Hànzhōng Xiān Háo · new.thetea.app

I-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo iyitiye eliluhlaza eliyisibonakaliso sesifundazwe sase-Shaanxi, ehlanganisa ngaphansi kohlobo olulodwa lomkhiqizo amagama amaningana omlando: “Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo” (午子仙毫), “Dìngjūn Míngméi” (定军茗眉) kanye ne “Níngqiáng Quèshé” (宁强雀舌). Leli tiye livela emngceleni ohlanganisa iNyakatho neNingizimu yeChina — esigodini esiphakathi kwezintaba zase-Qinling kanye ne-Bashan, okubizwa nge- “Little Jiangnan of the Northwest” (西北小江南) ngenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile. I-latitude ephezulu, ukuphakama okukhulu ngaphezu kolwandle, inkungu evamile, kanye nenhlabathi enothile nge-zinc ne-selenium kwakha isimo sasetiyeni “sasenyakatho” esiyingqayizivele — esinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kunamanye aseningizimu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshelwanga, 绿茶, lǜchá).
Isigaba: Itiye lesifunda elinokuphawulwa kwendawo okuvikelwe (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn). Umkhiqizo oyisambulela ohlanganisa imikhiqizo evela ezinkampanini ezingaphezu kuka-120 zesifunda sase-Hanzhong. Ngo-2020, i-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo yafakwa ohlwini lwesibili lwezinkomba zendawo eziqashelwa ngokuhlanganyela ngaphansi kweSivumelwano se-China-EU (《中欧地理标志协定》). Ingaphansi kwesifunda setiye sase-Jiangbei (江北茶区) — esinye sezifunda ezine eziyinhloko zetiye e-China futhi esisenyakatho kunazo zonke.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Shaanxi (陕西, Shǎnxī), idolobha lase-Hanzhong (汉中市, Hànzhōng shì). Indawo yemvelaphi evikelwe ihlanganisa amadolobhana angu-112 ngaphakathi kwezifunda ezingu-11 kanye nezindawo: Nanzheng (南郑), Xixiang (西乡, indawo eyinhloko yokukhiqiza), Zhenba (镇巴), Chenggu (城固), Yangxian (洋县), Mianxian (勉县), Ningqiang (宁强), Lueyang (略阳) kanye nezinye.
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Cishe 32.5°–33.5° N, 106.0°–108.0° E. Isikhungo sokuphatha sase-Hanzhong siku-33.07° N, 107.03° E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umlando wetiye lase-Hanzhong uneminyaka engaphezu kwezi-3 000. Ngokusho kwemithombo yendawo, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye kulesi sifunda kuqale ngezikhathi ze-Shang-Zhou (商周). Isifunda sase-Xixiang (西乡), manje esiwumgogodla wendawo yetiye, silandisa umlando wetiye kusukela enkathini yezizwe ezilwayo kanye ne-Qin-Han (战国—秦汉): i-”Xixiang County Chronicles” (《西乡县志》) iqopha ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwetiye lapha kwaqala ngenkathi ye-Qin-Han futhi kwachuma nge-Tang-Song. Ngenkathi ye-Ming Dynasty (明代), i-Xixiang yaba enye yezindawo ezibalulekile ohlelweni lukahulumeni lwe- “tiye elishintshaniswa ngamahhashi” (以茶易马, yǐ chá yì mǎ) — uhlelo olukhulu lokuhweba emingceleni lapho itiye elisuka eningizimu ye-Shaanxi lalihanjiswa kubantu bomdabu abayimizulane basemngceleni osentshonalanga ngezikhulu zehhashi letiye (茶马司). Ifomula yomlando ethi “i-Hanzhong ithenga itiye, i-Xihe ishintshanisa ngamahhashi” (汉中买茶、熙河易马) ikhombisa ukubaluleka kwesifunda ngokwamasu.

Esikhathini samanje, i-Hanzhong yabhekana ne- “gagasi lokuvuselela” elejwayelekile ekulimeni itiye kwamaShayina. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ochwepheshe bendawo bakha uchungechunge lwamatiye anamagama: u-Qínbā Wù Háo (秦巴雾毫, 1984), u-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo (午子仙毫, 1984), u-Hàn Shuǐ Yín Suō (汉水银梭), u-Dìngjūn Míngméi (定军茗眉), u-Níngqiáng Quèshé (宁强雀舌) kanye namanye — inani eliphelele lamagama angaphezu kuka-20. Isenzakalo esiwuphawu kwaba ukunqoba kwe-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo emqhudelwaneni kazwelonke wokuhlola amatiye adumile e-Fuzhou ngo-1986: itiye lathola amaphuzu angu-95.72, okudlula umphumela we-Huángshān Máofēng ngamaphuzu angu-0.17 futhi kwehluleka ku-Xīhú Lóngjǐng ngamaphuzu angu-0.4 kuphela. Kwaba okokuqala emlandweni lapho itiye lase-Shaanxi langena ohlwini lwamatiye adumile kazwelonke (全国名茶). Nokho, ubuningi bohlobo lwemikhiqizo lwaludala ukudideka. Ngo-2005, ukuphatha kwase-Hanzhong kwaqala ukuhlanganisa, kwanciphisa inani lohlobo lwemikhiqizo lwaba mithathu, kwathi ngo-2007 wonke amagama ahlanganiswa ngaphansi kohlobo olulodwa lwe- “Hànzhōng Xiān Háo”, okwathi kanyekanye lwathola isimo somkhiqizo onokuphawulwa kwendawo okuvikelwe.

Izinsuku Ezisemqoka:
- 1984 — ukuqala kokuthuthukiswa kwamatiye anamagama e-Shaanxi (Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo, Qínbā Wù Háo njll.).
- 1986 — i-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo yaqashelwa njenge- “Tiye Elidumile Kuzwelonke” nguMnyango Wezohwebo.
- 2005 — ukuqala kokuhlanganiswa kohlobo lwetiye lwase-Hanzhong.
- 2007 — ukugunyazwa kohlobo olulodwa lwe- “Hànzhōng Xiān Háo”; ukunikezwa kwesimo somkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kophawu lwendawo.
- 2013 — indondo yegolide okuwukuphela kwayo esigabeni samatiye aluhlaza embukisweni wama-31 wamazwe ngamazwe wasePanama.
- 2020 — ukufakwa ohlwini lwesibili lweSivumelwano sokuqashelwa ngokuhlanganyela kwezinkomba zendawo se-China-EU; ukunikezwa kwesimo se- “Special Zone for Specialized Agricultural Products in China.”
- 2024 — inani lohlobo lwemikhiqizo lafinyelela ku-RMB 46.87 billion; itiye laklonyeliswa ngomklomelo ophakeme kakhulu we- “Tea King Award” (茶王奖) emncintiswaneni we- “Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯).
- 2025 — inani lohlobo lwemikhiqizo lenyukela ku-RMB 50.98 billion; ukungena ku-Top-100 yemikhiqizo yezolimo enophawu lwendawo e-China.
Igama: I-Hanzhong (汉中, Hànzhōng) yigama lesifunda sedolobha, ngokwezwi nezwi lisho “Phakathi [nomfula] i-Han”: isifunda sisendaweni engenhla yomfula i-Han (汉水). I-Xian (仙, xiān) isho “ongafi, isidalwa sasezulwini, umlingo”. I-Háo (毫, háo) isho “uboya, intotho (eqhumeni letiye)”. Igama eliphelele — “Amadlambi Omlingo Ase-Hanzhong” — likhomba ngokwenkondlo isici esiyinhloko esibonakalayo saleli tiye: amahlumela athambile, ambozwe kakhulu uboya obusiliva. Igama lithatha ifa lendlela eyandulelayo — i-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo (午子仙毫), lapho “Wǔzǐ” kubhekiselwa entabeni i-Wuzishan (午子山) esifundeni sase-Xixiang.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Hanzhong ingesinye sezifunda zetiye zasemandulo eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga yeChina, ngokomlando exhunywe nohlelo lokuhweba ngamahhashi netiye kanye ne-Great Tea Route. Isiko letiye lesifunda lihaywa ezincwadini ezikhethekile zemibhalo: i- “Rhapsody of Han Tea” (《汉茶赋》) kanye ne- “Collection of Han Tea Couplets” (《汉茶楹联集》). Minyaka yonke kubanjwa uMkhosi Wokuvulwa Kwenkathi Yokukhiwa kwe-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo (汉中仙毫开采节) kanye nemincintiswano yetiye yamakhono. Imodeli ye- “tiye + ezokuvakasha” ithuthukiswa ngenkuthalo: kudalwe izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-20 zokubonisa ezokuvakasha zetiye kanye nemizila engu-15 enezihloko, enye yayo — “Dongyu — Zaoyuanhu — Yingtaogou” — ifakwe kurejista kazwelonke yemizila yezokuvakasha. Imboni yetiye ihlinzeka ngemisebenzi kubantu abangaphezu kwesigidi esingu-1; eminyakeni eyi-10 edlule, izakhamuzi eziyizi-600,000 ziphume ebuphofini, kanti ezinye eziyizi-300,000 zazuza ukuphila okuhle okuqhubekayo ngenxa yetiye.

3. Isichazelo Sezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Izinhlobo: Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, ikakhulukazi i-var. sinensis (izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane).
Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Isisekelo samasimu siqukethe ukutshalwa kwezitshalo zendawo (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng) — izitshalo ezahlukahlukene ngokofuzo ezivela ezimbewini, ezivumelana nezimo zomlando zase-Qinling-Bashan. Ama-cultivar afakiwe nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi: u-Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶), u-Lóngjǐng Cháng Yè (龙井长叶 — “Longjing enamacembe amade”), u-Zǐyáng qúntǐzhǒng (紫阳群体种 — isitshalo esisuka esifundeni setiye esingumakhelwane sase-Ziyang). Izitshalo ezitshaliwe eziyinhlanganisela zinikeza iphrofayili yephunga eliyinkimbinkimbi; i-Fuding Dabai inikeza ihlumela elikhulu, elimbozwe kakhulu uboya.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo: kusukela ku- “Qingming” (清明, ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli) kuze kube izinsuku ezingu-10 ngemuva kwe- “Guyu” (谷雨, ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli). Ezingxenyeni eziphakeme kakhulu — ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (明前茶, itiye langaphambi kwe-Qingming). Itiye lasehlobo nelasekwindla nalo liyakhiqizwa (ikakhulukazi izigaba ezinkulu kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe), kodwa ukuhlonishwa kohlobo lwemikhiqizo kwakhiwa wukuvuna kwentwasahlobo.
Izinga lokuvuna: Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu (特级) — amahlumela ayedwa (单芽, dānyá) noma ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elomile cishe kungamahlumela angu-62,000 ngekhilogremu ngalinye. Izinga lokuqala — ihlumela elinamaqabunga amabili.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amahlumela kumele abe mahle, ethambile, alinganayo, angenakho ukulimala kwemishini noma izimpawu zezinambuzane. Ukulethwa kusuka ensimini kuya efemini — ngesikhathi esincane ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokufakwa kwe-oxygen okuzenzakalelayo.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Ukuma komhlaba kanye nesimo sendawo: I-Hanzhong itholakala esigodini esiphakathi kwezintaba zezintaba ze-Qinling (秦岭, Qínlǐng) enyakatho kanye ne-Bashan (巴山, Bā Shān) eningizimu. I-Qinling iwumkhawulo wesimo sezulu obaluleke kakhulu e-China, ohlukanisa iningizimu eshisayo nenyakatho epholile. Ngenxa yomgoqo wezintaba, lesi sigodi sivikelekile ezingxenyeni ezibandayo zomoya wasenyakatho, okudala isimo sezulu esincane esipholile ngokungajwayelekile kule latitude. Amasimu etiye ahlala emithambekeni yezintaba namagquma, embozwe ihlathi eliminyene. Ingqikithi yendawo yezingadi zetiye esifundeni ingaphezu kwe-1.32 million mu (cishe amahektha angu-88,000).
Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: 600–1600 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Amasimu amakhulu — ekuphakameni okungu-800–1200 m.
Isimo sezulu: Ukuguquka phakathi kwesimo sezulu esishisayo sasenyakatho kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele esipholile, ngesimo sezulu esigqamile semvula. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — 14.7 °C. Imvula yonyaka — 1000–1500 mm. Ukufiphala okukhulu (amathuba amaningi enkungu): ukwakheka kwezintaba kudala inkungu evamile ekuseni nakusihlwa, ehlakaza ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Lesi yisimo esiyisisekelo sokwakheka kwephrofayili yephunga “elisezintabeni eziphakeme”. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku uyasiza ekuqongeleleni izinto ezinuka kamnandi kanye nama-amino acid. Isikhathi eside sokukhula (生长周期长, ōshēng zhǎngqí zhǎng) — isici esivelele sezindawo zetiye ezisenyakatho: iqabunga likhula kancane kunaseningizimu, kodwa liqongelela izinto eziningi ezikhishwayo.
Inhlabathi: Ngokuyinhloko inhlabathi yezintaba ephuzi noma ephuzi ngokunsundu (黄壤, 黄棕壤), enomphumela we-acidic, enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Inhlabathi yesifunda iqukethe ukugxilisa okuphezulu kwe-zinc ne-selenium — njengakusifunda setiye esidumile esingumakhelwane sase-Ziyang (紫阳).
Ubucwepheshe bezolimo: Imodeli yemvelo: ukuvikelwa kwezilokazane ngezinto eziphilayo nezomzimba, ukwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane eyenziwe ngezindawo eziqinisekisiwe. Inani lezindawo eziphethwe ngabomthetho linezitifiketi ezisezingeni lika-AA lemicimbi eco-friendly (绿色AA级). Imodeli “izingadi zetiye njengezindawo ezinhle” (茶园景区化) ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezolimo nobuhle bendawo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe be- “ukugazinga + ukomisa ngomoya oshisayo” (烘炒结合, hōng chǎo jiéhé), okuyenza yehluke ematiyeni aluhlaza agazingwe kuphela (炒青) noma omiswe kuphela (烘青). Abanye abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukufuthwa ngesitimu (蒸汽杀青) esikhundleni sokugazinga okujwayelekile, okungeza ubusha obengeziwe. Ifomula evamile: izigaba eziyisikhombisa — kusukela eqabungeni elisha kuya etiyeni eliphelele.

Ukunaba / ukubunisa (摊放 — tānfàng): Amahlumela asanda kuvunwa anabeka ngokwentengekazi endaweni enomoya. Isikhathi — amahora angu-3–5 (ngokusho kweminye imithombo — kufinyelela emahoreni angu-35 ezintweni ezithambile ngokukhethekile, okuyinto engavamile ukuthatha isikhathi eside etiyeni eliluhlaza futhi kukhombisa ukubunisa okulula okulawulwayo, okukhulisa amanothi ezimbali). Inhloso — ukulinganisa umswakama, ukuqala kokwakheka kwephunga.
Ukulungiswa / “ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Kwenziwa ngokugazinga epanini noma ebhodweni (锅炒杀青) noma, kwabanye abakhiqizi, ngokufuthwa ngesitimu (蒸汽杀青). Ukugazinga ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kwenza ama-enzyme angasebenzi, kulondoloze isimo esiluhlaza seqabunga futhi kwakhe isisekelo sephunga le-castnut. Ukufuthwa ngesitimu kunikeza ithoni entsha, “eluhlaza” kakhudlwana.
Ukungenisa umoya kanye nokusonga (清风揉捻 — qīngfēng róuniǎn): Ngemva kokulungiswa, iqabunga lipholiswa kafushane emoyeni (“清风” — “ukungenisa umoya”), bese lisongwa ngobumnene ukuze kuvele umsoco.
Ukubumba / ukuqondisa (理条/做形 — lǐtiáo/zuòxíng): Isigaba esibalulekile, esakha umumo oyisici oyi- “microflat” (微扁, wēibiǎn) omise okwezimbali ze-orchid (形似兰花). Iqabunga licindezelwa futhi liqondiswe ngesandla noma ngomshini wokubumba, lithole ukubukeka okuhle, okucindezelwe kancane kodwa okungesona isicaba (njenge-Longjing).
Ukuphakamisa uboya (提毫 — tíháo): Isigaba esikhethekile, esiyisici samatiye esigaba se- “hao” (毫): ukuphathwa ngobumnene lapho uboya obusiliva emahlumeleni “buphakanyiswa” futhi buvele, bunikeza iqabunga elomile unqimba olumhlophe oluphawulekayo.
Ukomisa / ukushisisa (烘干 — hōnggān): Umoya oshisayo wehlisa umswakama ufinyelele ezingeni elizinzile (≤7 %), ulungisa iphunga futhi uqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside. Yikho kuhlangana kwezigaba zokugazinga nokomisa (烘炒结合) okwakha iphrofayili yophawu lwe-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo: ukujula kwe-castnut okuvela ekugazingeni kanye nokuhlanzeka kwezimbali okuvela ekomisweni.
Ukuhlunga nokukhetha (精选 — jīngxuǎn): Ukususwa kwezingcezu eziphukile, iziqu, kanye namatiye amnyama. Ukulinganisa iqembu ngosayizi nombala.

6. Izimpawu Zomnkantsho:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amahlumela amancane acishe abe isicaba (微扁), amahle, aqondile noma agoswe kancane, afana namacembe e-orchid noma amashiya amancane (秀如眉). Umbala uluhlaza okhanyayo, omusha (嫩绿), unombala omningi womoya wesiliva (翠绿显毫). Amahlumela alinganayo ngosayizi, anehlumela elibonakalayo.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme — linamanothi e-castnut (栗香) kanye nezimbali-utshani. Iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside, akulona “elemanzi”, alinabumnandi obubukhali botshani.
Iphunga lokungena: Eliphakeme, elicijile neliqhubekayo (香高锐持久). Amanothi e-castnut nalawo agazingiwe yiwona agqamile, anezithasiselo zezimbali (kwezinye izingxenye — anamathoni ebhontshisi alula). Iphunga lilondolozwa ekuchithekeni okungu-3–4.
Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuswebile nokugcwele (鲜爽回甘). Umzimba ushinyene kakhulu kunamanye amatiye aluhlaza avela eningizimu anobumnene obufanayo bezinto zokusetshenziswa — kubonisa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezikhishwayo (>46%). Ubumnandi obuncane buphenduka ngokushesha bube ubumnandi obubuyayo obucacile (回甘). Okugqamile “ukuba mnandi okunomsoco” (鲜) kanye “nokuphelela” (醇厚), okubangelwa ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid.
Umbala woncibilikisi: Uluhlaza okhanyayo, ogqamile futhi ocacile (嫩绿清澈鲜明), kwesinye isikhathi onomthunzi ophuzi. Uboya obumhlophe obuntanta onkantshini kudala umphumela we- “pearl turbidity” (毫浑) — lokhu kuyisibonakaliso sezinga, hhayi isici esingalungile.
Iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe (iqabunga eligayiwe): Eliqhamukayo, eliluhlaza okhanyayo, eliphilayo nelibuyayo (匀齐鲜活、嫩绿明亮). Amahlumela avuleka ngokuphelele, akhombise ukuphelela kwehlumela neqabunga, ngokuvamile akha “ama-rosette” amahle (成朵).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Polyphenols (茶多酚): Cishe 32–40% (idatha iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezinkampani: nge-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo — ~33%, idatha emaphakathi yohlobo lwemikhiqizo — ifinyelela ku-40%). Ama-catechin amakhulu — i-EGCG, i-EGC, i-ECG.
Ama-amino acid: 3.5–5.23% — okuphakeme kakhulu kunamanye amaningi amatiye aluhlaza aseNingizimu yeChina. Ngokusho kwe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (中国农科院茶叶研究所), ukuqukethwe kwama-amino acid kwi-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo kudlula amazinga we-Longjing “extra” ngo-0.08% kanye ne-Longjing “special first grade” ngo-1.19%. I-L-theanine igcwele, inikeza ubumnandi obufana ne-umami kanye nokuphumula okuthambile.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — 4.43–4.5%. I-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
Izinto ezikhishwayo ezincibilika emanzini (水浸出物): ≥44.57% (ngokusho kweminye imininingwane — ≥46%), okukhombisa ukugcwala okuphezulu kanye “nokukwazi ukugaywa kabusha” okuhle.
Izinto ezincane eziyimfihlo: I-Zinc (Zn) — 53.5–67.5 mg/kg. I-Selenium (Se) — 0.858 mg/kg. Zombili lezi zinto zingena eqabungeni ngokwemvelo ezivela enhlabathini.
Amavithamini: Ivithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B, ivithamini E.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-manganese, i-fluorine.
Izingxube eziphunga ngokuguquguquka: Ucwaningo olusebenzisa i-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) luhlonze izinto eziphunga ngokuguquguquka ezingama-61 kwi-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo ezivela ezindaweni ezinhlanu zokukhiqiza: ama-aldehyde angu-30, ama-ketone angu-12, ama-ester angu-7, ama-alcohol angu-6, ama-furan angu-4, kanye nama-asidi angu-2. Iphrofayili yezinto eziguquguqukayo ivumela ukuhlukanisa ngokwethembeka amatiye ezindawo ezahlukene.

8. Izakhiwo Ezilusizo:

Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (EGCG) kunikeza ukuqedwa okunamandla kwama-radical akhululekile. Ama-flavonoid ngokungeziwe anciphisa ukulimala kwe-oxidative kumaseli.
Ukunika amandla okuthambile kanye nokusekelwa kwengqondo: Ibhalansi ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza ubungqabavu obuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokwenyuka okukhulu kwesasasa. I-Theanine inesandla ekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxila futhi inciphise ukukhathazeka.
Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-flavonoid anesandla ekugcineni ukwendlaleka kodonga lwemithambo. Ama-catechin asiza ekulungiseni iphrofayili ye-lipid yegazi.
Impilo yomlomo: Ukuqukethwe kwe-fluorine nama-catechin kucindezela ukukhula kwamagciwane abanga ukubola kwamazinyo futhi kunciphisa ukunuka okubi okusuka emlonyeni.
Ukusekela ukugayeka kokudla: Ama-polyphenol akhuthaza ukuhamba kwamathumbu kanye nokukhishwa kwejusi lokugaya ukudla. Ama-catechin anomsebenzi wokulwa namagciwane, owusizo ekuphazamisekeni okusebenzayo komgudu wokugaya ukudla.
Ukuvikelwa kwesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant anciphisa ukuguga okubangelwa ukukhanya; i-zinc ibamba iqhaza ekulungiseni izicubu zesikhumba.
Ukusekela amasotsha omzimba: I-Zinc ne-selenium ezingena netiye zingama-cofactor ama-enzyme abalulekile omzimba.
Isaziso esibalulekile: Kubantu abazwela kakhulu ku-caffeine, abanezifo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla ezisezigabeni ezinzima, kanye nabesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisa, kunconywa ukusetshenziswa ngokulinganisela nokubonisana nochwepheshe.

9. Ukugaywa:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 85–90 °C. Ezingxenyeni ezithambile kakhulu (单芽, 明前茶) kuvunyelwe ukwehlisa kube ngu-80 °C; eqabungeni elivuthiwe kakhulu — kufinyelela ku-90 °C.
Inani letiye: 3–4 g ku-150–200 ml (indlela yengilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi ende eqondile (直筒玻璃杯) — ivumela ukubuka “umdanso” wamahlumela avulekayo, akhuphukela phezulu njengesihlahla se-bamboo esincane. I-gaiwan yobumba emincane enezindonga eziphansi (薄胎盖碗) — yokulawulwa okuhle kakhulu kwe-extraction kanye nokuvuleka okuphelele kwephunga.
Inqubo:
1. Ifudumeze ingilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi abilayo, uyisize.
2. Thela itiye (indlela “yokuthela phansi” — 下投法, xiàtóu fǎ: okokuqala itiye, bese kuba amanzi).
3. Thela amanzi anezinga lokushisa elifanele kuze kube yingxenye engu-1/3 yomthamo, linda imizuzwana engu-10–15, uvumele iqabunga “livuke”.
4. Thela amanzi kuze kube yingxenye engu-4/5 yomthamo.
5. Ukuchitheka kokuqala: gxilisa imizuzwana engu-10, khiphela ku-chahai noma uphuze engilazini.
6. Ukuchitheka okulandelayo: imizuzwana engu-10 umkhiphe ngamunye, wengeze imizuzwana engu-5–10 ngakunye. Isamba — ukuchitheka okuphelele okungu-3–4.
7. Lapho ugxilisa engilazini: imizuzu engu-1–2 ekuchithekeni kokuqala; ukuchitheka okungu-2–3 kuvunyelwe.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu — 0–5 °C (efrijini). Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi — hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-10 °C, endaweni emnyama eyomile.
Iziqukathi: Izikhwama ezingangeni moya (i-aluminium + i-polyethylene), amathini angama-zinc anesivalo esiqinile. Ukupakishwa kwangaphakathi kufanele kungabonakali.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, iphunga elingaziwa, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya-mpilo. Uma ukuvaleka kuphazamiseka efrijini, itiye limunca iphunga elingaziwa futhi libe manzi.
Isikhathi sokunambitheka kahle: Izinyanga ezingu-6–12 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqiza. Itiye lasentwasahlobo linconywa ukuthi liphuzwe ngaphambi kwesizini elandelayo. Itiye eliluhlaza alenzelwe ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside.

11. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa:

Isigaba sentengo: Ububanzi obubanzi. Itiye lasentwasahlobo lezinga eliphakeme kakhulu (明前特级, amahlumela ayedwa) — isigaba esiphezulu. Izinga lokuqala nelesibili, kanye nokuvunwa kwasehlobo nasekwindla — itiye elincane lansuku zonke. Inani lohlobo lwemikhiqizo le- “Hànzhōng Xiān Háo” ngo-2025 — RMB 50.98 billion, okubeka phakathi kwamabhizinisi angamashumi amabili ahamba phambili etiye e-China. Noma kunjalo, izintengo zokudayisa zihlala zikhuphisana ngokufana namanye aseZhejiang noma e-Anhui.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
- Thenga ezinkampanini ezinelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu olukhethekile lwenkomba yendawo (地理标志专用标志) — njengamanje izinkampani ezinjalo zingaphezu kuka-120. Emaphaketheni kumele kube khona i-logo ye-GI kanye nekhodi ye-QR yokulandelela.
- Hlola ukubukeka: itiye langempela libonakala ngomumo omncane ocishe ube isicaba, ukulingana, umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo noboya obusiliva obuningi. Okomgunyathi kuvame ukuba nokusonteka okumahhadlahhadla, umbala ofiphele, nokungabikho koboya.
- Hlola iphunga: i-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo yangempela inephunga le-castnut nezimbali eliphakeme, elihlanzekile, neliqhubekayo. Amatiye anephunga lokufakelwa noma amadala anikeza iphunga elisicaba, elinyamalala ngokushesha.
- Hlola ukungena: okucacile, okuluhlaza okhanyayo, okugqamile. Ukungena okufiphele, okufiphele, noma okuphuzi ngokusobala kuyisibonakaliso sezinto ezingezona ezisezingeni noma ezindala.
- Hlola intengo: intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo ye- “extra-grade” cishe ikhombisa ukushintshwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela ngaphandle kwendawo evikelwe yemvelaphi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ngo-1986, emqhudelwaneni kazwelonke wokuhlola amatiye adumile, i-Wǔzǐ Xiān Háo yathola amaphuzu angu-95.72 — ngaphezu kwe-Huángshān Máofēng (95.55), futhi ngamaphuzu angu-0.4 kuphela ngaphansi kwe-Xīhú Lóngjǐng. Lokhu kwabeka unomphela ilungelo letiye lase-Shaanxi lokubizwa ngetiye elidumile kazwelonke futhi kwaqeda inkathi lapho isifundazwe sasingenakho ukumelwa kuleli thimba eliphakeme le- “tiyeni”.
Igama elithi “仙毫” (Xiān Háo) — “Amadlambi Omlingo” — lihlotshaniswa nenganekwane yentombazane engu-Wǔ Zǐ (午子姑娘), eyazalwa phakathi kwamabili (午夜子时) futhi yatshala itiye esiqongweni sentaba i-Wuzishan esifundeni sase-Xixiang. Wayepha abahambi itiye elaligaywe ngamanzi omthombo avela emhumeni owawufana nentamo kadrako — futhi wonke umuntu owayephuza leli tiye wayezizwa evuselelwe.
I-Hanzhong “iwumngcele osenyakatho” wokulinywa kwetiye okukhulu e-China. Isifunda sitholakala ku-33° N — enyakatho kakhulu kunezifundazwe zetiye zendabuko (i-Zhejiang, i-Fujian, i-Yunnan). Umgoqo wezintaba wase-Qinling udala “isikhwama” sesimo sezulu esincane, lapho imvelo eshisayo ikhona ku-latitude lapho ngokuvamile kuqala khona indawo epholile.
E-Hanzhong, kukhulisiwe umkhiqizo oyingqayizivele othi “Hànzhōng Mì Huáng” (汉中蜜黄) — itiye eliphuzi, eligcwalise isikhala ebangeni letiye lase-Shaanxi. Ukudalwa kwalo kwaba umphumela wokusebenzisana ne-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences kanye ne-Northwest A&F University.
Kukhilogremu elilodwa lomile le-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo yezinga eliphakeme kakhulu, kutholakala amahlumela angaba ngu-62,000 — ngalinye lavunwa ngesandla.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

I-Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井): Itiye eliyisibonelo eliyisicaba eliluhlaza laseZhejiang. I-Longjing iyisicaba ngokuphelele, inephunga elimisiwe “lebhontshisi-nesifuba” kanye nokushelela okunamafutha. I-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo icishe ibe isicaba (ayisicaba njenge-Longjing), inoboya obuningi kanye nephunga “eliphezulu”, lezimbali nesifuba. Ngokuqukethwe kwama-amino acid, i-Hanzhong ingase idlule i-Longjing.
I-Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰): Itiye eliluhlaza elinoboya obuningi lase-Anhui. Womabili amatiye ambozwe uboya obuningi, kodwa i-Huángshān Máofēng inomumo osontiweyo, ubumnandi bezimbali obugqamile kanye nephunga “lenkungu-orchid”. I-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo inokunambitheka okushubile, inethoni yekhasimende evelele kakhulu futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezikhishwayo.
I-Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖): Itiye elidumile elinoboya laseHenan, elinye itiye eliluhlaza “lasenyakatho”. I-Xinyang Maojian isontiwe, inephrofayili emnene, efana ne- “lily-of-the-valley” kanye nomzimba obucayi. I-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo icishe ibe isicaba, igcwele kakhulu futhi inothile, inethoni ejulile yekhasimende.
I-Ānjí Bái Chá (安吉白茶): Itiye eliluhlaza elinokuqukethwe okuphawulekayo kwama-amino acid (kufinyelela ku-6–8%) laseZhejiang. Womabili amatiye ahlonishwa “ngomsoco” wama-amino acid, kodwa i-Anji imnene kakhulu, imnene kakhudlwana futhi idlula masinyane, kanti i-Hanzhong ishinyene, ihlelekile futhi imelana nokuchitheka.
I-Fènggāng Xīn Xī Chá (凤冈锌硒茶): Itiye eliluhlaza lase-Guizhou, elinothiswe nge-zinc ne-selenium. Womabili amatiye abhekisela engxenyeni “esebenzayo”, kodwa i-Fenggang ikhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningana (isicaba, isontiwe, i-granular), kanti i-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo inomumo owodwa omncane ocishe ube isicaba we- “orchid”. Ngokwephrofayili yokunambitheka, i-Hanzhong “isenyakatho” kakhudlwana: inoshubile, inethoni ejulile yekhasimende.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo ingenye yezizathu eziqinile ezisekela itiye eliluhlaza “lasenyakatho”. Lapho i-Qinling ivimba imimoya ebandayo, kanti i-Bashan iqoqa amafu, kuvela itiye, elinikezwe isikhathi eside sokukhula ukugxilisa, kanti umoya wasezintabeni — ukuhlanzeka. Umumo walo omncane ocishe ube isicaba we- “orchid”, uboya obusiliva obuminyene, iphunga le-castnut eliphakeme, kanye nokunambitheka okugcwele nobumnandi obubuyayo obucacile — konke lokhu kwenza i-Hànzhōng Xiān Háo ibe itiye elinobuntu: elingamemezi, kodwa eliqinisekisayo. Ilungele labo abafuna etiyeni eliluhlaza hhayi ubusha kuphela, kodwa nobujulile — umzimba “oshisayo” onomphefumulo “waseNyakatho”.