I-Guchuhong

I-Guchuhong yitiye elibomvu lesifunda elivela entabeni yasendulo yase-Guchu esifundeni sase-Changxin esifundazweni sase-Zhejiang. Indawo lapho, ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Tang, isazi setiye u-Lu Yu sabhala khona incwadi engcwele yetiye “Chájīng”, futhi lapho kwakukhiqizwa khona itiye eliluhlaza eliyigugu lombuso i-Zǐsǔn cishe iminyaka engamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili nesishiyagalolunye ilandelana, namuhla ikhiqiza namatiye abomvu — athambile, anoshukela wezinyosi, agcwele umoya wesiko lasendulo kakhulu letiye laseShayina.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu laseShayina (红茶, hóngchá), elivuthwe ngokuphelele.
• Isigaba: Amatiye abomvu esifunda sase-Zhejiang. Umkhiqizo wesimanje womqambi, osekelwe endaweni nasezintweni ezingavuthiwe zesifunda sasendulo setiye i-Guchu.
• Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe i-Zhejiang (浙江省, Zhèjiāng Shěng), idolobha elingaphansi kwesifundazwe i-Huzhou (湖州市, Húzhōu Shì), isifunda i-Changxin (长兴县, Chángxīng Xiàn), ilokishi lase-Shuikou (水口乡, Shuǐkǒu Xiāng), indawo yentaba i-Guchu (顾渚山, Gùzhǔ Shān). I-Guchu yindlu yokuqala “yencwadi yetiye”: yilapho u-Lu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) aqeda khona umsebenzi wakhe othi “Chájīng” (茶经), futhi inkantolo yetiye yombuso wakwa-Tang yakha ifekthri yokuqala emlandweni weShayina yokukhiqiza itiye lomnikelo — i-Gongcha Yuan (贡茶院).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-31°01′ N, 119°52′ E (intaba i-Guchu, ilokishi lase-Shuikou, isifunda i-Changxin).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Umlando wetiye wasentabeni i-Guchu uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-1,250. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Tang (唐朝) le ndawo yayidume ngokukhiqiza itiye elicindezelwe eliluhlaza i-Guchu Zǐsǔn (顾渚紫笋, Gùzhǔ Zǐsǔn) — “Ihlumela Elinsomi Lentaba i-Guchu”, okwathi ngo-770 (unyaka wesihlanu wokubusa kwe-Dàlì, 大历五年) laba itiye lokuqala elisemthethweni lomnikelo wenkantolo yombuso. Itiye i-Guchu Zǐsǔn lahlala liyitiye lomnikelo cishe amakhulu eminyaka ayisishiyagalolunye — okungenye yezikhathi ezinde kakhulu “zokunikelwa kwetiye” emlandweni waseShayina. Isazi setiye u-Lu Yu (733–804) watshala mathupha amasimu etiye entabeni i-Guchu futhi wabhala incwadi yakhe edumile ethi “Gùzhǔ shān jì” (顾渚山记, “Amanothi Ngentaba i-Guchu”), ethatha itiye lendawo “njengelokuqala ngaphansi kwezulu”. Ngaphansi kwe-Guchu Gongcha Yuan (顾渚贡茶院) ngesikhathi sokuchuma kwayo kwakusebenza izingcweti ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane kanye nezisebenzi zesizini eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu; eduze kwefekthri kwakusebenza i-Jinghuiting (境会亭) — indawo yamadili etiye, lapho kwakubuthana khona ababusi bezifunda, izikhulu kanye nababhali.

  Ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu esifundeni sase-Changxin kuyinto esemasha, exhunyaniswe nokwehlukahlukana kwemboni yetiye yendawo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni lekhulu lama-21. Ngokwesiko lesifunda laligxile etiyini eliluhlaza kuphela (i-Guchu Zǐsǔn yavuselelwa ngo-1979 futhi yahlala ibalwa phakathi kwamatiye aziwayo esizwe sonkana), kodwa ukwanda kwesidingo emhlabeni nasekhaya ngamatiye abomvu kwaduduza izingcweti zendawo ukuba zizame ukuvuthwa okuphelele kusetshenziswa izinto zendawo ezingavuthiwe. Kwavela kanjalo i-Guchuhong — itiye elihlanganisa umhlaba wasendulo we-Guchu nobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu.

• Igama: “Guchu” (顾渚) yigama lendawo lentaba nomuzana oseduze esifundeni sase-Changxin. Isiqalo segama sibuyela encazelweni yasendulo yezwe: ngokwe-“Huányǔjì” (《寰宇记》), inkosana yase-Wu u-Fugai (夫概) “wabheka (顾) lolusele (渚)” futhi wabona indawo ifaneleka njengenhloko-dolobha. “Hong” (红) — “okubomvu”, kukhomba uhlobo lwetiye (红茶, hóngchá). Ngakho-ke, igama eligcwele lisho ukuthi “Itiye Elibomvu Lentaba i-Guchu”.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Guchuhong ivumela ukutholwa kabusha kwenye yezindawo zetiye ezinomthwalo omkhulu kakhulu emlandweni emhlabeni. Esifundeni lapho ubunikazi baso beminyaka eminingi babuxhumene ngokungenakwehlukaniswa netiye eliluhlaza lomnikelo, ukuvela kwetiye elibomvu kuwuphawu lwesiko eliphilayo, elikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zesikhathi. I-Guchuhong ithakazelisa abathandi abajwayelene ne-Guchu Zǐsǔn: inikeza ithuba lokuqhathanisa ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe ezifanayo nendawo efanayo zivela kanjani ngaphansi kobuchwepheshe obuhluke ngokuphelele bokulungisa. Isifunda i-Changxin sihlala singesinye sezikhungo ezibalulekile “zokuvakasha kwetiye” e-Zhejiang: lapha kunendawo evuselelwe i-Da Tang Gongcha Yuan (大唐贡茶院), izinsimbi zamatshe ezinemibhalo yezimbongi zase-Tang nababusi bezifunda, kanye nomthombo i-Jinshaquan (金沙泉) — “Isiphethu Segolide Lesihlabathi”, u-Lu Yu ayebheka njengamanzi angcono kakhulu okuphisa itiye.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Izinhlobo / Izimila: Isisekelo yinhlobo yendawo yamaqabunga amancane Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (群体种), ekhule ngokomlando emithambekeni yase-Guchu nasemizaneni eseduze. Leli qoqo elifanayo lezitshalo lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza i-Guchu Zǐsǔn. Amahlumela ahlukaniswa ngokuthungwa okuthambile, uboya obucacile kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid, okuyifa lokulinywa kwamakhulu eminyaka ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu sasezintabeni esinomswakama. Amanye amapulazi asebenzisa izimila ezikhethiwe, ezikhethelwe ukuqinisa ubumnandi nobuningi besiphuzo.
• Ukuvuna: Isikhathi esikhulu — intwasahlobo (Mashi–Ephreli). Amabheji angcono kakhulu avunwa ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming (清明) noma ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kwawo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuvuna ehlobo, okunikeza iqabunga eliqinile ngokwengeziwe kodwa elinobuningi.
• Izinga lokuvuna: Ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (一芽一叶 — 一芽二叶) emabhejini ajwayelekile; kwamabheji aphambili — ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa elithambile noma ukuvuna okumsulwa kwezihloko zamahlumela (单芽).
• Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Iqabunga elisha, eliphelele ngaphandle komonakalo wokusebenza kanye neziqu eziqinile; isikhathi esifushane phakathi kokuvuna nokuqala ukushwabana; ukufana kwamahlumela ngokwezinga lokuvuthwa.

4. Indawo Yokutshala Nezimpawu Zayo:

Intaba i-Guchu (顾渚山, u-355 m ngaphezu kolwandle endaweni ephakeme kakhulu) isenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesifunda i-Changxin, lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe i-Zhejiang, i-Jiangsu ne-Anhui, amakhilomitha ayi-17 ukusuka enkabeni yesifunda. Ngasentshonalanga ivikelwe izintaba eziphakeme, kanti ngasempumalanga — kunombono wechibi i-Taihu (太湖), ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke lamanzi angenasawoti emfuleni i-Yangtze.

• Ukuphakama kokutshala: 200–355 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Amasimu etiye atholakala ikakhulukazi emithambekeni ethe ubheke yentaba nasezigodini eziphakathi kwezintaba (岕, jiè), ezivikelekile emimoyeni enamandla.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-subtropical monsoon esinethonya elibonakalayo le-Taihu; izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo 15–16 °C; isilinganiso semvula sonyaka esiphakathi nendawo 1,200–1,400 mm. Umswakama ophakeme, inkungu yasekuseni evamile kanye nokukhanya okuthambile okusakazekile kudala izimo ezifanele zokuqoqwa kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi eqabungeni letiye. Kakade u-Lu Yu waphawula ukuthi “itiye elizalwe kulezi zindawo — lingelesigaba esiphezulu kakhulu” (茶生其间，尤为绝品).
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yasentabeni ephuzi-nsundu ene-asidi encane (pH 4.5–6.0) (山地黄棕壤) enomquba omningi nokungenisa umoya okuhle. Ingaphansi elinamatshe linikeza ukukhishwa kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu futhi linikeza itiye ubuncane bamaminerali.
• Ubuciko bokulima: Ukuvuna kwesintu ngesandla; amapulazi amaningi alandela izinqubo ezingcolile. Izindawo zoqalo nezihlahla ezixubile ezizungeze amasimu zakha i-ecosystem yemvelo, enciphisa isidingo sokubulala izinambuzane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Guchuhong ikhiqizwa ngobuchwepheshe bakudala betiye elibomvu laseShayina ngokuhluka okuncane okubangelwa ubunjalo bezinto ezingavuthiwe zendawo ezinamaqabunga amancane. Amapulazi ahlukene ayashintshashintsha indlela yokufudumeza kokugcina, eshintsha ibanga libheke emaphuzwini amasha ezithelo nezinyosi, noma libheke emaphuzwini “afudumele” e-caramel noshokoledi.

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ukukhetha ngesandla amahlumela athambile; etiyini elibomvu kuvunyelwe iqabunga elivuthwe ngokwengeziwe kunalelo le-Guchu Zǐsǔn, okunikeza “ukuphelela” komzimba okudingekayo.

• Ukushwabana (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Amaqabunga andlalwa ngongqimba oluncane ezisetshenzisweni zoqalo ekamelweni elinomoya omuhle noma ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okusakazekile. Inhloso — ukwehlisa umswakama ufike ku-58–62 %, ukunikeza ukunwebeka nokuqala izinqubo zokuqala zama-biochemical. Isikhathi siyimahora eyi-10–16. Ukushwabana kuyisigaba esibalulekile “sokuhlela” ibanga lephunga: yilapho kusungulwa khona amaphuzu ezinyosi nezithelo.

• Ukusongeka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukwakhiwa kweqabunga nokukhishwa koju lweseli ukuze kuvuthwe ngokulinganayo. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Zhejiang ezinamaqabunga amancane zisongwa ngobumnene, ukugcina ukuphelela nokugwema ukubaba ngokweqile. Isikhathi imizuzu engama-40–60 ngokwandisa kancane kancane umfutho.

• Ukuvuthwa / ukubola (发酵 — fājiào): Iqabunga elisongwe libekwa ngongqimba oyi-6–10 cm emakamelweni anezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo (26–30 °C) nomswakama (90–95 %). Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ama-catechin aguqulwa abe yi-theaflavin ne-thearubigin, akha umbala omisiwe “nomzimba” wetiye elibomvu. Isikhathi siyimahora ama-3–4; uphawu lokuthi selilungile — iphunga elicebile lezithelo nezimbali kanye nombala wethusi obomvu olinganayo weqabunga.

• Ukomiswa / ukufudumeza (烘干 — hōnggān / 干燥 — gānzào): Ukomiswa ngezigaba ezimbili: isigaba sokuqala ngamazinga okushisa aphezulu ukumisa ukuvuthwa nokulungisa iphunga; emva kokupholisa okumaphakathi — isigaba sesibili ngamazinga okushisa aphakathi ukuze kufinyelelwe emswakameni wokugcina (5–6 %) ngobumnene. Ezinye izingcweti zisebenzisa ukufudumeza okwengeziwe kokugcina (提香) ukuze kugqanyiswe amaphuzu ezinyosi ne-caramel.

• Ukuhlunga (分级 — fēnjí): Ukwehlukaniswa kwetiye eliqediwe ngezingxenye (ubukhulu beqabunga, inani lezihloko zamahlumela) nezinga lekhwalithi. Ukususwa kwezingcezu eziphukile, iziqu kanye nezinto zangaphandle.

6. Izici Zokunambitha Nokubukeka:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imisonto eqinile, ehlanzekile yobude obuphakathi; umbala — onsundu ngokumnyama ukuya komnyama onokucwebezela kwemvelo; emabangeni aphakeme kakhulu kubonakala izihloko zamahlumela ezisiliva noma ezisagolide ezicacile (显毫, xiǎnháo).
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ukufudumala, okumnandi — izinyosi, izithelo ezomisiwe (usuku, ibhilikosi), iphunga elincane lesinkwa. Kuhlanzekile, ngaphandle kwamaphuzu angaphandle.
• Iphunga lesiphuzo: Izigaba eziningi — kusukela emaphuzwini okuqala ezinyosi nezithelo ezomisiwe kuya emaphuzwini esinkwa ne-caramel; esiphuzweni esipholayo kuvela iphunga elincane lokhuni. Iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside, “limboza”.
• Ukunambitha: Obukhulu nobuyindilinga (醇厚, chúnhòu); ubumnandi bemvelo obuhlanzekile — ngaphandle kwesinda samafutha, kodwa “nomzimba” obonakalayo; ukubaba okulingene, okuncibilika kancane ekunambitheni okuhlala isikhathi eside okufudumezayo. Emabhejini angcono kakhulu kuzwakala ubuncane bamaminerali, okuyifa lenhlabathi enamatshe yase-Guchu.
• Umbala wesiphuzo: Kusuka kwi-amber kuya konsundu obomvu, okusobala nokuhlanzekile, ngokucwebezela okuphilayo.
• Insalela yetiye (iqabunga eliphisiwe): Iqabunga livuleka ngokulinganayo nangokunwebeka; umbala usuka konsundu wethusi kuya konsundu obomvu, ukuthungwa kuthambile, ngaphandle kwemithambo eqinile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-polyphenol: Imikhiqizo yokuvuthwa kwama-catechin iyabusa — ama-theaflavin (TF, anesibopho sokugqama “nomphetho osagolide” wesiphuzo) nama-thearubigin (TR, akha ukujula kombala “nokushelela okufana nevelvet” kokunambitha). Isamba esiphelele sama-polyphenol — 10–15 % wesisindo esomile.
• Ama-amino acid: 2–4 %, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine — ingxenye esemqoka yokuthamba kokunambitha nokunambitheka okumnandi emva kwalokho. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela entabeni i-Guchu ngokomlando zidume ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid ngenxa yenkungu evamile nokukhanya okusakazekile.
• Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine 2–3.5 % wesisindo esomile (cishe 35–55 mg ngenkomishi engu-200 ml); i-theobromine ne-theophylline ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
• Amavithamini: B₁, B₂, B₃, ivithamini C (igcinwa ngokwengxenye), ivithamini E.
• Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride; ukwakheka kwama-microelement kunqunywa ukugcwala kwamaminerali enhlabathini yasezintabeni yase-Guchu.
• Izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi eziphaphazelayo: Iqoqo lama-terpene (i-linalool, i-geraniol) nemikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-Maillard, akha ibanga lezinyosi nezithelo ne-caramel. Ukwehluka kokufudumeza kokugcina kuvumela ukushintsha ibhalansi libheke emaphuzwini “amasha” (ezithelo) noma “afudumele” (e-caramel noshokoledi).

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuqinisa okumnene: I-caffeine ihlanganiswe ne-L-theanine isekela ukuphaphama nokugxila ngomphumela olinganayo nothambile kunekhofi.
• Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin akhombisa ikhono elicacile lokunciphisa ama-radical akhululekile, okusiza ukwehlisa izinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli.
• Ukugaya okunethezekile: Itiye elibomvu elifudumele emva kokudla likhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokugaya futhi lisiza ekugayweni kokudla, ikakhulukazi okunamafutha nenyama.
• Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukuphuzwa okuvamile nokulingene kwetiye elibomvu kuhlanganiswa nokugcina ithoni yemithambo yegazi nokwenza umumo we-cholesterol ube ngokwejwayelekile.
• Umphumela wokufudumala: Itiye elibomvu “elinosimo olufudumele” (温性) liwusizo ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sonyaka esibandayo nakubantu abanomuzwa wokubanda ngaphakathi.
• Ukusekela amasosha omzimba: Ama-polyphenol etiye anomphumela wokuguqula amasosha omzimba kanye nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala okuncane.
• Imisebenzi yengqondo: Ukuhlangana kwe-L-theanine ne-caffeine kusiza ekuthuthukiseni inkumbulo yokusebenza, isivinini sokusabela kanye nekhono lokugxila kuyilapho kunciphisa izinga lokukhathazeka elizwayo.
• Isimo sesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant etiye elibomvu (ikakhulukazi ama-theaflavin) asiza ekuvikeleni amaseli esikhumba emonakalweni we-UV futhi asekela ithoni enempilo.

9. Ukusetshenziswa Kokuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–96 °C; emabhejini athambile anenani elikhulu lezihloko zamahlumela — 88–92 °C.
• Inani letiye: 4–6 g nge-100–120 ml (i-gongfu); 2–3 g nge-200–250 ml (ukumunyisa).
• Izitsha: I-gaiwan yobumba lwamatshe (盖碗, 100–120 ml) — ukukhetha okujwayelekile, okudlulisela iphunga ngaphandle kokugqwala. Iketela lobumba lwamatshe lizofanela isiphuzo esibushelelezi ngokwengeziwe. Iketela le-Yixing lobumba olunsomi (紫砂壶) — lungele labo abancamela ibanga eliyindilinga, “elimbesayo”.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha.
  2. Thela itiye, vala ngesivalo bese uhogela iphunga elomile.
  3. Ukugeza okufushane (imizuzwana eyi-1–2) — kuvunyelwe emabhejini asongwe aqinile, kodwa akuphoqelekile.
  4. Ukutheleka kokuqala: 8–12 imizuzwana.
  5. Ukutheleka kwesibili kuya kwesine: 10–15 imizuzwana.
  6. Emva kwalokho andisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5–10 ngokutheleka ngakunye.
  7. Inkomba: 6–8 ukutheleka ebhejini lekhwalithi enhle.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Iziqukathi ezivala umoya (ithini lensimbi, isikhwama esinongqimba lwe-foil) oluvikelwe ekukhanyeni, emswakameni nasemaphungeni angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele: 15–25 °C, indawo eyomile nemnyama.
• Amatiye abomvu enziwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zase-Zhejiang ezinamaqabunga amancane kunconywa ukuwaphuza esemasha — ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-6–18 emva kokukhiqizwa, lapho iphunga licacile kakhulu. Amabheji ekhwalithi, aqinile angakwazi “ukuyindilinga” ngokugcinwa okufanele kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2–3, athole amaphuzu ajulile okhuni.
• Gwema ukugcina eduze nezinongo, ikhofi kanye nezinto zokufaka iphunga elimnandi.

11. Intengo Namaqhuzu:

I-Guchuhong ingumkhiqizo oyingxenye encane yemakethe, ongafuni ukungena emakethe enkulu: intengo yayo inqunywa ngokuyinhloko yisithunzi sepulazi, izinga lokuvuna (inani lezihloko zamahlumela) kanye nokulinganiselwa kwenani lokukhiqizwa endaweni yentaba i-Guchu. Amapulazi etiye esifunda ngezikhathi ezithile akhiqiza amabheji alinganiselwe emiqhudelwaneni, abekwa kakhulu kunezinto ezijwayelekile.

• Ungawagwema kanjani amaqhuzu:
  1. Thenga kubathengisi abahloliwe lapho kubhalwe umkhiqizi, isikhathi sonyaka nonyaka wokukhiqiza.
  2. Hlola iqabunga: ukusongeka okulinganayo, ukungabikho kothuli nezinto zangaphandle; emabangeni aphezulu kakhulu — izihloko zamahlumela ezicacile.
  3. Hlola iphunga: kufanele lihlanzekile, libe ngelinyosi nezithelo, ngaphandle kobulukhuni “bokushiswa” noma iphunga lesikhunta.
  4. Isiphuzo — esisobala, sombala we-amber noma onsundu obomvu, ngaphandle kwezinsalela ezingabonakali kahle.
  5. Qaphela amanani “aphansi ngokukhethekile” ebangeni elishiwo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Intaba i-Guchu — indawo lapho u-Lu Yu (陆羽), “isazi setiye” (茶圣, cháshèng), kanye nembongi u-Lu Guimeng (陆龟蒙) batshala khona amasimu etiye okuhlola futhi benza ucwaningo ngobuciko betiye. Yilapho kwabhalwa khona izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-“Chájīng” (茶经, “Incwadi Engcwele Yetiye”), futhi u-Lu Yu wabeka itiye lase-Guchu “endaweni yokuqala” phakathi kwawo wonke amatiye aseShayina.
• Ifekthri yetiye yombuso i-Guchu Gongcha Yuan (顾渚贡茶院), eyasungulwa ngo-770, — “imboni yetiye kahulumeni” yokuqala emlandweni waseShayina oqoshwe ngokusemthethweni. Amanxiwa ayo kusukela ngo-2006 ayisikhumbuzo sezwe esibalulekile (全国重点文物保护单位).
• Phansi kwentaba kukhona i-Jinshaquan (金沙泉) — “Isiphethu Segolide Lesihlabathi”, ngokwesiko esatholwa u-Lu Yu mathupha futhi esamukelwa njengamanzi angcono kakhulu okuphisa itiye. Ngezikhathi zama-Tang, amanzi alo mthombo kanye netiye ayethunyelwa enkantolo ngezitsha zesiliva.
• Imbongi u-Du Mu (杜牧), lapho engumbusi wase-Huzhou, washiya umbhalo owenziwe ngekhaligrafi edwaleni lase-Guchu ngo-851 — unyaka ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, — okwenza lo mbhalo waba umbhalo wokugcina wesandla wezandla ezisindile zombongi omkhulu.
• Ngo-2022, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Guchu Zǐsǔn (顾渚紫笋) bafakwa Ohlwini Lwamagugu Angabonakali Esintu e-UNESCO njengengxenye yesicelo esithi “Amasu Endabuko Okucubungula Itiye kanye Nezenzo Zokuhlalisana Ezihambisana Nawo eShayina” — iqiniso eliqinisa isikhundla sayo yonke indawo yase-Guchu.
• Ngesikhathi sokuchuma kwetiye lomnikelo, “Idili Letiye Entabeni i-Jinghui” (茶山境会) lonyaka lalibutha ababusi bezifundazwe ezimbili, ababhali nezikhulu ukuze kuqhakambiswe itiye elisha ngokuhlanganyela, imincintiswano yezinkondlo kanye nemidlalo yomculo. U-Bai Juyi (白居易), ngenkathi ese-Suzhou futhi engakwazi ukuza edilini ngenxa yokulimala, wabhala inkondlo eyaba incazelo yakudala yamadili etiye ase-Tang.
• Umuzana wase-Guchu namuhla ungesinye sezikhungo ezinkulu “zokuvakasha kwezolimo kwetiye” e-Zhejiang: cishe wonke amakhaya anikeza indawo yokuhlala nokunambitha, futhi minyaka yonke lesi sifunda samukela amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabavakashi abavela e-Shanghai nasezifundazweni ezingomakhelwane.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:

• I-Guchu Zǐsǔn (顾渚紫笋, Gùzhǔ Zǐsǔn): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile lentaba efanayo — “umzala oluhlaza” oqondile we-Guchuhong. I-Zǐsǔn — ayikavuthwa, inephunga eliqhakazile “loqalo”, ukunambitha okusha kotshani kanye nesiphuzo esiphuzi ngokuluhlaza. Ukuqhathanisa kukhombisa ukuthi ukuvuthwa okuphelele kuguqula kanjani ibanga ngokujulile: kusuka ebushini “nohlazeni” kuvuka ezinyosi, i-caramel nokunambitheka okufudumele.
• I-Jiuhongmei (九红梅, Jiǔhóngméi): Itiye elibomvu lase-Zhejiang elivela ezindaweni eziseduze ne-Hangzhou (isifunda sase-Lin’an). Ibanga “elisha” futhi elinephunga lezimbali, lilula emzimbeni, nephunga le-“plamu” eliyingqayizivele ephungeni. I-Guchuhong iyajiya futhi “ifudumele”, inobumnandi obucacile bezinyosi.
• I-Qi Men Hong Cha (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Umsebenzi wobuciko wase-Anhui ohnephunga laso elidumile “lase-Qimen” (祁门香) — elinjengezinyosi ne-orchid, “elifana nezinto zokufaka iphunga elimnandi”. Uma kuqhathaniswa nalo, i-Guchuhong ilula futhi “isekhaya”, isondele ezinyosini nasezinkweni, ngaphandle kwalobo bunkimbinkimbi “boluphunga elimnandi”, kodwa inezimpawu zobuncane bamaminerali.
• I-Tanyang Gong Fu (坦洋工夫, Tǎnyáng Gōngfū): I-gongfu-hongcha yase-Fujian enephunga laso “le-longan” elingumazisi. Iminyene futhi “enamafutha” ngokwengqimba, inengxenye yezithelo ecacile kakhudlwana. I-Guchuhong ithambile, “yome” kakhudlwana ekunambitheni, isondele ebangeni lezinyosi ne-sinkwa.
• I-Yuehong Gong Fu (越红工夫, Yuèhóng Gōngfū): Elinye itiye elibomvu lase-Zhejiang (elivela e-Shaoxing), ngokomlando lalibhekiswe ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Liminyene futhi linokujwayelekile, linokubaba okucacile. I-Guchuhong iyindlela ehloniphekile, enebanga elihle lephunga.

Ngokuphetha:

I-Guchuhong — itiye elinelungelo eliyivelakancane lokujula komlando: ukuphuza itiye elibomvu entabeni lapho u-Lu Yu apholisha khona “Incwadi Yakhe Engcwele Yetiye” — lokho ngokwakho kuwuhambo oludlula emakhulwini eminyaka. Kodwa i-Guchuhong ayisebenzisi kabi inganekwane: ibanga layo lezinyosi nezithelo, elifudumezayo, isiphuzo sayo se-amber esisobala nokunambitheka okuthambile emva kwesiphuzo phansi okunemaminerali kufanele ukunakwa nangaphandle kwengqikithi yomlando. Leli tiye lilihle kakhulu kulabo asebevele bethanda amatiye aluhlaza ase-Zhejiang futhi abafuna ukuthola uhlangothi “olufudumele” lwendawo efanayo — noma ukuphisa itiye emva kwemini lapho ufuna ukufudumala, ubumnandi nokuthula enkomishini.