guìhuā

Izimbali ze-osmanthus (桂花, guìhuā) yizimbali ezincane ezomisiwe zezihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza noma isihlahla esincane se-osmanthus enephunga elimnandi (Osmanthus fragrans) yomndeni we-olive (Oleaceae, i-olive), lapho eShayina kufakwa amanzi ashisayo ukuze kutholakale iphunga elimnandi lezithelo elimnandi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukucacisa into ebalulekile: lokhu akulona itiye ngomqondo webhotani — umkhiqizo awunawo amaqabunga noma imiqumbe yesihlahla setiye i-Camellia sinensis, ngakho-ke “akulona itiye”. Ohlelweni lwezimpahla zaseShayina, iziphuzo ezinjalo zidlula njenge “zindawo zetiye” (代用茶, dàiyòng chá), okungukuthi, i-infusion yemifino ebiliswayo futhi ephuzwa ngendlela yetiye, kodwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlukile. I-osmanthus ikhiqizwa ezifundazweni ezishisayo eziseningizimu namaphakathi neShayina — ikakhulukazi eGuangxi (Guilin), Hubei (Xianning) naseZhejiang (Hangzhou). Empilweni yansuku zonke, ayaziswa kuphela njenge-infusion ezimele, kodwa futhi nanjenge-flavour yamaswidi, iwayini, ama-dessert, futhi — ngokwehlukana — ukunambitheka amatiye angempela, okubalulekile ukuthi kungadideki phakathi kwazo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: i-infusion yezimbali yemifino, “indawo yetiye” (代用茶, dàiyòng chá).
• Umthombo webhotani: i-osmanthus enephunga elimnandi, i-Osmanthus fragrans, umndeni we-olive (Oleaceae).
• Ingxenye esetshenzisiwe: izimbali ezivulekile (ama-inflorescence), aqoqwe futhi omisiwe.
• Imvelaphi: i-Guangxi, i-Hubei, i-Zhejiang, kanye ne-Yunnan, i-Sichuan, i-Jiangsu nezinye izindawo ezishisayo.

Iphuzu elibalulekile lokuhlukanisa ngokwethembeka: i-Camellia sinensis ayikho nhlobo ezimbalini ezihlanzekile ze-osmanthus. I-infusion yazo iwuhlobo oluzimele lokuphuza kwe-herbal, hhayi uhlobo lwetiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu noma le-oolong.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanele kuhlukaniswe izimbali ezihlanzekile namatiye anambithekiwe, lapho i-osmanthus iyisithasiselo nje ku-camellia:

• 桂花乌龙 (guìhuā wūlóng) — i-oolong, enambitheke ngezimbali ze-osmanthus.
• 桂花红茶 (guìhuā hóngchá) — itiye elibomvu (elimnyama) ne-osmanthus.
• 桂花香单丛 (guìhuā xiāng dāncóng) — i-dancong enephunga “le-osmanthus”.

Kuzo zontathu lezi zimo, isisekelo yiqabunga letiye le-Camellia sinensis, futhi i-osmanthus isebenza njenge-flavour. Kodwa kule ndatshana yangempela, kukhulunywa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe zezimbali ezihlanzekile ngaphandle kwesisekelo setiye.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

I-osmanthus itshalwe eShayina iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, futhi ibhalwe ngokujulile ezinkondlweni, ekhalendeni nasenkambisweni yengadi. Ukuqhakaza kwayo kwenzeka ekwindla futhi kuhambisana noMkhosi Waphakathi Nekwindla (中秋节, Zhōngqiū jié), ngakho-ke iphunga le-osmanthus lihlotshaniswa ngokuqinile nesithombe senyanga egcwele.

• Inganekwane yenyanga: indaba yomgawuli wezinkuni uWu Gang (吴刚, Wú Gāng), owagwetshwa ukuthi agawule ngokungapheli isihlahla se-osmanthus esikhula enyangeni, kanye nenkanyamba yenyanga u-Chang’e (嫦娥, Cháng’é).
• Izivivinyo: isisho esithi “ukwephula igatsha le-osmanthus eSigodlweni SeNyanga” (蟾宫折桂, chán gōng zhé guì) sasisho impumelelo ezivivinyweni zikahulumeni, okungukuthi, impumelelo enkulu kunazo zonke empilweni.
• Ukudla neziphuzo: i-osmanthus efakwe ushukela (糖桂花, táng guìhuā), amakhekhe e-osmanthus (桂花糕, guìhuā gāo) newayini le-osmanthus (桂花酒, guìhuā jiǔ).

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthiwa kwezindawo: idolobha iGuilin (桂林, Guìlín) ngokoqobo lisho “ihlathi le-osmanthus”. Ngakho-ke, emasikweni amaShayina, lokhu akulona i-exotic, kodwa uphawu olujwayelekile lwesizini lwekwindla.

3. Incazelo YeBhotani kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Isitshalo: isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza noma isihlahla esincane esivame ukuphakama ngamamitha angu-3-10.
• Amaqabunga: aqinile, aphikisayo, amise okwe-lance, anomkhawulo obushelelezi noma omazinyo amancane.
• Izimbali: zincane kakhulu (cishe amamilimitha angu-4-5), ziqoqwe ngamaqoqo emaxilweni amaqabunga, zinephunga elinamandla ngokwedlulele ngosayizi omncane.
• Umbala: kusukela komhlophe nokhilimu kuya kokuphuzi okusagolide nokuwolintshi okubomvu — kuye ngeqembu lezinhlobo.

Ngaphakathi kohlobo, ngokwesiko kuhlukaniswa amaqembu amane ezinhlobo zengadi:

• 金桂 (jīnguì) — “i-osmanthus yegolide”, izimbali eziphuzi, iphunga eligcwele; ngokuvamile lithandwa kakhulu ekomisweni.
• 银桂 (yínguì) — “i-osmanthus yesiliva”, ezimhlophe kuya kokuphuzi okukhanyayo, ithoni ethambile.
• 丹桂 (dānguì) — izimbali eziwolintshi ezibomvu, umbala ogqamile, ukubukeka okuvezayo.
• 四季桂 (sìjìguì) — “izikhathi ezine”, iqhakaza izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, iphunga ngokuvamile libuthakathaka.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

• I-Guilin (桂林, i-Guangxi): indawo ye-karst, isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, ukuxhumana komlando namasiko e-osmanthus.
• I-Xianning (咸宁, i-Hubei): esinye sezikhungo eziqashelwayo zokulima, idolobha lihlotshaniswa ngokuqinile ne-osmanthus.
• I-Hangzhou (杭州, i-Zhejiang): idolobhana i-Manjuelong (满觉陇, Mǎnjuélǒng) lidume ngamahlathi e-osmanthus kanye “nemvula yamacembe” ekwindla.

I-osmanthus ithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo esithambile, umswakama owanele, inhlabathi evundile ene-drainage enhle kanye nokuvikelwa esithwathweni esinamandla. Ubunzulu bephunga nombala wezimbali kuncike eqenjini lezinhlobo, isimo sezulu ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kanye nezindlela zokulima. Ukuvuna kuwumsebenzi onzima kakhulu: izimbali zincane, ngakho-ke zivame ukunyakuziswa phezu kwendwangu enwetshiwe noma amanetha, bese zihlungwa ngokushesha, kuhlukaniswe amagatsha namacembe.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

• Ukuvuna: ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza okuphezulu, ngokuvamile ekuseni, lapho iphunga lisemaningi.
• Ukuhlanzwa: ukususwa kwamagatsha, amaqabunga nodoti, ukulahla izimbali eziphuzi.
• Ukomiswa: ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi noma emthunzini, ukugcina umbala nezinto ezinukayo ezihwamukayo.
• Ukuhlungwa: ngokuhlanzeka, ukuphelela kanye nokufana kombala.

Izimbali ezintsha zibuna ngokushesha futhi zilahlekelwa iphunga, ngakho-ke isivinini sokucubungula sibalulekile. Ukuze zisetshenziswe ekudleni, i-osmanthus ivame ukugcinwa ngoshukela noma ngosawoti, kodwa nge-infusion-yendawo yetiye, izinto ezingavuthiwe zomiswa ngokucophelela, kuzanywa ukuthi kungashiswa imbali ngokweqile futhi kugcinwe umbala osagolide ohlukile. Ukomiswa ngokweqile kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kwenza izimbali zingabi nombala futhi kunciphise iphunga.

6. Izici ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile: izimbali ezincane ezivulekile, ezisagolide-kuphuzi kuya kukhilimu noma i-orange.
• Iphunga: elimnandi, izimbali nezithelo, namathoni e-apricot-peach noju.
• I-infusion: kusukela ecishe icace kuya kokukhanyayo okusagolide.
• Ukunambitheka: okuthambile, okunoshukela omncane, ngaphandle kwe-astringency egqamile; emlonyeni kuhlala i-aftertaste yezimbali ende.

Yile ngxenye yephunga yezithelo, “i-apricot”, eyenza i-osmanthus ibonakale futhi ichaze ukuthandwa kwayo njengesithasiselo kuma-dessert neziphuzo.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Amafutha abalulekile: i-linalool kanye nama-oxide ayo, i-β-ionone (i-violet nuance), i-dihydro-β-ionone.
• Ama-lactone: i-γ-decalactone, okuvame ukuthiwa iletha inothi ye-apricot-peach ehlukile.
• Ama-carotenoid: anquma umbala osagolide nowolintshi wezimbali.
• Ama-flavonoid nezinhlanganisela ze-phenolic: izinto ezijwayelekile ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zemifino.

Iqoqo eliqondile nokulingana kwezingxenye ezihwamukayo kuncike eqenjini lezinhlobo, isifunda kanye nendlela yokomisa, ngakho-ke iphrofayili yephunga emaqoqweni ahlukene ingahluka ngokuphawulekayo.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Emasikweni ansuku zonke aseShayina, i-osmanthus kuthiwa inesimo “sokufudumeza”, ikwazi ukuqabula umoya futhi isekele kahle ukugaya ukudla; ivame ukungezwa etiyeni nase-infusions ngenxa yephunga nomuzwa “ofudumele”, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi epholile. Isayensi yesimanje icwaninga umsebenzi we-antioxidant wezinhlanganisela ezitholakala ezimbalini kanye nezakhiwo zazo zephunga, kodwa lokhu kuyizifundo zokwakheka nokuhlolwa kwamamodeli, hhayi ukuqinisekiswa komphumela wokuphuza ophuzwayo.

Isixwayiso esiqondile siyadingeka: izimbali ze-osmanthus ziwumkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi, futhi akukho zithembiso zezokwelapha ezinganikezwa. Izimangalo zezempilo zokukhangisa kwezitolo zingaphandle kwendawo ye-encyclopedia. Njenganoma iyiphi i-infusion ye-herbal, ukulinganisela nokuqapha kuhle ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lapho uphuza imithi kanye nokungabekezeleli komuntu siqu; uma unokungabaza, kufanele ukubonana nodokotela. Lapha, lawa maphuzu ashiwo ngokungathathi hlangothi, ngaphandle kwemithamo nezincomo.

9. Ukubiliswa:

• Isilinganiso: cishe amagremu angu-2-4 ezimbali ezomile ngamamililitha angu-200-250 amanzi; njengesithasiselo sephunga etiyeni — kuncane kakhulu.
• Amanzi: cishe 85-90 °C; amanzi abilayo abolisa kabi iphunga elithambile.
• Isitsha: ingilazi engilazi noma i-gaiwan kuvumela ukubukela ukuvuleka kwezimbali; itiye elincane nalo lilungile.
• Isikhathi: i-infusion yokuqala cishe imizuzu engu-1-2, bese kuthi ngokunambitheka.
• Ama-infusions amaningi: izimbali zimelana nokubiliswa okuningana okufushane, kancane kancane zinikela ngephunga.

I-osmanthus ihlangana kahle: ingcosana ingezwa etiyeni eliluhlaza, i-oolong, itiye elibomvu noma kwezinye i-infusions ye-herbal ukwengeza iphunga. Ehlobo, i-infusion ingalungiswa ngendlela ebandayo (i-cold brew): izimbali zigxishwa emanzini abandayo bese zifakwa amahora ambalwa efrijini — kuvela isiphuzo esicacile esinephunga elimnandi. Ngenxa yokunambitheka okuthambile, i-osmanthus ivame ukufakwa ushukela omncane ngoju noma ihlanganiswe nezithelo ezomile.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Isitsha: ukupakishwa okuvaleka kahle noma ibhodlela elivalwe ngokuqinile.
• Izimo: indawo eyomile nepholile, ngaphandle kokukhanya namaphunga angaphandle.
• Izitha zekhwalithi: umswakama, ukushisa, ukukhanya nomoya-mpilo — zicekela phansi izinhlanganisela ezinukayo ezihwamukayo.

Izimbali ze-osmanthus zimunca umswakama futhi zilahlekelwa iphunga kalula, ngakho-ke ngisho nezinto ezingavuthiwe ezomiswe kahle “ziphefumula” ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iphunga liwumkhombandlela oyinhloko wokusha: iphunga elimfiliba, “elinothuli” likhombisa iqoqo elidala.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

• Inkomba yentengo ye-wholesale: cishe 340 ¥/kg ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile ezisezingeni; lokhu kuyi-oda lobukhulu, hhayi intengo yokuthengisa.
• Amazinga: amagama afana no-”AAA” akhombisa ukukhethwa okuphezulu — izimbali ezinkulu, eziphelele, ezinombala ofanayo ezinephunga eligqamile.

Izinto ezingavuthiwe zangempela ziyizimbali ezihlanzekile ezincane ezivulekile ezinombala wemvelo osagolide, okhilimu noma owolintshi, ngaphandle kwenqwaba yamagatsha namaqabunga, ezinephunga eliphilayo elimnandi lezithelo. Ukuvuna okunzima ngesandla kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-osmanthus enhle ingabizi kakhulu.

Okufanele ukubheke lapho ukhetha:

• Ukuhlanganisa izinto ezingcolile: amagatsha amaningi, amaqabunga nodoti kunciphisa izinga.
• Ukufakwa kombala: umbala ogqamile ngokungemvelo, “omemezayo” namanzi anombala lapho uwasha — uphawu oluyingozi.
• Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezindala noma ezinomswakama: umbala ofiphele, iphunga elibuthakathaka noma elimuncu.
• Ukudideka netiye elinambithekiwe: ngegama le-”osmanthus”, ngezinye izikhathi kuthengiswa 桂花乌龙 noma 桂花红茶 — okungukuthi, itiye elinesithasiselo, hhayi izimbali ezihlanzekile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• Isicupho se-hieroglyph: uphawu 桂 (guì) ngokwalo lunezincazelo eziningi futhi lungabhekisa ku-cinnamon/cassia (肉桂, ròuguì — i-cassia, kanye ne-wuyishan oolong eyaziwayo), kodwa 桂花 (guìhuā) lisho imbali ye-osmanthus ngokuqondile, hhayi isinongo.
• Uphawu lwamadolobha: i-osmanthus yakhethwa njenge-emblem yezimbali yamadolobha amaningana aseShayina futhi ihlotshaniswa ngokuqinile nomoya wekwindla.
• Iphunga ngaphandle kosayizi: ngosayizi omncane wezimbali, iphunga lazo lizwakala kude, okuyinto eyenze isitshalo sathandwa kakhulu ezingadini nasemapaki.
• I-culinary universal: imbali efanayo isebenza njenge-infusion, futhi njenge-flavour yama-dessert, iwayini nama-syrup.

Ekuphetheni:

Izimbali ze-osmanthus ziwuhlobo oluzimele nolufanele lwe-infusion yezimbali zaseShayina, hhayi “indawo yetiye”. Ngokusemthethweni, zingaphansi kwezindawo zetiye (代用茶, dàiyòng chá): akunalo iqabunga le-Camellia sinensis kuzo, kodwa kunomkhuba wamasiko wamakhulu eminyaka, i-terroir eyaziwayo, ubuchwepheshe obucophelelayo bokomisa kanye ne-aesthetics yazo yokubilisa. Kungakho kufanele ukuthi zichazwe ngokugcwele nangokuphelele njengetiye langempela, kungakhohlwa ifreyimu ye-bhotani eqotho.

Kumthengi, into esemqoka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlanzekile namatiye anambithekiwe ngesisekelo se-camellia, ukubheka iphunga eliphilayo elimnandi lezithelo nombala wemvelo, bese ukwamukela ngokulinganiselayo izithembiso zezempilo ezivela kuzitolo: lokhu kuwumkhiqizo wokudla onephunga elimnandi, obaluleke kakhulu ngesimo sawo sekwindla enkomishini, hhayi ngezakhiwo zokwelapha.

the teas described here are available from teamotea