Hubei Zi Jing · new.thetea.app

I-Hubei Zi Jing iyitiyeni eluhlaza oluvela emaphaketheni esifundazweni sase-Hubei, ikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi emakethe yokuthekelisa. Igama elithi “Zi Jing” (紫荆, “Bargryannik”, noma i-cercis — Cercis chinensis) libhekisela kwezitshalo zendawo noma linezincazelo ezingokomfanekiso. Leli tiyeni liphawuleka ngokunambitheka okuthambile, okunobumnene, nokuncishisiwe kokubabayo, iphunga elihlanganisa utshani nezithelo, nentengo ephansi—izimfanelo ezakhiwe ngamabomu ukuba zihlangabezane nezidingo zabasebenzisi baseYurophu. Likhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile obune-elementi yokugalelwa ngomhwamuko, okuletha eduze kwesiko le-“zhengqing” (蒸青, zhēngqīng)—elinye lamadala kakhulu emkhakheni wetiye waseShayina.

1. Iklasifikheshini Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingabilisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe bufaka ukushiswa ngomhwamuko (蒸青, zhēngqīng)—ukwelashwa isikhashana ngomhwamuko ukuze kungenziwa lutho ama-enzyme—okuhlukanisa leli tiyeni kweniwa iningi lamanye amatiye aluhlaza aseShayina asebenzisa ukugazinga nge-wok.
Isigaba: Itiye lendawo laseShayina eliluhlaza; umkhiqizo othunyelwa emakethe yangaphandle.
Umvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Hubei (湖北, Húběi), izifunda ezimaphandleni phakathi kwemifula i-Yangtze (长江, Chángjiāng) ne-Han (汉水, Hànshuǐ). Isifundazwe sase-Hubei siphakathi kwe-“Golden Tea Belt” yaseShayina futhi singesinye sezifunda ezinkulu kakhulu zetiye ezweni, okuyindawo okwakuzalelwa kuyo uLu Yu (陆羽) futhi okuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile emzileni omkhulu wetiye.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: ~31°36′ N, ~112°18′ E (ngokulinganisa, engxenyeni emaphandleni yesifunda setiye sase-Hubei).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isifundazwe sase-Hubei singenye yezindawo ezinamasiko amadala kakhulu etiye eShayina. Ubufakazi bemivubukulo bukhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-camellia asendle yizizwe zendawo kusukela ngekhulu lesi-6 ngaphambi kukaKhristu. Ukutshalwa okuhlelekile nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, okuhlanganisa nokuqaliswa ngomhwamuko, kwaqala ngaphansi kobukhosi bakwaTang (唐朝, Tángcháo, amakhulu-7–10), ngenxa yezindela zamaBuddha ezindlini zezindela zezintaba. Kwasendaweni yase-Hubei lapho kwazalwa khona uLu Yu (陆羽, 733–804), umbhali wencwadi yokuqala emhlabeni ngetiye—i-“Chá jīng” (《茶经》, Chájīng). Isifunda sase-Jingzhou (荆州, Jīngzhōu) kudala sibhekwa njengenye yezikhungo ezibalulekile zetiye.

Indlela yokushiswa ngomhwamuko (蒸青, zhēngqīng), esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwe-Hubei Zi Jing, ingenye yezindala kakhulu emsebenzini wetiye waseShayina. Yile ndlela eyathathwa ngabafundisi baseJapan futhi yaba yisisekelo sesiko letiye laseJapan (i-sencha, i-gyokuro). EShayina uqobo, ukushiswa ngomhwamuko kancane kancane kwathathelwa indawo ukugazingwa nge-wok (炒青, chǎoqīng), kodwa e-Hubei kwasala kuze kube namuhla—isibonelo esaziwa kakhulu yi-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù), okuwukuphela kwetiye eliluhlaza eliqaliswe ngomhwamuko elibalulekile kwezentengiso laseShayina yezwekazi. I-Hubei Zi Jing iqhubeka nalo mgqa wakudala.

Ngokomlando i-Hubei yayiyisixhumanisi esibalulekile se-Great Tea Road (万里茶道, Wànlǐ Chádào), eyayixhumanisa izifunda zetiye eningizimu yeShayina neRussia kanye neYurophu. Ngekhulu le-19, ezikhumulweni zezinto e-Hubei—ikakhulukazi e-Hankou (汉口, Hànkǒu, manje esiyingxenye ye-Wuhan)—kwakudlula inani elikhulu letiye elalihloselwe ukuthunyelwa emakethe yangaphandle. I-Hankou yayibizwa nge-“chweba letiye” laseShayina: kusuka lapha, itiye lalithunyelwa nge-Yangtze luya ogwini, bese kuthi ngolwandle nangezinqola ezihamba ngezinyawo—luya eLondon, eMoscow, nase-Saint Petersburg. Leli siko lokuthumela emakethe yangaphandle lisasekhona nanamuhla.

EShayina yanamuhla, amatiye aluhlaza ase-Hubei anengxenye ebonakalayo emigudwini emibili, owesekhaya nowangaphandle. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, isifundazwe cishe sayiphinda kabili izinga lokukhiqiza itiye. I-Zi Jing iyisibonelo sokuguqula itiye lendabuko ngamabomu ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zabasebenzisi baseYurophu: Izinto zokusetshenziswa nezindlela zokucubungula zikhethwa ngendlela yokuthi kutholakale ukunambitheka okuthambile okunobubaba obuncane, okuyinto ethandwa kakhulu ezimakethe zaseNtshonalanga.
Igama: I-Zi Jing (紫荆) ihunyushwa ngokuthi “bargryannik” noma “cercis” (Cercis chinensis)—isihlahla esiqhakaza kahle esitholakala kabanzi enkabeni yeShayina. Cishe igama libhekisela ezitshalweni zendawo eziseduze kwezivande zetiye noma linezincazelo ezingokomfanekiso: emasikweni amaShayina, i-bargryannik ihlotshaniswa nobunye bomndeni nokuvuselelwa kwentwasahlobo. I-Hubei (湖北)—“enyakatho yechibi” (kubhekiswa eChibini i-Dongting).
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Hubei Zi Jing ayinaso isikhundla se-“tiye elidumile” noma uphawu lwendawo, kodwa imele into ethakazelisayo ngokwamasiko—ibhuloho phakathi kobuchwepheshe bakudala baseShayina bokuqalisa ngomhwamuko kanye nokulindelwe ukunambitheka kwesimanje kwemakethe yaseYurophu. Kumthengi waseNtshonalanga, leli tiyeni ngokuvamile liyindlela yokuqala yokujwayelana netiye eliluhlaza laseShayina elisezingeni ngentengo ephansi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Isihlobo / Cultivar: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis—uhlobo lwaseShayina. Izitshalo zingezomgqa wokukhetha wakudala wasenkabeni yeShayina, ezijwayele isimo sezulu esipholile sezindawo eziphakathi kwe-Yangtze ne-Han. Izihlahla ziyizihlahla ezinesimo, ezinamahlamvu amancane.
Isikhathi sokuvuna: Uvuno lwesibili lwasehlobo (ekupheleni kukaJuni—ekuqaleni kukaJulayi). Lokhu kuphuzile kakhulu kunenyanga yasentwasahlobo, okuchaza intengo ephansi kanye nephrofayili yamakhemikhali eyehlukile uma iqhathaniswa namatiye asentwasahlobo. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zasehlobo ziqukethe ama-polyphenol amaningi nama-amino acid amancane.
Izinga lokuvuna: Iflesh ye-level yokuqala—iqabunga elilodwa kanye namacembe amabili amancane asevele avulekile (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Amahlumela amancane aneqabunga elimbozwe ngoboya obusiliva (trichomes).
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Okufana, okungenawo amacembe amakhulu neziqu, okungenawo umonakalo wokusebenza. Kukhethwa izinto eziphilile, ezihlanzekile ezingenazo izimpawu zezifo kanye nezinambuzane.

4. Indawo Yokulinywa Nezici Zokulinywa:

Umphansi nesifunda: I-Hubei emaphandleni iyindawo evundile enamagquma ephakathi kwemifula emikhulukazi yezwe. Isifundazwe siyingxenye ye-“Golden Tea Belt” yaseShayina kanye ne-Sichuan ne-Zhejiang, okudalwa ukuhlangana okuhle kwe-latitude, umswakama kanye nokuphakama.
Ukuphakama okutshalwa khona: 800–1 200 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esiphansi kwetropiki, esinemvula eyanele (1 000–1 400 mm ngonyaka) nemvula emvamisa ezindaweni eziphakeme. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lilinganiselwa ku-15–17 °C. Umehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku wehlisa ijubane lokukhula kwamahlumela futhi usiza ekuqongeleleni izinto ezinuka kamnandi. Amandla okuguquguquka kwesibhakabhaka anikeza inani eliphezulu lokukhanya okuhlakazekile, okuvuna ukuhlanganiswa kwama-amino acid ne-chlorophyll. Ubude benkathi yokukhula—cishe izinsuku ezingu-250–270—kuvumela ukuvunwa okuningana ngenkathi.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yezintaba neyemahlathi, ene-asidi encane, enokuqukethwe okuhle kwezinto eziphilayo. Iphrofayili yamaminerali enhlabathini yase-Hubei inothile nge-selenium ne-zinc—isici sezindawo zetiye zasentshonalanga nemaphandleni yesifundazwe. Isimo senhlabathi sakha ingxenye yamaminerali ekunambithekeni kwetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Hubei Zi Jing buhlanganisa into yokuqala ngomhwamuko (蒸青, zhēngqīng)—okungavamile ekutshalweni kwetiye kwesimanje eShayina—kanye nezenzo ezijwayelekile zokusonga nokomisa ngezigaba eziningi. Inhloso enkulu ukugcina i-chlorophyll eningi ngangokunokwenzeka, umbala omnene kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile.

Ukuvuthwa kokuqala (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Amacembe avuniwe avuthwa isikhashana ukuze kwehliswe umswakama. Kwezinye izimo kusetshenziswa amalambu e-infrared (izinga lokushisa ~45 °C, isikhathi ~imizuzu engu-40, umswakama ohlosiwe ~62%). Lesi sigaba silungiselela amacembe ukuba aqalwe ngomhwamuko.
Ukuqala ngomhwamuko (蒸青 — zhēngqīng): Ukwelashwa isikhashana ngomhwamuko oshisayo (~100 °C, kuze kube yimizuzwana engu-90)—isigaba esibalulekile. Umhwamuko wenza angasebenzi ama-enzyme abhekele uketshezi, futhi ulungisa i-chlorophyll, okunika amacembe umbala oqinile oluhlaza. Ngokuphambene nokugazinga nge-wok, ukuqalwa ngomhwamuko kunikeza iphrofayili ethambile, “eyimifino” enokubabayo okuncane. Yile ndlela eyathathwa eShayina yayiswa eJapan futhi yaba yisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-sencha ne-gyokuro.
Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukusonga ngomshini kuma-roller akhethekile kunika amacembe isimo esiwumthambo ofana nenalithi. Ingcindezi ivula amangqamuzana futhi yakha ikhono lokukhipha amakhemikhali okumnika ukunambitheka.
Ukomisa (干燥 — gānzào): Inqubo enezigaba eziningi. Ukomiswa kokuqala ku-~80 °C ukuze kuqiniswe isimo, bese kuba okuyinhloko ku-~60 °C ukuze kwehliswe umswakama ube ngu-5–6%—izinga eliqinisekisa ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Kwezinye izimo kusetshenziswa ukugcina kokugcina ezikhungweni ezingenamoya (vacuum) ukuze kukhishwe umswakama osele ngokulinganayo.
Ukuhlunga (分级 — fēnjí): Itiye eselilungile lihlungwa ngamabanga; kususwa iziqu kanye nezingcezu ezingahambi kahle.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa (Ama-Organoleptic):

Ukubukeka kwetiye elomile: Izintambo ezincane, ezisongwe ngokuqina nezinjengenalithi (针形, zhēnxíng) ezinobude obungu-10–12 mm, ezinombala ohlaza-mhlophe. Amacembe aphezulu embozwe ngoboya obumhlophe obumnene. Amacembe alingana, ayafana, futhi aphelele.
Iphunga letiye elomile: Lisha, linamakhambi, linamathoni wezimbali nezithelo amancane. Akukho “ukugazinga” okusobala—isici samatiye aqaliswe ngomhwamuko.
Iphunga lalokho okukhiphekayo: Livuleka ngamathoni obuluhlaza obusha nobomila obuncane. I-Linalyl acetate iletha amathoni amancane ewolintshi, i-hexanal—imibala ye-apula eluhlaza, i-β-ionone—izici ezincane zezimbali. Iphrofayili yonke—ihlanzekile, iyasha, “iyintwasahlobo”, ngaphandle kwesisindo.
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kuyavuselela, kunamathoni obuluhlaza nezithelo ezilula kakhulu. Ukubabayo kuncane kakhulu—lokho kuwumphumela wokukhetha amarejimu okucubungula ngenhloso yemikhiqizo yokuthekelisa. Umzimba ulula, usobala, nobumnandi obujabulisayo. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva kuhlanzekile, nobumnandi obusha obulula, obuhamba kancane.
Umbala walokho okukhiphekayo: Uphuzi-olukhanyayo ogqame ngokuhlaza, sobala.
Izindawo zetiye (amacembe ashayiwe aphekile): Amacembe avuleka ngokuphelele, ekhombisa ukuphelela nokuthamba kwawo. Umbala—uluhlaza ogqamile, olinganayo, ophilayo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Njengoba kuyitiye eliluhlaza eliqaliswe ngomhwamuko, i-Hubei Zi Jing igcina izinga eliphezulu le-chlorophyll kanye namavithamini ancibilikayo emanzini, ecekelwa phansi kancane ngokugazingwa okungenzi ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.

Ama-Polyphenol (catechins): Iqembu eliyisisekelo le-antioxidant, kuhlanganise ne-EGCG. Okuqukethwe ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zasehlobo kuphakeme kancane kunakwasehlobo, okukhokhela kancane izinga elincishisiwe lama-amino acid.
Ama-Amino acid (L-theanine): Okuqukethwe kuphansi kunasematiyeni asentwasahlobo amabanga aphezulu, kodwa kwanele ukudala ubumnandi nokuthamba okujabulisayo.
I-Chlorophyll: Ukushiswa ngomhwamuko kulungisa i-chlorophyll ngempumelelo enkulu kunokugazinga, okunika okukhiphekayo umbala ogqamile oluhlaza kanye nesimo “esiphilayo”.
Amavithamini: Ivithamini C (okuqukethwe kuphakeme kunasematiyeni agazingwe nge-wok, ngenxa ye-rejimu yokulungisa ongenabudlova), ivithamini K1 (~180 µg nge-100 g yetiye elomile—ulwazi olubalulekile ezigulini ezisebenzisa imithi elwa ne-blood clotting).
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (~2–4%), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Izinto zamaminerali: I-potassium, i-manganese; kungenzeka kube khona i-selenium, okuyinto ejayelekile enhlabathini yase-Hubei emaphandleni.
Izinto ezinuka kamnandi: I-Linalyl acetate (amathoni ewolintshi), i-hexanal (i-apula eluhlaza), i-β-ionone (izimpawu zezimbali)—iphrofayili evamile “yobusha” yetiye eliluhlaza eliqaliswe ngomhwamuko.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-polyphenol kanye ne-chlorophyll egcinwe zigcina ukungathetheleleki okusebenzayo kwama-radical amahhala kanye nokuvikela amangqamuzana ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.
Ukusekela imisebenzi yengqondo: I-L-theanine ngokuhlangana ne-caffeine isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugxila nokucaca kokucabanga—umphumela “wokuvuka ngokuzola”.
Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-catechin asiza ekugcineni izinga eliphansi le-cholesterol kanye nokuqina kwemithambo ngokusetshenziswa njalo.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Ivithamini C, ama-polyphenol kanye nezakhi zamaminerali zisekela ndawonye imisebenzi yokuvikela yomzimba.
Ukusekela ukusebenza komzimba: Ama-polyphenol akhuthaza izinqubo zokushintshana, asiza ekwenzeni isisindo somzimba esivamile.
Umphumela wokuvuselela nokuvuselela: Kuthambile, ngaphandle komphumela wokuvuselela onamandla—kufanele ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke emini yonke.
Ukusekela impilo yomlomo: I-fluorine nama-catechin anemiphumela yokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, okusiza ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwamazinyo nasekuqabuleleni umoya.
Isimo sesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant (ama-polyphenol, ivithamini C) abamba iqhaza ekuvikeleni isikhumba ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative nasekugugeni okudalwa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Kubalulekile: Lolu lwazi luhlose ukunikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile futhi alusona iseluleko sezokwelapha.

9. Ukwenza Itiye (Ukuphuza):

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 70–75 °C. Kubalulekile ukungasebenzisi amanzi abilayo: amacembe athambile aqaliswe ngomhwamuko “ashiswa” kalula, okuholela ebumuncu nasekubhujisweni kwephunga elihle.
Inani letiye: 3–4 g nge-150 ml yamanzi.
Izitsha: Ingilazi ekhanyayo ukuze ubone ukuvuleka kwezinalithi; i-gaiwan yobumba (盖碗, gàiwǎn) yokwenza itiye elilawulekayo; i-teapot yobumba—ngendlela yaseYurophu (ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside).
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwachitha.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Ukugeza akudingekile kumatiye aluhlaza athambile.
4. Ukuthela kokuqala—imizuzu engu-1.5–2 (ngendlela yaseYurophu) noma imizuzwana engu-15–20 (i-gongfu).
5. Ukuthela okulandelayo—khulisa ngemizuzwana engu-30 (ngendlela yaseYurophu) noma ngemizuzwana engu-5–10 (i-gongfu).
6. Itiye limelana nokuthela oku-3–5 ngokuya ngezinga lempahla eluhlaza kanye nendlela yokwenza itiye.
Amanothi: Amanzi athambile (omthombo noma ahlungiwe) abaluleke kakhulu kuleli tiyeni—amanzi aqine acindezela iphunga elihle. Ungaphinde usebenzise amanzi abilayo kabili.

10. Ukugcina:

Isitsha esivalekile, esingakwazi ukukhanya, esivikelwe ekukhanyeni, emswakameni, ekushiseni nasemaphungeni angaphandle.
Ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside—ifriji (0–5 °C) ephepheni elivaleke ngokuphelele. Amatiye aluhlaza aqaliswe ngomhwamuko azwela kakhulu ekuphazamisekeni ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chlorophyll.
Ngaphambi kokuvula iphakheji ebilondoloziwe ebandeni—kuyivumele ifudumale ngokuphelele ekamelweni lokushisa ukuze kugwenywe umswakama ojiyayo.
Kude neziqholo, ikhofi nezinye izinto ezinuka kakhulu—itiye eliluhlaza limunca amaphunga kalula.
Ngemva kokuvula kunconywa ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwamasonto angu-4–6.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

Isilinganiso senani: I-Hubei Zi Jing ibekwe njengekhwalithi yetiye eliluhlaza ngentengo ephansi. Intengo yokuthengisa eYurophu—cishe ama-euro angu-10–15 nge-100 g, eShayina—cishe ama-yuan angu-30–50 nge-100 g. Umehluko udalwa ezokuthutha nezintela zangaphandle, hhayi umehluko wezinga.
Izinto ezithinta inani: ibanga lempahla eluhlaza, inkathi yokuvuna (eyasentwasahlobo ibaluleke kakhulu kuneyasehlobo), uhlobo lokupakisha, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo (imakethe yasekhaya vs. yokuthekelisa).
Indlela yokugwema okungamanga:
- Bheka ulwazi ngomkhiqizi, usuku lokuvuna kanye nesifunda somvelaphi.
- Hlola ukubukeka: izinalithi zangempela—zilingana, ziphelele, zinombala ohlaza-mhlophe noboya obumhlophe emacembeni aphezulu.
- Iphunga—elisha, elinamakhambi, elingenakho ukubola kanye nethoni yomusi (leyo ayijwayelekile etiyeni eliqaliswe ngomhwamuko).
- Okukhiphekayo—sobalile, kuhlaza ngokukhanyayo; ukufiphala noma umbala ophuzi omnyama kukhombisa ukugcinwa okungalungile noma ukushintshwa.
- Intengo ephansi ngokweqile ingakhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla endala noma ukushintshwa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Indlela yokuqalwa ngomhwamuko (蒸青), okuyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe be-Hubei Zi Jing, iyindlela endala kakhulu yokulungisa ubuluhlaza eShayina, eyaziwa kusukela ngesikhathi sakwaTang. Yile ndlela eyathathwa ngabafundisi bamaBuddha baseJapan futhi yaba yisisekelo sesiko letiye laseJapan: i-sencha, i-gyokuro, i-kabusecha—zonke zikhiqizwa ngendlela yokuqalwa ngomhwamuko. EShayina uqobo, le ndlela yacishe yaphela, yathathelwa indawo ukugazinga nge-wok, futhi i-Hubei ingezinye zezifunda ezimbalwa lapho isalondolozeke khona.
I-Hubei iyindawo okwazalelwa kuyo uLu Yu (陆羽, 733–804), umbhali we-“Chá jīng” (《茶经》, Chájīng), othathwa njengencwadi yokuqala emhlabeni ehlelekile ngetiye. Isiko lokutshala itiye kulesi sifundazwe lineminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2 000.
Ezingxenyeni zetiye ezithunyelwa emakethe yangaphandle, abakhiqizi bakhetha ngokukhethekile izinto zokusetshenziswa futhi balungise izindlela zokucubungula ukuze bathole ukunambitheka okuthambile kakhulu nokubabayo okuncane—ukulungiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokuthandwa yiYurophu. Lokhu kwenza i-Hubei Zi Jing ibe “indawo yokungena” enhle kakhulu yokujwayelana nomhlaba wamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina.
Igama elithi “Zi Jing” (紫荆, “Bargryannik”)—lingelinye lamagama amatiye ambalwa angabhekiseli esitshalweni setiye, kodwa esihlahleni somhlobiso. I-cercis yaseShayina (Cercis chinensis) iwuphawu lwentwasahlobo nokuzwana komndeni emasikweni amaShayina.
Isifundazwe sase-Hubei eminyakeni yamuva cishe sayiphinda kabili imithamo yokukhiqiza itiye futhi ngezinye izikhathi saphuma sisendaweni yesithathu ezifundazweni zetiye zaseShayina (ngemuva kwe-Yunnan ne-Fujian). Ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kukhula ivela ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga nezemaphandleni zesifundazwe, lapho inhlabathi inothile nge-selenium ne-zinc.
I-Hubei Zi Jing ngokuvamile iba yitiye lokuqala eliluhlaza laseShayina kumthengi waseYurophu ngenxa yokuthamba kokunambitheka kanye nentengo ephansi. Kwezokuthumela emakethe yangaphandle, abakhiqizi banciphisa ngamabomu ukubabayo, beqoka indlela yokuqalwa ngomhwamuko nokomiswa—okuyisibonelo sendlela ubuchwepheshe bakudala obuguqulelwa ngayo emakethe yomhlaba.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

I-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye eliluhlaza eliqaliswe ngomhwamuko elaziwa kakhulu eShayina, futhi elivela e-Hubei. Isici esifanayo—indlela yokuqalwa ngomhwamuko kanye nephrofayili “yemifino”; umehluko—i-Enshi Yulu ikhiqizwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zasentwasahlobo zamabanga aphezulu kakhulu, inikeza ukunambitheka okuminyene, okunamafutha, okune-umami esobala, futhi yabiza kakhulu. I-Hubei Zi Jing ilula futhi ingabizi kakhulu.
I-sencha yaseJapan (煎茶, Sencha): Ubuchwepheshe obuhlobene bokuqalwa ngomhwamuko obuthathwe eShayina. I-sencha, ngokuvamile, inephrofayili enkulu “yasolwandle” ne-umami (ikakhulukazi i-fukamushi), kanti i-Hubei Zi Jing ithambe futhi inezithelo. Intengo ye-sencha ngokuvamile iphakeme.
I-Xinyang Maojian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile elivela esifundazweni sase-Henan esingumakhelwane. I-Maojian igazingwa nge-wok (ayiqaliswa ngomhwamuko), okunikeza “ukugazinga” okusobala kakhudlwana namathoni e-castnut. I-Zi Jing ihlanzekile, isha, ilula.
I-Longjing (龙井, Lóngjǐng): Itiye elijwayelekile eliqazingwe nge-wok elivela e-Zhejiang. Isimo secephe lesicaba, iphunga lobhontshisi ne-castnut, umzimba ogcwele nobumnandi obusobala. I-Zi Jing icolekile kakhulu, inamakhambi, futhi ayinaso isimo “esigazingiwe”; kodwa intengo ye-Longjing iphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziningana. Ukuqhathanisa la matiye kukhombisa ngokusobala umehluko phakathi kokugazinga nokuqalwa ngomhwamuko: elilodwa linikeza amathoni afudumele e-nutty, elinye—ubuluhlaza obusha obubandayo.
I-Biluochun (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile elisongwayo elivela e-Jiangsu. Womabili la matiye anamathoni ezithelo, kodwa i-Biluochun ine-phunga elikhulu kakhulu (izingadi zezithelo phakathi kwemigqa), imunandi kakhulu futhi iyiminyene. Isimo secephe futhi siyahluka: esiyi-spiral e-Biluochun nesomthambo ofana nenalithi e-Zi Jing.

14. Imikhawulo Nokungahambi kahle:

Ukuzwela komuntu ngamunye ezintweni zetiye.
Okuqukethwe yi-caffeine: ngokuqaphela uma kunezinkinga zokucasuka kwemizwa, ukungalali, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, futhi nokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.
Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwevithamini K1 (~180 µg/100 g) kungase kube nomthelela emsebenzini wemithi elwa ne-blood clotting engaqondile (i-warfarin nokunye). Iziguli ezisebenzisa le mithi kufanele zibone udokotela.
Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile (ngaphezu kwama-800 ml ngosuku) esiswini esingenalutho kungadala ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hubei Zi Jing—ummeleli othobekile, kodwa othembekile wesiko elikhulu letiye lase-Hubei. Ayingiphakamisi ukuba ibe “itiye elidumile” futhi ayithwaliswa iziqu ezikhulu, kodwa inikeza okuthile okubalulekile: ukunambitheka okuhlanzekile, okuthambile, nokuhlanganisa izithelo namakhambi, okuvezwe ubuchwepheshe obudala kakhulu bokuqalwa ngomhwamuko, ngentengo engadingi ukucatshangelwa. Leli tiyeni—liyisihambisana sansuku zonke esihle: singenankinga, siyavuselela, futhi sithembekile. Kumuntu onolwazi, lithandeka njengobufakazi obuphilayo besiko lokuqalwa ngomhwamuko, elicishe lanyamalala eShayina uqobo, kodwa lanikeza umhlaba i-sencha yaseJapan. Lilungisele ngamanzi angashisile, liphuze ngokungasheshi—futhi enkomishini elula uzothola ukujula okumnandi.