Guìzhōu Ithiyisi Eliwuphuzi

Guìzhōu Ithiyisi Eliwuphuzi yigama elihlanganisa wonke amathiyisi aphuzi akhiqizwa ezintabeni zesifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州省) eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina. Umeleli oyinhloko futhi owaziwa kakhulu yi‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá (海马宫茶, Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá), ekhiqizwa endaweni yaseHaimagong esifundeni saseDafang (大方县, Dàfāng Xiàn). Ngaphandle kwalo, amanye amathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou ahlanganisa i‑“Lǎo Gòng Xiāng” (老贡香, Lǎo Gòng Xiāng) evela emzaneni waseMaodong (茅洞, Máodòng) — itiye elenziwa ngokwalokho okubizwa nge‑“tekhnoloji lasendulo le‑Tang Dynasty” (唐朝古法, Tángcháo gǔfǎ), elinomjovo wesikhathi eside wokuphahla (mèn huáng) ofika ezinsukwini ezingama‑50. Amathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou ahluke kwamanye ama‑huángchá aseShayina ngenxa yokuphahla okuqikelelekayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle okhuni ukuze afudunyezwe, kanye nephunga eliqhamile elinjengamabele.

Isifundazwe saseGuizhou singesinye sezindawo zasendulo zetiye emhlabeni: ngonyaka we‑1980 esifundeni sasePu’an (普安县) kwatholakala ithumba lezimbewu zetiye elineminyaka ecisho ibe yi‑1,64 wezigidi — ubufakazi basemandulo besayensi yezimila bohlobo lwe‑Camellia emhlabeni. U‑Lù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) encwadini yakhe ethi “The Classic of Tea” (《茶经》, ngekhulu lesi‑8) wabhala: “Itheku laseQianzhong… litholakala yonke indawo, futhi linambitheka kamnandi ngempela” (黔中生思州、播州、费州、夷州……往往得之，其味极佳).

1. Isigaba kanye Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliwuphuzi (黄茶, huángchá) — elivutshwe kancane (i‑oksidishini engu‑5–25 %). Isinyathelo esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe — ukuphahla (闷黄, mèn huáng), okunquma isigaba.
Isigaba: Iqembu lesifunda lamathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou. Ngokuhlukaniswa ngobumnene bezinto ezingavuthiwe, litholakala phakathi nendawo: i‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá isondelene ne‑huáng xiǎochá (黄小茶, “itiye elincane eliwuphuzi” — elenziwe ngezihluma namaqabunga ama‑1–2), kanti i‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng, esebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe esezikhulile, isondela ku‑huáng dàchá (黄大茶, “itiye elikhulu eliwuphuzi”). Abanye abahlukanisi babeka “itiye eliwuphuzi lasendulo le‑Tang eliseGuizhou” (贵州唐朝古法黄茶) njengesigaba esiyingxenye esihlukile — ubuchwepheshe bayo buhluke kangaka.
Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), eningizimu‑ntshonalanga yeShayina. Izindawo eziyinhloko: isifunda saseDafang (大方县) esifundeni sedolobha laseBijie (毕节市, Bìjié Shì) — ikhaya le‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá; umzana waseMaodong (茅洞) esifundeni esifanayo — ikhaya le‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng. Ngokwendawo — ingxenye esenyakatho‑ntshonalanga yengwala yaseGuizhou, lapho kuhlangana khona imifula i‑Wujiang (乌江) ne‑Chishui (赤水).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u‑27°07′ N, u‑105°36′ E (indawo yaseHaimagong).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Ngokwesiko:

Umlando:

IGuizhou ingenye “yezindawo okwazalelwa kuzo” impucuko yetiye. Ngesikhathi sakwaTang, u‑Lù Yǔ wayesebeka itiye lase‑“Qianzhong” (黔中, igama lasendulo laseGuizhou) njengelinye lamathiyisi asezingeni eliphezulu e‑China. Ngesikhathi sakwaSong, itiye laseGuizhou lalyingxenye yesistimu ye‑“Chama gudao” (茶马古道, Umgwaqo Wetiye Namahhashi) — lalishintshaniswa ngamahhashi ekuhwebeni komngcele. Ngesikhathi sakwaMing (1368–1644), iGuizhou yaba ngomunye “wamazimboni anesiqinisekiso” (布政司) amahlanu, anikela itiye enkantolo minyaka yonke; inani leminikelo yaseGuizhou lalilesibili ezweni.

Itiye eliwuphuzi njengesigaba sobuchwepheshe esihlukile lasungulwa eGuizhou, ngokulinganiselwa okuhlukahlukene, ngesikhathi sakwaMing — Qing. Ngesikhathi sakwaQing, amathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou athola isikhundla se‑gòngchá (贡茶, “iminikelo yenkantolo”). UMbusi uJiaqing (嘉庆, owabusa 1796–1820) wanikeza umndeni wakwaLi (李) waseMaodong ilungelo lokukhiqiza itiye eliwuphuzi eliya enkantolo — izizukulwane zawo zisaqhubeka nalomsebenzi nanamuhla ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Lǎo Gòng Xiāng” (老贡香, “Iphunga Elimnandi Eliyisipho LaseNkantolo”). I‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá evela endaweni enegama elifanayo esifundeni saseDafang nayo yayiyinxenye yeminikelo yenkantolo, njengoba kufakazelwa imibhalo yendawo.

Ngekhulu lama‑20, ukukhiqizwa kwamathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou, njengama‑huángchá amaningi eShayina, kwehla kakhulu. Ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchwepheshe be‑mèn huáng, inzuzo ephansi, nokulahlekelwa amakhono kwaholela ekuncipheni cishe okuphelele komsebenzi. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo‑2000 ngenxa yokuthakasela amathiyisi angavamile; izinkundla zokusebenza zomndeni eMaodong naseHaimagong zabuyisa amakhono endabuko, zidonsela ukunaka kwabaqoqi nabahwebi abakhethekile.

Igama: 贵州 (Guìzhōu) — igama lesifundazwe, ngokomqondo “isifunda esiyigugu”; 黄茶 (Huángchá) — “itiye eliwuphuzi”. Igama eligcwele — “itiye eliwuphuzi [elivela] eGuizhou”.
Ukubaluleka ngokwesiko: Amathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou angamanye ama‑huángchá angaziwa kancane futhi angavamile eShayina. Ezimeni zokuhlukaniswa ngokwendawo yeGuizhou enezintaba, lapha kugcinwe amakhono asendulo alahleka kwezinye izifundazwe: ukuphahla isikhathi eside (kufika ezinsukwini ezingama‑50) ngokufudumeza ngamalahle okhuni, imijikelezo eminingi ethi “ukuphahla — ukomisa — ukuphahla okusha”. Lokhu kwenza ama‑huángchá aseGuizhou angabi yisiphuzo nje kuphela, kodwa abe yisikhumbuzo esiphilayo somsebenzi wetiye.

3. Incazelo Yezezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis — izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amancane naphakathi nendawo.
Izinhlobo / AmaCultivar: Ngokuyinhloko izinhlobo zendawo ezihlanganisiwe (群体种, qúntǐ zhǒng), ezijwayelane nezimo zezintaba zengxenye esenyakatho‑ntshonalanga yeGuizhou. Kwi‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá kusetshenziswa izihlahla ezinamaqabunga aphakathi nendawo ezinoboya obuningi emahlumela — “uboya obumhlophe emhlane” (背有白毛, bèi yǒu bái máo) kubhekwa njengophawu lwezinga. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe i‑cultivar i‑Xiǎoyè Fúdǐng (小叶福鼎, Xiǎoyè Fúdǐng) — ukhetho lwamaqabunga amancane oluvela eFujian oluphile kahle eGuizhou.
Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo — okuyinhloko. I‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ivunwa ngenkathi ye‑Gǔyǔ (谷雨, “Izimvula Zasebusika”, cishe ngomhlaka‑20 Ephreli); kwi‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng kungenzeka nokuvuna ekwindla. Izinga — isihluma esisodwa neqabunga noma amabili amancane (一芽一二叶). Ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kakhulu — izihluma ezithambile ezinoboya obuningi.
Izidingo kwezinto ezingavuthiwe: Okusha, okuphelele, okungenamonakalo. Kuvunwa ekuseni lapho kubuyele umswakama. Izimpande ezijulile zezinhlobo zendawo ezihlanganisiwe, ezingena enhlabathini enamatshe, zihlinzeka ngokwanda kwamaminerali ezintweni ezingavuthiwe (i‑zinc, i‑selenium).

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:

Isifunda: Ingxenye esenyakatho‑ntshonalanga yengwala yaseGuizhou (黔西北), isifunda saseBijie. Izivande zetiye zisemizaneni esezintabeni ekude okunzima ukufinyelela kuyo ngezokuthutha, okuqhubekisele phambili ukugcinwa kwamakhono endabuko, kodwa kunciphisa ubukhulu bokukhiqiza.
Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: 1000–1500 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Isifunda saseHaimagong — cishe 1200 m; umzana waseMaodong — ~1100–1300 m.
Isimo Sezulu: Isimo sezulu esingaphansi kwetropiki esinezintaba kanye nomoya onamandla ojwayelekile onezindawo ezime mpo ezihlukene. Ithempericha minyaka yonke icishe ibe ngu‑15 °C — ipholile kuneningi lezindawo zetiye eShayina. Imvula minyaka yonke icishe ibe ngu‑1100–1200 mm. Umswakama ocisho ube ngu‑80 %. Inkungu namafu avamile — kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kuka‑200 ngonyaka. Ukushintsha okukhulu kwethempericha phakathi nosuku nobusuku (10–15 °C) kunciphisa ukukhula kwamahlumela futhi kunomthelela ekwandiseni ama‑amino acid, ushukela, nama‑microelement.
Inhlabathi: Impofu, enamatshe, emuncu (pH 4,5–5,5), eyakhiwe ngezimbadala ezihlangene. Inothile nge‑zinc (Zn) ne‑selenium (Se) — isifunda saseBijie siyingxenye “yebhande le‑selenium” laseGuizhou. Ukudonswa kwamanzi okuhle emimangweni yezintaba.
Imvelo: Ukuminyana okuphansi kwabantu, umthwalo omncane wezimboni, ukwanda kwamahlathi. Amasimu amaningi aphathwa ngendlela engokwemvelo — ngaphandle kwezibulala‑zinambuzane, kusetshenziswa isihluzi sezimbewu ezivuthiweyo ezisanda kuvuthwa njengomquba. Amapulazi amaningana anezitifiketi zamazwe ngamazwe zezinto eziphilayo (i‑USDA Organic, i‑EU Organic).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bamathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou buwumsebenzi onesineke futhi omude kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke ama‑huángchá eShayina. Umjikelezo ophelele we‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng “yasendulo” ungathatha kufika ezinsukwini ezingama‑50, lokho okungakwenzeki kwamanye amathiyisi aphuzi (ukuqhathanisa: i‑Jūnshān Yínzhēn — amahora angama‑72, i‑Méngdǐng Huáng Yá — amahora angu‑6–8 emijikeni emithathu).

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile.
Ukufaka isithako (杀青, shā qīng): Ukuthoswa epanini lensimbi elishisayo cishe ku‑300 °C. Okufushane (kufushane kunokwetiye eliluhlaza) — ukuze kunqandwe ama‑enzyme, kodwa kugcinwe umswakama owanele wokuphahla okulandelayo. Isikhathi — imizuzu emi‑2–3.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róu niǎn): Ukusongwa ngesandla okuncane ukuze kutholakale isimo nokukhululwa kwejusi yamaseli. Ukusatshalaliswa komswakama ngokulinganayo — kuyisihluthulelo sokuphuzi okufanayo.
Ukuphahla kwe‑mèn huáng (闷黄, mèn huáng): Isinyathelo esibalulekile, esinquma isigaba setiye eliwuphuzi. Amaqabunga asongwe asemswakanyana asongelwa endwangwini eminyene noma ephepheni elikhethekile futhi ashiywe endaweni elawulwayo yokushisa (~40–50 °C) nomswakama. Kwi‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá ukuphahla kuthatha amahora angu‑8–12 emjikenisweni owodwa noma emibili. Kwi‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng — kufika ezinsukwini ezingama‑50 (.), ngemijikelezo eminingi: ukuphahla → ukoma kancane emalahleni okhuni → ukuphahla okusha. Kulesi sikhathi, ukufudumeza kusetshenziswa amalahle avuthayo ezihlahla zendawo — lokhu kunikeza itiye iphunga elincane lentuthu elihlukile (焦香, jiāo xiāng). Ngesikhathi se‑mèn huáng kwenzeka i‑oksidishini engeyona eye‑enzyme yama‑polyphenol: i‑chlorophyll iphuka kancane futhi iguquke ibe isimo esincishisiwe semethyl (脱镁叶绿素), umbala oluhlaza ushiya kumthala ophuzi; ngesikhathi esifanayo, kukhula okuqukethwe kwama‑amino acid akhululekile nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi eziguquguqukayo.
Ukomisa (烘干, hōng gān): Ukomisa kokugcina ngethempericha ephansi (70–80 °C) ngamalahle okhuni (文火慢炕, wénhuǒ màn kàng — “ukomisa kancane ngomlilo omnene”). Kwi‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá lesi sinyathelo sithatha kuze kufike emahoreni angu‑10–12 — isikhathi eside ngokwezinga lokukhiqizwa kwetiye. Isikhathi esiphelele sokucutshungulwa kwe‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá singaphezu kwamahora angama‑30.

6. Izici Zokuzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amabhitiyi aminyene, agobile futhi axine (紧结卷曲, jǐnjié juǎnqū) anoboya besiliva obonakalayo. Umbala — kusuka ophuzi‑luhlaza kuya obomvu‑oluhlaza okotshani onemithambo egolide. Kwi‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng — umnyama kakhulu, onamathoni obhedu‑likhestanathi.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Liyinkimbinkimbi: limnandi, linamanothi ebitiyana eyobile, ummbila othosiwe, ikhasi lezithelo ezisawolintshi elincane, nezimbali ze‑orchid. Ezinhlotsheni eziphakwe ngamalahle — kunomugqa omnene wentuthu (焦糖香, ithoni ye‑caramel‑intuthu).
Umbala womhluzi: Obonakalayo, kusuka ogolide okhanyayo kuya ku‑amber ogcwele (杏黄, xìng huáng — “ophuzi‑abhirikosi”). Kwi‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng ngemva kokuphahla isikhathi eside — uju ojulile‑amber.
Ukunambitheka: Othambile (醇和, chúnhé), obushelelezi (滑, huá), onamafutha, cishe akukho kumunyu kanye nokuhlaba. Amanothi anoshukela, afana nommbila othosiwe noma imifino emnandi. Ubuncane bezimbiwa — “ukunambitheka kwetshe” (岩韵, yán yùn), okubangelwa inhlabathi enamatshe. Ubumuncu obusha obufana nepheya. Ukunambitheka okulandelayo (回甘, huígān) — okude, okumnandi, nesiphetho “esifana nokusanhlamvu”.
Iqabunga elingaphansi kwetiye: Amaqabunga athambile, anwebekayo ombala ophuzi‑luhlaza, anemibala efanayo. Ukufana kokuphuzi — kuwuphawu lwezinga lwe‑mèn huáng.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Iphrofayili yamakhemikhali yamathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou ibonisa kokubili izici zendawo (inhlabathi enama‑asidi asezintabeni, enothe ngama‑microelement) kanye nomthelela we‑mèn huáng yesikhathi eside:

Ama‑Polyphenol: Okuqukethwe okulingene (~15–20 %). Ngesikhathi sokuphahla, ingxenye yama‑catechin (ikakhulukazi i‑EGCG ne‑ECG) ihamba nge‑oksidishini engeyona eye‑enzyme, okunciphisa ukumunyu nokuhlaba uma kuqhathaniswa netiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifanayo. Ingxubevange yama‑polyphenol ebushelelezi iqinisekisa ubumnene bokunambitheka.
Ama‑Amino Acid: Okuqukethwe okwandisiwe (~3–4 %). I‑L‑theanine iyona ehamba phambili. Isimo sezulu esipholile sezintaba esinokushintsha okukhulu kwethempericha phakathi nosuku nobusuku kanye namafu amade kunomthelela ekwandiseni ama‑amino acid. Isilinganiso se‑phenol‑amino acid (酚氨比, fēn’ān bǐ) — siphansi kunamathiyisi aluhlaza, okuchaza ubumnandi “nokusha” kokunambitheka.
I‑Caffeine: ~2,5–3,5 %. Izinga eliphansi — liphansi kunamathiyisi aluhlaza amaningi.
Ushukela Onyibilikayo: Ukwanda ngenxa yokuphahla isikhathi eside — i‑hydrolysis yamagciwane nengeyona eye‑enzyme kwandisa okuqukethwe kwama‑monosaccharide.
Izimbiwa: Okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kwe‑zinc (Zn), i‑selenium (Se), i‑iron (Fe) — umphumela wezici zezinto eziphilayo zenhlabathi yaseBijie. I‑selenium iyi‑antioxidant yemvelo; ubukhona bayo — obunye ubuhle obuncintisanayo bamathiyisi aseGuizhou.
Imibala: Ngesikhathi se‑mèn huáng i‑chlorophyll inciphisa, yakha ama‑pheophytin (脱镁叶绿素); ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubonakala kwama‑carotenoid kukhula — yingakho kwakheka umbala ophuzi weqabunga nomhluzi.

8. Izakhiwo Ezinempilo:

Umthelela omnene ku‑GI tract: Ngenxa ye‑mèn huáng ende, amathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou athambe kakhulu kunamathiyisi aluhlaza esiswini. Ukuqukethwe okuphansi kwama‑catechin angaguquliwe kunciphisa umthelela okhungathekisayo olwelwesi lwangaphakathi. Ngokwesiko kukholakala ukuthi i‑huángchá “ifudumeza ubende nesisu” (暖脾胃, nuǎn pí wèi).
Ukusekelwa kokugaya ukudla: Ngesikhathi se‑mèn huáng kwakheka ama‑enzyme okugaya, asiza ekuhlukaniseni ukudla. I‑huángchá ngokwesiko inconywa uma kunokuqunjelwa, ubunzima ngemva kokudla, nokwehla kwesifiso sokudla.
Ukuvikela ngama‑antioxidant: Ama‑polyphenol aseleyo + i‑selenium evela enhlabathini — ingxubevange ekabili yama‑antioxidant.
Ukusekelwa kwengqondo: I‑L‑theanine ihlanganiswe ne‑caffeine ephakathi ihlinzeka ngokuhlaziya okuthule nokugxilile.
Ukusekelwa kwenhliziyo nemithambo: Ama‑flavonoid nama‑polyphenol anomthelela ekuphathweni kahle kwephrofayili yamafutha kanye nomfutho wegazi.
Kubalulekile: Ukudla, hhayi umuthi. Uma unozwelo oluphathelene ne‑caffeine — ungaphuzi kusihlwa. Uma une‑gastritis ebuhlungu — qaphela, ngaphandle kokuthambe. 5–8 g ngosuku.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–85 °C. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile azikwazi ukumelana namanzi abilayo — uma izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka‑90 °C kuba nokumunyu okungajwayelekile.
Inani: 4–5 g nge‑150 ml (i‑gongfu); 3 g nge‑200 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
Isitsha: I‑gaiwan yobumba (盖碗) — ifaneleka: ayimunci iphunga, ivumela ukubuka umbala womhluzi. Ingilazi — ukuze ujabulele ukubukwa. Iteapot ye‑Yixing ayinconywa — ubumba olunamazinsa lumunca amaphunga amancane.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi ashisayo. Khulula.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Ukuhlanza — ukuwasha ngokushesha imizuzwana emi‑3–5 (akudingekile ezinhlotsheni eziphakeme kakhulu).
4. Ukuwasha kokuqala — imizuzwana engama‑30–40.
5. Okulandelayo — +10–15 imizuzwana ngakunye.
6. Itiye likwazi ukuphisa izikhathi ezi‑5–7, libonisa ukuguquka kusuka ekuseni okukhanyayo kuya kubumnandi obuthambile.
Isici esikhethekile: Ama‑huángchá aseGuizhou aphakathi kwalawo “akwazi ukumelana nokuphuza isikhathi eside” kunawo wonke amanye amathiyisi aphuzi: ukuphahla isikhathi eside se‑mèn huáng sekuthambe ingxubevange yama‑polyphenol, futhi noma ngabe uthatha umzuzu ugcwele, ukumunyu akuveli.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isiqukathi: Esivalwa ngokuphelele, esingabonakali — izikhwama ezinama‑foil ane‑zip‑lock, amakani obumba, amakani kathayela.
Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle ngu‑0–5 °C (efrijini) kwisiqukathi esivalwa ngokuphelele. Kwi‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng, eye yadlula ekuphahleni isikhathi eside, kuyavunyelwa ukuyigcina ezingeni lokushisa legumbi endaweni eyomile enomnyama — iphrofayili yayo ayinazwelo kangako ku‑oksidishini.
Izitha: Ukukhanya, umswakama, amaphunga angaphandle, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Isikhathi: Esiqukathini esivalwa ngokuphelele esibandayo — kufika ezinyangeni ezi‑18–24. Ngemva kokuvulwa — izinyanga ezi‑1–2. I‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng ene‑mèn huáng ejulile iyakwazi ukuguga okulinganiselwe — ukunambitheka “kuyasongeka” eminyakeni engu‑1–2, kufana nama‑oolong avuthwe kancane.

11. Intengo Nezinto Ezingezona Ezangempela:

I‑Guìzhōu Ithiyisi Eliwuphuzi iyingxenye yemakethe ebizayo ngenxa yobunkimbinkimbi bokukhiqiza (kufika ezinsukwini ezingama‑50 kwi‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng), ukuvuna ngesandla, umthamo omncane, nokungavamile. I‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng yomndeni wakwaLi eyiqiniso — kusuka ku‑75 USD nge‑50 g; amabheji akhethekile — kuze kufike ku‑200+ USD nge‑50 g. I‑Hǎimǎ Gōng Chá — ifinyeleleka kakhulu, kodwa noma kunjalo ibiza kakhulu kunamathiyisi aluhlaza abanzi aseGuizhou.

Ungazigwema kanjani izinto ezingezona ezangempela:
- Thenga kubahlinzeki abathembekile abakhethekile emathiyisini angavamile aseShayina.
- Hlola isimo: i‑huángchá yaseGuizhou eyiqiniso — inoboya obubonakalayo, umbala ophuzi‑luhlaza noma obomvu‑oluhlaza okotshani ofanayo.
- Hlola iphunga: amanothi athile “okusanhlamvu” (ummbila, irayisi) kanye nentuthu encane. Ukungabikho kwala manothi noma iphunga elibuhlungu “elibolile” — uphawu lomgunyathi noma ukugcinwa okungafanele.
- Hlola umhluzi: okhangela, ogolide‑amber, ngaphandle kokufiphalisa.
- Qaphela ukushintshwa ngetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, eligcinwe ngendlela engafanele ukuze linikeze umbala ophuzi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ithiye elenziwe ngamathambo asemhlabeni eGuizhou. Ngonyaka we‑1980 esifundeni sasePu’an (普安县) kwatholakala ithumba lezimbewu zetiye elilitshe elineminyaka ecisho ibe yi‑1,64 wezigidi — ubufakazi basemandulo besayensi yezimila bohlobo lwe‑Camellia emhlabeni. IGuizhou inelungelo lokubizwa nge‑“indawo okwazalelwa kuyo isihlahla setiye”.
Ilungelo lomndeni wakwaLi. UMbusi uJiaqing (嘉庆) wobukhosi bakwaQing wanikeza umndeni wakwaLi waseMaodong ilungelo elikhethekile lokukhiqiza itiye eliwuphuzi eliya enkantolo. Izizukulwane zakwaLi esizukulwaneni sesishiyagalombili nesesishiyagalolunye zisaqhubeka nalomsebenzi, zikhiqiza “Lǎo Gòng Xiāng” — elinye lamathiyisi ambalwa emhlabeni anomlando oqhubekayo womndeni ongaphezu kweminyaka engama‑200.
Ukuphahla kwe‑mèn huáng kwezinsuku ezingama‑50. Ukuphahla kwe‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng kuthatha kuze kufike ezinsukwini ezingama‑50 — lokho kuyirekhodi eliphelele phakathi kwamathiyisi aphuzi emhlabeni. Ukuqhathanisa: i‑Jūnshān Yínzhēn iphahlwa ~amahora angama‑72, i‑Méngdǐng Huáng Yá — amahora angu‑6–8 (imijikezo emithathu), i‑Huǒshān Huáng Yá — izinsuku ezi‑1–2. I‑huángchá yaseGuizhou — “ikhishi elihamba kancane” emhlabeni wetiye.
Amalahle okhuni. Ngokungafani namanye amaningi ama‑huángchá, lapho ukuphahla kwe‑mèn huáng kwenziwa ngokushisa “okusele” okuvela ekufakeni isithako noma emanzini ashisayo, ubuchwepheshe baseGuizhou busebenzisa amalahle okhuni avuthayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa nomswakama — indlela yasendulo, evela esikhathini sangaphambi kwezimboni.
Itiye eline‑selenium. Isifunda saseBijie — siyingxenye “yebhande le‑selenium” laseGuizhou. Itiye elivela kulesi sifunda ngokwemvelo ligcwele i‑selenium (Se) — i‑microelement eyi‑antioxidant. Lokhu kwenza amathiyisi aphuzi aseGuizhou abe ngamanye anothe kakhulu ngamaminerali eShayina.
“Umkhulu ofihlekile.” IGuizhou — “umkhulu ofihlekile” wezolimo zetiye laseShayina: indawo yamasimu etiye esifundazweni ingaphezu kwe‑4,7 wezigidi ze‑mu (~313 000 ha), kuhlanganisa indawo enkulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni eqhubekayo yetiye “Zhōngguó Chá Hǎi” (中国茶海, “Ulwandle Lwetiye LaseShayina”) esifundeni saseMeitan (湄潭县) — ngaphezu kwe‑40 000 mu (~2 670 ha) yendawo yetiye ehlangene.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amathiyisi aphuzi:

Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针, Hunan): Isilinganiso setiye eliwuphuzi “lezihluma” — izihluma ezihlanzekile kuphela, i‑menhuang ~amahora angama‑72, ubumnandi boju. I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — ikhulu ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, iphahlwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, inephrofayili eqhamile “yokusanhlamvu” nentuthu.
Méngdǐng Huáng Yá (蒙顶黄芽, Sichuan): Itiye eliwuphuzi lasendulo kunawo wonke elinezimpande ze‑Tang. I‑menhuang kathathu amahora angu‑6–8 ngayinye. Ukunambitheka okujulile, okujikelezayo. I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — i‑menhuang ende futhi enamandla, izimbiwa ezigqame kakhulu kanye “nobuntu”.
Huǒshān Huáng Yá (霍山黄芽, Anhui): Itiye elinjengekhestanathi, elithambile, elinenothi lamantongomane athosiwe. Amabheji amaningi esimanje empeleni akhiqizwa ngaphandle kwe‑menhuang (= itiye eliluhlaza). I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — ngokobuchwepheshe “iwangempela” kakhulu i‑huángchá, ene‑menhuang egcwele nende.
Hǎimǎ Gòng Chá (海马宫茶, Guizhou): Umeleli oyinhloko we‑Guìzhōu huángchá, ochazwe esihlokweni esihlukile. I‑menhuang amahora angu‑8–12, ukomisa ngamalahle ngaphezu kwamahora ayi‑10. “Umfowabo omncane” ka‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng ngokobude bokuphahla, kodwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambe kakhulu kanye nethoni encane yentuthu.
Píngyáng Huáng Tāng (平阳黄汤, Zhejiang): “Umhluzi ophuzi” — ukugxila ekujuleni nasekulingeni okunamafutha komhluzi, i‑menhuang ~amahora angama‑24. I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — “yomile” kakhulu, inezimbiwa, nokugqama “okusanhlamvu”.

Ekuphetheni:

I‑Guìzhōu Ithiyisi Eliwuphuzi — itiye “elinomlando oyimfihlo”: elazalwa emaphethelweni e‑China, ezintabeni, lapho okhokho bezihlahla zetiye babekhula eminyakeni eyisigidi nengxenye edlule, lathwala phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ubuchwepheshe obuhamba kancane kangangokuba igama elithi “ukuphahla” lithola umqondo ongokoqobo — izinsuku ezingama‑50 emalahleni avuthayo, emifeceni yendwangu, ezandleni zezizukulwane zabanikazi bezandla benkantolo. Leli tiye alihlaba umxhwele ngokugqama futhi alimemezi ngalo — lithule, njengenkungu yaseGuizhou, futhi limnandi, njengomthombo wezintaba oyi‑quartz. Iphunga lalo “elingokusanhlamvu”, ubushelelezi obunamafutha, nokunambitheka okude okumnandi okulandelayo — kuwumvuzo kulabo abazimisele ukufuna itiye ngaphandle kwemizila evamile. Kubaqoqi nabathandi bamathiyisi angavamile, i‑Guìzhōu Ithiyisi Eliwuphuzi ingenye yezinto ezitholakala zithakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni we‑huángchá: “insali ephilayo” yangempela yobuciko basendulo.

14. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amathiyisi aphuzi:

Jūnshān Yínzhēn (君山银针, Hunan): Isilinganiso setiye eliwuphuzi “lezihluma” — izihluma ezihlanzekile kuphela, i‑mèn huáng ~amahora angama‑72, ubumnandi boju. I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — ikhulu ngezinto ezingavuthiwe, iphahlwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, inephrofayili eqhamile “yokusanhlamvu” nentuthu.
Méngdǐng Huáng Yá (蒙顶黄芽, Sichuan): Itiye eliwuphuzi lasendulo kunawo wonke elinezimpande ze‑Tang. I‑mèn huáng kathathu amahora angu‑6–8 ngayinye. Ukunambitheka okujulile, okujikelezayo. I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — i‑mèn huáng ende futhi enamandla, izimbiwa ezigqame kakhulu kanye “nobuntu”.
Huǒshān Huáng Yá (霍山黄芽, Anhui): Itiye elinjengekhestanathi, elithambile, elinenothi lamantongomane athosiwe. Amabheji amaningi esimanje empeleni akhiqizwa ngaphandle kwe‑mèn huáng (= itiye eliluhlaza). I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — ngokobuchwepheshe “iwangempela” kakhulu i‑huángchá, ene‑mèn huáng egcwele nende.
Hǎimǎ Gòng Chá (海马宫茶, Guizhou): Umeleli oyinhloko we‑Guìzhōu huángchá, ochazwe esihlokweni esihlukile. I‑mèn huáng amahora angu‑8–12, ukomisa ngamalahle ngaphezu kwamahora ayi‑10. “Umfowabo omncane” ka‑Lǎo Gòng Xiāng ngokobude bokuphahla, kodwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambe kakhulu kanye nethoni encane yentuthu.
Píngyáng Huáng Tāng (平阳黄汤, Zhejiang): “Umhluzi ophuzi” — ukugxila ekujuleni nasekulingeni okunamafutha komhluzi, i‑mèn huáng ~amahora angama‑24. I‑Guìzhōu huángchá — “yomile” kakhulu, inezimbiwa, nokugqama “okusanhlamvu”.

Ekuphetheni: