I-Hèshān Hóngchá · new.thetea.app

Isaga esithi: ‘Ngaphambi kokuba kube khona isifunda sase-Heshan, itiye lase-Heshan lalivele likhona’ (未有鶴山縣，先有鶴山茶) — lesi saga sikhombisa ukujula kwamasiko etiye ase-Heshan, aphuma enkathini ye-Song (宋, 960–1279). I-Hèshān Hóngchá yitiye elibomvu elivela edolobheni lase-Heshan (鶴山市) emkhakheni wedolobha i-Jiangmen (江門市), esifundazweni sase-Guangdong (廣東省). Ngesikhathi sokuchuma, ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Qing, i-Heshan yayiyisifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke esikhiqiza itiye e-Guangdong: indawo yezingadi zetiye yayingaphezu kuka-80,000 mu (≈5,333 ha), futhi inani elithunyelwa ngaphandle lalifinyelela ku-80% walo lonke isifundazwe. Kusukela ngo-2015, i-Hèshān Hóngchá ingumkhiqizo kazwelonke onophawu lwendawo (國家農產品地理標誌產品), kanti kusukela ngo-2022 ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bwayo bufakwe ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki edolobha lase-Jiangmen.

1. Ukwahlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (紅茶, hóngchá), eli-oxidised ngokuphelele. Ngobuchwepheshe — igongfu hongcha (工夫紅茶).
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda sase-Guangdong, eliyingxenye yeqembu ‘Yuehong Gongfu’ (粵紅工夫, ‘i-gongfu hongcha yase-Guangdong’).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (廣東省), idolobha lase-Heshan (鶴山市, ngaphansi kwedolobha lase-Jiangmen / 江門市). Izindawo eziyinhloko zetiye: Shuānghé (雙合鎮, ‘Ikhilomitha leshumi lephunga letiye’ — 十里茶鄉), Zháiwú (宅梧鎮), Gònghé (共和鎮), Hèchéng (鶴城鎮), Lóngkǒu (龍口鎮), Gǔláo (古勞鎮).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: 22°28′–22°51′ N, 112°28′–113°02′ E.
Izimo: Umkhiqizo kazwelonke onophawu lwendawo (國家農產品地理標誌, 2015). Umkhiqizo omusha odumile futhi okhethekile wesifundazwe (廣東名特優農產品, 2019). Amagugu angaphatheki edolobha lase-Jiangmen (2022) nasesifundeni sase-Heshan (2020). Indawo evikelwe ihlanganisa amadolobhana angama-21 ezindaweni eziyisi-8 zedolobha lase-Heshan.
Amanye amagama: Heshan Hongcha (鶴山紅茶); ‘Shuangshi’ hongcha (雙石紅茶 — ngegama lefemu yetiye edumile e-Shuānghé); ‘Gulao Yinzhen’ (古勞銀針 — izinaliti zesiliva ezivela e-Gulao — itiye eliluhlaza elidumile lalesi sifunda esifanayo, elivame ukukhulunywa kanye nelibomvu).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando wetiye wase-Heshan ungeminyaka engaphezu kwama-700. Ngokwe-‘County Chronicle of Heshan’ (《鶴山縣志》): ‘Ukulinywa kwetiye e-Heshan kwaqala kusenesikhathi se-Song–Yuan.’ Ngokwesiko, kukholelwa ukuthi itiye laqala ukulinywa edolobhaneni lase-Lishui (麗水) endaweni yase-Gulao, lapho lasakazekela e-Hecheng, e-Baishuidai (白水帶) nakwezinye izindawo.

Inkathi yegolide yetiye lase-Heshan yafika ngesikhathi soBukhosi bakwa-Qing (清, 1644–1912). Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Yongzheng (雍正, 1723–1735), ngenxa yokufika kwabantu abaningi be-Hakka (客家人) endaweni, umphathi wesifunda u-Huang Dapeng (黃大鵬) wahlela ukulotshwa kwe-‘Heshan Cha Jian’ (《鶴山茶鑒》, ‘Ucwaningo lwetiye lase-Heshan’), olwahlanganisa izindlela zokulinywa nokuphathwa. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni enkabeni yesifunda i-Hecheng kwakhiwe ‘Umgwaqo Wetiye’ (茶行街, wasungulwa ngo-1736) — indawo yokuhweba enamashumi ezitolo zetiye, eyaba isikhungo esikhulu sokuthengisa itiye elibomvu entshonalanga ye-Guangdong. Ngesikhathi sika-Daoguang (道光, 1821–1850), indawo yezingadi zetiye e-Heshan yadlula ama-80,000 mu (≈5,333 ha), umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wawufinyelela kuma-dan (担) angama-80,000 amaocha, kanti okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwakungaba ngu-30,000 dan, kuthunyelwa eYurophu, eNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, nase-Australia. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Heshan yathola isiqu sokuthi ‘isifunda sokuqala setiye e-Guangdong’ (廣東茶業第一縣), kanti itiye layo elibomvu lalihlanganisa kuze kube ngama-80% ako konke ukuthunyelwa kwetiye kwesifundazwe ngaphandle.

Ekhulwini lama-20, ukulinywa kwetiye e-Heshan kwehla futhi kwavuselelwa. Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, i-China Tea Company yavula elinye lamaphuzu amane okuthenga ezifundazweni e-Heshan. Ngeminyaka yawo-1960-80, kwasungulwa amapulazi amakhulu etiye: i-Shuangshi (雙石茶場, eyasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1960, 2000+ mu), i-Hecheng Ma’ershan (馬耳山), i-Gulao Chashan (古勞茶山) kanye nabanye. Indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwetiye elibomvu yadlalwa umphakathi wama-Vietnamese Huaqiao (華僑), owafuduselwa ngo-1978 ngemva kwezenzo zokulwa namaShayina eVietnam: esisekelweni se-‘Hecheng Huaqiao Nongchang’ (合成華僑農場) kwatshalwa amapulazi etiye angama-6,000 mu, okwabeka idolobhana i-Shuānghé njengohamba phambili ekulimeni itiye elibomvu.

Isigaba samanje saqala ngo-2013 ngokuqaliswa kwephrojekthi yokumiswa kwe-Hèshān Hóngchá. Ngo-2015, itiye lathola uphawu lwendawo lukazwelonke. Ngo-2018-2019, kwaba ‘noMkhosi Wamasiko Wetiye Elibomvu Lase-Heshan’ wokuqala nowesibili, kwathi ngo-2019 kwasungulwa i-Guangdong Provincial Modern Agricultural Industrial Park (yetiye). Kusukela ngo-2022, itiye elibomvu lase-Heshan lithunyelwa ngaphandle eYurophu ngomzila ‘Jiangmen — Europe’ ngesitimela samazwe omhlaba (中歐班列).

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Hèshān Hóngchá — ‘itiye le-Huaqiao’ (僑鄉茶): amakhulu eminyaka, belihambisana nezihambi zase-Guangdong emhlabeni wonke. Isaga sendawo: ‘Itiye yitiye elibomvu lase-Heshan, umuzwa ungowakini, ojulile’ (茶是鶴山紅，情是僑鄉濃). Kubantu base-Huaqiao abaphesheya, inkomishi ye-Hèshān Hóngchá iluphawu lwezalo nokukhumbula ekhaya. Minyaka yonke nge-Qingming (清明) noNyaka Omusha, abantu base-Heshan bamukela izivakashi ngetiye elibomvu futhi balinikeza njengesipho esiligugu. Kanti abantu base-Heshan abahlala e-Hong Kong, e-Macau, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho Melika, lapho bebuyela ekhaya, bahlala bethatha amaphakethe ambalwa e-‘Shuangshi hongcha’ — ukunambitheka okubakhumbuza ikhaya.

Ngaphandle kwetiye elibomvu, i-Heshan iyindawo yemikhiqizo emibili edumile yase-Guangdong: i-‘Wang Laoji’ edumile (王老吉, 1828) — i-‘liangcha’ (涼茶, itiye elipholile) laseShayina elidume kakhulu emhlabeni, kanye ne-‘Yuan Jilin Ganhecha’ (源吉林甘和茶, 1821). Ngo-2013, i-Heshan yamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njenge-‘Ndawo Yetiye Elipholile LaseShayina’ (中國涼茶之鄉). Ngakho-ke, isiko letiye ligcwele wonke umlando wedolobha — kusukela etiyeni elibomvu lekhulu le-18 kuya emikhiqizweni yomhlaba wonke yekhulu lama-21.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Ayinhloko ama-cultivar: Yúnnán Dà Yè (雲南大葉, amacembe amakhulu — abusa emzaneni wase-Shuānghé), Méijiān (梅尖), Jīnguānyīn (金觀音), Shuǐxiān (水仙), Jīnxuān (金萱), kanye nezinhlobo zendawo zendabuko ezinamacembe amancane. Sekukonke cishe izinhlobo eziyinhloko eziyisi-7.
Isimo seqabunga: Liyindilinga enwetshiwe noma limise okweqanda, linomphetho onamazinyo; uhlangothi olungemuva luluhlaza, lukhazimula. Izinhlobo ezinamacembe amakhulu zinika uketshezi ‘olunemisipha’ kakhulu; ezinamacembe amancane zendawo zithambile futhi zinephunga elimnandi.
Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo (Mashi–Ephreli) — uhlelo oluphakeme; ihlobo nekwindla — okujwayelekile. Ukuvuna kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (明前/雨前) kubaluleke kakhulu.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga eyodwa kuya kwamabili kumaqoqo e-premium; ihlumela elilodwa elinamaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu kwezinye.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokulinywa:

Indawo: I-Heshan iyindawo enamagquma amaningi anezintaba eziphansi. Imithambeka enomqanso ophakeme, ikhishwa kahle amanzi.
Ukuphakama kokuhluma: 200–800 m. Amasimu amakhulu — 200–500 m; amaqoqo aphakeme — avela entabeni i-Ma’ershan (馬耳山) nasezintabeni zase-Gulao (古勞茶山, ~200–400 m).
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile ~22.6°C. Imvula — 1,700–1,900 mm/ngonyaka. Umswakama 78–82%. Ubusika obunomoya ophansi, isikhathi eside esingenasithwathwa. Inkungu yezintaba evame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi endaweni yase-Gulao nase-Shuānghé.
Imihlaba: Ikakhulu imihlaba ebomvu nephuzi ye-laterite, ene-asidi (pH 4.0–6.0), ekhishwa kahle amanzi, enezinto eziphilayo ezilingene. Amadwala angaphansi yi-granite ne-sandstone.
Imvelo: Izindawo zase-Shuānghé nase-Gulao zinezihlahla eziningi nomoya ohlanzekile. Izingadi eziningi zetiye zikude nezindawo zezimboni; amapulazi amaningana anesitifiketi ‘sokukhiqiza okungenangozi’ (無公害). I-Shuānghé ‘iyi-Guangdong Provincial Harmless Tea Production Base’ (廣東省無公害茶葉生產基地). Endaweni yase-Gulao, izihlahla zetiye zikhula emithambekeni egcwele inkungu yasekuseni — isimo sezulu esincane abalimi bendawo abasichaza ngale ndlela: ‘inkungu yentaba inondla iqabunga, umbethe uqinisa iphunga’ (山霧養葉，露水鍊香).
Izikhathi zonyaka: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (春茶) — uhlelo oluphakeme kakhulu, inani eliphezulu lama-amino acid, ubumnene obuncane. Okwehlobo (夏茶) — kubaba kakhudlwana, kufanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu nokuxutshwa. Okwekwindla (秋茶) — kunephunga elimnandi eliqhakazile, kunconywa ngamanothi ‘ezimbali-noju’.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-Hèshān Hóngchá — yi-gongfu hongcha yakudala. Amanye amapulazi asebenzisa izindlela eziguquliwe (ukunyakaziswa kwe-oolong — 搖青, ukushisa ngamalahle — 炭焙).

Ukuvuna (采摘): Ngesandla, ihlumela elilodwa + iqabunga elilodwa kuya kwamabili.
Ukubuna (萎凋): Kwemvelo (emthunzini noma elangeni) noma endlini ngokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa. Amahora angu-10-18. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama, lithambe, kuvele iphunga elincane lezithelo. Indinganiso yokulungela: ‘Iqabunga selilahlekelwe ukucwazimula, imithambo isobala, iqabunga lisongeke laba ishubhu.’
Ukusonga (揉捻): Ngomshini noma ngesandla. Ukwakheka kwamaqabunga etiye aminyene, azacile, alinganayo — isici esivelele sesitayela sase-Heshan.
Ukubila / I-oxidation (發酵): Amahora angu-3-6, ku-25-28°C, umswakama ongu-85-90%. I-oxidation ephelele. Ukulawulwa ngombala (obomvu ngokwethusi) nangephunga (izithelo-noju).
Ukomiswa / Ukushisa (烘焙): Ukomiswa okujwayelekile ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu; kwamanye amapulazi — ukushisa ngamalahle (炭焙), okunikeza ukujula okwengeziwe kanye nenothi ‘lesinkwa’.
Ukuhlunga (分級): Ngobukhulu, ukuba khona kwama-tips kanye nekhwalithi.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga etiye azacile, aminyene, alinganayo (條索緊密細長), ansundu ngokumnyama kuya komnyama, anokucwazimula okunamafutha (色澤烏潤). Ezingeni eliphezulu — ama-tips agolide.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Eligcwele, elimnandi. Amanothi ojusi, emithombo, nokuncane kwezithelo ezomisiwe. Ukufudumala ‘kwase-Guangdong’ okuyisici sephunga.
Iphunga loketshezi: Eliqinile, elimbozayo. Uju, i-caramel, amanothi amancane ezimbali. Lapho liphola — umbala ‘wesinkwa’.
Ukunambitheka: Kubushelelezi (爽滑, shuǎng huá), kumnandi (甘甜蜜味), nokunambitheka kwasemuva kojusi. Ubumnene buncane. Umzimba — ophakathi, ‘onjengosilika’. Ukunambitheka kwasemuva kuhlala isikhathi eside, nokwanda kobumnandi. Izinga eliphakeme lama-amino acid akhululekile (3.1–3.2%) lakha ‘umami’ ocacile — ubumnandi obuthambile, obumbozayo, ‘obunjengomhluzi’, obungavamile kumatiye amaningi abomvu ase-Guangdong. Yilesi sici esenza i-Hèshān Hóngchá ikwazi ‘ukuphuzwa ngokwedlulele’ — ungayiphuza inkomishi ngenkomishi ngaphandle kokuzwa ugcwele. Amadala ase-Shuānghé achaza isimilo setiye elibomvu lendawo ngale ndlela: ‘ingena ngobumnene, incibilika kamnandi, iphuma ihlanzekile’ (入口柔，化口甜，收口淨).
Umbala woketshezi: Obomvu njenge-ruby kuya ogolide-obomvu (紅潤), obala. Emaphethelweni enkomishi — ‘indandatho yegolide’ (金圈) kumaqoqo angcono.
Isisekelo setiye: Amaqabunga alinganayo, anwebekayo, ansundu ngokubomvu. Ukufana — kuyinkomba yokuphathwa ngendlela efanele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ngokwemininingwane yocwaningo lobuqambi ngaphansi kophawu lwendawo (2015):

Amapolifenoli (amapolifenoli etiye): 12.4–15.3% — izinga elilingene, elinikeza ubumnene bokunambitheka.
Ama-thearubigin (茶紅素): 4.1–4.3% — akha umbala obomvu woketshezi.
Ama-theaflavin (茶黃素): 0.2–0.4% — anikeza ‘indandatho yegolide’ nokukhanya.
I-theanine (茶氨酸): 0.779–1.014% — inesibopho sobumnandi nobumnene.
Izinto ezincibilika emanzini (水浸出物): 34.5–39.2% — inkomba ‘yokuminyana’ ‘nomzimba’ woketshezi.
I-caffeine (咖啡鹼): 2.0–2.6% — izinga eliphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, elinikeza ukukhuphuka okuncane.
Ama-amino acid akhululekile (游離氨基酸): 3.1–3.2% — izinga eliphakeme, elakha ‘umami’ nobumnandi.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Ukukhuphuka okuncane: Izinga eliphansi le-caffeine (2.0–2.6%) kuhlanganiswa nezinga eliphezulu le-theanine kunikeza umfutho olinganayo, ‘othambile’ ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-thearubigin nama-theaflavin angama-antioxidant asebenzayo.
Umthelela ofudumezayo: Isimo ‘esifudumele’ ngokwe-TCM; ilungele isikhathi sasekwindla nesasebusika.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ikhuthaza uketshezi lokugaya ukudla ngobumnene, iyasiza ngemva kokudla okunamafutha. Ngesiko kunconywa ngemva kokudla kwase-Guangdong.
Umthelela wokulwa namagciwane: Izinto ze-tannin zicindezela amagciwane ayingozi.
Umthelela wokulwa nokucindezeleka: Izinga eliphezulu le-theanine likhuthaza ukugxila okuzolile.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C.
Inani letiye: 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml (i-gongfu); 3 g ku-200–250 ml (ukumiswa).
Izitsha: I-gaiwan ye-porcelain (i-porcelain emhlophe iveza imininingwane yombala). Izitsha zengilazi — ukujabulela okubonakalayo ‘kwendandatho yegolide’. I-Yixing teapot — ukwenzela ukuphisa nsuku zonke.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Ukuwasha (uma ufisa) — ukutheleka okusheshayo imizuzwana engu-2-3.
4. Ukutheleka kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-10-15.
5. Ukuphindaphinda: ukutheleka okungu-5-7, kwandiswa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5-10.
Qaphela: I-Hèshān Hóngchá inhle futhi ngesakhiwo ‘saseYurophu’: 3 g enkomishini enkulu, imizuzu engu-3-5. Ngokomlando yile ndlela i-Huaqiao eyayiphuzwa ngayo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isiqukathi: Esivalekayo, esingaboni — ithini lensimbi, isikhwama esinocingo lwe-foil.
Izimo: 10–25°C, umswakama ukuya ku-60%, kude namaphunga angaphandle.
Isikhathi: Izinyanga eziyi-12-24 zokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu.
Ifriji ayidingeki uma kuqinisekiswa ukuvaleka.

11. Intengo Nokomgunyathi:

I-Hèshān Hóngchá — itiye elisezingeni eliphakathi lentengo e-Guangdong. Okujwayelekile — 150–500 yuan/500 g; amaqoqo aphakeme (Shuangshi, Ma’ershan, Gulao) — 500–1,500 yuan; amaqoqo okuqoqwa ngesandla — kuze kufike ku-2,000+ yuan.

Indlela yokugwema okomgunyathi:

Imvelaphi: I-Hèshān Hóngchá yangempela ivela emadolobhaneni angama-21 ezindaweni eziyisi-8 zedolobha lase-Heshan, ezibalwe emibhalweni ye-GI. Cela ulwazi ngepulazi.
Isimo: Amaqabunga etiye — azacile, aminyene, alinganayo, anokucwazimula okunamafutha. Amaqabunga amahhashi, axegayo — uphawu lokushintshwa.
Uketshezi: Obomvu njenge-ruby, obala, ‘nendandatho yegolide’. Oludangele noma olukhanyayo — isizathu sokungabaza.
Ukunambitheka: Kubushelelezi, kumnandi, ngaphandle kwamunyu onzima. Ukunambitheka kwasemuva ‘kojusi’ — uphawu lobuqiniso.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

‘Umgwaqo Wetiye’ weminyaka engama-300: Umgwaqo Wetiye (茶行街) e-Hecheng, owasungulwa cishe ngo-1736, wasebenza njengesikhungo esikhulu sokuhweba ngetiye elibomvu lase-Heshan cishe amakhulu amathathu eminyaka. Namuhla wakhiwa kabusha njengendawo yomlando namasiko ngokutshalwa kwezimali okungaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 yuan.
Ama-80% okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwesifundazwe: Ngesikhathi sokuchuma (Ikhulu le-19), itiye elibomvu lase-Heshan lalihlanganisa kuze kube ngama-80% ako konke ukuthunyelwa kwetiye kwe-Guangdong ngaphandle — isilinganiso esingaqhathaniswa nendima ye-Qihong e-Anhui.
Itiye lama-Vietnamese Huaqiao: Ukuhola kwamanje kwedolobhana i-Shuānghé ekulimeni itiye elibomvu kuhlobene ngqo nomphakathi wama-Vietnamese Huaqiao, owafuduselwa ngo-1978 futhi watshala izingadi zetiye ezingama-6,000 mu. Umkhiqizo we-‘Shuangshi’ (雙石) ube yifani lekhwalithi yetiye elibomvu lase-Heshan.
‘Indawo Yetiye Elipholile LaseShayina’: Kwakuse-Heshan lapho ngo-1828 u-Huaqiao u-Wang Zebang (王澤邦) adala khona iresiphi yokuqala ye-‘Wang Laoji’ (王老吉) edumile — i-‘liangcha’ (凉茶) ledume kakhulu laseShayina. Futhi ngo-1821 omunye wase-Heshan — u-Yuan Jixun (源吉蓀) — wadala i-‘Yuan Jilin Ganhecha’ (源吉林甘和茶). I-Heshan — ‘Indawo Yetiye Elipholile LaseShayina’ eyamukelwa ngokusemthethweni (中國涼茶之鄉, kusukela ngo-2013).
Itiye elibomvu esitimesini somhlaba: Kusukela ngo-2022, i-Hèshān Hóngchá ithunyelwa ngaphandle eYurophu ngomzila ‘Jiangmen — Europe’ (中歐班列), ingena emakethe yomhlaba.
Iminyaka engama-700 yesiko: Ukulinywa kwetiye e-Heshan kunomlando oqhubekayo weminyaka engaphezu kwama-700, kusukela enkathini ye-Song–Yuan.

13. Ukuhlaziya Ngokuqhathanisa:

Ipharamitha	I-Hèshān Hóngchá (鶴山紅茶)	Yīngdé Hóngchá (英德紅茶)	Zǐjīn Hóngchá (紫金紅茶)
Isifundazwe / Isifunda	Guangdong / Jiangmen	Guangdong / Qingyuan	Guangdong / Heyuan
Umlando	700+ iminyaka (kusukela e-Song)	Kusukela ngo-1959	700 iminyaka yokulinywa kwetiye, elibomvu — kusukela ngawo-2000
I-cultivar eyinhloko	Yúnnán Dà Yè, Méijiān, ezendawo	Yīngdé Hóngjiǔbǐng (英紅九號)	Jīnxuān (金萱)
Isigaba esincane ‘chancha’	Cha	Cha	Yebo
Isimo se-GI	Yebo (2015)	Yebo (2006)	Yebo
Iphunga eliyinhloko	Uju, imithombo, izithelo ezomisiwe	Ukhokho, imithombo, ukhova	Uju, izithelo ezivuthiwe, i-nutmeg
Isimilo sokunambitheka	Kubushelelezi, kumnandi, ‘onjengosilika’	Kuminyene, ‘kushokoledi’	Kumnandi, kujusi, kulula
Ukuxhumana ne-Huaqiao	Kunamandla (ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kusukela nge-19th c.)	Kuphakathi	Kuphakathi

14. Izinhlobo:

Ngokwesifunda esincane: Shuānghé (雙合) — ‘isikhombandlela esisenyakatho’: sinamandla, sinemithombo, sisekelwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zamacembe amakhulu ase-Yunnan; Gǔláo (古勞) — ‘isikhombandlela esiseningizimu’: sithambile kakhudlwana, sinamanothi ezimbali, sisekelwe ezinhlotsheni zendawo ezinamacembe amancane; Hèchéng Má’ěrshān (馬耳山) — indawo yomlando, eshiwo emithonjeni yekhulu le-18 nele-19; Báishuǐdài (白水帶) — indawo yendabuko eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Hecheng.
Ngokwezinga: Tè Jí (特級), 1st, 2nd — ukuhlukaniswa okujwayelekile.
Ngokwesitayela sokuphathwa: I-gongfu hongcha yakudala — okuyinhloko; ukushiswe ngamalahle (炭焙) — nokujula okwengeziwe; ‘Júpǔ chá’ (菊普茶 / 桔普茶) — itiye elibomvu lase-Heshan elinengezelwe i-chrysanthemum eyomisiwe noma ikhasi le-mandarin — isiko elidumile lase-Guangdong.

15. Izimo Eziphikisayo Nezexwayiso:

I-caffeine enesilinganiso: I-Hèshān Hóngchá inezinga eliphansi le-caffeine (2.0–2.6%), nokho uma uzwela, kunconywa ukunciphisa ukuphuza ntambama.
Ungaphuzi ngesisu esingenalutho: Ama-tannin angadala ukungakhululeki esiswini esingenalutho.
Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa: Kunconywa ukunciphisa kuya ku-2–3 g/ngosuku noma uthintane nodokotela.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hèshān Hóngchá — itiye elinomlando weminyaka engama-700 nesimilo esakhiwe ngamagagasi okufuduka: belihambisana nabantu base-Huaqiao baya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseYurophu, lihlala liyinambitheka lezalo lezigidi. Lithambile, libushelelezi, linobumnandi boju nomzimba ‘onjengosilika’, alizami ukufinyelela amandla e-Dianhong yase-Yunnan noma ubuhle be-Qihong yase-Anhui — esikhundleni salokho linikeza ukufudumala okunethezekile, ‘okwasekhaya’, okwenze lathandwa amakhulu ayisikhombisa eminyaka. Namuhla, lapho i-Hèshān Hóngchá ithunyelwa eYurophu ngojantshi wekhulu lama-21, umjikelezo uyavaleka: itiye elanqoba iNtshonalanga ngemikhumbi kaseyili yekhulu le-19, libuyela esiteji somhlaba — linophawu lwendawo, amazinga ekhwalithi kanye nobumnandi obufanayo obungashintshi, obufudumeza izinhliziyo zezihambi zase-Guangdong emhlabeni wonke.