Guìzhōu Léigōngshān Chá

Guìzhōu Léigōngshān Chá (贵州雷公山茶, Guìzhōu léigōngshān chá) yibizo elihlangene lamatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni aphakeme akhiqizwa emithambekeni yeNtaba iLéigōngshān nasezindaweni ezizungezile zesifunda saseLéishān esifundazweni saseGuìzhōu. Lawa matiye ahlanganiswa yindawo enenkungu yezintaba yesiqiwu sikazwelonke semvelo, iphrofayili elula yama-amino acid kanye nesimo esihlanzekile, ‘esicwebile’ somhluzi, okukhombisa isithunzi semvelo sesinye sezifunda zokutshala itiye ezingakathintwa kakhulu imboni eChina.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nokudabuka:

Ithayiphu: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — elingavutshelwanga, izinga lokufakelwa komoyambili lingaphansi kuka-5 %. Ukuvala ama-enzyme ngokushisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza lezintaba eziphakeme lezindawo ezingcolile eGuizhou; umkhiqizo kawonkewonke othiwa ‘Léigōngshān Chá’ (雷公山茶) uhlanganisa imikhiqizo embalwa — iLéigōngshān Qīngmíng Chá (雷公山清明茶, Léigōngshān Qīngmíng Chá), iLéishān Yínqiú Chá (雷山银球茶, Léishān Yínqiú Chá — itiye eliyinhlamvu eligunyazwe ukudabuka kwendawo) kanye namanye amaningi. Esifundazweni saseGuizhou, iLéigōngshān Chá ingena phakathi kweshumi lamatiye aluhlaza adumile kanye neDūyún Máo Jiān (都匀毛尖) kanye neMéitán Cuì Yá (湄潭翠芽).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), isifunda esizimele saseQiándōngnán-Miáo-Dòng (黔东南苗族侗族自治州, Qiándōngnán Miáozú Dòngzú Zìzhìzhōu), isifunda saseLéishān (雷山县, Léishān Xiàn). Amasimu atshaliwe asemithambekeni nasezigodini zezintaba zaseLéigōngshān (雷公山, Léigōngshān) — isiqongo esikhulu sezintaba zaseMiáolǐng (苗岭, Miáolǐng), okuyintaba enkulu kunazo zonke eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Guizhou.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: ≈ 26.4° N, 108.2° E (isifunda saseLéishān; amasimu asakazeke endaweni ephakeme eyi-900–1 400 m kuso sonke isifunda).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Indawo yaseLéishān inesiko elide, nakuba lingabhaliwe kahle, lokutshala itiye. Ngokwe ‘Reishān Xiàn Zhì’ (《雷山县志》), kusukela ngesikhathi se-Qing, kwase kunezingadi zetiye kule ndawo, kodwa ngenxa yokungafinyeleleki kwendawo yezintaba, amasimu amaningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayekwa. Ukuthuthukiswa okuhleliwe kokutshala itiye kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1970, lapho iziphathimandla zesifunda zaqala ukuvuselela nokwandisa izindawo zokutshala itiye ngobukhulu.

Izingqophamlando yaba unyaka ka-1980: isisebenzi sekomidi lesayensi nobuchwepheshe lesifunda u-Mao Kexi (毛克翕, Máo Kèxǔ) wazinikela ngokuzithandela waya emzaneni wezintaba waseJuésàn (觉散, Juésàn) endaweni yaseDānjiāng Zhèn (丹江镇, Dānjiāng Zhèn), lapho eminyakeni emibili avuselela khona ama-500 mu (≈ 33 ha) amasimu etiye alahliwe futhi watshala ama-200 mu amasha. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlola, uMao Kexi wathola ukuthi amahlumela asentwasahlobo avela endaweni ephakeme eyi-1 200–1 400 m anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-pectin yemvelo, okuvumela ukubunjwa kweqabunga libe yimihlamvu eminyene ngaphandle kweglue nezithasiselo. Ngo-1988 wethula i-‘Yínqiú Chá (银球茶, Yínqiú Chá — ‘Inhlamvu Yesiliva’), eyathola indondo yegolide embukisweni wokuqala kazwelonke wokudla, kwathi ngo-1991 — ilungelo lobunikazi likahulumeni lobuchwepheshe obuhlukile bokubumba.

Ekhulwini lama-21, umnotho wetiye waseLéishān waba umkhakha oyinhloko wesifunda: ngo-2024 indawo yamasimu yadlula ama-16 wanfumu (≈ 10 870 ha), umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke wafinyelela cishe kumathani angu-6 580, inani eliphelele lomkhiqizo ladlula ama-11.6 wamabhiliyoni ama-yuan. IYínqiú Chá ne-Qīngmíng Chá iminyaka eminingi bethunyelwa njengetiye lokusebenza ezikhungweni zikahulumeni eziphakeme ze-PRC; iYínqiú Chá iphinde yasebenza njengetiye lesipho elisemthethweni le-Ministry of Foreign Affairs ye-PRC. Ngo-2015, ibanga elikhethekile le-Yínqiú Chá lathola isiqu esithi ‘Inkosi Yetiye’ (茶王, chá wáng) emqhudelwaneni wokuqala wasentwasahlobo wetiye eGuizhou. Ngo-2023, iLéishān Yínqiú Chá yangena kuhlu lukazwelonke ‘Lwemikhiqizo Yasendaweni’ (土特产, tǔtèchǎn).
Igama:
- 贵州 (Guìzhōu) — isifundazwe saseGuizhou.
- 雷公山 (Léigōngshān) — ngokwezwi nezwi ‘Intaba kaNkulunkulu Wokuduma’: 雷公 (Léigōng) — uLei Gong, unkulunkulu wokuduma ezinganekwaneni zaseShayina; 山 (shān) — intaba. Igama lendawo elinomsindo wezinganekwane, elidala isithombe sesiqongo esikhulu, esimbozwe ngamafu.
- 茶 (chá) — itiye.
Ngokuhambisana neYínqiú Chá, kwathuthukiswa nohlu lweLéigōngshān Qīngmíng Chá — itiye eliluhlaza elinamacembe, elenziwa ngobuchwepheshe bakudala kusukela ezintweni zokuqala zasentwasahlobo. Yomibili le mikhiqizo yaba imikhiqizo yomphakathi yesifunda, okwathi ngeminyaka yawo-2010 yamukelwa uchungechunge lwamazinga endawo (《雷公山银球茶、清明茶综合标准体系》). Njalo ngonyaka isifunda sitshala imali engaba yizigidi ezi-3 zama-yuan ekuxhaseni ukuthengwa kwamaqabunga amasha kanye nokwenza ngcono izindawo zokukhiqiza. I-Guizhou iyonkana ibheka amatiye aluhlaza aseLéigōngshān njengesizinda ‘sebhande lohlangothi lwasoLwandle Olumnyama lekhwalithi ephezulu yetiye eliluhlaza lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe’ (黔东优质出口绿茶产业带), eliqondise ezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Isifunda saseLéishān ngesinye sezindawo eziyinhloko zamasiko abantu baseMiao (苗族, Miáozú); lapha kukhona indawo yokuhlala enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yamaMiao — iXījiāng Qiānhù Miáozhài (西江千户苗寨, Xījiāng Qiānhù Miáozhài) — ‘Umuzi Wemindeni Eyinkulungwane WamaMiao eXijiang’, indawo eyigugu lezokuvakasha ebangeni le-AAAA. Itiye kule ndawo — akuyona nje into yezolimo, kodwa ingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke, yokungenisa izihambi emikhosini kanye nokuhwebelana kwezimakethe zamaMiao. Izinhlamvu ezisiliva zeYínqiú Chá, ezifana nezinsimbi ezincane ezisiliva emihlobisweni yendabuko yamaMiao, zibe uphawu lwendlela yokudla nolwamasiko lwesifunda. Itiye lasezintabeni liyisikhumbuzo esidumile sezivakashi ezizindaweni zamasiko nemvelo zaseLéishān.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Esifundeni kunenhlanganisela yezinto zokutshala: izinhlobo zendawo ze-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (izinhlobo eziyizihlahla nezihlahla ezincane, ezijwayele izindawo eziphakeme) kanye nezinhlobo ezilethwayo ezigxile ekuvunweni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuthamba entwasahlobo. Ezigabeni ezithile, kutuswa ukuthi kucaciswe i-cultivar ngomkhiqizi. Isici esihlukile sezinhlobo zezintaba eziphakeme zaseLéigōngshān — izinga eliphezulu le-pectin yemvelo emahlumela amancane, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubunjwa kube yizihlamvu (ku-Yínqiú Chá).
Ukuvuna: Inani eliyinhloko — ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo ngaphambi naseduze komkhosi weQingming (清明, Qīngmíng, ekuqaleni kuka-April). Izintaba eziphakeme zibambezela ukuqala kwezitshalo: amahlumela avela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunasezindaweni eziphansi, kodwa ukukhula okuhamba kancane kunikeza izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid nezinto ezinephunga elimnandi. Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngesandla; ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kuka-90 % wabavuni ngabesifazane abangamaMiao.
Izinga lokuvuna: Ku-Yínqiú Chá namabanga aphezulu e-Qīngmíng Chá — ‘iqabunga elilodwa elicocisayo + iqabunga elilodwa’ (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè) noma ‘iqabunga elilodwa elicocisayo + amaqabunga amabili asanda kuvuleka’ (一芽二叶初展, yī yá èr yè chūzhǎn). Ezigabeni ezinkulu — amaqabunga avuthiwe ngokwengeziwe.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Amaqabunga aphelele, anwebekayo angenazo izibonakaliso zokuphuzi nokuguga; ubungako obufanayo; ukungabikho kwephunga langaphandle (intuthu, uphethiloli, amakha asekhaya).

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Ubume bendawo kanye nesimo sezulu: Intaba iLéigōngshān iyisiqongo esikhulu sezintaba zaseMiáolǐng, ukuphakama okuphezulu — 2 178.8 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Isimo sezulu siyi-subtropical monsoon ephakathi nendawo, ipholile futhi inomswakama: izinga lokushisa lonyaka lika-14–15.6 °C, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-240–282; imvula yaminyaka yonke — 1 250–1 375 mm; umswakama olinganisiwe — cishe u-80 %; ukushiswa kwelanga okuphakathi nendawo — cishe amahora angu-1 136–1 225 (寡日照, ‘ukukhanya okuncane kwelanga’ — ukufihlwa okungokwemvelo ngamafu asezintabeni). Ukukhanya kwelanga okuphansi kanye nokuba khona okukhulu kokukhanya okuhlakazeke — yizona zinto ezisemqoka ezikhiqiza ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid eqabungeni futhi kunciphise ubumuncu obunesihluku.
Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukona: Ibhande lezintaba eliphezulu — 1 200–1 400 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Kungalawo maphakathi okugxile kuwo amasimu amahle kakhulu, kuhlanganisa naseduze komuzi waseJiǎoyáo Cūn (脚尧村, Jiǎoyáo Cūn) — okuyisizinda sokukhiqizwa kweYínqiú Chá.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ene-asidi encane (pH 4–6) enesihlabathi nenhlabathi ephuzi (黄壤, huángrǎng) enesakhiwo esinezinhlamvu; umkhathi ojulile, ovundlile, othambile. Ukuqukethwe kwezinto eziphilayo — 3.47–7.22 %, i-nitrogen — 2.02–3.42 g/kg. Izinsimbi ezisindayo azidluleli amazinga; izinto ezinobuthi azitholakali. Izinsiza zamaminerali ezingaphezulu zincane, okunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa okwenziwa izinto zabantu.
Imvelo: Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yendawo yesifunda saseLéishān iyingxenye ye-National Nature Reserve yaseLéigōngshān (雷公山国家级自然保护区). Ukumbozwa kwezitshalo — 94 %, ukumbozwa kwehlathi — cishe u-72.8 %. Ukungabikho kwezimboni, ukuba seduze kwezindawo eziyisiqiwu kanye nokuma endaweni ephakeme kwenza isithunzi ‘setiye lemvelo’. Nokho, esimweni se-encyclopedia, kufanele kuhlukaniswe ubuchwepheshe bangempela bokulima bomkhiqizi othize (ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwesitifiketi se-organic, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane/umanyolo) kumfanekiso wokumaketha.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ku-Léigōngshān Chá evamile (i-Qīngmíng Chá nokunye okufana nayo) kugqamile isitayela ‘esihlanzekile’ setiye eliluhlaza: ukuvala okuthambile, ukubunjwa ngokucophelela, ukugcinwa kwamanothi amasha.

Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ekuseni kakhulu, ukuvuna ngesandla; ukupholisa ngokushesha nokuletha izinto zokusetshenziswa emkhiqizweni.
Ubuningi (摊放 — tānfàng / 摊晾 — tānliàng): Ukusakaza ngokulinganayo emathileyini oqalo endaweni enomoya; imizuzu engu-30–90 kuye ngesimo sezulu nomswakama wamaqabunga. Inhloso — ukulinganisa umswakama, ukunciphisa kokuqala ‘ukukhala kohlaza’ nokulungiselela ukuvala.
Ukuvala (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukumisa ukufakwa kwe-enzyme. E-Guizhou kutholakala ukuvalwa ngezitsha (锅炒, guōchǎo) kanye nokuvalwa kwezigubhu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kungashiswa kakhulu amaqabunga athambile asezintabeni eziphakeme: ukushisa ngokweqile kunikeza umunyu nokuthile ‘okuthosiweyo’, ukungashisi ngokwanele — ‘ukunambitheka kohlaza okungaphekiwe’.
Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Okulingene, ukunikeza ‘umzimba’ emhluzini ngaphandle kokuphihliza amaqabunga abe yimpushana.
Ukubumba (做形 — zuòxíng): Uma kunesidingo — ukunikeza isimo sokuhweba: umucu oqondile, ukusonteka okugobeke kancane. Ku-Yínqiú Chá — ukusebenza okuyingqayizivele: ukugingqa ngesandla kube yizinhlamvu (搓球, cuōqiú) ezinobubanzi obuyi-18–20 mm kusetshenziswa i-pectin yemvelo; inhlamvu ngayinye inesisindo esingu-2.5 g.
Ukomisa (烘干 — hōnggān): Izigaba: ukomisa kokuqala kanye nokukhomisa kokugcina kuze kube u-5–6 % ozinzile. Ku-Yínqiú Chá kudingeka ukucophelela okukhethekile: inhlamvu kufanele yome ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle ‘komongo ongakaphekwa’ (外干内湿), ngaphandle kwalokho kungenzeka isikhutha.
Ukuhlunga nokupakisha (拣剔 / 包装 — jiǎntī / bāozhuāng): Ukususwa kwezicucu ezimangelengele, ukulawula ukufana kwenqwaba.

6. Izici Zengqondo Nokunambitha:

Ukubukeka kwamaqabunga omile: Imicu esontekile ngokuqinile, ehlanzekile (条索紧结, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié) kusuka kuluhlaza ngokuqhakazile kuya kuluhlaza okotshwala ngokukhazimula okunamafutha (墨绿油润, mòlǜ yóurùn). Ku-Yínqiú Chá — izinhlamvu ezilinganayo zomsuka osagolide-osiliva oluhlaza okotshwala onoboya obuncane.
Iphunga lamaqabunga omile: Okusha, okunotshani nokuqhakaza (清香, qīngxiāng); uma kuvalwa ngokufudumele okwengeziwe — ukunambitheka okuthambile kwembewu noma iphunga lekhestnathi (栗香, lìxiāng).
Iphunga lomhluzi: Ihlanzekile, inomsuka wekhestnathi namaphimbo aphakeme okuqhakaza; ku-Yínqiú Chá — icinene kakhulu, inothi ‘elithambile lobisi’ nelincane ‘le-pectin’.
Ukunambitheka: Okuthambile, okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), ngokuminyana okumaphakathi (醇厚, chúnhòu). Ubumuncu buvame ukuba bufushane futhi buguquke ‘ubumnandi obubuyelayo’ obude (回甘, huígān) obunomuzwa wokuphola okunamaminerali. Ngenxa yamaqabunga awugqinsi nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezikhishwayo — ukumelana okuhle nokuphindaphinda ukulungiswa kwamanzi (耐冲泡, nài chōngpào).
Umbala womhluzi: Kusuka kuluhlaza okhanyayo nogolide ophuzi kuya kokuluhlaza okuphuzi (黄绿明亮, huánglǜ míngliàng); ocwaseleyo nohlanzekile.
Amacembe etiye angaphansi (amaqabunga aselungisiwe): Amaqabunga athambile, aphelele — aluhlaza ngokuqhakazile, amasha, anwebekayo; ubungako obufanayo. Ku-Yínqiú Chá — inhlamvu ‘iyavuleka’ ngokuhamba kancane futhi ngokubabazekayo engilazini, ‘kuhle kweqabunga le-lotus’ (宛若荷苞初绽).

7. Ubunjalo Bamakhemikhali:

Iphrofayili ejwayelekile yetiye eliluhlaza lasezintabeni eziphakeme, egcizelela ukuthamba kwama-amino acid kanye nokunotha kwemisakhi emincane.

Ama-polyphenol etiye (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuyinhloko — ama-catechin, kuhlanganisa ne-EGCG; ukuqukethwe kwehlukahluka ngobungako nangesizini.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine okubangelwa ukukhula okuhamba kancane ngaphansi kwezimo ‘zokukhanya okuncane kwelanga’ nokubanda kwezintaba eziphakeme. I-theanine yiyo ebhekene nokuthamba okubonakalayo kwezinzwa kanye nobumnandi ‘obufana nomhluzi’ bomhluzi.
I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn): Ukuqukethwe okulingene; ngokuhlangana ne-theanine kuhlinzeka ukucasuka okuhamba kahle.
Izinto ze-pectin (果胶质, guǒjiāo zhì): Ukuqukethwe okungajwayelekile okuphezulu emahlumela asentwasahlobo asebhandeni eliphakeme elingu-1 200–1 400 m — isici esiyinhloko esivumela ukubunjwa kweYínqiú Chá kube yizinhlamvu eziminyene ngaphandle kwezinto zokuhlanganisa ezingezona ezemvelo.
Imisakhi emincane: Isici esihlukile — ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium: ngokohlaziyo lwedatha, ku-Yínqiú Chá — 2.00–2.02 µg/g, okuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-15 kunesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza. Kuyaphawuleka nokuba khona kwe-zinc nezinye izakhi zamaminerali.
Amavithamini: C, B₁, B₂, E — isethi ejwayelekile yamatiye aluhlaza; imvelaphi yasezintabeni eziphakeme inesandla ekugcineni kwevithamini C.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Ukuvikelwa okulwa nokuhwamuka: Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin) alwa nezinsalela ezilimazayo, asekele impilo yamangqamuzana.
Ukucasuka okuthambile: I-caffeine isebenzisana ne-L-theanine — ukuphapha ngaphandle kokukhathazeka, ukuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo nokunaka.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ngokwesiko itiye eliluhlaza liphuzwa ngemva kokudla ukwenza lula ukugayeka.
Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol asiza ekugcineni ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi kanye namazinga evamile e-cholesterol.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine ikhuthaza amagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, inikezele ekuthuleni ekugxiliseni ingqondo.
Ukusekelwa kwemisakhi emincane (i-selenium): Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium — okuyisilekeleli somsebenzi wokulwa nokuhwamuka, okubalulekile emasotsha omzimba kanye nomsebenzi wendlala yomqala.
Ngokwesikhumba nokuguga: Izakhiwo zokulwa nokuhwamuka zama-catechin zinesandla ekuvikeleni isikhumba ekugugeni okuvela elangeni nasekugcineni umqondo waso.
Ukulawula ukugayeka komsoco: Itiye eliluhlaza ngokwesiko lihlotshaniswa nomthelela omncane emgudwini wamafutha nama-carbohydrate; imininingwane yocwaningo lwangaphambi kwezokwelapha ikhombisa amandla ama-catechin okukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kokushisa.

Inothi: Lokhu kungumkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi. Ukuchithwa okunamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesisindo esikhulu kungacasula isisu kubantu abazwelayo. Akunconywa ukuphuzwa ngesisu esingenalutho. Uma unezinkinga zokulala — khawulela ukudla emini ingane.

9. Ukungenisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–80 °C. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu likhulisa ubumuncu futhi ‘lifihle’ ubumnandi obupholile be-amino acid beqabunga lasezintabeni eziphakeme.
Isilinganiso setiye: 3–4 g ku-150 ml (ingilazi noma i-gaiwan). Ku-Yínqiú Chá — inhlamvu engu-1 (≈ 2.5 g) ku-150–200 ml.
Izitsha: Ingilazi ecwengileyo ecacile (玻璃杯) — yokujabulela ukubuka ‘ukuvuleka’ kwenhlamvu; i-gaiwan ye-porcelain (盖碗) — yokwembula ngokuphelele iphunga elimnandi.
Inqubo (isitayela se-gongfu, ngokuchithwa):
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha.
2. Ukugalela itiye: 4–6 g ku-100 ml.
3. Ukuhlambulula: ngokuvamile akudingeki; uma itiye ‘linothuli’ — ukuchitha okusheshayo imizuzwana engu-2.
4. Ukuchitha kokuqala: 10–20 imizuzwana ku-75–80 °C.
5. Ukukhipha. Hlola ukucwenga nombala womhluzi.
6. Ukwenza kabusha: 5–8 ukuchithwa nokwandisa kancane kancane isikhathi.
Ukungenela (isitayela saseYurophu):
- 2–3 g ku-250 ml, 75–80 °C, 2–3 imizuzu.
Iseluleko: Uma itiye liba munyu — yehlisa izinga lokushisa futhi unciphise isisindo, kunokuba ‘ugxeke itiye’. Amatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eziphakeme e-Guizhou avame ukwembula kangcono emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-80 °C — ngaleyo ndlela kugcina ‘ukucwenga okunoshukela’.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakisha okuvaleke kahle, okungabonisi ngaphakathi; indawo eyomile, enomnyama engenawo amakha angaphandle.
Okungcono kakhulu — efrijini (0–5 °C) ngokuvalwa okuphelele, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni ezithambile zasentwasahlobo.
Isikhathi esiphezulu sokusha — izinyanga eziyi-6–12 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqizwa (uma kungenayo ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum noma kwe-inert).
Ngemva kokuvula — kufanele kusetshenziswe phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-1–2.
Ku-Yínqiú Chá, ukoma okulinganayo kubalulekile: uma ukuvalwa kungaphazamiseka izinhlamvu zingamunca umswakama futhi zalahlekelwa isimo.

11. Intengo Kanye Namampunge:

Intengo: Inqunywa ukuphakama kwensimu, isikhathi sokuvuna (iziqephu zangaphambi kwe-Qingming ziyabiza kakhulu), ingxenye yamaqabunga ayizimbali kanye nesithunzi somkhiqizi othize. IYínqiú Chá ingumkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu onokubunjwa ngesandla okunzima, ngakho-ke ibiza kakhulu kune-Léigōngshān Chá evamile yamaqabunga. Iziqephu ezinkulu ze-‘Qīngmíng Chá’ zithengeka kalula.
Amampunge ajwayelekile: Ukushintsha izinto zokusetshenziswa: itiye eliluhlaza elishibhile elivela ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane noma ngisho nakwezinye izifundazwe, elithengiswa ngaphansi kwegama ‘Léigōngshān’. Ku-Yínqiú Chá — imizamo yokulingisa isimo sezinhlamvu kusuka ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zekhwalithi ephansi ezine-pectin enganele (izinhlamvu ziyahlakazeka lapho kungeniswa amanzi).
Ungawagwema kanjani amampunge:
- Funa okucacile: igama lesifunda/umuzi/inhlangano yokusebenzisana/yebhizinisi ekupakishini.
- Hlola ukuphelela kweqabunga nobuhlanzeko bephunga: i-Léigōngshān Chá yangempela — ayinawo amanothi ‘okufaka amakha’ noma ‘amakhemikhali’.
- Ku-Yínqiú Chá: inhlamvu kufanele ibe mnene, ilingane, ingahlakazeki ngokucindezelwa okuncane; lapho kungeniswa amanzi — kufanele ivuleke ngokuhamba kancane, hhayi ihlakazeke ngokushesha.
- Khetha iziqephu ezinokukhonjiswa kwesizini nosuku lokukhiqiza.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iwuphawu lomampunge ongaba khona.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

IYínqiú Chá — iyona kuphela itiye eliluhlaza emhlabeni elisesimweni senhlamvu, elisebenzisa i-pectin yemvelo yeqabunga kuphela ukuhlanganisa. Lobu buchwepheshe bunelungelo lobunikazi (ilungelo lobunikazi likahulumeni le-PRC, ngo-1991).
Igama elithi ‘Yínqiú’ (银球, ‘inhlamvu yesiliva’) likhethwe ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili: izinhlamvu zifana nezinsimbi ezincane ezisiliva emihlobisweni yamaMiao, futhi ngonyaka wokudalwa kwetiye (1988) i-China yabungaza ukunqoba okuqhubekayo kwe-Olimpiki kuthenisi yasetafuleni — futhi ‘ibhola’ (球, qiú) laba uphawu lwenhlanhla.
I-Léigōngshān — ‘Intaba KaNkulunkulu Wokuduma’ — akuyona nje indawo yetiye: iyisiqiwu esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Guizhou esinamahlathi asendulo nezilwane eziyingqayizivele. Inkungu yezintaba eziphakeme, edala ‘ukuthamba’ kweqabunga letiye, iyona nto eyenza i-Léigōngshān ibe sesinye sezindawo ezinenkungu enkulu eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-China.
Ukuqukethwe kwe-selenium ku-Yínqiú Chá (cishe 2 µg/g) — kungenye yokuphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza ase-China, okuchazwa yizici zenhlabathi yezintaba zaseLéishān.
Njalo ngonyaka, abantu ababalelwa ku-270,000 baphuma bayovuna itiye esifundeni saseLéishān; ngaphezu kuka-90 % wabavuni ngabesifazane abangamaMiao. Imboni yetiye ibe umthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo yabahlali bendawo abangu-78,000, inikeze isengezo semali engenayo esibalelwa cishe ku-3 500 yuan umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-itiye aluhlaza ase-Guizhou naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-China:

UDūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elidume kakhulu e-Guizhou, elinye ‘Lamatiye Amakhulu Ayishumi ase-China’. Lidabuka eningizimu, endaweni yase-Duyun. Iphrofayili ‘yakudala’ kakhudlwana: uboya obugqamile, ukusha okubukhali, ukunambitheka okuncane. I-Léigōngshān Chá, njengomthetho, ithambe kakhulu futhi ‘icwebile’, igcizelela ubumnandi be-amino acid.
UMéitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuìyá): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela enyakatho ye-Guizhou (esifundeni saseZunyi). ‘Linembewu’ kakhudlwana futhi licinene; ngobuchwepheshe lisondele ku-Lóngjǐng. I-Léigōngshān Chá — inezinga eliphezulu ngokwesimo futhi ‘iqhakaza kakhudlwana — inotshani’ ngokwenhlanganisela yephunga.
UĒnshī Yùlù (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye eliluhlaza eliphekiwe elivela esifundazweni esingumakhelwane sase-Hubei. Inhlangano efanayo ‘yokuthamba’, kodwa iphrofayili ehluke ngokuphelele yobuchwepheshe: ukuvala ngesitimu kunikeza ukunambitheka ‘okwasolwandle’ okuqhakazile namanothi e-umami, kuyilapho i-Léigōngshān Chá — ithosiwe, inesimo seqabunga-namakhestnathi.
Amatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni zaseYunnan (滇绿, Diānlǜ): Amatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eziphakeme zaseYunnan athathwe eqabungeni var. assamica avame ukuba mnene kakhulu, ‘amakhambi’ amaningi futhi anokunambitheka okugqamile. I-Léigōngshān Chá evela var. sinensis — ilula, icwebile, inomzimba othambile.

Ngokuphetha:

IGuìzhōu Léigōngshān Chá ingumnikelo oqondakalayo futhi owamukelekayo emhlabeni wamatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-China. Ayimdingi umnambithi ukuba ‘ajwayelane’ nobumuncu futhi ayimcindezeli ngobunzima: amandla ayo asekuhlanzekeni, ebumnandini obupholile be-amino acid, ephunga elihuqayo eliphonge kanye nomuzwa wokuphola wasezintabeni. Zama ukuyifaka emanzini apholile kancane kunokujwayelekile — ku-75 °C noma ngisho nangaphansi — futhi itiye lizokhombisa ubuhle obuyinhloko ‘beNtaba KaNkulunkulu Wokuduma’: ubuncane, ukucwenga kanye nobumnandi obude, obunamaminerali ‘obubuyelayo’, njengomsi wenkungu phezu kwemithambeka eluhlaza engapheli yaseMiáolǐng.