guì zhōu qū lǜ · thetea.app

I-Green Esontekile yaseGuizhou (贵州曲绿, Guìzhōu qū lǜ) ayilona uhlobo oluthile oluqanjwe ngegama, kodwa iyisigaba sesitayela nesifunda setiye eliluhlaza, ehlanganisa amatiye aluhlaza asonteke (曲形, qūxíng) avela esifundazweni esinezintaba iGuizhou eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina. Igama likhomba ngokuqondile imvelaphi (贵州 — iGuizhou) kanye nokuma kweqabunga eliqediwe (曲 — “eligobile”, “elisontekile”). Emashumini eminyaka amuva, iGuizhou isiguquke yaba ngesinye sezifunda eziyinhloko zetiye ezweni futhi, ngokwemininingwane yezibalo zemboni, inendawo enkulu kunazo zonke yamasimu etiye eChina. Amatiye alesi sigaba aziswa ngenambitheka emnene, epholile enezinhlobo zamantongomane, intengo enesizotha, kanye nodumo lwempahla eluhlaza ehlanzekile ngokwemvelo, etshalwe ezindaweni eziphakeme ngaphansi kwezimo zokuguqubala kwamafu njalo. Ngokungafani namanye amatiye aziwa kabanzi esifundazwe — iMéitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuìyá) noma iDūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān) — i-«曲绿» imelela ingxenye yetiye eliluhlaza lansuku zonke, elisezingeni eliphezulu kodwa elithe xaxa.

1. Ukwehlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá); iqembu lezimo ezisontekile nezingaphelele (曲形 / 卷曲形, qūxíng / juǎnqūxíng).
Imvelaphi: isifundazwe iGuizhou (贵州, Guìzhōu), iKNR. Izifunda eziyinhloko ezikhiqiza itiye kanye nemimandla — iMéitán (湄潭, Méitán), iFènggāng (凤冈, Fènggāng), iDūyún (都匀, Dūyún), iZūnyì (遵义, Zūnyì), iShíqiān (石阡, Shíqiān) nezinye.
Isikhundla sesigaba: isitayela/isifunda, hhayi igama elilodwa elivikelwe.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo: Camellia sinensis, ikakhulukazi uhlobo olunamacembe amancane (var. sinensis), kanye nezinhlobo zendawo zezihlahla.

Igama elithi «曲绿» lichaza ukuma nombala wetiye, hhayi umuzi othile noma ifektri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama elibanzi elithi «Itiye Eliluhlaza LaseGuizhou» (贵州绿茶, Guìzhōu lǜchá) lathola isikhundla senkomba yendawo ngo-2017, ehlanganisa yonke indawo yesifundazwe. Amatiye aluhlaza aseGuizhou akhishwa ngaphansi kohlelo lukazwelonke lwamazinga etiye eliluhlaza, kanye namazinga wesifundazwe ochungechungeni lwe-DB52 (52 iyikhodi ye-Guizhou ohlelweni lwamazinga endawo aseKNR); izinombolo eziqondile zezinhlelo nezibuyekezo zincike ebhizinisini ngalinye futhi azinikezwanga lapha ukuze kugwemeke ukunganembi.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Isihlabathi saseYúnnán-Guìzhōu (云贵高原, Yúnguì Gāoyuán) singenye yezindawo zasendulo kakhulu zesitshalo setiye. Esifundeni sasePǔ’ān (普安, Pǔ’ān) kusekhona izihlahla ezindala zetiye elinezidleke ezine (四球茶, sìqiú chá — Camellia tetracocca); lapho kwatholakala nensalela eyigwadle yembewu, okuthi ezincwadini zetiye zaseChina ibhekiselwe etiyeni futhi inikwe usuku lweminyaka engaba yisigidi, ngokwezilinganiso ezahlukene. Lokhu okutholakele kusebenza njengengxabano evuna ukujula komlando wesiko lendawo yetiye, nakuba ingxenye yalezi zinsuku isalokhu ingumbandela wenkulumo-mpikiswano yesayensi.

Iqiniso elisemqoka lomlando: phakathi neminyaka yeMpi Yokumelana NaseJapan (ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930), isifunda saseMéitán sathuthelwa khona isisekelo sesayensi yetiye sikahulumeni — iSiteshi Esiyinhloko Sokuhlola Itiye (中央实验茶场, Zhōngyāng Shíyàn Cháchǎng).

Ngaso leso sikhathi, iNyuvesi yaseZhèjiāng yathuthela eZūnyì naseMéitán. Kanjalo, isifundazwe saphenduka isikhashana esinye sezikhungo zesayensi yetiye yesimanje eChina. Eminyakeni yawo-2000 kuya ku-2010, iGuizhou yenza ukwandiswa okukhulu kwamasimu, igxile ekukhiqizeni itiye “elimsulwa” ngaphandle kokungcoliswa yizimboni; ngaleso sikhathi lapho kwahlangana khona imakethe yamatiye amaningi endawo aluhlaza, okuyingxenye yawo i-«曲绿».

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Izinhlobo (imihlobo): kusetshenziswa kakhulu iFúdǐng Dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbáichá), izinhlobo zendawo zomdabu (地方群体种, dìfāng qúntǐzhǒng), kanye nemigqa eyavezwa esifundazweni yochungechunge lwe-Qiánméi (黔湄, Qiánméi) kanye neminye ehlobene; ezindaweni ezithile — itiye lobulembu baseShíqiān (石阡苔茶, Shíqiān táichá).
Indinganiso yokukha: ematiyeni aluhlaza asontekile, kuvame ukuhlungwa ihlumela elineqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (一芽一叶 / 一芽二叶, yī yá yī yè / yī yá èr yè); akuvamile — impahla eluhlaza emnene ngokwengeziwe yamabanga aphezulu.
Isizini: inqwaba — ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo; ukuvunwa kwasehlobo nasekwindla kunikeza umkhiqizo olula ngokwambitheka.

Uhlamvu lwesiShayina oluthi 黔 (qián) — igama elifushanisiwe leGuizhou, okuvela kulo imigqa yezihlahla “yama-qián” kanye neqhalo elijwayelekile lamatiye endawo.

4. Indawo Kanye Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokulima:

Ukuphakama: iningi lamasimu lisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-800–1400 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, ezinye izingxenye zingaphezulu.
Isimo sezulu: isifudumezi esinesimo sezulu esinomswakama ophethwe umoya, enamafu amaningi kanye nezinkungu; isisho sendawo esithi «天无三日晴» (tiān wú sān rì qíng) — “izulu alicaci izinsuku ezintathu zilandelana” — sichaza ngokuqondile ukukhanya okuhlakazekile, okuhle ekuqoqekeni kwama-amino acid.
Inhlabathi: ikakhulukazi i-asidi ephuzi nebomvu; ezindaweni eziningi inhlabathi inothiswe nge-selenium ne-zinc.

Inhlanganisela ye-latitude ephansi nokuphakama okuphezulu inikeza isimo sezinga lokushisa esimnene nokukhula kancane kwamahlumela, okuvamile ematiyeni anobusha obuphezulu nokuncipha kobukrakra obunzima. Isifunda iFènggāng saziwa njenge-”zwe letiye le-zinc ne-selenium” (锌硒茶乡, xīn xī cháxiāng); inhlabathi yezindawo eziseduze nazo inothiswe nge-selenium (硒, xī). Amapulazi amaningi agxila ekungabikho kwemithombo yokungcola yezimboni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Uhlobo olujwayelekile lokucubungula: okuluhlaza okujwayelekile, ngokususwa kwama-enzyme ngokushisa futhi ngaphandle kwesigaba se-oxidation.

Ukulandelana kwemisebenzi, okuvamile ematiyeni aluhlaza asontekile aseGuizhou:

Ukukhiwa kweqabunga elisha (采摘, cǎizhāi).
Ukushwabanisa/ukwandlala (摊青, tānqīng) ukuze kulahlekelwe umswakama ngokwengxenye nokulinganisa impahla eluhlaza.
Ukususa amanzi — “ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青, shāqīng), ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imishini emisilindeni noma ezitsheni; akuvamile ukuthi kusetshenziswe ukufutha.
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn) ukuze kuqhekezwe izindonga zamangqamuzana nokwakha isakhiwo esizayo.
Ukubumbeka (做形 / 理条, zuòxíng / lǐtiáo) — isigaba esiyinhloko ikakhulukazi se-«曲»: ngokusonteka okuphindaphindiwe kanye nokomisa kancane, iqabunga lithola ukuma okugobile, okusonteke okunjenge-spiral.
Ukomisa (干燥, gānzào) kuze kube umswakama ophansi ozinzile.

Ukubumbeka okuthatha isikhathi eside yikho okuveza umehluko we-«曲绿» kumatiye ayisicaba (扁形) noma aqondile acwebileyo: iqabunga lihlala lihlangene, livamise ukuba noboya obubonakalayo ezihlokweni.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngezitho Zomzimba:

Iqabunga elomile: lisontekile ngokuqinile, ligobile; umbala osuka koluhlaza okotshani omnyama kuya koluhlaza okotshani, ngokuvamile unoboya obusiliva ezihlumelweni.
Ukuthela: okuphuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani, okukhanyayo nokukhanyiselayo.
Iphunga elimnandi: elisha, elinezinhlobo eziphawulekayo zekhestnati egazingiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng), ngezinye izikhathi elinomsindo omncane wezimbali noma omtavu omnandi.
Ukunambitheka: okusha nokumnene (鲜醇, xiānchún), nokuklwebheka okulingene okuphilayo nokunambitheka okushiyekayo okunoshukela; ezingxenyeni zasentwasahlobo ezisenyangeni eziphakeme — kunokunambitheka okugcwele futhi “okugculisayo”.
Iqabunga elibilisiwe elithambile: eliluhlaza okotshani ngobumnene, elilinganayo.

Isampula yekhwalithi inikeza ukulingana kokusha nokuthamba ngaphandle kobukrakra obuqinile; ukuba nezibi kanye nethoni “yotshani” kukhomba impahla eluhlaza yesikhathi esedlule noma ukuphazamiseka ekususeni amanzi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): cishe u-18–30% wesisindo esomile; ingxenye eyinhloko — ama-catechin (儿茶素, érchásù), kuhlanganise ne-EGCG.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): ingxenye ebonakalayo ye-L-theanine (茶氨酸, chá’ānsuān), ngokuvamile ihlezi ku-2–4%; izintaba eziphakeme namafu kuholela ekuqoqekeni kwawo.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēijiǎn): cishe u-2–4%.
Okunye: izinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi, ushukela oncibilikayo emanzini, amavithamini, amaminerali; ematiyeni ezifunda ezine-selenium ne-zinc — kunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium ne-zinc.

Isilinganiso esiphezulu sama-amino acid kanye nesilinganiso esilingene se-polyphenol kuma-amino acid kuchaza izici zokuzwa “ezintsha”. Amanani aqondile ancike ohlotsheni lwesihlahla, isizini, nendawo, ngakho-ke kunembe kakhulu ukukhuluma ngamabanga.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidant: ubangelwa ama-catechin namanye ama-polyphenol.
Umphumela omnene ovuselelayo: inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-theanine inikeza ukuphaphama ngaphandle kokuqina.
Ukuqinisa amanzi kanye nama-kilojoule aphansi: isiphuzo esingenashukela ngaphandle kwezithako ezingezelwe.

Itiye eliluhlaza ngokwesiko lithathwa “njengelipholile” ngokwemvelo ngokwezokudla kwaseChina, liphuzelwa ukuqabula. Izakhiwo ezinikeziwe akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha: abantu abazwela ku-caffeine, abakhulelwe, kanye nalabo abanezifo zomgudu wokugaya ukudla kufanele bazilinganisele futhi, uma kunesidingo, bathintane nodokotela. Ukuphuza okunamandla esiswini esingenalutho kungadala ukungakhululeki.

9. Ukuphisa:

Amanzi: athambile, asanda kubiliswa futhi apholiswe aze afike ku-80–85 °C; emabangeni aphezulu amnene kakhulu — eduze no-80 °C.
Isilinganiso: cishe u-3 g ku-150 ml ku-gaiwan noma u-3 g ku-200–250 ml engilazini yengilazi.
Izitsha: ingilazi yengilazi (玻璃杯) ilungele ukubuka iqabunga; kufaneleka futhi i-gaiwan yobumba (盖碗) kanye neketela elinomlomo obanzi.
Indlela yokubeka: eqabungeni elisontekile, kodwa eliminyene, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukubeka okungaphansi (下投法, xiàtóufǎ) — kuqala itiye, bese kuba amanzi; empahleni eluhlaza emnene kakhulu, ukubeka okumaphakathi kungenzeka.

Ku-gaiwan, ukuthela okufushane okuningana kuyenziwa: okokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20, okulandelayo ngokunyuswa okuncane. Iqabunga elisontekile livuleka kancane kancane futhi ngokuvamile likwazi ukumelana nokuthela okugcwele okungu-2–4. Engilazini yengilazi, itiye liphuzwa ngendlela “yokuthela”, kunezelwa amanzi njengoba lincipha futhi kugwenywe ukuvumela ukuthela ukuthi kuhlale isikhathi eside, uma kungenjalo kuvela ukrakra. Akufanele kusetshenziswe amanzi abilayo kakhulu: “ashisa” iqabunga futhi abulale ukusha.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: indawo epholile, ubumnyama, ukomile, ukupakishwa okuvaleke ngokuphelele, ukungabikho kwephunga elingaphandle.
Isiqandisi/isiqandisi esiqandisayo: kuvunyelwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside ngokupakishwa okuqinile; ngaphambi kokuvula, iphakethe lilethwa ezingeni lokushisa lasekamelweni ukuze kugwemeke ukujiya komhwamuko.
Isikhathi: itiye eliluhlaza alihloselwe ukuvuthwa; izici zekhwalithi ezinhle kakhulu ziyavela phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa ngemuva kokukhiqiza, ukusha okwamukelekayo kugcinwa cishe unyaka owodwa.

Izitha eziyinhloko — umswakama, ukushisa, ukukhanya, umoya-mpilo, nephunga langaphandle. Izimpawu zokuguga — ukuphaphalala kombala, ukonakala kwephunga elimnandi, kanye nokuvela kwethoni “endala” ekutheleni.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Ukuma emakethe: i-«曲绿» ngokuyinhloko iyingxenye yentengo “yetiyye elinokuthengeka lansuku zonke”, lisabiza kakhulu kunemikhiqizo yaseGuizhou enegama.
Amanani entengo alinganiselwe: izingxenye ezijwayelekile zivame ukuthengiswa ngebanga elicishe libe ngu-100–400 yuan nge-500 g, ukuvunwa kwentwasahlobo kwekhwalithi engcono — kubiza kakhulu. Amanani aqondile ancike kakhulu ohlotsheni, isizini, ibanga, nomthengisi, ngakho-ke kufanele athathwe njengesiqondiso esilinganiselwe.

Njengoba i-«曲绿» iyisitayela, hhayi igama elilodwa elivikelwe ngokuqinile, ubungozi obukhulu abuhlobene nokukopishwa komkhiqizo, kodwa nokuhlanekezelwa kwezimpawu zomkhiqizo. Okuvamile ukukhishwa kwetiye lasekwindla noma lonyaka owedlule njengelintsha lasentwasahlobo, ukuhlanganiswa kwempahla eluhlaza yezindawo eziphakeme nephansi, ukuthengiswa kwetiye nje eliluhlaza elenziwe laziwe ngelemfundo ephakeme. Igunyathi noma ukushintshwa kwezinga kukhonjiswa intengo ephansi ngokungafanele ngesikhathi kuthiwa “intwasahlobo yokuqala”, iqabunga elimhlophe ngokumpunga ngokuluhlaza okotshani, iphunga elimnandi elintekenteke noma “elinothuli”, ukunambitheka okuyisicaba nobukrakra obusheshayo. Hlola ukusha ngokukhazimula kokuthela nephunga elimnandi, buza unyaka nesizini yokuvuna, uma kungenzeka, khetha umkhiqizo onemvelaphi elandelekayo evela ezifundeni ezithile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

IGuizhou ibizwe kaninginingi njengesifundazwe esinendawo enkulu kunazo zonke yamasimu etiye eChina.
Esifundeni sasePǔ’ān kukhula izihlahla zasendulo zetiye elinezidleke ezine (Camellia tetracocca) futhi kwatholakala insalela eyisilwane yembewu yetiye ephikiswana ngayo ngokwesayensi ngokusukela.
Phakathi nempi, iMéitán yaba yisiphephelo sesayensi yetiye kahulumeni, kanye neNyuvesi yaseZhèjiāng eyayithuthwe khona.
Igama elithi «Itiye Eliluhlaza LaseGuizhou» (贵州绿茶) laba inkomba yendawo, ehlanganisa sonke isifundazwe — icala elingavamile lokuhlanganiswa okubanzi kangaka.
Isifunda iFènggāng saziwa ngokuthi “izwe letiye le-zinc ne-selenium”, okuhlobene nezici eziyingqayizivele zenhlabathi yendawo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Green Esontekile yaseGuizhou iyisithombe esihlanganisayo setiye laseGuizhou lesimanje: itiye eliluhlaza elisendaweni ephakeme, elisha futhi elimnene, eligxile hhayi egameni elikhulu, kodwa endaweni ehlanzekile nasentengweni enengqondo. Ngemuva kwesigaba esibonakala silula se-«曲绿» kukhona izinzuzo zangempela zesifundazwe — izindawo eziphakeme, amafu njalo, inhlabathi ene-asidi, futhi ezindaweni eziningi, ukunothiswa nge-selenium ne-zinc, okuveza impahla eluhlaza enamazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid kanye nokuklwebheka okulingene.

Emphisaneni wansuku zonke, leli yitiye elikahle futhi eliqagelwayo: liyakuxolela ukuhluka okuncane kumasu, livuleka kahle engilazini yengilazi, futhi lijabulisa ngephunga lamantongomane kanye nokunambitheka okunoshukela ngemuva uma liphathwa ngokucophelela mayelana nezinga lokushisa. Uma ulithenga, kufanele ugxile ekusheni, isizini, nemvelaphi evela ezifundeni ezithile, hhayi kumalebula okumaketha, — lapho-ke umkhiqizo onesizotha ngentengo ungakwazi ukunikeza ukwethulwa okufanele ngamatiye aluhlaza asezintabeni eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina.

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