hóng qiǎo méi

I-Hongqiaomei yizinhloko zezimbali ezomisiwe, okuthi eShayina ziphekwe futhi ziphakwe njengetiye, nakuba zingahlobene netiye langempela elivela emaqabungeni e-Camellia sinensis. Umkhiqizo ungesigaba “samatiye okuthatha indawo” (代用茶, dàiyòng chá)—ama-infusion e-herbal nezimbali aphuzwa ngezitsha zetiye, kodwa atholakala ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zezitshalo ezingahlobene nesihlahla setiye. Ngaphansi kwegama lokuhweba elithi 红巧梅 emakethe yaseShayina, ngokuvamile okuthengiswayo yizinhloko zezimbali ezincane ezinombala obomvu-opinki we-gomphrena globosa (千日红, qiān rì hóng), noma kunjalo ukuhlobana kwezitshalo kwaleli gama ekuthengisweni okudayiswayo akuqinile futhi ngokuvamile kubhekisela ezitshalweni ezihlukene. I-infusion yaziswa ngombala wayo ogcwele opinki-oklabhu, iphunga elincane kanye nobuhle bembali eyomile, egcina kahle ukwakheka nokufaka umbala. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, i-hongqiaomei iphuzwa njengesiphuzo esithambile esinephunga elimnandi, ngokuvamile ixutshwe nezinye izimbali nezithelo ezomile, futhi ithathwa ngokuthi “itiye lezimbali ne-herbal” (花草茶, huā cǎo chá), kunamatiye endabuko.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-infusion yembali ye-herbal, ethatha indawo yetiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá)
• Isigaba: ama-infusion ezitshalo nezimbali ezomile (代用茶, dàiyòng chá)—ngaphandle kwesigaba sezitshalo setiye elivela e-Camellia sinensis
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe: izimbali ezomile namabhuthi
• Inguqulo eyinhloko yezitshalo: i-gomphrena globosa (Gomphrena globosa), umndeni we-amaranth (Amaranthaceae)
• Indabuko yesitshalo: izindawo ezishisayo zaseMelika Ephakathi neNingizimu
• Ukuhlobana kwezitshalo kwegama: kunempikiswano

Lapha kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngokungagwegwesi: e-hongqiaomei akukho futhi akumele kube nekhasi le-Camellia sinensis, okungukuthi ngokombono wezitshalo kanye nezesayensi yezimpahla lokhu akulona itiye. Ohlelweni lweShayina lwezigaba zokudla, iziphuzo ezinjalo zidlula njenge “tiye elithatha indawo” (代用茶, dàiyòng chá) noma njengesiphuzo sezimbali ne-herbal, hhayi njengomkhiqizo womkhakha wetiye. Lokhu akwenzi kube “yisikhwabanisi”: ama-infusion ezimbali—kusukela kudala kuwuhlobo oluzimele lwesiko lasekhaya laseShayina olunamasiko alo, izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye namasu okuphisa.

Igama ngokwalo elithi 红巧梅 lifuna ukunakwa ngokukhethekile. Ekuthengisweni okudayiswayo alibekwanga ngokuqinile: abanye abathengisi balihlobanisa ne-gomphrena globosa (千日红, qiān rì hóng), abanye—ngezimbali ezincane ezinjenge-rose ezivela e-Yunnan, ezihlobene namabhuthi e-rose noma i-rosehip. Uhlamvu lwesiShayina u-梅 (méi, “iplamu, i-meihua”) egameni luyadida, ngoba umkhiqizo awuhlobene neplamu yangempela—lokhu, kunalokho, kuyisithombe sokuhweba “sembali enhle ebomvu.” Ngakho-ke, akukho ukuhlobana kwesiLatini okukodwa kwe-红巧梅, futhi kuqotho kakhulu ukukhuluma ngemithombo eminingana engaba khona yezinto ezingavuthiwe kunokukhetha uhlobo olulodwa ngokungahleliwe.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umongo wamasiko: isiko lama-infusion ezimbali (花草茶, huā cǎo chá)
• Indima: isiphuzo sasekhaya, sokuhlobisa, “sasekhaya” sokuphuza kwansuku zonke

I-Gomphrena globosa yafika eShayina njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa futhi kudala yaziwa ngegama elithi 千日红 (qiān rì hóng)—“bomvu izinsuku eziyinkulungwane,” okubonisa ikhono lezimbali lokugcina umbala isikhathi eside kakhulu lapho zomisiwe. Ngenxa yalesi sici, imbali yangena esikweni lezinto “ezihlala njalo”—izimbali ezomile nokulungiselelwa, futhi kamuva naphakathi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe zama-infusion ezimbali.

Igama lokuhweba ngokwalo elithi 红巧梅—lisemva kwesikhathi futhi liwumsebenzi wokumaketha: ligcizelela umbala obomvu (红, hóng) kanye “nobunyoninco” (巧, qiǎo) bembali. Ekuthengisweni okudayiswayo kwesimanje, i-hongqiaomei inyatheliswa ngokuyinhloko njengesiphuzo esihle “semizwa nokubukeka kwangaphandle,” ngokuvamile ingxenye yezihlanganisela zezimbali. Isiphuzo esinjalo sithatha indawo yokuphuza okulula kwasekhaya kanye namaqoqo ezipho, hhayi umkhosi ongaqinile wetiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezivuthiwe:

• Isitshalo (inguqulo eyinhloko): utshani obuhlala unyaka owodwa i-Gomphrena globosa ubude obucishe bube ngu-20—60 cm
• Imbali: ikhanda eliminyene eliyindilinga noma elimise okweqanda ububanzi obucishe bube ngu-1.5—3 cm
• Umbala: ukusuka kuklabhu-nsomi nopinki kuya kobomvu; kukhona izinhlobo ezimhlophe ne-lilac
• Yini ngempela enombala: ama-bract omile anombala ogqamile, hhayi amacembe ngomqondo ojwayelekile
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe enkomishini: amakhanda aphelele omile noma amabhuthi ahlukene

Ku-gomphrena, inani lokuhlobisa kanye “ne-infusion” lilethwa ama-bract—azacile, acishe abe ngathi yiphepha lapho uwathinta, angawulahli umbala lapho oma. Kungakho i-hongqiaomei eyomile ibukeka njengezihloko ezincane eziminyene “eziyizigaxa” zombala ogcwele, zigcine kahle ukwakheka.

Uma kungaphansi kwegama elithi 红巧梅 kuthengiswa imbali enjenge-rose yase-Yunnan, izinto ezingavuthiwe zibukeka ngokuhlukile—njengebhuthi elincane eliminyene elinemigqa eminingana yamacembe. Izinhlobo zingahlukaniswa ngokwakheka: ikhanda eliyindilinga eliyindilinga elinefilimu kaningi liyi-gomphrena, kanti ibhuthi elinamacembe avulekile—liyinto ethile evela kuma-rose.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezimpawu Zokutshala:

• Izifunda eziyinhloko zokuvuna: isifundazwe sase-Yunnan nezinye izifunda ezifudumele zaseShayina
• Uhlobo lwesitshalo: unyaka owodwa othanda ukufudumala (esimweni sezulu esipholile akusindi ubusika)
• Izimo: izindawo ezivulekile ezinelanga, inhlabathi elula ekhishwa kahle amanzi, ukumelana nokushisa nesomiso

I-Gomphrena ayidingi lutho futhi imunca kahle ukushisa, ngakho-ke itshalwa endaweni ebanzi yesimo sezulu esifudumele. Ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zezimbali, izitshalo ezinamakhanda aminyene, anombala olinganayo ziyaziswa. I-Yunnan ekuhwebeni ngezimbali zaseShayina ithatha indawo ekhethekile njengesikhungo esikhulu sokutshala nokomisa izimbali zokuhlobisa ne-infusion, futhi ingxenye enkulu “yamatiye ezimbali,” kuhlanganise ne-hongqiaomei, ifika lapho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izigodi ezikhiqizayo eziqondile ze-红巧梅 emithonjeni azibekwanga ngokuqinile njengakumatiye adumile, ngakho-ke indawo enembile ngaleli gama ingcono ingasetshenziswa ngokweqile.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

• Ukuvuna: izimbali ezivulekile kodwa ezingavuthwanga kakhulu ziyanqunywa
• Ukomisa: ukomisa emkhathini emthunzini noma ukomisa okunobumnene ngamandla okushisa asezingeni elimaphakathi
• Ukuhlunga: ngosayizi, ubuqotho kanye nokulingana kombala
• Ekugcineni: amakhanda omile ahlanzwa kudoti futhi ayapakishwa

Umsebenzi obalulekile ekukhiqizeni—ukugcina umbala nokwakheka kwembali. I-Gomphrena ilungele lokhu: ama-bract ayo ngokwemvelo “aqina” lapho oma futhi acishe angashabalali umbala, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo awudingi ukucutshungulwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Akukho kuvutshelwa okuphawuleka kuma-olong noma itiye elimnyama lapha—lokhu yizinto ezingavuthiwe ezomisiwe zezimbali.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa:

• Imbali eyomile: amakhanda aminyene ayindilinga ombala oklabhu-obomvu noma opinki
• Iphunga lezinto ezivuthiwe ezomile: elincane, utshani-utshani, ngaphandle kobumnandi bembali obuphawulekayo
• Umbala we-infusion: ukusuka kopinki kuya kogcwele onsomi-oklabhu
• Ukunambitheka: okuthambile, ukungathathi hlangothi-utshani, nobumnandi obuncane bemvelo, ngaphandle kokubaba nokucwebezelayo kwetiye

Isici esiyinhloko se-hongqiaomei—esibonakalayo: i-infusion inikeza umbala omuhle opinki-obomvu, obukeka kahle ezitsheni ezisobala. Ngokunambitheka, isiphuzo sithambile futhi asigxili, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile sihlanganiswa nezithako ezinamakha kakhulu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Izinto ezinombala: zincike esimweni sezitshalo sezinto ezingavuthiwe
• Okunye: ama-flavonoid, ushukela oncibilikayo, ama-asidi ephilayo ngamanani amancane

Lapha futhi kubalulekile ukuphawula ngokungaqiniseki kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Uma lokhu kuyi-gomphrena (umndeni we-amaranth), umbala unqunywa ama-pigment e-betalain—ikakhulukazi ama-betacyanin (ku-gomphrena kwaziwa i-pigment i-gomphrenin). Ama-Amaranth—anomunye wemindeni, okuthi esikhundleni sama-anthocyanin asebenzise ama-betalain, futhi lokhu kuyisici esiphawulekayo. Uma kungaphansi kwegama elithi 红巧梅 kufihlwe imbali enjenge-rose, umbala obomvu unikezwa ama-anthocyanin. Umehluko awukona nje kuphela owombono: ama-anthocyanin azwela ku-acidity futhi ashintsha umbala lapho kufakwa ulamula, kanti ama-betalain azinza kakhulu kule ndaba. Ukwakheka okunembile ngobuningi ngegama lokuhweba elithi 红巧梅 akulungile ukukunikeza, ngoba kuncike ohlotsheni, iqoqweni kanye nezimo zokomisa.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

• Njengokuvamile ukucabanga ekuphileni: isiphuzo “sobuhle nokubukeka okuhle kwesikhumba” (美容养颜, měi róng yǎng yán), isiphuzo esilula esiqabulayo
• Okuthakazelisa isayensi: umsebenzi we-antioxidant wama-pigment ezitshalo (ama-betalain, ama-flavonoid) njengesihloko socwaningo lwaselabhorethri

Kufanele kushiwo ngokucacile: i-hongqiaomei—isiphuzo sokudla, hhayi umuthi, futhi ayinazo izithembiso zokwelapha. Esikweni lasekhaya laseShayina, ama-infusion ezimbali avamise ukuphuzwa “ngemizwa,” ubulula kanye nokubukeka kwangaphandle, kodwa izimangalo ezinjalo zempilakahle zokuthengisa zidlulela ngale kwesihloko se-encyclopedia futhi azizona izincomo zezokwelapha.

Eziyisixwayo ezijwayelekile, ezisebenzayo kuma-infusion ezimbali, kungcono ukusho ngokungathathi hlangothi: ukulinganisa esilinganisweni, ukuqapha lapho ukhulelwe noma uncelisa, ukuqaphela lapho uphuza imithi ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi uma uthambekele ekungezwani nempova yezimbali nezitshalo. Imithamo ethile nezinhlelo zokwelapha azinikezwa ku-encyclopedia—uma unokungabaza, kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Inani: cishe amakhanda omile angu-5—8 (cishe u-2—3 g) ku-200—250 ml wamanzi
• Izitsha: iketela lengilazi esobala noma ingilazi—ngale ndlela umbala uyabonakala; i-gaiwan nayo izokwenza (盖碗, gài wǎn)
• Amanzi: ashisayo, cishe u-90—95 °C; kungenzeka futhi ngamanzi abilayo
• Isikhathi: imizuzu engu-2—4 ku-infusion yokuqala
• Ukuphisa okuningi: ikwazi ukumelana nokuphisa okungu-2—3, ngale kwalokho umbala nokunambitheka kuyancipha
• Ukuphakwa okubandayo: kufanele—thela amanzi abandayo bese uyeka ukuphisa efrijini noma upholise i-infusion esilungile ngeqhwa

I-Hongqiaomei kulula ukuyiphisa “ngamehlo”: umbala we-infusion ngokwawo uzokutshela amandla. Njengoba ukunambitheka kuthambile, imbali ivamise ukuhlanganiswa ne-rose, i-hawthorn, amajikijolo e-goji noma izingcezu zikalamula—eyokugcina, uma izinto ezingavuthiwe ziyi-anthocyanin ngokwemvelo, izovuselela futhi ikhanyise ithoni ebomvu. Ngokuphakelwa kwasehlobo, i-hongqiaomei yinhle ibandayo: i-infusion epinki-obomvu ibukeka kamnandi futhi iqabulisa kahle.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isiqukathi: ukupakishwa okuvalwe ngokuqinile noma ibhodlela
• Izimo: indawo eyomile, emnyama, epholile, kude namaphunga angaphandle
• Isitha esikhulu: umswakama—izimbali ezomile zimunca umswakama futhi lapho zimanzi ziyakhunta futhi zilahlekelwa umbala
• Isikhathi: cishe ngaphakathi kweminyaka engu-1—2 uma kugcinwe kahle, kodwa kungcono ukusebenzisa okusha

Izinto ezingavuthiwe zezimbali zisheshe zilahlekelwe ubuhle nephunga kunetiye langempela, ngakho-ke akufanele kwenziwe izinqolobane ezinkulu. Isibonakaliso sokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi—umbala ophaphathekile, “oshile” wamakhanda kanye nephunga elibunny.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohlisi:

• Isiqondiso sentengo ye-wholesale: cishe u-80 ¥/kg (njengezinga lobukhulu; intengo yokuthengisa iphezulu futhi incike ekupakishweni)
• Indlela izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithembekile ezibukeka ngayo: amakhanda aphelele, anombala olinganayo ngaphandle kwemvuthuluka, uthuli nodoti wangaphandle, anombala wemvelo, “ongamemezi”
• Ukufakwa okungewona kanye namacebo ajwayelekile: ukufaka umbala ezintweni ezingavuthiwe, ukungeza izincinjana ezaphukile nezimbali zangaphandle, ukuthengisa izimbali ezahlukene ngaphansi kwegama “elihle” elilodwa

Ngenxa yokungahlobani ngokuqinile kwegama elithi 红巧梅, ingozi eyinhloko yomthengi—akukhona ukukhohlisa okubi kangako, kodwa ukushintshwa kohlobo: ngaphansi kwegama elilodwa lokuhweba umuntu angathola kokubili i-gomphrena, nezimbali ezincane ezinjenge-rose, kanye nengxube yazo. Okufanele kukuxwayise—umbala ongaqondakali ogqamile, onjengowesidakamizwa wezimbali ezomile kanye ne-infusion efaka umbala emanzini ngokushesha futhi kakhulu, okushiya ugqinsi olunombala ezitsheni naseminweni—lokhu kungaba isibonakaliso sombala wokufakelwa. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithembekile zinuka utshani-imbali, ngaphandle kwamanothi amakhemikhali, futhi i-infusion yayo inombala ohlanzekile, nakuba ugcwele.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• “Bomvu izinsuku eziyinkulungwane”: igama elithi 千日红 (qiān rì hóng) likhombisa ukuqina okungavamile kombala wezimbali ezomile
• Kunombala ama-bract, hhayi amacembe: ubukhazikhazi bokuhlobisa ku-gomphrena bunikezwa ama-bract anefilimu
• Ama-Betalain esikhundleni sama-anthocyanin: uma lokhu kuyi-gomphrena, umbala wayo unikezwa ama-pigment e-betalain—isimo esingavamile uma kuqhathaniswa emhlabeni wezitshalo
• Igama liyakhohlisa: uhlamvu lwesiShayina u-梅 (méi) lubonisa iplamu, nakuba umkhiqizo ungahlobene neplamu

Kuyamangaza ukuthi ukuqina kombala okwenza i-gomphrena idume njengembali eyomile “yaphakade,” futhi njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zama-infusion: okuhle ngesixha, kwavela ukuthi kulungele nenkomishi. Futhi ukudideka ngegama elithi 红巧梅—umzekelo omuhle wokuthi ekuhwebeni ngezimbali, igama lokumaketha, “elihle” lingahlukana nesayensi yezitshalo futhi liqale ukuphila impilo yalo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hongqiaomei—ummeleli ophawulekayo wama-infusion ezimbali aseShayina: umkhiqizo ophuzwa ngendlela yetiye, kodwa ongeyena itiye ngomqondo wesayensi yezitshalo, ngoba awunalo ikhasi le-Camellia sinensis futhi ungesigaba samatiye okuthatha indawo (代用茶, dàiyòng chá). Yaziswa ngokuyinhloko nge-infusion enhle epinki-obomvu nokunambitheka okuthambile, okungagxili, kanye nobuhle bembali eyomile, egcina kahle ukwakheka kanye nokufaka umbala.

Lapho uthenga, kufanele ukhumbule isici esiyinhloko saleli gama—ukuhlobana kwezitshalo okungazinzile: ngemuva kwe-红巧梅 ngokuvamile kukhona i-gomphrena globosa, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi nezinye izimbali ezincane ezinjenge-rose, futhi kuqotho kakhulu ukuyithatha njengegama lokuhweba, hhayi njengohlobo oluchazwe ngokuqinile. Uma usondela e-hongqiaomei ngaphandle kokulindela okweqile nangaphandle kokukholelwa ezithembisweni zokukhangisa, kuyisiphuzo esimnandi, esihle futhi esilula ukusiphisa, esithatha indawo yaso esemthethweni ohlotsheni lwe-花草茶 (huā cǎo chá).

the teas described here are available from teamotea