Hèfēng Chá · new.thetea.app

IHèfēng Chá iyisihlanganisi samagama etiye eliluhlaza avela esifundeni sase-Hèfēng, esifundazweni esizimele sase-Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú, esifundazweni sase-Húběi. Lena enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezikhiqiza itiye enkabeni yeShayina, etholakala enhliziyweni yezintaba zase-Wǔlíng endaweni “egolide yetiye” engu-30°N. Isici esiyinhloko ukunothiswa kwemvelo kweqabunga letiye nge-selenium: okuqukethwe kwaleli micronutrients emitiye yendawo kudlula izilinganiso ezijwayelekile ngokuphindwe amashumi. Ngo-2012, uphawu lwe-”Hèfēng Chá” lwathola isikhundla somkhiqizo oqokomisa indawo ngokomthetho (地理标志产品, Dìlǐ Biāozhì Chǎnpǐn), futhi isifunda sathola isiqu esithi “Ikhaya Letiye laseShayina” (中国茶叶之乡).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingagaywa. Ngokomlando, esifundeni kukhiqizwa namatiye abomvu ohlobo lwe-”Yíhóng” (宜红茶, Yíhóng Chá), kodwa isisekelo sokukhiqiza kwamanje kanye nokuqokomisa indawo kususelwa etiyeni eliluhlaza.
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lesifunda laseShayina; umkhiqizo oqokomisa indawo ngokomthetho kazwelonke; itiye “elaziwayo” lesifundazwe sase-Húběi (湖北十大名茶).
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Húběi (湖北, Húběi), isifunda esizimele sase-Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú (恩施土家族苗族自治州, Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu), isifunda sase-Hèfēng (鹤峰县, Hèfēng Xiàn). Indawo yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa iziphalaphala namakethe angama-9: Tiělú Báizú Xiāng (铁炉白族乡, Tiělú Báizú Xiāng), Zǒumǎ Zhèn (走马镇, Zǒumǎ Zhèn), Wǔlǐ Xiāng (五里乡, Wǔlǐ Xiāng), Yànzi Xiāng (燕子乡, Yànzi Xiāng), Zhōngyíng Xiāng (中营乡, Zhōngyíng Xiāng), Xiàpíng Xiāng (下坪乡, Xiàpíng Xiāng), Wūyáng Xiāng (邬阳乡, Wūyáng Xiāng), Tàipíng Xiāng (太平乡, Tàipíng Xiāng), Róngměi Zhèn (容美镇, Róngměi Zhèn).
Amakhonodinate ngokomhlaba: ~30°N, ~110°E. Ummango wase-Wǔlíng (武陵山, Wǔlíng Shān), eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Húběi.

2. Umlando Nenani Lamasiko:

Umlando: Isiko letiye lase-Hèfēng lingelinye lamadala kakhulu enkabeni yeShayina. Incwadi yasentshonalanga ye-Jìn ethi “Ukuloba Ngomhlaba wase-Jīngzhōu” (《荆州土地记》, Jīngzhōu Tǔdì Jì, Ikhulu lesi-3–5) ikhuluma ngokuthi “ezindaweni eziyisikhombisa zase-Wǔlíng kukhiqizwa itiye yonke indawo.” Encwadini ka-Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) ye-The Kanuni Yetiye (《茶经》, Chájīng) kusukela ngesikhathi se-Táng kuthiwa: “Ezintabeni zase-Bāshān nasezihosheni zase-Xiàchuān kunezihlahla zetiye ezingamunywa ngabantu ababili,” futhi kuyaqhubeka: “Phakathi kwamatiye esifunda sase-Shānnán, awase-Xiázhōu angcono kunawo wonke.” I-Hèfēng itholakala enkabeni yalezi zindawo ezichaziwe — ekujuleni kwezintaba zase-Wǔlíng, phakathi “kwezintaba zase-Bā nezihosha zase-Xiá.”

Ngezikhathi zika-Míng ne-Qīng, itiye lase-Hèfēng laba isipho sasesigodlweni (贡茶, gòngchá) ngaphansi kombuso we-tǔsī wase-Róngměi (容美土司, Róngměi Tǔsī) — uhlelo lokuphatha lwendawo lwabantu bakwa-Tǔjiā. Umbhali u-Gù Cǎi (顾彩, Gù Cǎi), owavakashela izwe lase-Róngměi ngo-1704 (unyaka wama-43 ka-Kāngxī), wabhala encwadini ethi “Amanothi Ohambo e-Róngměi” (《容美纪游》, Róngměi Jìyóu): “Zonke izintaba zikhiqiza itiye… izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zibiza inqwaba yezinhlamvu zemali nge-jīn eyodwa, eziphakathi nendawo zisetshenziswa kabanzi esifundazweni sase-Chǔ futhi zibizwa nangokuthi ‘itiye lase-Xiāngtán’; ngakho abathengisi betiye abanalo usuku olulodwa olungenamsebenzi.”

Ngo-1867, isikhulu sokuqala sesifunda sase-Hèfēng u-Máo Jùndé (毛峻德, Máo Jùndé) wabhala kumagazini wokuqala “Wemibhalo Yesifunda”: “Isipho setiye lase-Róngměi — sima nsuku zonke… uhlobo olunge kakhulu luvela ezihlahleni ezimbalwa ngemuva kwebhilidi likahulumeni; ukunambitheka kwalo kuhlanzekile futhi kunamafutha.” Ngo-1876, abathengisi base-Guǎngdōng baguqula ingxenye yokukhiqiza baya kubuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu, futhi i-Hèfēng yaba esinye sezikhungo ezisemqoka ze-”Yíhóng Chá” (宜红茶) — “itiye elibomvu lase-Yíchāng,” elalithunyelwa e-Russia, e-England nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Izikhulu zaseBrithani zanika itiye lase-Hèfēng igama elingekho emthethweni elithi “itiye lendlovukazi” (皇后茶, Huánghòu Chá).

Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ukukhiqiza kwaguqukela etiyeni eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngo-1995, indawo yezivande zetiye yafinyelela ku-10.5 wàn mǔ, umthamo wokukhiqiza waba amathani angu-4,501. Izimpawu eziningana zendawo — “Guāndǐng” (官鼎), “Qīngxīn Cuìmíng” (清心翠茗), “Lǜlín Cuìfēng” (绿林翠峰) — zathola imiklomelo yegolide emqhudelwaneni we-”Ndebe ka-Lù Yǔ” (陆羽杯), zathatha u-13% wayo yonke imiklomelo yegolide ezweni.

Ngo-31 Julayi 2012, i-General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine yaseChina yagunyaza ukuvikelwa kokuqokomisa indawo kwe-”Hèfēng Chá”. Ngo-2024, indawo yezivande zetiye ifinyelele ku-39.5 wàn mǔ (~26,330 ha), kuzo u-10.9 wàn mǔ (~7,270 ha) unezitifiketi ze-organic — okuyisibalo esikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni. Umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ungowokuqala esifundazweni sase-Húběi; imikhiqizo ithunyelwa e-Morocco, e-Senegal, e-Algeria, e-Iran, e-France nakwamanye amazwe. Inani lomkhiqizo we-”Hèfēng Chá” ngo-2024 lalinganiselwa ku-24.04 billion yuan.
Igama: Hèfēng (鹤峰) — “Ingqophamlando Ye-Khrweyini,” igama elisemthethweni lesifunda. Chá (茶) — “itiye.” Igama liwuphawu lwesifunda oluhlanganisa wonke amatiye akhiqizwa endaweni yesifunda sase-Hèfēng.
Inani lamasiko: I-Hèfēng iyindawo yokusuka “ye-Wànlǐ Chádào” (万里茶道, Wànlǐ Chádào, “Indlela Enkulu Yetiye”), indlela yokuhweba yasendulo eyayihlanganisa izindawo zetiye zenkabeni yeShayina ne-Russia ne-Europe. Isifunda sisebenzela ukufakwa kwefa leNdlela Enkulu Yetiye ohlwini lwe-UNESCO. Abantu bakwa-Tǔjiā (土家族, Tǔjiāzú) balondoloze isiko letiye eliyingqayizivele: umkhuba “Wamatiye Amane” (四道茶, sì dào chá), izingoma zetiye, izisho kanye nezindida mayelana netiye, kanye nesiko elithi “amanzi avela emthonjeni we-Khrweyini, itiye elivela e-Liújiàsī” (白鹤井的水、留驾司的茶).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Engavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Izitshalo eziyinhloko — Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá), Zhūyè Qí (槠叶齐, Zhūyè Qí) kanye nempahla yendawo ehlanganisiwe (本地群体种, běndì qúntǐ zhǒng). Izitshalo ziyizihlahla, zinezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane naphakathi (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), zibekezelela amakhaza kakhulu. Imiqumbe namaqabunga amancane ambozwe kakhulu uboya (茸毛, róngmáo); ubunzima bemiqumbe eyikhulu bungaba ngu-45 g.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo (Mashi–Apreli) kumazinga aphezulu; kuvunyelwe ukuvuna kuze kube sekwindla emakilasini amaningi. Izinga: imiqumbe eyodwa (单芽) ebangeni elikhethekile, umqumbe + iqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶) ebangeni lokuqala, umqumbe + amaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶) ebangeni lesibili.
Izidingo zempahla engavuthiwe: Impahla encane, efanayo, enoboya obuningi, ngaphandle kwamaqabunga amabi neziqu. Akuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa komquba wamakhemikhali noma izibulala-zinambuzane; ukuminyana kokutshala akuvunyelwe ukudlula izihlahla ezingama-60,000 ngehektare ngalinye. Isilinganiso sezivande zetiye ezinezitifiketi ze-organic singama-27.6%, okuyisibalo esikhulu kunawo wonke ezweni.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokulima:

Indawo nesifunda: I-Hèfēng itholakala ekujuleni kwezintaba zase-Wǔlíng eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Húběi, lapho kuhlangana khona amakhonodinate abalulekile — 30°N no-110°E. Indawo ibonakala ngezintaba eziqhubekayo nezigodi ezijulile, ubuningi bamafu kanye nomswakama ophezulu.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: 500–1,000 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Umnyombo wokukhiqiza yi-Mù’ěr Shān (木耳山, Mù’ěr Shān, “Intaba Yesikhunta Sokhuni”) emakethe yase-Zǒumǎ kanye nengadi yetiye yakudala yedolobhana lase-Máwàng (麻旺村, Máwàng Cūn) endaweni yase-Zhōngyíng, lapho kugcinwe khona izihlahla ezineminyaka eyikhulu. Lezi zindawo zenza ~80% yesivuno sonke.
Isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elimaphakathi lingu-12–15.5 °C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1,600–1,900 mm. Inani lezinsuku ezinamafu nenkungu lidlula ezingu-200 ngonyaka. Umehluko wokushisa ubusuku nemini ungaphezu kuka-10 °C. Isilinganiso sokukhanya okusakazekile sithi ~70%, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlelwa kwama-amino acid emahlumela ngama-30%.
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi ophuzi nobukhuni besihlabathi (黄壤, huáng rǎng), i-pH 4.5–6.5, okuqukethwe izinto eziphilayo ≥ 2.9%. Isici esiyinhloko ukunotha ngokwemvelo nge-selenium: okuqukethwe yi-Se emhlabathini we-Hèfēng kudlula isilinganiso sikazwelonke ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-12. Izinga lokuminyana kwezihlahla lilinganiselwa ku-82.7% (88.66% ngenkomba yokuhlaza), ukungcola kwezimboni akukho. Izinsuku ezinomoya ohlanzekile zilinganiselwa kwezingu-350 ngonyaka.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Hèfēng Chá buhlose ukulondoloza kakhulu umbala, ama-amino acid, i-selenium nephunga elimnandi ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wemishini eqabungeni. Isici esiyingqayizivele uhlelo lobunikazi lokushintshanisa izindlela zokomisa “ze-yin-yang” kanye nokwenqatshelwa kokugoqwa ngomshini ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bemiqumbe.

Ukwendlala (摊放 — tānfàng): Impahla entsha iyendlalwa ngendwala encane amahora angu-4 kuya kwangu-8. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama, libe nwebu, bese kuqala ukwakheka kwezinhlanganisela zephunga elimnandi.
Ukumisa uhlaza (杀青 — shāqīng): Kwenziwa ngo-120–170 °C — okuyindlela ethambile kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza, okuvumela ukugcinwa kwephrofayili ethambile ye-amino acid kanye nokusebenza kwe-selenium.
Ukugoqa (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Kwenziwa ngobumnene, kufinyelelwa ezingeni lokubunjwa okungenani elingu-90% (成条率 ≥ 90%). Imishini yokugoqa ayisetshenziswa — ukugoqa kwenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini omncane ukuze kulondolozwe ubuqotho bemiqumbe.
Ukomisa kokuqala (初干 — chūgān): Ku-110–130 °C, ukuqiniswa kwesimo nokususwa komswakama omningi.
Ukubumba nokuveza uboya (整形提毫 — zhěngxíng tí háo): Ku-80–90 °C — isigaba esibalulekile, esivumela ukuqeda ukubunjwa kwamacembe etiye “nokuphakamisa” uboya obusiliva phezu kobuso, okudala isimo esiyingqayizivele se-maojiān yase-Hèfēng.
Ukomisa okokugcina (足干 — zúgān): Ku-60–80 °C, kufinyelelwa umswakama ozinzile.
Ukwengeza iphunga ngokomisa (提香 — tíxiāng): Ku-90–100 °C — ukushiswa okufushane ukuze kuqiniswe futhi kukhuliswe iphunga.
Izici ezikhethekile zobuchwepheshe: Uhlelo oluqavile oluthi “Ukushintshanisa umlilo we-yin-yang” (阴阳火候交替干燥): umphathi wezandla ushintsha amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi kuyo yonke inqubo, efinyelela iphrofayili yephunga ejulile neyizingqimba eziningi. Izinga lokugcinwa kwe-selenium esebenzayo lingu-≥ 95%.

6. Izimpawu Zokunambitha:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amacembe etiye agoqwe ngokuqinile, amancane, aqondile (紧细圆直, jǐnxì yuánzhí) ohlobo “maojiān”. Umbala — uhlaza okhanyayo, unamafutha futhi uyacwebezela, unoboya obusiliva obugqamile (翠绿显毫, cuìlǜ xiǎn háo).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme futhi lisha (清香, qīngxiāng) linomsindo we-okidi (兰花香韵, lánhuā xiāng yùn). Ezinhlotsheni eziyi-”chǎoqīng” (炒青, isitayela esigazingiwe) kuvela iphunga le-castanea (栗香, lìxiāng). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuvela amathoni oju (蜜香, mìxiāng).
Iphunga lomhluzi: Liphezulu, lizinzile, lihlanzekile. Kubusa ukusha okuyimbali nokuluhlaza okunamathoni amancane amantongomane. Iphunga lingahlala kuze kube imihini engu-5–7.
Ukunambitheka: Kuyasha futhi kugqamile (鲜爽, xiān shuǎng) ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (≥ 5% ku-maojiān). Umzimba — uminyene futhi uphelele (醇厚, chúnhòu), ulinganiswe ngokuzwana phakathi kwe-phenolic zetiye nama-amino acid. Ukunambitheka okusemuva — ubumnandi obuphindayo obuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘持久, huígān chíjiǔ). Isithombe esijwayelekile — ukuhlanzeka nokuphila kokunambitheka okungenasibabayo, nokujula kwamaminerali.
Umbala womhluzi: Oluhlaza okothambile, okhanyayo futhi obonisa ngale (嫩绿明亮, nènlǜ míngliàng).
Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Amaqabunga amancane aluhlaza okotshani, alinganayo, afanayo, avuleka njengezimbali ze-okidi (嫩绿匀整，芽叶舒展如兰).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Hèfēng Chá igqama phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina ngenhlanganisela yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium kanye nephrofayili enamandla ye-phenolic.

I-Phenolic (茶多酚): ≥ 18.3% (esitayeleni se-chǎoqīng). Iqembu eliyinhloko yi-catechin, kuhlanganise ne-EGCG. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwaseShayina, i-phenolic zetiye zetiye lase-Hèfēng zibamba izinto ezikhipha imisebe ngokuphumelela okungama-35% ngaphezu kwama-phenolic amatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile.
Ama-amino acid: ≥ 5% ku-maojiān yebanga eliphakeme. Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kunikeza ubumnandi obugqamile nobumnene bokunambitheka.
Okukhishwe emanzini (水浸出物): ≥ 45.2% — inkomba ephakeme kakhulu, enikeza umzimba omkhulu nokumelana nokuphindaphindwa (imihini engu-5–7).
I-Selenium (硒, xī): Kufika ku-39.31 mg/kg — kanti isilinganiso esijwayelekile ematiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile singaba ngu-0.15 mg/kg. Lokhu kudlula ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-260, okwenza i-Hèfēng Chá ibe ngelinye lamatiye acebe kakhulu nge-selenium emhlabeni. I-Selenium ihlanganiswa ne-phenolic zetiye ngendlela ephilayo, okwandisa ukutholakala kwayo emzimbeni.
I-Zinc: 39.31 mg/kg — i-micronutrient ebalulekile emsebenzini wokuzivikela nokuvuselelwa kwezicubu.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (~2–4%), i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amavithamini: Uvithamini C (empahleni entsha engalungisiwe), amavithamini eqembu B, uvithamini K.
Amafutha abalulekile: I-Linalool, i-geraniol nezinye izinhlanganisela ze-terpene, ezakha iphrofayili yembali ne-okidi.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Ukuvikela nge-antioxidant nokwesekwa kwe-selenium: Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yama-phenolic ne-selenium ephilayo inikeza ubudlelwano obunamandla be-antioxidant. I-Selenium iyi-cofactor ye-glutathione peroxidase — enye yama-enzyme abalulekile okuvikela i-antioxidant emzimbeni.
Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-catechin asiza ekulawuleni ukuhlanganiswa kwe-cholesterol nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwaseShayina, umphumela wokwehlisa amafutha wamatiye aluhlaza ase-Hèfēng ungaphezu kwama-25% uma uqhathaniswa namatiye abomvu.
Umphumela wokuvikela emisebeni: Ama-phenolic etiye anekhono lokubopha izinto ezikhipha imisebe (i-strontium-90, i-cesium-137).
Umphumela omncane wokuvuselela: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine nokuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kwakha ukulingana phakathi kokuphaphamisa nokugxila ngaphandle kokukhathazeka.
Ukusekela ukuzivikela: I-Zinc ne-selenium ngendlela etholakala emzimbeni zisekela umsebenzi wohlelo lokuzivikela.
Ukusekela ukugaya: Ukusetshenziswa ngokulinganiselayo ngemuva kokudla kusiza ukugayeka okunethezekile.
Umsebenzi wokuqonda: I-L-theanine isiza ekuthuthukiseni ukugxila nokucaca kombono.
Kubalulekile: Lolu lwazi luhlose ukwazisa nje futhi alusona iseluleko sezokwelapha.

9. Ukuphuza:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90 °C (kumanzi abilayo — vumela aphole ~imizuzu engu-3). Amanzi afanele ngamanzikazi asemthonjeni noma ahlanzekile athambile.
Inani letiye: 3 g kumamililitha angu-150 wamanzi (isilinganiso 1:50).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯) — ukubuka ukuvuleka kwemiqumbe noboya; i-gàiwān yobumba lwe-porcelain (白瓷盖碗) — ukulawula ngokuphelele ukuthululwa.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Ukuthulula kokuqala — imizuzwana engama-90.
4. Ukuthulula okulandelayo — nciphisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-15 isikhathi ngasinye.
5. Itiye limelana nokuthululwa okugcwele okungu-5–7 ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezikhishwayo.
Amanothi: Akunconywa ukuphuza isisu singenalutho (ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-tannin). Isikhathi esihle siyihora ngemuva kokudla. Isilinganiso sansuku zonke akufanele sidlule ku-600 ml. Lapho uphuza imithi — khetha ikhefu okungenani lehora elingu-1 (izinto zokuvundisa zinciphisa ukumunyezwa kwemithi).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakishwa okuvalekile, okungenalutho, ukuvikelwa ekukhanyeni, emswakameni nasephunga.
Okuhle kakhulu — efrijini (0–5 °C) ukugcina i-selenium nokusha.
Ngemuva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa kungakapheli izinyanga ezingu-3, ukuvimbela ukuvuthwa kwe-selenium kanye nokulahleka kwephunga.
Ngaphambi kokuvula iphakheji epholile, vumela ifudumele ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ivaliwe.

11. Intengo Nezinkohliso:

Ibanga lentengo: I-Hèfēng Chá ihlanganisa uhla olubanzi — kusukela kuma-chǎoqīng amaningi kuze kube ngama-maojiān aphambili kanye “netiye lasendle” (野茶, yěchá) elivela emasimini aphezulu alahliwe. Izintengo eziqondile zincike ebangeni, isikhathi sonyaka kanye nokutholakala kwesitifiketi se-organic. I-maojiān ephilayo evela ezingadini ezindala — yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu.
Izinto ezithinta intengo: isikhathi sonyaka (intwasahlobo ibiza kakhulu kunehlobo), ibanga, uhlobo (maojiān, chǎoqīng, yasendle), isitifiketi se-organic, imithamo yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
Indlela yokugwema izinkohliso:
- Thenga itiye elinophawu lokuqokomisa indawo “Hèfēng Chá” (鹤峰茶).
- Hlola ukubukeka: i-maojiān yoqobo — amacembe agoqwe ngokuqinile, aqondile, alinganayo anoboya obugqamile bombala oluhlaza okhanyayo.
- Hlola iphunga: itiye langempela lase-Hèfēng linikeza iphunga elihlanzekile, elisha, eliphakeme ngaphandle kokunuka; ithoni ye-castanea — esitayeleni se-chǎoqīng.
- Umhluzi kufanele ube luhlaza okhanyayo futhi ubonise ngale, imihini engu-5–7 ngaphandle kokuncipha okukhulu kokunambitheka.
- Intengo ephansi ngokungavamile “yetiye eliphilayo” noma “eline-selenium” iyimbangela yokusola.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Hèfēng ingesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni zokulima itiye ngendlela ephilayo: indawo yezivande eziphilayo ezigunyaziwe ingu-10.9 wàn mǔ (~7,270 ha), okuyindawo yokuqala ezweni. Ezinye izingadi zinezitifiketi ezihambisana nezindinganiso ze-EU.
Okuqukethwe kwe-selenium etiyeni lase-Hèfēng — kufika ku-39.31 mg/kg — futhi kukwenza libe ngelinye lamatiye acebe kakhulu nge-selenium emhlabeni. Amatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile aqukethe cishe u-0.15 mg/kg we-Se.
Ngesikhathi se-Qīng itiye lase-Hèfēng lalithunyelwa eGreat Britain futhi emibuthanweni yezikhulu labizwa ngegama elithi “itiye lendlovukazi” (皇后茶). Indlela yokuthumela yayidlula “eNdleleni Enkulu Yetiye” (万里茶道), futhi isifunda sifuna isikhundla “sendaweni yokusuka” yale ndlela.
Entabeni i-Mù’ěr Shān (木耳山) kukhona enye yezivande zetiye eziphilayo eziqhubekayo ezinkulu kakhulu eShayina — izinkulungwane eziyishumi ze-mǔ njengesiqephu esisodwa. Iphakathi kwezingadi zetiye ezinhle kunawo wonke ezingu-30 eShayina.
Abantu bakwa-Tǔjiā balondoloze umkhuba wetiye oyingqayizivele “Wamatiye Amane” (四道茶): inkomishi yokuqala — itiye elimhlophe lokwamukela, eyesibili — itiye elimnandi noju, eyesithathu — “itiye lamafutha” (油茶汤, yóuchá tāng) ne-ayisi elingenalutho namantongomane, elesine — “itiye lokuhlukana” lokuhamba.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Hèfēng Chá:

I-Máojiān eluhlaza (绿毛尖, Lǜ Máojiān): Ibanga eliphezulu — imiqumbe eyodwa noma umqumbe oqhamuka neqabunga elilodwa elivulekile. Amacembe amancane, agoqwe ngokuqinile, ambozwe kakhulu uboya. Ukunambitheka kusha futhi kugqamile, kugxile kubumnandi be-amino acid (okuqukethwe ama-amino acid ≥ 5%). Ilungele abathandi bamatiye aluhlaza athambile, anemvelo.
I-Chǎoqīng (炒青绿茶, Chǎoqīng Lǜchá): Ibanga eliphakathi — umqumbe onamaqabunga amabili. Isitayela esigazingiwe ne-castanea ephuma ngamandla, umzimba ominyene nokumelana kahle nokuphindaphindwa (ama-phenolic ≥ 18.3%). Itiye lansuku zonke elinokulingana okuhle phakathi kokusuthiseka nokufinyeleleka.
Itiye lasendle (野茶, Yěchá): Impahla evela ezihlahleni zetiye ezindala ezilahliwe noma zasendle eziphakeme. Ibonakala ngephunga lezimbali nezithelo, ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium (kuze kufike ku-1.5 mg/kg) kanye nokujula okugqamile kwamaminerali. Ukukhiqizwa okulinganiselwe, inani eliphezulu lokuqoqwa.
Amabanga e-maojiān:
- Ibanga elikhethekile (特级): imiqumbe eyodwa ≥ 98%, ubude ≤ 2.5 cm, umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo onoboya, iphunga elihlanzekile eliphakeme, okukhishwe emanzini ≥ 45.2%.
- Ibanga lokuqala (一级): umqumbe + iqabunga elilodwa ≥ 90%, ukugoqeka okuqinile, ukunambitheka okusha nokuthambile, ama-phenolic ≥ 18.3%.
- Ibanga lesibili (二级): umqumbe + amaqabunga amabili, isisekelo esilinganayo, ukumelana okuhle, inani elifanele.

14. Izimo Eziphikisanayo:

Akunconywa ukuthatha isisu singenalutho — ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-tannin kungabangela ukungaphatheki kahle esiswini.
Isilinganiso sansuku zonke akufanele sidlule ku-600 ml (ngenxa ye-caffeine).
Uma uphuza imithi — gcina ikhefu okungenani lehora elingu-1 (ama-tannic acid anciphisa ukumunywa kwemithi).
Lapho ugcina — sebenzisa iphakheji evuliwe zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-3 ukuvimbela ukuvuthwa kwe-selenium.
Abantu abanokwanda kwemizwa, ukuqwasha, umfutho ophezulu wegazi, kanye nabakhulelwe nabancelisayo — bakusebenzise ngokuqapha.

Ekuphetheni:

IHèfēng Chá yitiyo elinomlando osukela emibhalweni yasentshonalanga ye-Jìn kuze kube yizitifiketi ze-organic zanamuhla, kusukela eziphweni zasesigodlweni zombuso we-Qīng kuya ezikebheni ezithwala iziqukathi emachwebeni ase-Morocco. Ukunotha okungokwemvelo kwe-selenium, i-terroir ephezulu yezintaba zase-Wǔlíng, amasiko aphilayo esiko letiye lama-Tǔjiā kanye nohlelo olukhuthazayo lwentuthuko yemvelo kwenza leli tiye libe yinto engagcini nje ngokudla, kodwa futhi nangokwamasiko. Enkomishini liyavuleka ngokusha okuluhlaza okhanyayo, iphunga le-okidi elihlanzekile kanye nokunambitheka okuphilayo, okunamanzi okungapheli amandla ngemuva kwemihini emihlanu kuya kweyisikhombisa. Kuyisinqumo esihle kulabo abazisayo ukusuthiseka nokusebenza enkomishini eyodwa.