Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá

Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá (海马宫茶, Hǎimǎ gōng chá) — iwukuphela kwetiyi ephuzi evela esifundazweni sase-Guizhou futhi ingomunye wabameleli abangaziwa kakhulu bomkhakha wayo eChina. Le tiyi — ‘ngumhlali ohlala yedwa phakathi kwabahlali bodwa’: ngisho nasemkhakheni wetiyi ephuzi, okuwumkhakha ongavamile kakhulu ngokwawo, i-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá injengomuntu ohlala eceleni — ilahlekile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1500 ezintabeni emkhawulweni we-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, kude nemizila yokuqala yetiyi, edolobhaneni elinabantu abangamakhulu ambalwa. Umlando wayo uxhumene no-Shē Xiāng (奢香夫人) oyinganekwane — umbusi wabantu bakwa-Yi (彝族, Yízú), okuthiwa, ngokwesiko, wanikela ngaleli tiyi kumsunguli wobukhosi bakwa-Ming, kanye nesikhulu esiyindida u-Jiǎn Guìcháo (简贵朝), esaletha imbewu yetiyi evela e-Shāndōng ekude. Ubuchwepheshe obunokusontwa kathathu nokwakhiwa ‘kwe-wò duī’ (渥堆, ukuthobisa okumanzi enqwabeni) yansuku zonke kwakha iphrofayili ewuphawu: ukunambitheka okuqinile, okuyindilinga, okumnandi okufana noju nephunga lezimbali nezithelo, elihlala enkomishini engenalutho imizuzu engaphezu kwehora.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiyi ephuzi (黄茶, huángchá), evutshelwe kancane. Ingaphansi kwesigaba esincane ‘itiyi ephuzi encane’ (黄小茶, huáng xiǎo chá).
• Umkhakha: Itiyi yesifunda yomlando yase-Guizhou. Itiyi yangaphambili yasenkantolo yenkathi ye-Qing. Umkhiqizo onesivikelo sendawo (2014).
• Imvelaphi: China, isifundazwe sase-Guizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), idolobha i-Bijie (毕节, Bìjié), isifunda i-Dafang (大方县, Dàfāng Xiàn), ilokishi i-Zhúyuán Yízú Miáozú Xiāng (竹园彝族苗族乡), idolobhana i-Hǎimǎ Gōng Cūn (海马宫村). Idolobhana litholakala phansi kwedwala i-Lǎoyīng Yán (老鹰岩, ‘Idwala Lokhozi’), lizungezwe ihlathi lokuqala.
• Izixhumanisi Zendawo: Cishe ububanzi obungu-27° enyakatho, ubude obungu-105° empumalanga.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

  • Ming (明, 1368–1644) — isiqalo esiyinganekwane: Ngokwesiko lomlomo, itiyi evela entabeni i-Hǎimǎ Gōng yayaziwa ngesikhathi sika-Ming. Inganekwane iyihlobanisa no-Shē Xiāng fūrén (奢香夫人, ~1358–1396) — umbusi odumile wabantu bakwa-Yi (彝族, Yízú) esifundeni sase-Guizhou. UShē Xiāng, owayeyilungu lezombusazwe elinekhono nomakhi, ngokwesiko, wanikela ngetiyi yase-Hǎimǎ Gōng ku-Emperor u-Zhū Yuánzhāng (朱元璋), umsunguli wobukhosi bakwa-Ming. Umbusi wayazisa umnikelo, futhi ukubonga kwabonakala ngokusekelwa kokwakhiwa ‘kwemizila yeposi yase-Qianzhong’ (黔中驿道), eyayixhuma i-Guizhou neChina emaphakathi. Le nganekwane, nakuba ingenasisekelo esiqinile semibhalo, igxile emlandweni wendawo futhi ifanekisela indima yetiyi ebudlelwaneni phakathi kombuso ophakathi nezizwe eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga.
  • Qing (清), ukubusa kuka-Qiánlóng (~1736–1795) — ukwakhiwa nesikhundla setiyi yenkantolo: Umlando obhalwe phansi uqala ngo-Jiǎn Guìcháo (简贵朝), owazalelwa e-Guizhou, owayesebenza njengomphathi wesifunda (知县, zhīxiàn) e-Wéndēng (文登县, isifundazwe sase-Shandong). U-Jiǎn Guìcháo, owayethanda amasiko etiyi ngesikhathi ephakela empumalanga, waletha imbewu yetiyi ezweni lakubo lapho ebuyela e-Hǎimǎ Gōng emngcwabeni kayise. Watshala imbewu, wasungula ukucubungula, futhi wakha itiyi ayibiza ngokuthi ‘Zhúyèqīng’ (竹叶青, ‘Ukuhlaza Kweqabunga Lomsinga’) — ngenxa yombala wokungeniswa okwakufana nomdumba osemusha. Itiyi yethulwa kumbusi wesifunda sase-Dading (大定府, i-Dafang yanamuhla), yathola ukunconywa okuphezulu, futhi ngokulandelana kweminikelo yezikhulu yafinyelela enkantolo yombusi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho yaba umnikelo waminyaka yonke wenkantolo (岁岁作为贡品).
  • 1925 — ubufakazi obubhaliwe: ‘I-Dading County Record’ (《大定县志》) yabhala: “Phakathi kwetiyi, engcono kunazo zonke itholakala e-Hǎimǎ Gōng, i-Guǒwǎ ingeyesibili; ekwenziweni kokuqala ukunambitheka kusemuncu, kodwa ngemva kokuphindwe kabili noma kathathu kuya kuba nephunga elimnandi, ngenxa yalokho abakude nabaseduze bayaphuthuma ukuyithenga, bengaphezi ukuyincoma” (茶叶之佳以海马宫为最，果瓦次之，初泡时其味尚涩，迨泡经两三次其味转香，故远近争购啧啧不置).
  • Ikhulu le-XX–XXI: Ngokungafani namanye amatiyi aphuzi omlando, i-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ayizange ihlangabezane nokunyamalala okuphelele, nakuba umthamo wokukhiqiza wawusalokhu umncane kakhulu. Itiyi yaqhubeka nokukhiqizwa edolobhaneni lase-Hǎimǎ Gōng njengomkhiqizo wendawo. Ngo-2014, yathola isitifiketi sezwe lesivikelo sendawo, okwaba nomfutho ekunwetshweni kokukhiqiza. Nokho, i-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá isalokhu ingenye yetiyi eziphuzi ezingaziwa kakhulu e-China — ‘umhlali oyedwa wetiyi’ (茶中隐士), njengoba ababhali baseShayina bembiza kanjalo.

• Igama:

  • ‘Hǎimǎ Gōng’ (海马宫) — igama ledolobhana lapho itiyi ikhiqizwa khona. Ngokwezwi nezwi: ‘Igumbi Lomkhomo Wasolwandle’. Imvelaphi yaleli gama lendawo ayicaci futhi cishe ihlobene nokuma kwezwe noma izinganekwane zabantu bakwa-Yi nabama-Miao.
  • ‘Chá’ (茶) — ‘itiyi’.
  • Igama lomlando: ‘Zhúyèqīng’ (竹叶青, ‘Ukuhlaza Kweqabunga Lomsinga’) — ngenxa yombala wokungeniswa. Leli gama alisasetshenziswa futhi alihlobene negama elifanayo letiyi eluhlaza lase-Sichuan.

• Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá — itiyi yezizwe ezincane zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-China. Idolobhana lase-Hǎimǎ Gōng lihlala ikakhulukazi izakhamuzi zesizwe sakwa-Yi (彝族) nesakwa-Miao (苗族). Ngolimi lwama-Miao, isihlahla setiyi sibizwa ngokuthi ‘dòu jí’ (斗吉). Itiyi iyingxenye yamasiko nsuku zonke yalezi zizwe: ikhona emikhosini, emishadweni, emingcwabeni, nasekwamukeleni izivakashi. I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ingenye yetiyi eziphuzi ezimbalwa ezingenalo isiko lama-Han kodwa ezinezinye izizwe, okwenza ibaluleke kakhulu kumongo wamabalazwe etiyi ahlukahlukene ase-China.

3. Ukuchazwa Kwezitshalo Nokungakapheki:

• Izinhlobo: Inani labantu bendawo abanamacembe aphakathi nendawo futhi amancane (本地中小群体种, běndì zhōng xiǎo qúntǐ zhǒng). Ngolimi lwama-Miao — ‘dòu jí’. Izici eziphawulekayo: ubuntu obuningi obunoboya obuthambile (茸毛多), ‘uqine lwezithambile’ oluphezulu (持嫩性强, chí nèn xìng qiáng) — ikhono lokugcina ukuthamba lapho kuvunwa ngokulibala uma kuqhathaniswa. Umbala omnyama oluhlaza wamacembe. Ijwayelane kahle nezimo zezindawo eziphakeme.
• Ukuvuna: Isikhathi sonyaka — isikhathi sika-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, ‘Izimvula Zokusanhlamvu’, ~20 April) nangaphambili. Lokhu kulibala kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namatiyi aphuzi amaningi asempumalanga ye-China (avunwa ngaphambi kuka-Qīngmíng noma ngaphambi kuka-Gǔyǔ), okuchazwa ukuphakama kokukhula (1480–1500 m) nesimo sezulu esibandayo kakhulu.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ibanga lokuqala — igatsha elinonhlamvu nelinye icelembe elincane esigabeni sokuqala sokuvuleka (一芽一叶初展). Ibanga lesibili — igatsha elinamacembe amabili amancane (一芽二叶). Ibanga lesithathu — igatsha elinamacembe amathathu amancane (一芽三叶).
• Izidingo zokungakapheki: Ukufana ngosayizi nangezinga lokuvuleka. Ubuntu obuningi obunoboya obuthambile kuyisici esiphikelelayo sokuqala.

4. Indawo kanye nezici ezikhethekile zokutshala:

• Isifunda: Idolobhana lase-Hǎimǎ Gōng litholakala eceleni ompumalanga we-Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, emhosheni ojulile wezintaba ungaphansi kwedwala i-Lǎoyīng Yán (老鹰岩, ‘Idwala Lokhozi’). Indawo iyingxenye yedolobha i-Bijie (毕节) — esinye sezifunda eziphakeme kakhulu e-Guizhou. Indawo ezungezile ihlathi lokuqala, elakha i-ecosystem yemvelo.
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: Amamitha ayi-1480–1500 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle — enye yetiyi eziphuzi eziphakeme kakhulu e-China. Ukuze uqhathanise: i-Méngdǐng Huáng Yá — ifika ku-1450 m, amanye amatiyi aphuzi amaningi — aphansi kakhulu.
• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi onesihlabathi esinomuncu omncane (微酸性沙壤土) kanye nomhlabathi ophuzi wezintaba (黄壤, huáng rǎng). Okuqukethwe kwe-potassium — kufika ku-127 ppm (izinga eliphezulu). Inothile ngezinto eziphilayo. Idwala elingaphansi linikeza ukukhipha amanzi okuhle.
• Isimo sezulu: Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo ~13°C — kubanda kakhulu kunezifunda eziningi zetiyi e-China. Imvula yonyaka ingama-1000–1200 mm. Umswakamo ophakeme ungama-≥80%. Izintaba ezintathu zenza ‘indishi’ yemvelo, evikela emoyeni obandayo. Amafu ahlala ekhona, inkungu eningi, ingxenye ephezulu yokukhanya okuhlakaziwe.
• Izici ezikhethekile: Ukuhlukaniswa ngokweqile: idolobhana lase-Hǎimǎ Gōng bekungafinyeleleki kalula kuze kube muva nje, okwakulondoloze ukuhlanzeka kwemvelo futhi kwanciphisa ukwaziwa kwetiyi. Ukuhlala eduze kwehlathi lokuqala kuqinisekisa i-biodiversity enothile nokungabikho kokungcola kwezimboni. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphansi lehlisa ukukhula kwamahlumela, okunomthelela ekwandeni okuphezulu kwama-amino acid — okuqukethwe ama-amino acid e-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá kuqikelelwa ku-6–9% wezinto ezomile, okuyisibalo esiphezulu kakhulu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá buhlukile kumatiyi aphuzi asempumalanga ye-China ngokugxila ekusontweni kathathu nasekwenzeni ‘i-wò duī’ (渥堆, ukuthobisa okumanzi enqwabeni) okude, hhayi ‘i-mèn huáng ephepheni elisongayo’, njengase-Méngdǐng Huáng Yá. Umjikelezo ophelele ungaphezu kwamahora angama-30 omsebenzi wezandla.

• ‘Ukubulala okuluhlaza’ (杀青 — shā qīng): Ukuthosa ethangini eliyisicaba ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-140°C. Umsebenzi wezandla.
• Ukusonta kokuqala (初揉 — chū róu): Ukusonta okulula ukuphazamisa ukwakheka kwamaseli nokuqala ukwakheka kwesimo sokusonta okuwuphawu.
• Ukuthobisa okumanzi enqwabeni / Wò duī (渥堆 — wò duī): Isigaba esibalulekile. Icelembe elisontiwe liqoqwa libe inqwaba eminyene, isongwa ngendwangu emhlophe (捏团白布包裹) futhi ishiywe cishe amahora angama-24 ezingeni lokushisa legumbi. Lokhu kude ukwedlula amatiyi aphuzi amaningi (e-Méngdǐng Huáng Yá — amahora ayi-8–12, e-Mògān Huáng Yá — cishe imizuzu engama-40). Ngamahora angama-24, kwenzeka ukuphuzi okujulile: i-chlorophyll iyabhujiswa, ama-catechin ayaguquka, izingulube eziwuphawu lwetiyi ephuzi nobumnandi kuyakheka.
• Ukuthosa okuphindiwe (复炒 — fù chǎo): Ukomisa nokugcina umphumela ophakathi.
• Ukusonta kwesibili (复揉 — fù róu): Ukujulisa ukwakheka.
• Ukuthosa kwesithathu (再复炒 — zài fù chǎo): Omunye umjikelezo wokomisa.
• Ukusonta kwesithathu (再复揉 — zài fù róu): Ukwakheka kokugcina — ukunikeza isimo esiminyene, esiyi-spiral (紧结卷曲如螺). Ukusonta kathathu kuyisici esihlukile se-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá.
• Ukomiswa ngomlilo omncane (烘干 — hōng gān): Ukomiswa okunesikhathi eside ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi — amahora angaphezu kwe-10 emlilweni omncane (文火, wén huǒ). Ubude obunjalo buqinisekisa ukushisa okujulile kanye nokwakheka kwephunga eliyinkimbinkimbi.
• Ukuhlunga (拣剔 — jiǎn tī): Ukususa izinto ezingahlanganisiwe, ukulinganisa ikhwalithi.

6. Iimpawu Zokuzwa:

• Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amacembe asontiwe aqinile, agobile, afana neziphiralana ezincane (紧结卷曲如螺). Ubuntu obuningi obunoboya besiliva obuthambile (茸毛显露). Umbala uluhlaza obumnyama oyigugu onombala ophuzi (翠绿带黄). Ebangeni eliphakeme kakhulu, ubuntu obunoboya obuthambile buhlanganisa ≥80% yomzimba.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme, elifana nezimbali nezithelo. Isici esiwuphawu lwekhwalithi — ‘lěng bēi liú xiāng’ (冷杯留香, ‘iphunga elihlala enkomishini engenalutho’): ngisho nangemva kokuba itiyi iphuziwe, iphunga lihlala enkomishini isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30.
• Iphunga lokungeniswa: ‘Qīng xiāng’ (清香, iphunga elihlanzekile) — ithoni eyinhloko. Isekelwa ‘huā xiāng’ (花香, okuyizimbali) kanye ‘guǒ xiāng’ (果香, okuyizithelo). Iphunga linezendlalelo eziningi, livuleka kancane kancane kusukela ekuphonsweni kuya kokunye.
• Ukunambitheka: ‘Chún hòu gān tián’ (醇厚甘甜) — okuqinile, okuyindilinga, okumnandi okufana noju. Isici esiyingqopha-mlando, esaphawulwa e-‘Dading County Record’: ukuphonswa kokuqala — kunomuncu omncane (初泡时其味尚涩), eyesibili neyesithathu — ukuvuleka kwephunga nobumnandi obuphelele (迨泡经两三次其味转香). Ukunambitheka okusemuva — ukubuya okumnandi okuqhubekayo (回甘持久).
• Umbala wokungeniswa: ‘Huáng lǜ míng liàng’ (黄绿明亮) — ophuzi-oluhlaza, osobala, onokubengezela okucacile. Ithoni iseduze ‘nohlaza lomsinga’ — kufudumele kunetiyi eluhlaza, kodwa ‘kungashoni okuphuzi’ okuncane kune-Méngdǐng Huáng Yá noma i-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng.
• Phansi kwetiyi (iqabunga elenziwe): Amacembe aphuzi athambile, aqinile, afanayo (嫩黄匀整明亮).

7. Ukuqanjwa Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu, nokuguquka okuyingxenye phakathi ne-wò duī yansuku zonke. Ukulondolozwa kwezinhlanganisela eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ezingama-≥85% zokuqala.
• Ama-Amino acid: 6–9% wezinto ezomile — izinga eliphakeme kakhulu, elingenye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiyi aphuzi. Kubangelwa: izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphansi (13°C), ukuphakama (1500 m), amafu nezici zofuzo zomhlanganisela wendawo. I-L-theanine iyinto ehamba phambili.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine — okuqukethwe okusesilinganisweni. Ukusebenzisana nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kunikeza umphumela ocacile kodwa omnene wokuqinisa amandla.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini eqembu B.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium (umhlabathi unothile nge-potassium — 127 ppm), i-zinc, i-fluoride, i-magnesium.
• Ushukela oncibilikayo: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu — isisekelo sobumnandi obusobala bemvelo.

8. Izinzuzo Zempilo:

• Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla: I-wò duī yansuku zonke ikhiqiza inqwaba yama-enzyme okugaya. I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ngokwesiko isetshenziswa ngemva kokudla inyama eningi — okuvamile ezizweni zasezintabeni zakwa-Yi nakwa-Miao.
• Ukuqinisa amandla okumnene: Okuqukethwe kwe-amino acid okuphawulekayo (6–9%) kunikeza umphumela ocacile wokuphumula nokugxila we-L-theanine.
• Umthelela omnene esiswini: I-wò duī ende inciphisa kakhulu ubuhlungu bama-catechin.
• Isivikelo se-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenol (ukulondolozwa ≥85%) anikeza umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant.
• Ukusekela i-lipid metabolism: Itiyi ephuzi ngokwesiko iyanconywa lapho kusetshenziswa ngokweqile ukudla okunamafutha.

9. Ukugalela:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 70–80°C. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi libalulekile ku-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá: okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-amino acid kuvuleka lapho kugalelwa ngobumnene, futhi izinga lokushisa elidlulele lidala ubumuncu.
• Inani letiyi: 3 g ku-150 ml wamanzi.
• Isitsha: Ingilazi engumbhoshongo noma i-gaiwan ye-porcelain emhlophe.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi abilayo, uwasuse.
  2. Thela u-3 g wetiyi.
  3. Thela amanzi angu-70–80°C kuze kube yingxenye yevolumu. Manzisa amacembe, ulinde imizuzwana engama-30 (润茶). Susa ukungeniswa kokuqala.
  4. Thela amanzi kuze kube yi-7/10 yevolumu. Vala ngesembozo (uma kuyi-gaiwan). Yiyeke icishe ibe yimizuzu emi-5 ukuphonswa kokuqala.
  5. Bukha isenzeko ‘sokuphakama kathathu, ukuwa kathathu’ (三起三落, sān qǐ sān luò) — amahlumela aqala antanta, bese ecwila; umjikelezo uphindwa kathathu. Lokhu kuyisenzo esihle, esaziswa osazi.
  6. Ukugalelwa okuphindwayo: ukuphonswa okungu-2–3. I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ayimelani kangako nokugalelwa kune-Píngyáng Huáng Tāng noma i-Méngdǐng Huáng Yá, kodwa ukuphonswa ngakunye kwembula izici ezintsha zokunambitheka.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugoqa okuvalekile, ifriji noma ifriji yeqhwa (−10…−18°C). Ukuvikela emswakameni, ekukhanyeni, nasemaphungeni. Ezingeni lokushisa legumbi — sebenzisa phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-3–6. Ikhwalithi yokungeniswa: ophuzi-oluhlaza, osobala, onokubengezela okucacile — uphawu lokusha. Ukungeniswa okufiphazayo, okunokungcola — kuyisignali yokulahlekelwa kwekhwalithi.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhohliso:

I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá — umkhiqizo oyingcosana onomthamo wokukhiqiza olinganiselwe. Ibanga eliphakeme kakhulu (贡品级) — kusukela ku-2000 yuan nge-jīn (500 g). Ibanga lokuqala — 800–1500 yuan. Ibanga lesibili — yisigaba esithengekayo sokusetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ukwaziwa okuncane kwetiyi ngaphandle kwe-Guizhou kunciphisa ububanzi bemikhohliso, noma kunjalo kungenzeka ukushintshwa ngetiyi eluhlaza ekhiqizwe endaweni. Izimpawu zobuqiniso: ukusonta okuyisipirali okuminyene, ubuntu obuningi obunoboya besiliva obuthambile, ukungeniswa okuphuzi-oluhlaza (hhayi okuluhlaza okugqamile), ‘ukubambezeleka’ kobumuncu okuwuphawu okulandelwa ukuvuleka kwephunga.

12. Amaqiniso Anentshisekelo:

• I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá iwukuphela kwetiyi ephuzi esifundazweni sase-Guizhou — indawo okungelinye lamazinda amadala kakhulu okukhiqiza itiyi e-China. Yikuphi e-Guizhou lapho kwatholakala khona imbewu yetiyi eyaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni (茶籽化石), futhi ‘Classic of Tea’ (《茶经》) ka-Lù Yǔ ibala itiyi evela ‘e-Qiánzhōng’ (黔中) — i-Guizhou yanamuhla.
• Inganekwane ka-Shē Xiāng fūrén (奢香夫人) ingenye yezinganekwane ezigqamile emlandweni wase-Guizhou. Lo wesifazane wesizwe sama-Yi ekhulwini le-14 wayephethe izindawo ezibanzi zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga, wakha imigwaqo, wakha ubudlelwano nenhloko-dolobha yase-Ming futhi, ngokwesiko, waqinisa ubudlelwano ngetiyi yase-Hǎimǎ Gōng.
• Incazelo yokunambitheka ‘e-Dading County Record’ yango-1925 iyisibonelo esingavamile senothi lokunambitha eliqotho ezincwadini zetiyi zase-Shayina: umbhali uvuma obala ukuthi ukuphonswa kokuqala kunomuncu, futhi okulandelayo kuphela okuvuleka kwephunga. Lokhu kuhambisana ncamashi nesipiliyoni sanamuhla: i-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá — ‘itiyi edinga isineke’.
• Idolobhana lase-Hǎimǎ Gōng lihlala ama-Yi nama-Miao — amaqembu ezizwe anesiko lawo lasendulo letiyi, elihlukile kwele-Han. Igama lesi-Miao elithi ‘dòu jí’ lomuthi wetiyi alinakho okufana nalo ngesiShayina futhi likhomba umugqa ozimele wesiko letiyi.
• Ukuphakama okungu-1480–1500 m kwenza i-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ibe ngenye yetiyi eziphuzi eziphakeme kunazo zonke e-China. Umphumela — okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-amino acid (6–9%), okudala ubumnandi obunamathelayo nobugcwele, obungajwayelekile kumatiyi aphuzi.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiyi aphuzi:

• Méngdǐng Huáng Yá (蒙顶黄芽): Zombili — amatiyi aphuzi aseningizimu-ntshonalanga ezindaweni eziphakeme, kodwa ukufana kuphela lapho. I-Méngdǐng — iyisicaba, imise okwenkemba, i-chestnut-honey, ‘inamathosi amathathu nokuthobisa kathathu’; i-Hǎimǎ Gōng — isontiwe, i-spiral, i-floral-fruity, ne-wò duī yansuku zonke. I-Méngdǐng — itiyi yombuso enomlando wasenkantolo we-1169; i-Hǎimǎ Gōng — itiyi yesifundazwe enomlando ovamile.
• Píngyáng Huáng Tāng (平阳黄汤): I-Píngyáng — isimo sezulu sasolwandle, iphunga lommbila, ukungeniswa kwebhilikosi, ukuthobisa kathathu ngamahora angama-72. I-Hǎimǎ Gōng — indawo ephakeme, iphunga lezimbali nezithelo, ukungeniswa okuphuzi-oluhlaza, i-wò duī eyodwa ende (amahora angama-24). I-Píngyáng ‘iphuzi ngokujulile’; i-Hǎimǎ Gōng — ‘iseduze nohlaza’.
• Dàyèqīng (大叶青): Zombili — amatiyi aphuzi angasemaphethelweni (i-Guangdong ne-Guizhou), zombili aziwa kancane, zombili zivela ezintweni ezingakumbiwe ezinamacembe amakhulu. Kodwa i-Dàyèqīng — isindayo, i-malty, igqamisa ‘okuphuzi’; i-Hǎimǎ Gōng — ilula, i-floral, inokuthambekela ‘ekuluhlaza’. I-Hǎimǎ Gōng inhle kakhulu.
• Huòshān Huáng Yá (霍山黄芽): I-Huòshān — i-mineral, inomuncu, ‘inobuntu obuluhlaza’; i-Hǎimǎ Gōng — imnandi, i-floral, inoguquko oluphawulekayo ngenxa ye-wò duī yansuku zonke. Zombili — zingamatiyi ‘athule’, angafuni ukuba ngawokuqala, kodwa aziswa osazi ngobunzulu nangobuqotho.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá — itiyi ehlala yodwa, itiyi engasese, itiyi evela emaphethelweni omhlaba wetiyi. Idolobhana layo lilahlekile ezintabeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayinkulungwane nanhlamvu, umlando walo ulukwe ngesiphetho sezizwe ezincane zaseningizimu-ntshonalanga, ubuchwepheshe balo abugcinwa emalabhoratri asezikhungweni kodwa ezandleni zemindeni embalwa yama-Yi nama-Miao. Alifisi iziqu ‘zamatiyi amakhulu ayishumi’ futhi alibambi iqhaza emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa lowo othi asazowathola, uthola itiyi enobunzulu obumangalisayo: enobumnandi obugcwele okuqukethwe kwe-amino acid okuphawulekayo, nephunga elingashiyi inkomishi ihora, nobumuncu bokuqala obulandelwa ukuvuleka kwesixha sezimbali, — futhi uzoqonda ukuthi kungani abaqambi ‘beDading County Record’ eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule babebhala: “Phakathi kwetiyi, engcono kunazo zonke itholakala e-Hǎimǎ Gōng”.