Ithebhu Elibomvu · new.thetea.app

Ithebhu elibomvu — lolu hlobo lwethebhu, ngokwezigaba zaseShayina, luhambelana nalokho emazweni aseNtshonalanga abizwa ngokuthi itiye elimnyama. Lithola umjikelezo ophelele wokufakwa kwezimila (i-oxidation), okuyinika umbala wayo omnyama ovelele wamaqabunga, ukunambitheka okugcwele nephunga elimnandi.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Ithebhu elenziwe ngokuphelele i-fermentation.
Isigaba: Esinye sezigaba eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zethebhu ekuhlukaniseni kwamaShayina (kanye nethebhu eliluhlaza, elimhlophe, eliphuzi, i-olung, nelinyama (Hei Cha)).
Imvelaphi: Kukholakala ukuthi ithebhu elibomvu laqala ukuvela eShayina, esifundazweni sase-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), ezintabeni zaseWuyi (武夷山, Wǔyí Shān), ngasekupheleni kokubusa kobukhosi bakwaMing (maphakathi nekhulu le-17). Ngokwenganekwane, lokhu kwenzeka ngephutha, lapho ngenxa yokubambezeleka ekucutshungulweni amaqabunga ethebhu ane-oxidise kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Nokho, muva nje, ubufakazi obuningi bukhomba ukuthi ithebhu elibomvu lenziwa okokuqala esifundeni saseQimen, esifundazweni sase-Anhui. Kamuva ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ithebhu elibomvu basakazekela kwezinye izifunda zaseShayina, kwase kuba nezinye izizwe (India, Sri Lanka, Afrika).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Zincike esifundeni esithile esikhiqizwa kuso.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ithebhu lokuqala elibomvu elavela eShayina kubhekwa njenge Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (Lapsang Souchong). Kamuva, ngekhulu le-19, kwakhiwa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amanye amathebhu abomvu adumile afana ne-Qi Men Hong Cha (Keemun) kanye ne-Dian Hong (Ithebhu elibomvu laseYunnan). Ngekhulu le-17 nele-18 ithebhu elibomvu laba ngomunye wemikhiqizo emikhulu ethunyelwa eShayina, lithunyelwa eYurophu, lapho lazuza khona ukuduma okukhulu futhi laziwa ngokuthi “itiye elimnyama”. Leli gama lihlobene nombala omnyama weqabunga lethebhu elesomile futhi, ngokwengxenye, nombala womhlamvu.
Igama:
- “Hong” (红) - okubomvu. Kubonisa umbala womhlamvu namaqabunga ethebhu ane-oxidised.
- “Cha” (茶) - itiyela.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: EShayina ithebhu elibomvu alidumi kangako njengethebhu eliluhlaza, kodwa linendawo ebalulekile emasikweni etiyela. EYurophu naseRussia, ngokuphambene, itiyela elimnyama (elibomvu laseShayina) liwuthi oludume kakhulu futhi oluthandwa kakhulu. Ithebhu elibomvu livame ukuhlotshaniswa nokufudumala, ukukhululeka namandla.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo lwezitshalo: Ukuze kukhiqizwe ithebhu elibomvu, kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesihlahla setiyela (Camellia sinensis). EShayina kuthandwa izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane nezinkulu, kufaka phakathi:
- Yunnan Da Ye Zhong (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng): Uhlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu oluvela esifundazweni saseYunnan, olusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-Dian Hong.
- Qi Men Zhong (祁门种, Qímén Zhǒng): Uhlobo olunamaqabunga amancane olusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-Qi Men Hong Cha edumile.
- Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (正山小种, Zhèng Shān Xiǎo Zhǒng): Uhlobo olunamaqabunga amancane olusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-Lapsang Souchong.
- Fuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbáichá): Isetshenziswa eFujian, kufaka phakathi ukukhiqiza ithebhu elibomvu i-Bai Lin Gongfu.
- Ying Hong No.9 (英红9号, Yīng Hóng 9): Uhlobo olwakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa kwethebhu elibomvu esifundazweni saseGuangdong.
- I-Assamese variety (Camellia sinensis var. assamica): Uhlobo olunamaqabunga amakhulu olusetshenziswa kakhulu eNdiya, eSri Lanka nase-Afrika.
Ukuvuna: Isikhathi sokuvuna sincike esifundeni nohlobo oluthile lwethebhu. Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo, ngokuvamile, kubhekwa njengokuyigugu kakhulu.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ingahluka kusukela emiqulwini emihle neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili aphezulu kuya emaqabungeni avuthiwe amaningi (amacembe angu-3-4 nangaphezulu).
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Zincike ezingeni lwekhwalithi yethebhu. Kulabo abakhethekile, kusetshenziswa kuphela imiqulu emincane, engalimele, namaqabunga.

4. Uhlobo Lwendawo Nezici Zokutshala:

Izifunda: Ithebhu elibomvu litshalwa ezifundeni eziningi zaseShayina, kanye naseNdiya, eSri Lanka, e-Afrika, eNepal, eVietnam nakwamanye amazwe. Isifunda ngasinye sinezici zaso eziyingqayizivele, ezithonya ukunambitheka nephunga lethebhu.
Ukuphakama kokuhlala: Kuhluka kusukela emasimini asemathafeni kuya ezindaweni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2000).
Inhlabathi: Iyahlukahluka, kodwa, ngokuvamile, ivunda futhi ikhishwa amanzi kahle.
Isimo sezulu: Sincike esifundeni. Izifunda eziningi ezikhiqiza ithebhu elibomvu zinesimo sezulu esishisayo noma esishisayo esinomswakama ophezulu nemvula eningi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ithebhu elibomvu buhlanganisa lezi zigaba eziyinhloko ezilandelayo:

Ukuvuna (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Kuchazwe ngenhla, kwenziwa ngezandla noma ngomshini.
Ukwenza ukubuna (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Amaqabunga avuniwe anikezwa ugqinsi oluncane emoyeni ovulekile (ukubuna kwelanga noma komthunzi) noma endaweni engenisa umoya kahle. Lesi sigaba singathatha amahora ambalwa kuya kosuku nangaphezulu, kuye ngezimo zezulu, uhlobo lwempahla eluhlaza kanye nomphumela ofunwayo. Inhloso iwukususa ingxenye enkulu yomswakama emaqabungeni (kufika ku-50-70% nangaphezulu), ukuwenze athambe futhi anwebe kalula, kanye nokuqalisa inqubo ye-fermentation.
Ukusonteka (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Amaqabunga abuniwe asontekwa ngezandla noma ngemishini ekhethekile (ama-roller). Ukusonteka kudiliza isakhiwo samangqamuzana amaqabunga, kukhishwe ijusi equkethe ama-enzyme nezinye izinto, futhi kukhuthaze ukuqhubeka kokufakwa kwezimila. Isimo sokusonteka singahluka (ngobude, ngokuzungeza, ngesimo samabhola njll.) futhi sincike ohlotsheni oluthile lwethebhu.
Ukufakwa kwesimila (i-oxidation ephelele) (发酵 - fājiào): Isigaba esiyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwethebhu elibomvu. Amaqabunga asontekile anikezwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezinamazinga okushisa alawulwayo (20-30°C) nomswakama (90-95%), lapho enza khona inqubo ye-oxidation ephelele. Ukufakwa kwesimila kuthatha amahora ambalwa kuya kosuku, kuye ngohlobo lwethebhu, izinga lokushisa, umswakama nezinga elifiswayo lokufakwa kwesimila. Inqubo yokufakwa kwesimila amaqabunga athola umbala obomvu-nsundu ovelele, futhi kwakhiwa ukunambitheka nephunga lethebhu. Kuyilesi sigaba lapho ama-catechin e-oxidiseka abe ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin. Umphathi kumele alawule ngokucophelela izinga lokushisa, umswakama nesikhathi sokufakwa kwesimila ukuze athole umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Ukomiswa (烘干 - hōnggān): Ithebhu liyomiswa ukuze kumiswe ukufakwa kwesimila, kususwe umswakama (kwehliswe okuqukethwe ku-3-6%) futhi kuqiniswe isimo, ukunambitheka nephunga lethebhu. Ukomiswa kungenziwa ngezigaba ezimbalwa, emazingeni okushisa ahlukene (ngokuvamile 80-120°C), ezikabini zokomisa ezikhethekile, elangeni noma phezu kwamalahle.
Ukuhlunga (分级 - fēnjí): Ithebhu elenziwe lihlungwa ngobukhulu, isimo nekhwalithi, kuhlukaniswe ama-tips (imiqulu), amaqabunga aphelele, amaqabunga aphukile kanye nezinqa zethebhu. Kwezinye izinhlobo (isibonelo, i-Jin Jun Mei) imiqulu ingahlukaniswa futhi idayiswe njengohlobo oluhlukile, olubiza kakhulu.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo, ubukhulu nombala wamaqabunga kuncike ohlotsheni oluthile lwethebhu elibomvu. Angaba asontekile ngezinga elihlukahlukene (ngobude, ngokuzungeza, ngesimo “semashiya”), noma asikiwe (njengoba kwenzeka ngethebhu eliyimbumbulu). Umbala uhluka kusukela kunsundu ngokujulile kuya komnyama, ngokuvamile unezichibi ezisagolide noma ezibomvana (ama-tips).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ligcwele, lifudumele, linoshukela, linamacebo e-malt, uju, izithelo ezomisiwe (ama-plum amnyama, ama-apricot omisiwe, amagilebhisi omisiwe), izinongo (isinamoni, i-clove), ushokoledi, kalamela. Kungenzeka kube khona ama-nuances ezimbali, ezokhuni, entuthu (ikakhulukazi ezinhlobonhlobo ezibhenywayo). Iphunga lincike ohlotsheni, uhlobo lwendawo, nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
Iphunga lomhlamvu: Licacile, ligonela, linamacebo e-malt noju, izithelo, izinongo, nama-nuances ezimbali, ushokoledi, kalamela.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kunothile, kubushelelezi, kunoshukela, nokubabayo okuncane kanye nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumnandi. Ebhokisini kunamacebo avelele e-malt, uju, izithelo ezomisiwe, ushokoledi, kalamela, nama-nuances ezinongo, izimbali, amantongomane. Kungaba khona i-acidity encane. Ukunambitheka kuyashintsha kuye ngohlobo, uhlobo lwendawo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe.
Umbala womhlamvu: Kusukela kubomvu onjenge-amber kuya kobomvu-nsundu, okukhanyelayo, okuhlanzekile, okunothile, okujulile, nokukhanya okuvelele okukhanyayo.
Iqabunga elidliwe (iqabunga elenziwe): Amaqabunga aphelele noma aphukile, kuye ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, anombala obomvu-nsundu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesimila okuphelele, izinguquko eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-biochemical zenzeka etiyeleni elibomvu, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinhlanganisela ezintsha eziyinika ukunambitheka, iphunga nombala ovelele.

Ama-polyphenol: Ama-catechin, atholakala eqabungeni lethebhu elisha, ayacutshungulwa futhi aphenduke ama-theaflavin (anika umhlamvu umbala osagolide nokubabayo) kanye nama-thearubigin (abhekene nombala obomvu-nsundu womhlamvu nokunambitheka okugcwele).
Ama-amino acid: Okuqukethwe ama-amino acid, ngokuvamile, kuphansi kunamathebhu aluhlaza, kodwa adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kokunambitheka.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Okuqukethwe i-caffeine etiyeleni elibomvu kuvame ukuba phezulu kunamathebhu aluhlaza, kodwa kuphansi kunekhofi.
Amafutha abalulekile: Ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwesimila kwakheka amafutha amasha abalulekile, abhekene nephunga elimnandi lethebhu elibomvu. Izimpawu ezinenzuzo ikakhulukazi yilezo ezinamakha e-malt, izithelo, uju nezinongo.
Ama-pigment: Ama-theaflavin, ama-thearubigin neminye imikhiqizo ye-oxidation yama-polyphenol inika umhlamvu umbala obomvu-nsundu ovelele.
Amavithamini: C, weqembu B (B1, B2, PP), E, K. Okuqukethwe amavithamini etiyeleni elibomvu kuphansi kunetiyela eliluhlaza.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluoride, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron, i-selenium nokunye.

8. Izinzuzo Ezinempilo:

Umthelela ovuselelayo: Ithebhu elibomvu liyavuselela, lisuse ukukhathala, lenyuse ukusebenza, kuthuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo nenkumbulo. Umthelela, ngokuvamile, uthambile futhi uhlala isikhathi eside kunekhofi.
Isenzo sokufudumeza: Linomthelela ovelele wokufudumeza, ngakho-ke limnandi ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sonyaka esibandayo. Lithuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi.
Isenzo se-antioxidant: Ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin angama-antioxidant anamandla, avikela amangqamuzana ekulimaleni kwama-radical amahhala, anciphisa izinqubo zokuguga, anciphisa ubungozi bezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, umdlavuza nezinye izifo ezingalapheki.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla: Kugqugquzela ukugaya, kusiza ukumuncwa kokudla, ikakhulukazi okunamafutha futhi okunzima. Kuluncedo ekuphazamisekeni kokugaya.
Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Kungasiza ekwehliseni izinga le-cholesterol “embi” (LDL), ukuqinisa izindonga zemithambo, ukuthuthukisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo, ukuvamisa umfutho wegazi.
Ukukhipha ubuthi: Kusiza ekuhlanzeni umzimba kumfucumfucu nobuthi.
Isenzo sokulwa nokuvuvukala: Linezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala.
Inzuzo yomlomo: Liqinisa ukhakhayi lwamazinyo, livimbele ukukhula kwamazinyo abolile.
Ukuthuthukisa isimo somoya: Kusiza ekukhiqizweni kwama-endorphin, kunikeze umuzwa wokuvuseleleka, injabulo nokwenama.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90-95°C (ngezinye izikhathi 95-100°C kwezinto ezingavuthiwe eziqinile).
Inani lethebhu: Ama-gramu angu-3-5 emanzini angu-150-200 ml (cishe isipuni esisodwa setiyela).
Izitsha: I-gaiwan, iketela lobumba le-yixing, izitsha ze-porcelain noma zengilazi.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha: Geza i-gaiwan noma iketela ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Ukuhlambulula itiye (ukudlulisa ngokushesha): Faka itiye ku-gaiwan, uthele inani elincane lamanzi ashisayo bese uwasusa ngokushesha amanzi. Lesi sigaba sisiza ukukhipha uthuli emaqabungeni nokuwalungiselela ukuvuleka.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala: Thela amanzi ashisayo (90-95°C) etiyeni bese ulifaka isikhathi esiyimizuzu engu-2-3 (ukudlulisa kokuqala). Isikhathi sokufakwa singalungiswa ngokunambitheka.
4. Thela umhlamvu ezinkomishini: Susa ngokuphelele umhlamvu ku-gaiwan noma eketeleni uye ku-chahai (isikebhe sokusebenzisa), bese uthela ezinkomishini.
5. Ukuphisa okuphindaphindiwe: Iningi lamathebhu abomvu angaphiswa izikhathi ezingu-2-4, ezinye izinhlobo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zikwazi ukumelana nokudluliswa okwengeziwe. Ngokuphisa ngakunye okulandelayo, khulisa kancane isikhathi sokufakwa ngemizuzwana engu-30-60.

Imininingwane ebalulekile:

Ungalokothi ukufake isikhathi eside kakhulu: Ukufakwa isikhathi eside kakhulu kungenza ukunambitheka kwethebhu kubabe futhi kube munyu.
Lalela itiye: Qondisa emizweni yakho futhi ulungise isikhathi sokufakwa ngokuya ngesifiso sokuqina komhlamvu.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ithebhu elibomvu alidingi kakhulu izimo zokugcinwa kunetebhu eliluhlaza noma elimhlophe, kodwa noma kunjalo, ukugcina ukunambitheka nephunga lalo, kunconywa ukuthi liyogcinwa:

Endaweni eyomile, emnyama, nepholile: Gwema ukushaywa wukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinguquko ezinkulu zamazinga okushisa nomswakama.
Esitsheni esivalwa kahle: Izitsha ze-porcelain, zobumba noma zamathini ezinezivalo ezivala ngokuqinile zilunge kakhulu.
Kude namaphunga angaphandle: Itiye limunca amaphunga kalula, ngakho-ke akumelwe ligcinwe eduze kwemikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla (izinongo, ikhofi, inhlanzi, njll.).

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

Intengo yethebhu elibomvu ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi:

Isifunda esikhulele kuso: Izinhlobo ezibiza kakhulu nezinenzuzo zivela eFujian (Wuyi, idolobhana laseTongmu), eYunnan (Fengqing, Lincang), e-Anhui (Qimen).
Uhlobo lwesihlahla setiyela: Izinhlobo ezingavamile nezinenzuzo zibiza kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe: Ingabe kusetshenziswa amaqabunga akhethiwe nemiqulu emincane noma izinto ezivuthiwe kakhulu. Amatiye emiqulu (isibonelo, i-Jin Jun Mei, i-Dian Hong Jin Ya) abiza kakhulu kunalawo amaqabunga.
Isizini yokuvuna: Itiye lasentwasahlobo, ngokuvamile, liyona ebiza kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula: Umsebenzi wezandla ubekwa njengophakeme kunowomshini. Ubunkimbinkimbi nokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba zokucubungula (isibonelo, ukugazinga ngokuphindaphindiwe emalahleni) kunyusa izindleko.
Idumela lomkhiqizi: Abaphathi abadumile nemikhiqizo yezinkampani ezithile ibiza kakhulu.
Ubudala betiye: Amanye amathebhu abomvu (ikakhulukazi avela eYunnan) angaguga, futhi intengo yawo ikhuphuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isidingo: Isidingo esikhulu sezinhlobo ezithile zethebhu elibomvu sithonya intengo.

Ngenxa yokuduma okuphezulu nokubaluleka kwezinye izinhlobo zethebhu elibomvu, emakethe, ngeshwa, kukhona imikhiqizo yomgunyathi nokulingisa. Ungakugwema kanjani ukuthenga umgunyathi:

Thenga kubathengisi abathenjwa kuphela: Funana nezitolo zethebhu ezikhethekile ezinedumela elihle, ezihlonipha amakhasimende azo futhi ezinganikeza ulwazi oluthembekile mayelana nemvelaphi yetiye, unyaka wokuvuna, nomkhiqizi. Kufanele futhi baqinisekise ubuqiniso nekhwalithi yalo.
Xwaya intengo ephansi kakhulu: Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iwuphawu oluqinisekile lomgunyathi. Ithebhu elibomvu leqiniso elisezingeni eliphezulu alikwazi ukubiza kancane, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlobo ezikhethekile (i-Jin Jun Mei, i-Dian Hong Jin Ya, njll.).
Hlola ngokucophelela ukubukeka: Bheka isimo, umbala, nokuphelela kwamaqabunga / imiqulu. Kufanele kuhambisane nencazelo yohlobo oluthile. Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga aphukile, uthuli, nezinto ezingahlobene — kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi noma umgunyathi.
Hlaziya iphunga: Itiye elomile kufanele libe nephunga eligcwele, elihlanganisiwe, elihambisana nalolu hlobo lwethebhu elibomvu. Gwema itiye elinephunga elibuthaka, elingacacile, elinuka isikhuthu noma iphunga elingaziwa. Ukunukwa ngokwenziwa, ngezinye izikhathi okusetshenziswa abathengisi abangathembekile, kujwayele ukuziveza ngephunga elihlabayo ngokweqile, elingeyona ingxenye yemvelo.
Hlola umhlamvu neqabunga elidliwe: Umbala womhlamvu, ukunambitheka nephunga kufanele kuhambisane nencazelo yohlobo oluthile. Iqabunga elidliwe kufanele libe ngamaqabunga aphelele kanye/noma imiqulu (kuya ngohlobo).
Qaphela ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga izinhlobo ezidumile nezibizayo: Isibonelo, i-Jin Jun Mei, ama-Dian Hong amabanga aphezulu. Azingamgunyathiswa kakhulu.
Thenga inani elincane ukuze uzame: Ngaphambi kokuthenga iqoqo elikhulu letiye elibizayo, thatha inani elincane ukuze uzame ukuhlola ikhwalithi yalo.

12. Izigaba Eziyinhloko Zamatiye Abomvu:

Ngokwesifunda semvelaphi:
- AmaShayina:
  - AseFujian: Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (Lapsang Souchong), Jin Jun Mei, Yin Jun Mei, Bai Lin Gongfu.
  - AseYunnan (Dian Hongs): Dian Hong Jin Ya, Dian Hong Jin Luo, Dian Hong Song Zhen, Dian Hong Mao Feng, Ye Sheng Hong Cha, njll.
  - Ase-Anhui: Qi Men Hong Cha (Keemun).
  - AseGuangdong: Ying De Hong Cha, Mi Xiang Hong Cha.
- AseThayiwani: Riyue Tan Hong Cha, Alishan Hong Cha, Mi Xiang Hong Cha.
- AmaNdiya: Assam, Darjeeling, Nilgiri.
- AseCeylon (iSri Lanka): Asezintabeni eziphakeme, aphakathi nendawo, asemathafeni.
- Ase-Afrika: IKenya, iTanzania, iRwanda, iMalawi, njll.
- Ezinye izifunda: INepal, iVietnam, iGeorgia, iKrasnodar (iRussia), njll.
Ngobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:
- Gongfu Hong Cha (工夫紅茶): Indlela yendabuko yokukhiqiza, edinga ubuciko obukhulu nomsebenzi wezandla. Izicucu zetiye ngokuvamile zinesimo semicu emincane noma “amashiya”. Izibonelo: Qi Men Hong Cha, Bai Lin Gongfu, ama-Dian Hong amaningi.
- Xiao Zhong (小种): Isigaba esikhethekile samathebhu abomvu, okuhlanganisa i-Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong (Lapsang Souchong) — itiye elibhenywayo, ne-Yan Sun Xiao Zhong — elingabhenywa.
- I-CTC (Crush, Tear, Curl): Ubuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa ngomshini, lapho amaqabunga egaywa, edatshulwa futhi esontekwa. Kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza itiye eliyimbumbulu, kanye nasezikwapheni zetiyela. Izibonelo: amatiye amaningi aseNdiya nawase-Afrika.
- Itiye elisikiwe (lamaqabunga): Likhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko, kodwa amaqabunga ayaphulwa noma asikwe abe yizicucu ukuze kube lula ukuphisa. Izibonelo: amathebhu amaningi abomvu angabizi.
Ngohlobo lwesihlahla setiyela:
- Izinhlobo zamaShayina ezinamaqabunga amancane: Qi Men Zhong, Zheng Shan Xiao Zhong.
- Izinhlobo zamaShayina ezinamaqabunga amakhulu: Yunnan Da Ye Zhong.
- I-Assamese variety: Amatiye aseNdiya, aseCeylon, nase-Afrika.
- Izinhlobo eziyingxube: Tai Cha No.18 (Hong Yu), Jin Xuan, njll.
Ngokwesimo seqabunga:
- Ileqabunga: Amaqabunga aphelele, asontekile ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene (izicuphu, “amashiya”, iziphelele, njll.).
- Ephukile (Okwephukile): Amaqabunga aphukile, akhiwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
- Esikiwe: Amaqabunga asikwa ngenhloso abe yizicucu.
- Eyimbumbulu (CTC): Amaqabunga agaywe kakhulu futhi asontekile esimweni semibumbulu.
- Eyimpushana: Ukugaywa okuncane kakhulu (isibonelo, i-matcha, kodwa lokhu akuselona ithebhu elibomvu).
Ngokuba khona kwezithasiselo:
- Emsulwa: Ngaphandle kwezithasiselo.
- Enepherfume: Ngokufakwa kwezithako ezinuka kamnandi zemvelo noma zokwenziwa (isibonelo, i-bergamot, njengaku-Earl Grey).
- Ngezithasiselo: Ngokufakwa kwezingcezu zezithelo, amajikijolo, izimbali, izinongo.

13. Isiko Lokusetshenziswa:

EShayina: Ithebhu elibomvu alidumi kangako njengethebhu eliluhlaza, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwalo kuyakhula. Ngokuvamile liphuzwa limsulwa, ngaphandle kwezithasiselo. Imikhosi yeGongfu Cha iyaduma.
ERussia naseYurophu: Itiyela elimnyama (elibomvu laseShayina) liwuthi oludume kakhulu. Ngokuvamile liphuzwa nobisi, ushukela, ulamula, uju.
ENgilandi: Kwakheka isiko layo lokusetshenziswa kwethebhu elibomvu — “Five o’clock tea” (itiye lesihlanu). Kuthandwa izinhlobo eziqinile, ezigcwele, ngokuvamile ngokufakwa kobisi.
ENdiya: Kuthandwa amathebhu abomvu amsulwa (i-Assam, i-Darjeeling), kanye ne-masala chai — itiye elinongwe ngezinongo, ubisi nezinongo.

14. Imikhuba Emhlabeni Wethebhu Elibomvu:

Ukwanda kwesithakazelo emathebhini abomvu asezingeni eliphezulu: Abathengi baya ngokuya behlonipha ama-nuances amancane okunambitheka nephunga lethebhu, banaka imvelaphi nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
Ukuvela kwezinhlobo ezintsha nokuhlukahluka: Abakhiqizi bazama izinto ezingavuthiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, bakha amathebhu amasha abomvu athakazelisayo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwezinto eziphilayo nokuhloniphekile: Kukhula isidingo setiye elingenamakhemikhali, elikhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezimiso zentuthuko esimeme.
Ukwanda kwesithakazelo emathebhini abomvu angajwayelekile nawokuqoqa: Ezinye izinhlobo, isibonelo, i-Jin Jun Mei noma ama-Dian Hong agugile, aba yinto yokuqoqwa.

Ekuphetheni:

Ithebhu elibomvu liyizwe elimangalisayo nelinezici eziningi, eligcwele ukunambitheka, amakha, nama-nuances. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zakudala zaseShayina kuya kwezaseNdiya, eCeylon, nase-Afrika, kusukela emathebhini emiqulu athambile kuya kulawo aqinile futhi agcwele — wonke umuntu uzothola phakathi kwamathebhu abomvu lowo ozomjabulisa. Ukufunda ngethebhu elibomvu wuhambo olujabulisayo, olungavumeli nje ukuba unethezeke ngokunambitheka nephunga elimnandi, kodwa futhi nokuthinta umlando namasiko acebile avela emazweni ahlukahlukene omhlaba. Ithebhu elibomvu alisona nje isiphuzo, kodwa ifilosofi ephelele, ubuciko, obufanele buvulwe.