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Guifei Ulungu

Guìfēi wūlóng · 貴妃烏龍

Guifei Ulungu (“Ulungu weNdlovukazi”) wulungu waseThayiwani onephunga elimnandi lezinyosi nezithelo, elakhiwa ukulunywa yizintethe eziphiko eziluhlaza (*Jacobiasca formosana*). Wenyuselwa emndenini ofanayo “wamatiye e-cicada” ne-Dongfang Meiren (東方美人, dōngfāng měirén), kodwa wehluke ngezinga eliphakathi (hhayi…

Guifei Ulungu (“Ulungu weNdlovukazi”) wulungu waseThayiwani onephunga elimnandi lezinyosi nezithelo, elakhiwa ukulunywa yizintethe eziphiko eziluhlaza (Jacobiasca formosana). Wenyuselwa emndenini ofanayo “wamatiye e-cicada” ne-Dongfang Meiren (東方美人, dōngfāng měirén), kodwa wehluke ngezinga eliphakathi (hhayi eliphezulu) lokubila kanye nokusongwa okuyisigamu-siyindilinga. Eqanjwe ngo-Yang Guifei (楊貴妃) — umfazi omuhle odumile wenkosi u-Xuanzong (唐玄宗) — leli tiye lithathwa njengelithandekayo nelihloniphekile njengoba nomlando walo usho. Okubalulekile: Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Guifei Ulungu akusebenzisi imithi yokubulala izinambuzane — kungenjalo izintethe azizukuza — ngakho itiye empeleni li-organic.


1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nomsuka:

  • Uhlobo: Ulungu (itiye elibilile kancane). Izinga lokugeza i-oksijini 40–60% — liphakathi, lisondela emalungwini amnyama. Ukugazingwa okuncane–okuphakathi.
  • Isigaba: Ulungu yaseThayiwani “ye-cicada” (蜜香烏龍, Mìxiāng Wūlóng — “Ulungu ephunga lezinyosi”).
  • Umsuka: Thayiwani (台湾). Izifunda eziyinhloko:
    • Isifunda sase-Nántóu (南投縣, Nántóu Xiàn): Indawo yaseLugu (鹿谷, Lùgǔ) — indawo yomlando. Indawo yaseMíngjiān (名間, Míngjiān).
    • Isifunda sase-Jiāyì (嘉義縣, Jiāyì Xiàn): Indawo yaseMéishān (梅山, Méishān).
    • Ezinye izindawo enkabeni naseningizimu yeThayiwani — ngenxa yokwanda kokuduma.
  • Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: ~23°40’–24°00’ N, ~120°40’–121°00’ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

  • Umlando: I-Guifei Ulungu yavela eThayiwani ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, cishe ngeminyaka yawo-1990, lapho abalimi baseLugu (Nántóu) bethola ukuthi amaqoqo asehlobo etiye, alinyazwe yizintethe, athola iphunga elimnandi lezinyosi nezithelo okungalindelekile — okufana nomphumela owaziwa nge-Dongfang Meiren (東方美人). Kodwa esikhundleni sokubila okunamandla (70–80%, njengase-Dongfang Meiren) abalimi basebenzise ubuchwepheshe be-ulungu ebilile ephakathi kusongwe okuyisigamu-siyindilinga kulezi zinto ezingavuthiwe “ze-cicada” — bathola umkhiqizo omusha ngokuphelele: onesakhiwo “esifana ne-ulungu” ukwedlula i-Dongfang Meiren, kodwa onobumnandi obufanayo bezinyosi.

    Igama elithi “Guifei” alikhethwanga ngenhlanhla: u-Yang Guifei (楊貴妃, 719–756) — omunye “wabesifazane abane abahle kakhulu” base China yasendulo, indlovukazi yeNkosi u-Xuanzong, owayedume ngobumnandi nothando lokunethezeka. Ngokwenganekwane, wayegeza ezindlekweni zamacembe ama-rose ne-lychee — futhi iphunga laleli tiye lezinyosi nezithelo lakhumbuza abasunguli balo lendaba.

  • Igama:

    • “Guifei” (貴妃) — “Indlovukazi Eyigugu/yeNkosi”. Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezindlovukazi endlinikazi yenkosi.
    • “Ulungu” (烏龍) — “Udrako Omnyama”.
  • Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Guifei Ulungu yasheshe yaba elinye lamatiye “aklanywe” aseThayiwani — itiye elinomlando nobuntu. Lihlelwa njengetiye eliphakeme, elesipho, futhi livame ukuthengiswa ngamachubhu amahle anemifanekiso ka-Yang Guifei.


3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

  • Izimila: Eziyinhloko:
    • Qīng Xīn Wūlóng (青心烏龍, Qīng Xīn Wūlóng): Ivame kakhulu; inikeza isizinda esincanyana sezimbali.
    • Jīn Xuān (金萱, Jīn Xuān, i-Taicha No.12): Yengeza ubumnandi obuncane obufana nokhilimu.
    • Sìjìchūn (四季春, Sìjìchūn): Ayinankinga, inephunga elimnandi.
  • Isimo esibalulekile — ukulunywa yizintethe: Amaqabunga kumele alinyazwe yintethe ephiko oluhlaza (Jacobiasca formosana, isiShayina: 小綠葉蟬, xiǎo lǜ yè chán). Isinambuzane sihlaba izindonga zamangqamuzana eqabungeni ngesibungu futhi simunca amanzi amtoti. Ukuphendula ukucindezeleka, isitshalo siqala ukusabela ngokuzivikela: senza inani eliphezulu leziphuzo ze-monoterpene (i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-2,6-dimethyl-3,7-octadiene-2,6-diol) kanye nama-ester aguquguqukayo, akha iphunga elimnandi lezinyosi nezithelo. Ngaphandle kokulunywa yizintethe, itiye akulona i-“Guifei” — kuyi-ulungu evamile.
  • Izinga lokukhiwa: Ihlumela + amaqabunga ama-2–3. Ukuvunwa — ehlobo (Juni–Agasti), lapho izintethe zisebenza kakhulu. Lokhu kwehluka kakhulu ekuvunweni kwasentwasahlobo/ebusika kwama-ulungu asezintabeni eziphakeme.
  • Ukulima oku-organic: Ukudonsa izintethe, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane nezilokazane akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke i-Guifei Ulungu — iyi-organic ngokwenzekayo, noma ingenazo izitifiketi ezingokomthetho.

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

  • Ukuphakama: 400–800 m — kungaphansi kunase-Alishan noma i-Li Shan. Amasimu aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, okulungiswa ukuvunwa ehlobo kanye nento “ye-cicada”.
  • Inhlabathi: Ivundile, ikhipha amanzi kahle; eLugu — inhlabathi ebomvu ye-laterite.
  • Isimo sezulu: I-monsoon e-subtropical. Ihlobo liyashisa futhi linomswakama — izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalana kwezintethe. Umehluko wobusuku nemini 6–10°C.
  • Imvelo: Ukungabikho kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane kwakha imvelo ecebile: izicabucabu, amantulwane, amabhungane adlayo — izilawuli zemvelo zezinambuzane (ngaphandle kwezintethe “eziwusizo”). Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ezingadini zetiye ze-Guifei kungokunye okuphezulu kakhulu eThayiwani.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa inqubo yakudala ye-ulungu nezici zokucubungula izinto ezingavuthiwe “ze-cicada”.

  1. Ukuvuna (採摘, cǎi zhāi): Ngesandla, ehlobo. Amaqabunga anezimpawu ezibonakalayo zokulunywa yizintethe — athandwa kakhulu.
  2. Ukubhula (萎凋, wěidiāo): Ngaphandle kwelanga, amahora ama-2–4. Kuqala ukungezeleleka kwe-oksijini ezindaweni ezilunywe kuzo.
  3. Ukunyakazisa (浪菁, làng jīng / 搖青, yáo qīng): Imijikelezo emi-3–5 nokuphumula. Kuqinisa ukubila futhi kukhulule amaphunga ezinyosi emangqamuzaneni alimele.
  4. Ukubila (發酵, fājiào): 40–60% — ngaphezulu kunama-ulungu amaningi aseThayiwani, kodwa kungaphansi kune-Dongfang Meiren (70–80%). Kulesi sigaba, kwakheka izinhlanganisela eziyinhloko zezinyosi nezithelo.
  5. Ukumisa (殺青, shā qīng): Ukugazingwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
  6. Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ukusonga ngendwangu (布揉, bù róu) — umumo oyisigamu-siyindilinga. Akusonga kakhulu — ukulondoloza ubuqotho bamaqabunga athambile, alinyazwe yizintethe.
  7. Ukumisa nokugazinga (烘乾/焙火, hōnggān / bèi huǒ): Ukugazingwa okuncane–okuphakathi. Kwengeza amanothi afudumele e-caramel, ngaphandle kokuhlupha iphunga lezinyosi.

6. Izici Zezinzwa:

  • Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Izinhlamvu eziyisigamu-siyindilinga, kusuka ekuluhlaza okumnyama kuya konsundu ngenxa yemithunzi ebomvu. Kwamanye amaqabunga kuyabonakala izimpawu zokulunywa yizintethe — amachashazi amancane anombala onsundu. Kungaba khona amathiphu anoboya.
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Eliqhakazile, eligcwele, elimnandi. Amanothi ezinyosi nezithelo — ipentshisi, i-lychee, amagilebhisi, umango. Imibala yezimbali (i-orchid) ngemuva. Izinhlobo ezincane zezinongo kanye ne-caramel.
  • Iphunga lengxube: Eliqinile, elimbozayo — izinyosi, ipentshisi elivuthiwe, izimbali. Iphunga “liphezulu”, lishintsha kusuka ekuchithekeni kuya kokunye: kusuka esithelweni esiqhakazile kuya esifudumele sezinyosi nokhuni.
  • Ukunambitha: Okucebile, okugcwele, okumnandi — ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwengeza ushukela. Amanothi ezinyosi nezithelo (ipentshisi, i-lychee, amagilebhisi we-muscat). Ubumnandi obuncane, obuhambisana kahle nobumnandi. Umzimba — ogcwele, onamafutha. Ukunambitheka ngemuva — okude, okumbozayo, ngesiqu sezinyosi nezimbali.
  • Umbala wengxube: Kusuka kokusagolide oku-amber kuya kobomvu-nsundu, kusobala, ngokukhanya kwezinyosi.
  • Indeni yetiye: Amaqabunga aphelele anombala onsundu oluhlaza onemithambo ebomvu nezindonga. Izimpawu zokulunywa ziyabonakala emaqabungeni avulekile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

  • Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): ~18–22% wesisindo esomile. Ama-Theaflavin nama-Thearubigin — imikhiqizo yokubila okuphakathi.
  • Ama-Amino acid: I-L-theanine — ubumnandi nokuhlanekezela.
  • Ama-Alkaloid: Ikofeni emaphakathi (~2–3%).
  • Iziphuzo ze-Monoterpene: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-2,6-dimethyloctadienediol — izinhlanganisela eziyinhloko zephunga “le-cicada”. Ukuhlangana kwazo ku-Guifei kuphakeme izikhathi ezi-3–5 kunase-ulungwini ejwayelekile, ngenxa yokusabela kwesitshalo ekucindezelekeni ekulunyweni.
  • Ama-Ester aguquguqukayo: I-Benzyl acetate, i-methyl salicylate — amanothi ezithelo nezimbali.
  • Amavithamini: C, amaqembu B, E, K. Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-fluoride, i-magnesium, i-manganese.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

  • Ukuvikelwa kwe-Antioxidant: Ama-Catechin + ama-theaflavin.
  • Umthelela wokunikana amandla nokuhlanekezela: Ikofeni + L-theanine.
  • Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya: Ukubila okuphakathi kwenza itiye lithambe esiswini; likahle ngemuva kokudla.
  • Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Ama-Polyphenol, amavithamini.
  • Isenzo sokulwa nama-bacteria: Ama-Catechin.
  • Umthelela we-Aromatherapeutic: Iphunga elinamandla lezinyosi nezithelo — umphumela ofakazelwe wokunciphisa ingcindezi nokuhlanekezela.

9. Ukufakwa Endishini:

  • Izinga lokushisa: 85–95°C. Okuphansi (85°C) — ukuthola amanothi aphezulu ezinyosi; okuphezulu (95°C) — ukuthola iphrofayili efudumele, ye-caramel.
  • Inani letiye: 5–7 g ku-150 ml.
  • Indishi: I-Gaiwan yobumba lwe-porcelain (ukwamukela kwephunga elimsulwa). I-Yixing teapot — nayo iyafaneleka; ubumba lunothisa amanothi ezinyosi.
  • Inqubo:
    1. Fudumeza indishi.
    2. Ukuchitheka kokuhlanza: thela futhi ukhiphe ngokushesha.
    3. Ukuchitheka kokuqala: 30 imizuzwana – 1 iminithi.
    4. Ukuchitheka oku-5–7, +15–20 imizuzwana kunoma yikuphi.
  • Ukufakwa okubandayo: 5 g ku-500 ml, amahora ama-6–8 efrijini. Isiphuzo sasehlobo esihle kakhulu — kwembula amanothi ezithelo ngaphandle kobumnandi.

10. Ukugcinwa:

  • Isitsha esivaleke kahle nezingabonisi, indawo epholile nemnyama. Izinyanga eziyi-12–18.
  • Izinguqulo ezigazingiwe zizinzile kunezigazingwe kancane.
  • Musa ukugcina efrijini (ukubila okuphakathi + ukugazinga akudingi), ngaphandle uma itiye ligazingwe kancane.

11. Intengo Nezinto Zomgunyathi:

I-Guifei Ulungu — itiye laseThayiwani eliphakeme. Intengo ephezulu ibangelwa: ukuvunwa ehlobo (okuncane okukhiqizayo), ukuncika esimweni se-“cicada” esingabikezeleki, umsebenzi wezandla, ukungabikho kwemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.

Ungawubona kanjani umgunyathi:

  • I-Guifei yeqiniso inephunga lezinyosi eliyisici — ngaphandle kwalo, kuyi-ulungu evamile.
  • Izimpawu zokulunywa yizintethe emaqabungeni avulekile — amachashazi amancane anombala onsundu.
  • Ingxube — i-amber, isobala, ngokukhanya kwezinyosi. Engenanto noma ebabayo — kuyasolisa.
  • Intengo ephansi kakhulu: i-Guifei yeqiniso ayinakubiza njenge-ulungu evamile yasehlobo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

  • “Imfihlo enamatheni”: ama-enzyme ematheni wentethe (Jacobiasca formosana) aqala ukusabela kwesitshalo ekucindezelekeni, okukhiqiza ama-monoterpene — isisekelo sephunga lezinyosi. Lena yindlela efanayo neye-Dongfang Meiren, kodwa ngezinga elihlukile lokucubungula.
  • I-Guifei — itiye eliyi-organic ngokwenzekayo: imithi yokubulala izinambuzane ibulala izintethe, futhi ngaphandle kwezintethe akukho “Guifei”. Ukuhlonipha imvelo akusiko ukukhangisa, kodwa isidingo sokukhiqiza.
  • U-Yang Guifei, oqanjwe ngaleli tiye, ngokwenganekwane, wayethanda i-lychee kangangokuthi inkosi yayala ukuthi zilethwe zisuka e-Guangdong ziyiswe enhlokodolobha i-Chang’an ngeposi lamahhashi agijimayo — ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-1 000. Iphunga letiye lezinyosi ne-lychee — liyisikhumbuzo esiqondile sale ndaba.
  • I-Guifei — “udade omncane” ka-Dongfang Meiren: bobabili “bangama-cicada”, kodwa i-Dongfang Meiren — ibilile kakhulu (icishe ifane netiye elibomvu), kanti i-Guifei — wulungu osebilile ngokumaphakathi, esongwe okuyisigamu-siyindilinga.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa ne-Dongfang Meiren (東方美人):

IpharamithaGuifei Ulungu (貴妃烏龍)Dongfang Meiren (東方美人)
Ukubila40–60%60–80%
UkusongaOkuyisigamu-siyindilingaOkuhamba ngobude (okuhlakazekayo)
Isikhathi sokuvunaIhloboIhlobo (Juni–Agasti)
UkugazingaOkuncane–okuphakathiAkukho ukugazinga noma okuncane kakhulu
IphungaIzinyosi, ipentshisi, i-lychee, i-orchidIzinyosi, i-nutmeg, amajikijolo ehlathi, i-rose
UmzimbaOphakathi–ogcwele, onamafuthaOmncane–ophakathi, oshelelayo
Ubuntu“Bungaka-ulungu” kakhudlwana, buhleleke“Bunjengethiye elibomvu” kakhudlwana, buthambile
IsifundaNántóu (Lugu, Míngjiān)Xīnzhú, Miáolì

14. Ukuphikisana Okungenzeka:

  • Ukungahambelani komuntu ngamunye.
  • Ukuqubuka kwe-gastritis — hhayi esiswini esingenalutho.
  • Ukwenyuka kokuzwela ngekofeni, ukuqwasha.
  • Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa — ukusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Guifei Ulungu — itiye elizalwa yinhlangano yemvelo nobungcweti: intethe encane, engabonakali kahle ngeso lenyama, iqala uchungechunge lokusabela kwamakhemikhali eqabungeni letiye, kanti isandla sengcweti siguqula leli qabunga “elimele” libe ngomunye wama-ulungu ahehayo kakhulu aseThayiwani. Iphunga lawo lezinyosi nezithelo, ubumnandi obunamafutha, nengxube efudumele ye-amber — yisembozo sobumnandi, esifanele igama leNdlovukazi yeNkosi. Kulabo asebevele bazi i-Dongfang Meiren futhi bafisa ukuqhubeka nokuhlola indaba “ye-cicada”, i-Guifei — yisitobhi esilandelayo esibalulekile.