Guizhou Maodong Hongcha · new.thetea.app

I-Ghuizhou Maodong Hongcha yitiye elibomvu eliyingqayizivele elivela endaweni esezintabeni eziphakeme iMaodong esifundeni saseFenggang esifundazweni saseGuizhou. Leli tiye lehluka kwamanye amatiye abomvu aseShayina ngephrofayili yalo elula, ne-citrus enezimbali, ngaphandle kokunambitheka okufana nomuthi womlingo (malt), okuvezwa izinga eliphansi lokungenisa umoya (oxidation) kanye nezici zomhlanganisela wendawo. Itiye likhiqizwa kwenye yezindawo ezihlanza kakhulu emhlabeni wonke eShayina, emhlabathini ocebile nge-zinc ne-selenium.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — elivutshiwe (eli-oxidizwe) ngokuphelele, kodwa izinga lokungenisa umoya liphansi kunelivamile lalolu hlobo: cishe ama-70–80 %, okwenza ukuphuza kwalo kube lula futhi kungabi nama-astringents aqine.
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda esiphilayo saseGuizhou. Liyingxenye yamaqembu etiye akhiqizwa ngaphansi kophawu olungaphansi kwezulu “Fenggang Xinxi Cha” (凤冈锌硒茶, Fènggāng Xīnxī Chá) — “Itiye le-Zinc ne-Selenium laseFenggang,” elinokuvikelwa kwendawo okuwumlando futhi elibhaliswe kuhlu lwe-EU-China ngesivumelwano sokuvikelwa kwezimpawu zendawo.
Imvelaphi: eShayina, esifundazweni saseGuizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), esifundeni saseZunyi (遵义市, Zūnyì Shì), esifundeni saseFenggang (凤冈县, Fènggāng Xiàn), endaweni yaseMaodong (猫洞, Māodòng). Amasimu atholakala emithambekeni esenyakatho-mpumalanga yomgogodla weDalou (大娄山, Dàlóu Shān), endaweni engenhla komfula iWujiang (乌江, Wūjiāng).
Izixhumanisi zokuma komhlaba: Cishe i-27°57′ enyakatho, i-107°25′ empumalanga. Ukuphakama kwamasimu: cishe amamitha ayi-1,200 ngaphezu kolwandle.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isifundazwe saseGuizhou singesinye sezindawo zasendulo kakhulu zetiye eShayina. Kakade e-“Canon yetiye” (《茶经》, Chájīng) kaLu Yu (陆羽, Lù Yǔ), eyabhalwa ngo-760, kukhulunywa “ngetiye laseYizhou” (夷州茶), lapho iYizhou ihambisana nezifunda zanamuhla iMeitan neFenggang. Isifunda saseFenggang sinomlando obhalwe phansi wokutshalwa kwetiye ongaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Kodwa amatiye abomvu eGuizhou yinto esanda kuqalwa. Itiye lokuqala elibomvu laseGuizhou kwaba “iMeihong” (湄红, Méihóng), eyakhiwa ngo-1939 e-Central Experimental Tea Factory (中央实验茶场) eMeitan ngobuchwepheshe betiye elibomvu laseYunnan. Ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ngoxhaso olusebenzayo lukahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni imboni yetiye yaseGuizhou, ukukhiqizwa kwamatiye abomvu kule ndawo kwanda kakhulu. Indawo yaseMaodong esifundeni saseFenggang yaba ngesinye sezikhungo ezintsha zokukhiqiza amatiye abomvu asezingeni eliphezulu nangenamakhemikhali.
Igama: “Maodong” (猫洞) lihunyushwa ngqo litjho “Umhume wekati”. Leligama lendawo lihlotshaniswa nezici ezikhethekile zomhlaba one-karst kule ndawo — imigede eminingi, imigodi nezimbotsana, okuyinto evamile ethafeni laseGuizhou. Ngokwezinsumansumane zendawo, kulezi zikhala ze-karst kwakuhlala amakati asendle (mhlawumbe ama-viverrid noma ama-civet). “Hong Cha” (红茶, hóngchá) yigama elijwayelekile elisho itiye elibomvu ngokwezigaba zaseShayina.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda saseFenggang yindawo lapho abantu baseMiao (苗族, Miáozú) nabaseDong (侗族, Dòngzú) bahlala khona ngokomlando, amasiko abo ahlukile agcwele amasiko etiye. Itiye lihlangene ngokujulile nesiko lansuku zonke lwamaqembu amancane endawo futhi lisetshenziswa hhayi njengesiphuzo kuphela, kodwa futhi njengophawu lwemicikilisho: ekwelapheni, lapho kwamukelwa izivakashi, phakathi nemikhosi yomshado. Isiko “yucha” (油茶, yóuchá) — itiye elibilisiwe elinamafutha nezinongo — lisagcinwa eFenggang kuze kube namuhla futhi kukhulunywa ngalo emibhalweni yendawo kusukela enkathini yakwa-Ming. Njalo ngonyaka kuba nemikhosi yetiye kulesifunda, lapho imicikilisho ehambisana nayo, umculo nokunambitha kukhanga izivakashi ezivela eShayina yonke. IFenggang izuze izikhawu eziphindaphindiwe “Isifunda Esihamba Phambili Setiye eShayina” (中国重点产茶县) kanye “Nendabuko yetiye eliphilayo elicebile nge-zinc ne-selenium” (富锌富硒有机茶之乡).

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Umhlanganisela: Emkhiqizweni kusetshenziswa umhlanganisela we-Fuding Dabai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái), kanye nohlobo lwawo oluhlobene i-Fuding Dahao (福鼎大毫, Fúdǐng Dàháo), ezilethwe esifundazweni saseFujian futhi ezijwayelana kahle nezimo eziphakeme zaseGuizhou. Ngokwezezitshalo okungaphansi kohlobo lwamaqabunga amancane Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Amahlumela amancane omhlanganisela we-Fuding Dabai angase abe nombala onsomi ngokuncane ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-anthocyanins, okuwuphawu lokukhula ezindaweni eziphakeme. I-Fuding Dabai ingenye yemihlanganisela ehamba phambili yetiye eShayina, eyathola isimo sohlobo olusemgangathweni lukahulumeni (国家级良种) futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni amatiye amhlophe nabomvu.
Ukuvunwa: Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngezandla kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Izinga lokuvuna — ihlumela elingakavuleki kanye namaqabunga amabili amancane aphezulu (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá) kuthathwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi eziqoqwe ngesikhathi sokuphumula ebusika.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amaqabunga mancane (~4–6 cm ubude), anoboya obusiliva obubonakalayo (bai hao, 白毫, báiháo) emahlumeleni. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zihlukaniseka ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine namafutha abalulekile, ikakhulukazi ama-monoterpene alcohols (linalool, geraniol), akha iphrofayili yembali yesici sephunga.

4. I-Terroir nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshala:

Isifunda: imithambeka esenyakatho-mpumalanga yomgogodla we-Dalou (大娄山) engxenyeni esenyakatho yesifundazwe saseGuizhou. Indawo ingxenye yesigodi esingenhla soMfula iWujiang, engena ngaphakathi kwendawo yetiye “Inkabazwe yoMfula iWujiang” (乌江中游茶区) — enye yezindawo ezibalulekile zetiye eGuizhou.
Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: Cishe amamitha ayi-1,200 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Umhlabathi: I-yellow soil (黄壤, huáng rǎng) enokumuncwa okumuncu (pH 5.5–6.5), ebiliselwe emadwaleni e-carbonate ethafa le-karst. Umhlabathi ucebile ngama-oxide e-iron ne-manganese, futhi uqukethe izinga eliphezulu le-zinc (Zn) ne-selenium (Se) — into ehlukanisayo ye-terroir yaseFenggang, eyanika igama uphawu lwe-“Xinxi Cha”.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon enezici eziphawulekayo zezindawo eziphakeme. I-avareji lokushisa lonyaka liyi-+14.5–15.5°C, inani lezimvula lonyaka — cishe i-1,100–1,300 mm. Kuvamile ukuba nenkungu njalo (izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-200 ngonyaka), umswakama ophezulu kanye nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinga lokushisa emini nasebusuku (ufinyelela ku-10–12°C). Yikhona lokhu kwehla nokwenyuka okwenza isihlahla setiye sinciphise ukukhula, siqongelele emaqabungeni izinto ezinuka kamnandi ezengeziwe, ushukela nama-amino acid. I-Guizhou idume ngefomula yayo “i-latitude ephezulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane, ukugcwala kwenkungu, ukungabi bikho kokungcola” (高海拔、低纬度、寡日照、多云雾、无污染), echaza izimo ezifanele zokutshala itiye. Ucwaningo lwe-Guizhou Tea Institute luqinisekisile ukuthi amatiye aseFenggang adlula ngokungaguquki amazinga kazwelonke ngokuqukethwe kwezinto ezincibilikayo emanzini, ama-amino acid nama-polyphenols etiye.
Izici zokutshala: Amasimu asetshenziswa ngokwemigomo yezolimo okuphilayo. Njengomanyolo kusetshenziswa umquba wemvelo osuselwa emfucumfucwini ye-bamboo nakumakhoba elayisi. Amayeza okubulala izinambuzane awokwenziwa nawokubulala ukhula awasetshenziswa. IFenggang iyisifunda sokuqala ngokuthunyelwa kwetiye esifundazweni saseGuizhou, inamabhizinisi ayi-15 anesitifiketi sokulima okuphilayo namabhizinisi angama-26 anesitifiketi se-HACCP.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Maodong Hong Cha kulandela inqubo yakudala yetiye elibomvu enezici zesifunda okuhloswe ngazo ukuthola iphrofayili elula, enuka kamnandi:

Ukubunisa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Okuhlanganisiwe — kuqala elangeni ngaphansi kwendwangu enomthunzi (shai qing, 晒青, shài qīng) amahora ama-2–3, bese kuba semthunzini kumathala e-bamboo (yin weidiao, 阴萎凋, yīn wěidiāo). Isikhathi esiphelele — amahora ayi-10–14. Inhloso — ukwehlisa umswakama weqabunga ufike kuma-60–65% kanye nokuqala kwezinguquko eziphilayo ze-biochemical: ukwenziwa kusebenze kwama-enzyme, ukuhlukaniswa ngokwengxenye kwamaprotheni kanye nokuqala kokwakheka kwezinto ezandulela iphunga.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukusongwa ngomshini kuma-roller imizuzu engama-30–40. Isici saleli tiye — ukwakheka kwama-beads aminyene noma ama-granules (珠形, zhūxíng) esikhundleni sokuba izintambo ezisongekile. Lolu hlobo luqinisekisa ukugcinwa kangcono kwamafutha abalulekile kanye nokukhululwa okulinganayo kokunambitha lapho liphekelwa.
Ukuvutshelwa / Ukungenisa umoya (oxidation) (发酵, fājiào): Amaqabunga asongwe abekwa ezindlini ezikhethekile ezinezimo ezilawulwayo: izinga lokushisa elingu-25–30°C, umswakama cishe u-95%. Ukungenisa umoya kwenzeka phakathi namahora ama-3–5 futhi kuyekwa lapho kufinyelelwa izinga lika-70–80% — okuphawuleka ukuthi kungaphansi kunalamanye amatiye abomvu (okuvamise ukuba ngu-85–95%). Yilesi simo esibangela iphrofayili elula, enezimbali ngaphandle kokunambitheka okuqhamile kwemali (malt).
Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān): Kwenziwa ngezigaba eziningana ngamazinga okushisa ahlukene: ukoma kokuqala ku-100–110°C ukuze kumiswe ukungenisa umoya, bese kuba okokugcina ku-60–70°C ukulungisa iphunga nokwehlisa umswakama ufinyelele ku-3–5 %.
Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Itiye eseliphelile lihlungwa ngosayizi, umumo kanye nekhwalithi yama-granules. Kukhethwa amabhola aphelele, asongwe ngokulinganayo angenalo uthuli namacezu amaqabunga.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amabhola amancane aminyene, asongwe ngobunono amnyama ngokunsundu, acishe abe mnyama ngombala onekhazimuzi yethusi noma esagolide evela emahlumeleni. Usayizi wama-granules — ububanzi obungu-4–6 mm.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Liyinkimbinkimbi futhi linezigaba eziningi. Kunamaphunga ama-citrus agqamile (bergamot, pomelo), izinhlaka zezimbali (jasmine, osmanthus), ubumnandi obuncane (jinja, ikhinamoni) kanye nezinto eziyizinambuzane (amangisi).
Iphunga lokuphuza: Eliqhakazile, elisha, eliyi-citrus ne-nezimbali, elinezinto ezisakhasayo ze-caramel, izithelo noju. Lapho liphola, izinhlaka ezinoshukela ziyakhula.
Ukunambitha: Okuthambile, okubushelelezi, okunokwakheka okufana nokhilimu nomzimba olula. Kunokunambitheka okuyiswekile okusawolintshi, okuhambisana nobumnandi obuthambile bezithelo. Akukho kuhwamuka okushubile, akukho kubaba futhi akukho kunambitheka kwemali okuvamile kumatiye abomvu amaningi. Ukunambitheka ngemva kokugwinya kuhlala isikhathi eside, kunoshukela, kuyaqabulula, kunemixhantela yamaminerali — umthelela womhlabathi one-zinc ne-selenium.
Umbala wokuphuza: Okukhanyayo, okusobala, okusagolide ngombala we-amber. Kukhanya kakhulu kunamanye amatiye abomvu, okubonisa izinga eliphansi lokungenisa umoya.
Iqabunga (iqabunga elithelisiwe): Amaqabunga afakwe umbala ngokulinganayo, athambile futhi anwebekayo anombala we-copper-brown, agcina ukuma kwawo kahle. Lapho ama-granules evuleka ngokuphelele, amahlumela aphelele namacembe amabili abonakala ngokucacile.

7. Ulwakhiwo Lwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol: Ingqikithi — cishe i-15–20% (ephansi kunamanye amatiye abomvu ane-oxidation ephezulu). Kubandakanya ama-theaflavin (abangela ukukhanya kokuphuza nomphumela wokuvuselela) nama-thearubigin (anikeza ukujula kombala nobumnene). Ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lokungenisa umoya, kugcinwa ingxenye ebalulekile yama-catechin asalayo, kuhlanganise ne-EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate).
Ama-Amino Acid: Ingqikithi ephezulu ye-L-theanine (ifinyelela ku-2–3% kwenani elomile), okuyinto evamile kumatiye asezintabeni anokukhula okuhamba kancane kweqabunga. I-L-theanine inika itiye ubumnandi obuphawulekayo futhi inomphumela omnene wokuphumula.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — ingqikithi ephakathi nendawo, cishe i-2–3% kwenani elomile. I-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani ancane.
Amafutha Abalulekile: Acebile ngezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinuka kamnandi — ama-terpene nama-terpenoid: i-linalool (izinhlaka zezimbali), i-α-terpineol (izinkalo zama-lilac), i-citronellol ne-geraniol (izinhlaka zama-citrus nezama-rose), i-nerol (izinhlaka zezithelo). Yilokhu okuhlangene okwakha isikhwama se-citrus nezimbali esiyisici.
Amavithamini: C (okugcinwe ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokucubungula okunobunono), iqembu B (B1, B2, B6), PP (nicotinic acid).
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-manganese, i-fluoride, kanye ne-zinc ne-selenium — umphumela wokwakheka okuyingqayizivele kwamaminerali anemvelo emhlabathini waseFenggang. Ingqikithi ye-selenium etiyeni eseliphelile imvamisa iba phakathi kuka-0.25–2 mg/kg.
Ama-Anthocyanin: Akhona kuzinto ezingavuthiwe (ikakhulukazi emahlumeleni amancane anombala onsomi), agcinwe ngokwengxenye emkhiqizweni oseluphelile.

8. Izinzuzo Eziphusile:

Umphumela omnene wokuvuselela: Ingqikithi ephakathi nendawo ye-caffeine ehlanganiswe nezinga eliphezulu le-L-theanine inika amandla ngaphandle kokuhlaba ngokuphazima — ukugqugquzelwa okuthambile kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugxila kwengqondo.
Ukuvikela i-antioxidant: Ingxubevange yama-polyphenol (ama-theaflavin, ama-catechin asalayo, i-EGCG) ne-selenium inamandla aqinile okulwa nama-oxidants, esiza umzimba ukumelana nokucindezeleka ngenxa ye-oxidation.
Ukusekela isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo: Ama-theaflavin etiye elibomvu asiza ukwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol futhi enze ngcono ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
Ukwenza ngcono ukugaya ukudla: Ingqikithi elinganiselayo ye-tannin inomphumela omnene wokuqinisa, ohlelela ekusebenzeni kahle kwepayipi lokudla.
Ukuphumula nokuqeda ingcindezi: Izinga eliphezulu le-L-theanine lisiza ukukhiqiza ama-alpha waves omsebenzi wobuchopho, kunciphisa izinga lokukhathazeka.
Umphumela wokuqinisa umzimba wonke: I-selenium, i-zinc kanye nengxubevange yamavithamini kusekela amasotsha omzimba nokuqina komzimba jikelele.
Ukunakekela isikhumba: Ama-antioxidant ne-selenium zisiza ukunciphisa izinqubo zokuguga kwesikhumba nokwenza ngcono umbala waso.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: Ukusebenzisana kwe-L-theanine ne-caffeine kuthuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula, inkumbulo embi kanye nekhono lokugxilisa — umphumela oqinisekiswe uchungechunge locwaningo lwe-neurophysiological.

9. Ukuthelela:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C. Amanzi abilayo ngokuphelele bangaqinisa ukunambitha futhi acindezele izinhlaka eziyizimpawu zephunga; amanzi abanda kakhulu ngeke akhulule amandla aphelele ama-granules.
Inani letiye: Amagremu ama-4–5 nge-150 ml yamanzi ngendlela yokuthulula ngokushesha (gongfu cha); amagremu ama-3 nge-200 ml ngendlela yaseYurophu.
Izitsha: Kunconywa i-gaiwan yobumba (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ukuze kwembulwe iphunga ngokuhlanzekile. Kubuye kufaneleke ne-chayi ye-Yixing yodaka olunsomi noma i-chayi yengilazi.
Inqubo (indlela yokuthulula):
1. Tshisa izitsha ngamanzi abilayo, khipha amanzi.
2. Thela itiye elomile ku-gaiwan oselushisile, vala ngesivalo uphefumule iphunga leqabunga elishisisiwe.
3. Ukuhlamba (润茶, rùnchá): Thela amanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha ngokushesha — lokhu “kuvusa” ama-granules asongeke aqine.
4. Ukuthulula kokuqala: Thela amanzi anezinga lokushisa 90–95°C, akuvumele kuhlale imizuzwana eyi-15–20.
5. Ukuthulula okulandelayo: Kancane kancane khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5–10 ngokuthulula ngakunye.
6. Itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuphindisela okugcwele oku-5–7, kancane kancane kwembule izinhlaka ezintsha zokunambitha njengoba ama-granules aqine evuleka.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugcina ubusha nephunga le-Maodong Hong Cha kufanele kugcinwe esitsheni esivalekayo, esingabonisi ukukhanya — umgqomo wobumba noma wamathini onesivalo esiqinile, noma emasakeni e-foil anesisithethi. Kugcinwe endaweni eyomile, ebandayo hhayi ngaphezu kuka-25 °C, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye namaphunga aqinile angaphandle (izinongo, ikhofi, amakhemikhali asendlini). Kuvunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhipha umswakama ze-silica gel ngaphakathi kwesitsha. Isikhathi esihle sokusetshenziswa — izinyanga eziyi-18–24 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqiza. Ngokungafani namatiye aluhlaza, ukugcinwa esiqandisini akudingekile, kodwa akunconywa ukugcina itiye eduze kwemithombo yokushisa (ama-heater, isitofu). Ukusongeka okuqinile okungama-granule kuyisici esengeziwe sokuvikela: kunciphisa ukuthintana kweqabunga nomoya futhi kwelule isikhathi sokugcinwa kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi.

11. Intengo Nokukopishwa:

Isigaba sentengo: I-Maodong Hong Cha ingeyesigaba esiphakathi nesiphezulu sentengo kumatiye abomvu aseShayina. Intengo incike ekwalusweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe (isilinganiso samahlumela, isikhathi sokuvuna), ukuba khona kwesitifiketi sokulima okuphilayo nomkhiqizi othile. Emakethe yangaphakathi yaseShayina intengo icishe ibe phakathi kwama-yuan angama-300–800 ngamagremu angama-500 kumagreyidi ajwayelekile futhi ingaphezulu kumaqoqo aphezulu okwenyuvesi. Ngaphandle kweShayina itiye alitholakali kakhulu, okwenza intengo yalo inyuke.
Indlela yokugwema okukopishwayo:
- Thenga itiye kubathengisi abakhethekile abanomlando oqinisekisiwe, okungcono uma kukhonjiswe ukuthi lavela esifundeni saseFenggang.
- Qaphela umumo — i-Maodong Hong Cha yona uqobo inokwakheka okuyi-granulated (珠形) okuyisici, hhayi ukusongeka njengezintambo.
- Linganisa iphunga leqabunga elomile — kufanele kube nezinhlaka eziqhamile ze-citrus nezimbali, ezingejwayelekile kumatiye abomvu amaningi.
- Hlola umphuzo — umbala ogqamile osagolide njenge-amber (hhayi obomvu omnyama), ukunambitha okumnandi okuthambile okungenakunambitheka kwemali noma ukuhwamuka okuqinile.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo yetiye okuthiwa yitiye elibomvu laseGuizhou eliphilayo — yisizathu sokuqaphela.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Isifunda saseFenggang sidume ngokutholakala komgebhe “Qianyuizhi” (黔羽枝, Qiányǔzhī) — esinye sezitshalo ezisemhlabeni zasendulo ezineminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-428 ubudala. Lokhu kutholakala kubizwa ngenkondlo ngokuthi “ukukhala kokuqala okuluhlaza koMhlaba,” okuxhumanisa ngokomqondo ubudala bokuphila emhlabathini waseFenggang nodumo lwawo lwanamuhla lwetiye.
I-Guizhou iyona kuphela isifundazwe eShayina esihlanganisa zonke izimo ezinhlanu ezifanele zokutshala itiye: ukuphakama okuphezulu, i-latitude ephansi, ukukhanya komhlaba okuncane, ukugcwala kwenkungu kanye nokungabikho kokungcola embonini.
Iphrofayili elula, eyi-citrus ye-Maodong Hong Cha engajwayelekile etiyeni elibomvu iyenza ikhange nakubathandi betiye eliluhlaza, abavamise ukukugwema amatiye abomvu ngenxa yokuqina kwawo nokuhwamuka.
IFenggang iyindawo ehamba phambili ngokuthumela itiye esifundazweni saseGuizhou — ngo-2023 inani lokuthunyelwa kwetiye kwesinye isifunda lalicishe libe ingxenye yenani lesifundazwe sonke.
Ubuchwepheshe bokusonga bube ngama-granules (珠形) buvumela itiye ukuba ligcine ubusha isikhathi eside lapho ligcinwa futhi linikeza amathuba okuphindisela okugcwele aze afike ku-7 ngesikhathi esisodwa sokunambitha.
Isiqubulo sesifunda saseFenggang sithi — “Empumalanga i-Longjing, entshonalanga i-Fenggang” (东有龙井·西有凤冈), okugcizelela izifiso zabalimi bendawo kanye nokukhomba itiye elidume kakhulu laseShayina eliluhlaza.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye amatiye abomvu:

Dian Hong (滇红, Diānhóng) — i-Yunnan: Ikhiqizwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Iphawuleka ngephrofayili eqhamile yemali noju, umzimba osindayo kanye nomphuzo obomvu we-orange ogcwele. I-Maodong Hong Cha iwukuphikisana ngokuphelele nayo: ilula, iyi-citrus, ayinakunambitheka kwemali.
Qi Men Hong Cha (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá) — i-Anhui: Idume ngokuhlobana okuyinkimbinkimbi okunezinhlaka zama-orchid, amapulangwe kanye nezinto ezincane zentuthu (okuthiwa “iphunga laseQimen”). Inokuhwamuka okuningi futhi igcwele kunambitheka kune-Maodong. Womabili amatiye aqhamuka kuzinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amancane, kodwa iziphrofayili zehluke ngokuphelele.
Zunyi Hong (遵义红, Zūnyì Hóng) — i-Guizhou: “Ongowesifunda” osondele kakhulu ovela esifundeni esifanayo saseZunyi, kodwa uvame ukukhiqizwa ezindaweni zaseMeitan naseYuqing ngobuchwepheshe obuvamile. I-Zunyi Hong ngokuvamile inokunambitheka okugcwele okunamafutha, kanti i-Maodong Hong Cha ithambekele ekubeni lula nokusha.
Jin Jun Mei (金骏眉, Jīn Jùn Méi) — i-Fujian: Itiye elibomvu laseFujian elisezingeni eliphezulu elenziwe ngamahlumela, elinephunga eliqhakazile lezimbali noju nokunambitheka okunoshukela. Liseduze ne-Maodong ngobumnandi nokungabi bikho kokuhwamuka, kodwa libiza kakhulu futhi likhiqizwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezahlukile.

Isiphetho

I-Guizhou Maodong Hong Cha itiye elibomvu eliphula izinkolelo eziyimfundiso mayelana “netiye elimnyama.” Lapho ulindele ukuthola ukuqina, ukunambitheka kwemali kanye nomphuzo obomvu omnyama we-ruby, uthola okulula, ukusha kwe-citrus kanye negolide le-amber enkomishini. Yazalwa emhlabathini wasendulo we-karst waseFenggang, otheliswe nge-zinc ne-selenium, leli tiye liphethe ubumsulwa benkungu yezintaba eziphakeme nobumnene bomsebenzi wezandla. I-Maodong Hong Cha iwukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kulabo abafuna okuhlukile kumatiye abomvu ajwayelekile anobunzima bawo, kanye nakubathandi betiye oluhlaza abalungele ukuthola umhlaba wamaqabunga avutshiwe, ngaphandle kokudela ubuhle nokusha.