaza LaseHuilong”: Umkhiqizo oyinhloko wezikhulu zesifunda — “Huílóng Lǜyù” (回龙绿玉, Huílóng Lǜyù) — “I-Jade Eluhlaza LaseHuilong”, ekhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe be-“mágōuchǎo” obusetshenziswa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe eziyingqikithi, ithola njalo izimeli zegolide nezesiliva emiqhudelwaneni yetiye yesifundazwe neyomhlaba wonke kusukela ngo-1994.
• Izihlahla Ezinkulukazi: E-Huilongzhai nasemaphandleni kusekhona izihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezinkulu. Ngo-2004, edolobhaneni lase-Hehuacun esifundeni saseDachang kwatholakala isihlahla esinomjikelezo wesiqu ongu-4.11 amamitha — enye yezikhumbuzo zetiye ezinkulu kakhulu zaseDehong.
• Kusuka ku-opium kuya etiyeni: Umlando wetiye laseHuilong uxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nomkhankaso wokuthi “Ukuvalwa kwe-opium — ukutshala itiye” wama-1940s, lapho ukushintshaniswa kwe-opium ngezingadi zetiye kwaba isenzo sangempela senkululeko emiphakathini yasentabeni yendawo.
• Imuseum nomcimbi: I-Huilongzhai iyilona dolobhana kuphela esifundeni saseLianghe elinemuseum yetiye yalo, futhi umcimbi waminyaka yonke we-Huilong Tea Culture Festival udonsela izinkulungwane zezivakashi nabahwebi abavela kuso sonke lesi sifundazwe.
• Isiteketiso “Zhu Ye Qing”: Ngokwesintu, i-Huílóng Lǜchá ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi “i-Zhúyèqīng yangempela” (竹叶青, Zhúyèqīng) — “Iqabunga Loqalo,” okugcizelela ubusha nobuhlanzo besimo sayo, nakuba leli tiye lingahlobene ngokusemthethweni nelibamba ledume elikhulu laseSichuan.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• I-Méng Dǐng Gān Lù (蒙顶甘露, Méngdǐng Gānlù): Itiye eliluhlaza laseSichuan elisuka entabeni iMengding. Nalo liphakeme, kodwa lisuka ezintweni zamaqabunga amancane. Ukuma — kuphothiwe, kunoboya. Ukunambitheka kuthambile, kunamanothi avezelayo ezimbali ne-orchid kanye nobumnandi obumnene. I-Huílóng iminyene kakhulu futhi inothile, inephunga linamandla lomthala we-castanea kanye “nomzimba” ogqamile ngenxa yezinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan.
• I-Déhóng Gǔ Shù Lǜ Chá (德宏古树绿茶): “Umakhelwane” wendawo ovela kulesi sifunda esizimele saseDehong, kodwa ekhiqizwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zezihlahla zasendle noma ezindala ngendlela ye-shàiqīng (晒青). I-Huílóng ihluke ngephunga elicacile lomthala we-castanea (umphumela wobuchwepheshe be-chǎoqīng/mágōuchǎo) kanye nokunambitheka okuhlelekile, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-shàiqīng zithambile, zinamanothi obuhlalu botshani.
• I-Zhúyèqīng (竹叶青, Zhúyèqīng): Itiye eliluhlaza elidume laseSichuan elisuka entabeni iEmeishan. Ukuma kweqabunga eliphansi, elingamile; ukunambitheka kulula, kuhlanzekile, kunamanothi amantongomane. I-Huílóng iyaphikisana ngokuhambisana nesimo: liminyene, linamandla, lizungezayo, linokunambitheka okunamandla okuhlala emuva. Izinga lezinto ezingavuthiwe nezobuchwepheshe ahluke ngokuphelele.
• I-Diān Lǜ (滇绿): Igama elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza aseYunnan asuselwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu. I-Huílóng iyahluka phakathi kwawo ngomhlaba ochazwe ngokucacile, ukuqinisekiswa kwe-GI, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthile be-“mágōuchǎo”, okunikeza uphawu oluyivelakancane lomthala we-castanea.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Huílóng Lǜchá yitiye eliluhlaza elinobuntu, lapho amandla ezinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan adlula ebuchwephesheni obuhle bokugazingwa ngesandla kwe-“mágōuchǎo”. Iphunga layo lomthala we-castanea, umzimba wokumnika oqinile, kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala emuva okujulile, okwembukeka kancane kwe-“huígān” kwakha isipiliyoni esihluke ngokuphelele kumatiye aluhlaza acwengile, alula asempumalanga yeChina. Kulabo abafuna etiyeni eliluhlaza hhayi kuphela ubusha, kodwa nokuminyana, ukunotha, nokujula okufudumezayo, i-Huílóng Lǜchá izoba yinto entsha — futhi ngasikhathi sinye imemulo emhlabeni wokulima itiye eYunnan, lapho ngemuva kweqabunga ngalinye kunekhulunyaka lamasiko ezinhlanga eziningi kanye nenkumbulo ephilayo yezintaba ezinokunkungu zaseDehong.