Gǔ yī hēi chá · new.thetea.app

IGǔ yī hēi chá (古黟黑茶, Gǔ yī hēi chá) itiye elimnyama elivutshelwe ngemva elivela esigodini sase-Yi (黟县, Yī Xiàn) esifundazweni sase-Anhui, futhi elaziwa ngegama laso lomlando elithi Ān Chá (安茶, Ān Chá) — “Itiye Lase-Anhui”. Leli tiye, elake ladunyiswa abahwebi baseHuizhou (徽商, Huī shāng) — abathengisi baseHuizhou, — laqala ezinkantolo zombuso laze laya emakhemisi aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lapho labizwa khona ngegama elithi “itiye elingcwele” (圣茶, shèng chá) ngenxa yezakhiwo zalo eziphawulekayo zokwelapha. Emuva kokukhohlakala iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, i-Gǔ yī hēi chá iyaphinde yenziwe, ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe bendabuko base-Anhui nendlela yesimanje yokukhiqiza itiye elimnyama.

1. Ukwehlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elimnyama elivutshelwe ngemva (hēi chá, 黑茶). Lingaphansi kohlobo lwamatiye lapho ukuvutshelwa ngamagciwane ngesikhathi sesigaba se-wò duī (渥堆 — ‘ukufumbathisa okumanzi’) kudlala indima enkulu, kanye nokuvuthwa isikhathi eside ngokwemvelo. Ngokohlelo lokwehlukanisa, kungenye yezinhlobo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zetiye laseChina.
Isigaba: Itiye elimnyama lesifunda sase-Anhui, itiye lomlando lase-Huizhou. Ibhrendi yesimanje — “Gǔ Yī” (古黟, “I-Yi Yasendulo”), ekhiqizwa yinkampani i-“Huangshan Tianfang Tea Co., Ltd.” (黄山市天方茶叶有限公司). Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezine: Fú Zhuān (茯砖), Tiān Jiān (天尖), Hēi Zhuān (黑砖) kanye ne-Huā Juǎn (花卷).
Imvelaphi: I-China (中国, Zhōngguó), isifundazwe sase-Anhui (安徽省, Ānhuī Shěng), idolobha lase-Huangshan (黄山市, Huángshān Shì), isigodi sase-Yi (黟县, Yī Xiàn). Isizinda sokukhiqiza — izingadi zetiye ezisezintabeni zase-Měixī (美溪乡, Měixī Xiāng), lapho kunendawo enkulu yamasimu etiye engaphezu kwe-mu eyinkulungwane (cishe amahhekthara angu-67). Ngokomlando kuxhumene kakhulu nokukhiqizwa kwe-ān chá (安茶) esigodini esiseduze sase-Qímén (祁门县, Qímén Xiàn), okuyilapho isiko lokuvuselela leli tiye laqala khona.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29°55′ enyakatho, 117°56′ empumalanga.
Amagama ahlukile: Ān Chá (安茶, Ān Chá) — igama lomlando elisetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano, okusho ukuthi “itiye lase-An[hui]”; Ruǎn Zhī Chá (软枝茶, ruǎn zhī chá) — igama lesintu, “itiye elinamagatsha athambile”; Yùn Hé Chá (运合茶, yùn hé chá) — igama lasendulo, elilotshwe emithonjeni yangeSong.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Izimpande ze-Gǔ yī hēi chá zisukela ngesikhathi sobukhosi baseSong (宋, Sòng, 960–1279). Encwadini ebhalwe phakathi neminyaka ye-Chúnxī (淳熙, 1174–1189), “Xīn’ān Zhì” (《新安志》, “Amanothi NgaseXin’an”), kukhulunywa ngalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “yùn hé chá” (运合茶) — itiye elavela ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kwamaqabunga ngokwemvelo ngesikhathi lokuthuthwa. Ngolimi lwesifunda sase-Yi, igama elithi “hé” (合) linomsindo ofanayo nelithi “hēi” (黑 — “mnyama”), okuyinto ebonisa ukuxhumana okuqondile kwaleli tiye lasendulo netiye elimnyama lesimanje lesifunda.

Ngesikhathi sobukhosi base-Ming (明, Míng, 1368–1644) kanye ne-Qing (清, Qīng, 1644–1912), itiye lase-Anhui laduma kabanzi ngenxa yabahwebi baseHuizhou — abathengisi abanamandla baseHuizhou abahlela ukuthunyelwa kwalo ngenkulu esifundazweni sase-Guangdong, eHong Kong nasemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho itiye laqala ukubizwa ngegama elithi “ān chá” — isifinyezo segama elithi “itiye lase-Anhui”. I-Linnan (岭南) — isifunda esiseningizimu yeChina — saba imakethe enkulu yalo: odokotela bendawo babesebenzisa i-ān chá njengomuthi. Udokotela odumile waseLinnan u-Fang Zhen (方珍) wayevame ukunikeza i-ān chá njengetiye lokwelapha.

Isikhathi seRiphabhlikhi YaseChina (民国, Mínguó, 1912–1949) saba yisikhathi sokukhula: esigodini sase-Yi kuphela kwakunezindlu zetiye ezingama-47 (茶号, cháhào). Kodwa iMpi Yokulwa NamaJapani kanye nezinxushunxushu ezalandela kwaholela ekuyekisweni ngokuphelele kokukhiqizwa kwalo.

Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1980, lapho esigodini sase-Qímén kwenziwa imizamo yokuqala yokubuyisela ubuciko obulahlekile. Indima ebalulekile yadlalwa yingcweti u-Wāng Zhènxiáng (汪镇响), owabutha ubuchwepheshe kancane kancane kwabokugcina abenenkolo yesiko — izingcweti ezindala zezindlu zetiye i-“Sūn Yìshùn” (孙义顺). Ngonyaka we-1992 ukukhiqizwa kwe-ān chá kwaphinde kwaqalwa ngempumelelo efekthri yetiye i-“Jiangnan Chun Tea Factory” (江南春茶厂).

Ngo-2010 usomabhizinisi u-Zhèng Liánjūn (郑连军) wasungula “Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngobuchwepheshe Bokwenziwa Kwe-Gǔ yī hēi chá” (黄山市古黟黑茶工程技术研究中心) futhi ngokubambisana ne-Anhui Agricultural University (安徽农业大学) kanye ne-Huangshan Institute of Industrial Technology waqala umsebenzi ohleliwe wokuvuselela nokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhiqiza itiye elimnyama e-Yi. Kwathuthukiswa izintambo zomshini, kuyilapho kwagcinwa isisekelo sezandla sezigaba ezibalulekile.
Igama:
- “Gǔ” (古) — “yasendulo, endala”, igcizelela umlando omude wokukhiqiza.
- “Yī” (黟) — igama lesigodi sase-Yi, esinye sezindawo ezindala kakhulu e-Anhui, esidume ngezikhumbuzo ze-UNESCO (imizana yase-Xidi ne-Hongcun).
- “Hēi Chá” (黑茶) — “itiye elimnyama”, kubonisa isigaba ngokohlelo lwamaShayina.
- Ngakho-ke, igama eliphelele lisho ukuthi “Itiye Elimnyama Lasendulo Lase-Yi”.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Gǔ yī hēi chá ixhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa namasiko endabuko ase-Huizhou (徽州, Huīzhōu). Kufanele kukhulunywe ngesiko letiye elibizwa nge-“xī gé zi chá” (锡格子茶) — isiko lokwamukela izihambeli lonyaka omusha esigodini sase-Yi. I-“xī gé” (锡格) yibhokisi elinezitezi eziningi elenziwe ngethini lobuciko bendawo, okufakwa kuzo izincwadi zalo zokudla okumnandi kwendawo (kuhlanganise ne-“qianzhang su” edumile), amaqanda etiye netiye. Lokhu kudla kuhanjiswa netiye eliluhlaza noma elibomvu futhi kufanekisela izifiso “zokukhuphuka njalo” (步步高升, bùbù gāoshēng) kanye “nokugcina injabulo endlini” (留福在家, liú fú zài jiā). Namuhla i-Gǔ yī hēi chá futhi ingumfanekiso ophawulekayo we-Yi njengenye “yezinto ezinhlanu ezimnyama” (五黑, wǔ hēi) zesigodi — kanye norayisi omnyama, izinkukhu ezimnyama, amapulamu amnyama nempoqo emnyama.

Ukukhiqizwa kwesimanje kwe-Gǔ yī hēi chá kuhlukile ngokuthi kuhlanganisa ubuciko betiye nobuciko bendabuko baseHuizhou “bokubaza okuthathu” (徽州三雕, Huīzhōu sān diāo — ukubaza ngokhuni, amatshe nezitini). Izingcweti zakha kusuka etiyeni elicindezelweyo amathayili okuhlobisa, izithombe zetiye kanye nemifanekiso eqoshiwe enezithombe zezindawo ezinhle zaseHuizhou, okuguqula itiye libe umsebenzi wobuciko ofanele ukuphuzwa nokuqoqwa.

3. Ukuchazwa Ngezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo lwembewu / Iculti: Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko ziyiziqabunga ze-culti ethi Zhūyè Zhǒng (槠叶种) — uhlobo oluphakathi noluncane lwe-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, okuyingxenye yezinhlobo zetiye ezisemthethweni zeChina eziqashelwa kazwelonke (国家级良种, guójiā jí liángzhǒng). Leli cuthi futhi liyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwe-Qímén Hóng Chá (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá — Keemun) edumile. Izihlahla ze-Zhūyè Zhǒng ziphawuleka ngokukhula okumaphakathi, ukumelana okuhle namakhaza nezifo, amaqabunga anomumo oyisiswebhu onomphetho onamazinyo amancane, nombala oluhlaza ogcwele.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna okuyinhloko kwenziwa entwasahlobo — kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-April kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-May. Ngokwesisho sendawo, “itiye lasentwasahlobo liyisithwalo esigcwele, elasehlobo yisandla esisincane, kanti itiye lasekwindla ungalivuni, ngisho noma kungadingeka uthengise abantwana bakho” (春茶一担、夏茶一头、卖儿卖女不采秋茶). Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa inani elincane lezinto ezingavuthiwe zasehlobo (cishe u-20% wezentwasahlobo) ukuze kuhlanganiswe, amaqabunga asekwindla awasetshenziswa.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ukukhetha okuqinile — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). I-tiān jiān isebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile — ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili amancane. Isici esiphawulekayo: kuvunyelwe futhi kuyamukelekile ukuthi kube khona isiqu esincane (梗, gěng), okubalulekile ochungechungeni lokuvutshelwa kwamagciwane kanye nokwakheka kokunambitheka.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela namaqabunga kumele abe makhulu, anenyama, anesiqu esibonakalayo. I-Yi yaziwa ngetiye elinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶种, dà yè zhǒng), nakuba i-culti eyinhloko ingaphansi kweqembu elinamaqabunga aphakathi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezivela emasimini asezintabeni zase-Měixī zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokucebiswa kwamaphunga amancane eimbali avela ezitshalweni ezinamakha ezikhula eduze.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isigodi sase-Yi siseningizimu yesifundazwe sase-Anhui, ezintabeni zase-Huangshan. Indawo yakhiwe izintaba namagquma anezigodi ezijulile — “izintaba eziphakeme, izihosha ezijulile” (山高谷深, shān gāo gǔ shēn). Indawo ibonakala ngamafu amaningi nenkungu, okuhlinzeka ukukhanya kwelanga okusabalalisiwe nomswakama ophezulu — izimo ezifanele izihlahla zetiye.
Ubude obuphezulu bokutshalwa: Amasimu amakhulu atholakala ekuphakameni kwamamitha angu-400–800 ngaphezu kolwandle. Izingadi eziphakeme zase-Měixī zifinyelela kumamitha angu-700–800.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi evundile, iningi layo inhlabathi ephuzi ebomvu ene-asidi (红壤-黄壤), enothile ngezinto eziphilayo namaminerali. Izinga eliphezulu lensimbi ne-aluminium linomthelela ekwakhekeni kwephrofayili yokunambitheka.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esimanzi seemvula sasenyakatho (北亚热带湿润季风气候). Izinkathi ezine ezibonakalayo: ubusika obuhle, ihlobo elifudumele. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo lingu-15–16°C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1500–1800 mm. Izinsuku zelanga zimbalwa — isimo sezulu esiguqubele, esinenkungu kuyinsakavukela, okunciphisa izinga le-catechin futhi kwenyuse izinga lama-amino acid eqabungeni.
Izici: Amasimu etiye azungezwe yizixhobo zezihlahla ezinamakha nezigubhu (桂花, i-osmanthus; 兰花, i-orchid), amaphunga azo amunwa yiqabunga letiye ngesikhathi sokukhula kanye nokuvuthwa okwemvelo okulandelayo. I-Yi futhi ingesinye sezifunda zetiye eziphambili ngokwemvelo ezweni (全国生态产茶县).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Gǔ yī hēi chá kuyinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi enezigaba eziningi, ethatha izinyanga eziningana, futhi uma kuhlanganiswa nokuvuthwa okuyimpoqo — kuthatha iminyaka. Ubuchwepheshe buhlanganisa izici zezindlela zaseHunan nezendabuko zase-Anhui, eziguqulelwe ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zendawo.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi): April–May, indinganiso ‘ihlumela elilodwa — amaqabunga amabili’ ngesiqu esifushane.
Shāqīng — ukumisa / ‘ukubulala luhlaza’ (杀青, shā qīng): Ukwelashwa ngokushisa okuphezulu e-wok noma ngezintambo zemishini ekhethekile ukuze kungenzeki amandla ama-enzyme, kumiswe ukubola futhi kwenza ithambe iqabunga. Umjini okhethekile we-shāqīng wathuthukiswa, owaguqulelwa ezintweni ezingavuthiwe zendawo.
Róuniǎn — ukusonga (揉捻, róu niǎn): Ukusonga kokuqala ukuze kuqhekezwe izingqimba zamaseli kanye nokukhululwa kajusi. Kwakha izimo zokuvutshelwa okulandelayo.
Wòduī — ukufumbathisa okumanzi (渥堆, wò duī): Isigaba esibalulekile esehlukanisa itiye elimnyama kuzo zonke ezinye izigaba. Kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa okuncane (轻发酵, qīng fājiào) ngokwakhiwa kwezithumbu ezincane (小堆, xiǎo duī) ezinesisindo esisuka ku-50 kuye ku-500 kg. Njalo emahoreni ama-4 kuqhutshwa ukuxubha nokuphenduka (翻堆, fān duī) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhamba ngokulinganayo kwezinqubo zamagciwane nokuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile. Le ndlela ivumela ukugcinwa kwezakhi zamakha, ezingalahleka ngokuvutshelwa okunamandla.
Fùróu — ukusonga kabusha (复揉, fù róu): Ukusonga okwengeziwe ngemva kwe-wòduī ukuze kuhlanganiswe isakhiwo seqabunga nokusabalaliswa ngokulinganayo kwejusi elivutshiwe.
Gānzào — ukumisa (干燥, gān zào): Ukumisa kokuqala ukuze kuncishiswe umswakama ufike ezingeni elifanele ukugcinwa.
Qìzhēng tíxiāng — ukuphakamisa iphunga ngomhwamuko (汽蒸提香, qì zhēng tí xiāng): Isigaba esiphawulekayo se-Gǔ yī hēi chá: ukwelashwa ngomhwamuko kwenza ithambe iqabunga futhi kuqalise ukukhululwa kwamafutha amakha abalulekile. Le nqubo isukela kubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-ān chá, lapho itiye laliphathwa ngomhwamuko ngaphambi kokupakishwa ezibhasikidini zoqalo.
Yāzhì chéngxíng — ukucindezela (压制成型, yā zhì chéng xíng): Ngokuya ngohlobo lomkhiqizo wokugcina, itiye licindezelwa libe izitini (砖, zhuān), lenziwa libe yimigoqo eyisilinda (花卷, huā juǎn) ezibhasikidini zoqalo, noma lishiywe lisenhlakeni (散茶, sàn chá — ku-tiān jiān). Uma kucindezelwa izitini zetiye, kusetshenziswa ubuciko bokubaza baseHuizhou ukuze kwakhiwe imidwebo yokuhlobisa ekhonjiwe.
Chénhuà — ukuvuthwa kwemvelo / ukulala (陈化, chén huà): Isikhathi esincane — iminyaka emithathu. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezindlini ezikhethekile zokugcina ezenziwe ngokhuni (专用木仓, zhuānyòng mù cāng) ngokulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama. Ngesikhathi sokugcinwa, ukuvutshelwa okuhamba kancane kwamagciwane kuyaqhubeka, kwakhiwe izakhi zamakha ezintsha, kunciphiswe ukunambitheka. Ku-fú zhuān (茯砖) isigaba sokuvuthwa sihambisana nokwakheka “kwezimbali zegolide” (金花, jīn huā) — amakholoni e-eurotium cristatum (冠突散囊菌, guàn tū sàn náng jūn).

6. Izici Zokunambitha Nokuhogela:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Kuncike ohlotsheni olukhishwayo. I-tiān jiān eyinsakavukela — izinhlamvu ezimnyama, eziphakeme ezineziqu ezibonakalayo, umbala usuka konsundu omnyama kuya komnyama onsundu (乌褐, wū hè). Itiye lezitini (fú zhuān, hēi zhuān) — amathayili acindezelwe ngokuqinile anobuso obushelelayo; uma kwephulwa i-fú zhuān kubonakala amachashazi egolide asakazekile — amakholoni “e-jīn huā”. I-huā juǎn — isilinda esiqinile esisesibhasikidini soqalo.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ligqamile futhi lihlukile. Kugqama amaphunga ejinja elomile (干姜, gān jiāng) nemithi enamakha (草药香, cǎo yào xiāng), akha iphrofayili eyaziwayo “yejinja nemithi”. Ngokuya ngeminyaka kanye nohlobo kungase kube khona amathoni otshani obuluhlaza (青草香), wezithelo ezinoshukela, kwathi ku-fú zhuān — iphunga eliphawulekayo le-jīn huā elinjengekhwa.
Iphunga lotshwala: Linezendlalelo eziningi, livuleka ngokushintshashintsha. Ekuqaleni kwegagasi lokuqala kugqama amanothi ejinja nemithi, aguqulwa kancane kancane amanothi ezithelo ezomisiwe ne-candied fruit (果脯蜜饯香, guǒ pǔ mì jiàn xiāng). Phansi kwenkomishi (杯底香, bēi dǐ xiāng) iphunga lihlala isikhathi eside — uphawu lwe-Gǔ yī hēi chá ekahle. Ku-fú zhuān kunephunga elibonakalayo le-jùnhuā xiāng (菌花香).
Ukunambitheka: Ukugwinya kokuqala kwembula ukumuncu okuncane (微苦, wēi kǔ) kanye nokunciphisa okuphawulekayo (收敛性强, shōu liǎn xìng qiáng), okusikhumbuza isimo se-sheng pu’er esencane. Kodwa ubumuncu buphela ngokushesha buthathelwa yisiphetho esimnandi esisheshayo (回甘快, huí gān kuài) — esinye sezimpawu eziyinhloko zaleli tiye. Umzimba wotshwala uminyene, mnene (醇厚, chún hòu), ukuthambeka kushelele futhi kuthambile (柔滑, róu huá). Njengoba likhula, ubukhali buyancipha, ubumnandi bujule. Amatiye aneminyaka eyishumi nangaphezulu abonakala ngokuthambeka okuwoli, okunamathelayo (粘稠, niánchóu).
Umbala wotshwala: Iwolintshi ophuzi (橙黄, chéng huáng), ogqamile, osobala. Ngokwanda kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa umbala ujula ufinyelela kokubomvu okusawolintshi nobomvu okunsundu. Etiyeni elincane, utshwala bungahle bukhanye, bube nokucwazimula okuluhlaza.
Insimbi yetiye (iqabunga elenziwe itiye): Amaqabunga ayavuleka, embule umbala omnyama onsundu ngokucwazimula okubomvu. Iziqu namaqabunga aphelele ziyabonakala. Iqabunga liyanwebeka, alibuthuntu — uphawu lokuvutshelwa okulungile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenol: Izinga lama-polyphenol liphansi kunetiye eliluhlaza, kodwa liguqulwe kakhulu ngenxa yokuvutshelwa kwamagciwane. Ama-catechin abola ngokwengxenye abe yi-theaflavin nama-thearubigin, ahlinzeka ubumnandi bokunambitheka nombala ogcwele wotshwala. Ukuba khona “kwezimbali zegolide” ku-fú zhuān kwengeza ukuguqulwa kwephrofayili ye-polyphenol: i-Eurotium cristatum ibhidliza ingxenye yezinto ezinomshungu, inciphisa ubumuncu.
Ama-Amino acid: I-L-theanine ikhona, izinga layo livuna izimo zokutshalwa ezisezintabeni ngaphansi kokukhanya okusabalalisiwe. linomthelela ekwakhekeni kwesiphetho esimnandi, esithambile.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine (2–4% wesisindo esomile), i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Ngenxa yokuvutshelwa isikhathi eside nokuvuthwa, i-caffeine ekhululekile ihlanganiswa ngokwengxenye nama-polyphenol, okwenza umthelela wokuvuselela ube mnene futhi uthathe isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa netiye eliluhlaza.
Amavithamini: Amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂, B₆), ivithamini PP (nicotinic acid), imikhondo yevithamini C. Izinga lamavithamini ancibilikayo emafutheni (E, K) liyanda ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa kwamagciwane.
Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-fluoride, i-zinc, i-selenium. Itiye elivela ezindaweni ezinezintaba zase-Yi liqukethe izinga eliphezulu le-manganese ne-zinc ngenxa yokwakheka kwamaminerali enhlabathini.
Amafutha abalulekile: Anendima enkulu ekwakhekeni kwephunga eliyingqayizivele lejinja nemithi. Izakhi zamakha ezingashintshi zihlanganisa i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-citronellol kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-terpenoid eziphawulekayo ematiyeni avutshelwe ngemva. Isigaba “sokuphakamisa iphunga” ngomhwamuko siqalisa ukukhululwa kwamafutha abalulekile.
Izici: I-fú zhuān iqukethe uhide lwemethabolithi ye-Eurotium cristatum, ehlanganisa izinhlobo eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili zama-amino acid kanye nezakhi ezingaphezu kuka-450 ezisebenza ngokwebhayoloji. Futhi kuphawuleka ukuba khona kwezakhi ezifana ne-lovastatin, ezibamba iqhaza ekulawuleni ukusebenza kwamafutha emzimbeni.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Ukuthuthukisa okugqamile ukugaya ukudla (消食, xiāo shí): I-Gǔ yī hēi chá ngokwendabuko nangokunengqondo ithathwa njengenye “yamatiye okugaya” angcono kakhulu. Ama-enzyme amagciwane ahlukanisa amafutha namaprotheni, asheshise ukugayeka kokudla okunzima. Umphumela wawubaluleke kakhulu ezizweni eziyimizulane kanye nezakhamuzi zezifundazwe eziseningizimu ezinenyama enamafutha.
Ukwehlisa izinga lamafutha nokulwa nokukhuluphala (去肥腻, qù féi nì): Ama-polyphenol nemethabolithi “yezimbali zegolide” kusiza ekulawuleni izinga le-cholesterol ne-triglyceride egazini. Itiye lincomeka ngokwendabuko ngemva kokudla okuningi okunamafutha.
Ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant: I-theaflavin ne-thearubigin, kanye nemikhiqizo ye-metabolism yamagciwane, inekhono lokunciphisa ama-radical akhululekile, ibambezele izinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli.
Ukusebenza kokulwa nokuvuvukala nokulwa namagciwane (清热止血, 解毒消肿, qīng rè zhǐ xuè, jiě dú xiāo zhǒng): Umuthi wendabuko waseChina ubheka kakhulu i-ān chá ngenxa yekhono “lokuhlanza ukushisa nokumisa ukopha”, “ukukhipha ubuthi nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala”. Ngekhulu le-19 odokotela baseLinnan babesebenzisa leli tiye ukulwa nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe e-Guangdong, futhi ngo-2003 isidingo se-ān chá sakhula ngokumangalisayo ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwe-SARS — eningizimu yeChina lalisetshenziswa njengengxenye yemithi yesintu.
Umphumela wokuvuselela (益寿提神, yì shòu tí shén): Ngokwezilinganiso zendabuko, umphumela wokuvuselela we-Gǔ yī hēi chá udlula owetiye eliluhlaza elijwayelekile, kuyilapho umnene futhi uthatha isikhathi eside.
Ukwenza kube semthethweni i-microflora yamathumbu: Izakhiwo ze-probiotic, ezihlobene nokuba khona kwemethabolithi ekhova ewusizo (ikakhulukazi ku-fú zhuān), zisekela ibhalansi enempilo ye-microflora yamathumbu.
Ukuqinisa isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwetiye elimnyama kuhlotshaniswa nokwehliswa komfutho wegazi nokuthuthukiswa kokunwebeka kwezindonga zemithambo yegazi.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 100°C — amanzi abilayo aphelele. Ukuvuleka ngokuphelele kwephunga nokunambitheka kwe-Gǔ yī hēi chá kudinga izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu.
Inani letiye: Isilinganiso sika-1:40 (ngokwesibonelo, 5 g wetiye kuml wamanzi angu-200). Ngetiye elicindezelweyo — gcwalisa iketela ngenhlaka ngengxenye eyodwa kwezine.
Imbiza: Kukhethwa imbiza yobumba (陶壶, táo hú) noma iketela le-Yixing elenziwe ngomcako onsomi (紫砂壶, zǐ shā hú). Isakhiwo sezimbotshena zomcako simunca izwi “lenqolobane” (堆味, duī wèi), elivamile etiyeni elimnyama elincane, futhi sisize ekuvuleni iphunga elihlanzekile. Kudingidwa ukunambitha, i-gaiwan nayo iyasebenza.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza imbiza (温杯, wēn bēi): Geza iketela nezinkomishi ngamanzi abilayo ukuze kufudumale ngokulinganayo.
2. Ukufaka itiye (投茶, tóu chá): Faka itiye eketeleni elifudunyeziwe (ngengxenye eyodwa kwezine laminye ithuba lezitini zetiye, 5–7 g ngetiye elisenhlakeni).
3. Ukuwasha (洗茶, xǐ chá): Thela amanzi abilayo, ulinde imizuzwana emi-5 bese uwakhipha ngokushesha. Lesi sigaba “sivusa” iqabunga futhi sisuse uthuli.
4. Ukutheleka kokuqala: Thela amanzi abilayo, ulinde imizuzwana engu-15, bese usabalalisa.
5. Okwesibili nokwesithathu: Isikhathi sokugxilisa imizuzwana engu-10.
6. Okwesine kuya kwesesikhombisa: Yandisa isikhathi siye emizuzwaneni engu-20, bese wengeza imizuzwana emi-5–10 ekuthelekeni okulandelayo ngakunye.
7. Ukulungiselela kokugcina: Lapho itiye seliqala ukuphela emandleni ekuthelekeni (ngokuvamile ngemva kwe-7–8), iqabunga elisele lingafakwa eketeleni lokubilisa (煮饮, zhǔ yǐn). Ukubilisa kuyindlela yendabuko nenconywayo yezinhlobo ezindala (陈茶, chén chá): lapho kubilisiwe kuvela amanothi ajulile angeke akhishwe ngokutheleka.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Gǔ yī hēi chá ingeyesigaba samatiye aba ngcono ngeminyaka (越陈越香, yuè chén yuè xiāng — “indala ikhula ibe nephunga elimnandi”). Isikhathi esincane esinconywayo sokuvuthwa — iminyaka emithathu; isikhathi esihle — kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu nangaphezulu. Itiye elivuthwe iminyaka engu-10+ lithathwa njengelivuthiwe futhi libaluleke kakhulu.

Indawo: Igumbi elomile, elipholile, elimnyama, elinomoya omuhle. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
Izinga lokushisa: 15–30°C, ngaphandle kokushintsha okungazelelwe.
Umswakama: 50–70%. Umswakama owedlulele uholela ekukhuleni kwesikhunta esingafuneki, umswakama onganele uholela ekomeni nokumiswa kwezinqubo zokuvuthwa.
Isitsha: Emakhanda okukhiqiza kusetshenziswa izinqolobane zokhuni (木仓). Ekhaya kungasetshenziswa iphepha le-kraft, ibhokisi lamakhadibhodi, isitsha soqalo. Kuvunyelwe ukugcina ngaphandle kokupakishwa ekhabetheni letiye elikhethekile. Akunconywa ngempela izitsha ezivalwe ngokuphelele — itiye kumele “liphefumule”.
Izitha zetiye: Iphunga langaphandle (ligcinwe lihlukene nezipayisi, amakha, imithi yokuhlanza yasekhaya), ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, umswakama owedlulele, izinambuzane.

11. Intengo Nemikhohliso:

I-Gǔ yī hēi chá ithatha isigaba sentengo esimaphakathi phakathi kwamatiye amnyama aseChina. I-tiān jiān encane itholakala ngentengo emaphakathi, kuyilapho izitini ezivuthiwe ne-huā juǎn ezineminyaka eminingi yokuvuthwa zingabiza kakhulu. Izinto eziyinhloko ezinomthelela entengo: ubudala betiye (陈化年份), uhlobo lomkhiqizo (fú zhuān enama-“jīn huā” amaningi ibaluleke kakhulu), ikhwalithi yezinto ezingavuthiwe (izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisezintabeni zase-Měixī ziyabiza), ukubaluleka kwezobuciko (izitini zetiye zokuhlobisa ezinokubaza kwe-Huizhou — izinto zokuqoqa).

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohliswa:

Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe: Funafuna izindawo ezisemthethweni zebhrendi “Gǔ Yī” (古黟) noma izitolo zetiye ezikhethekile. Inkampani “Tianfang” inezindawo zokuthengisa ezingaphezu kuka-300 kulo lonke elaseChina.
Hlola ukubukeka ngaphandle: I-Gǔ yī hēi chá yangempela inombala onsundu omnyama, onsundu ngamalahle. Iqabunga kumele liphelele, lineziqu ezibonakalayo. Ku-fú zhuān lapho kwephulwa kumele kubonakale “izimbali zegolide” — amachashazi egolide asabalaliswe ngokulinganayo. Isikhunta esimpunga noma esimnyama esingenalo iphunga eliphawulekayo siwuphawu lwesikhunta esivamile, hhayi “ijīn huā”.
Linganisa iphunga: Kumele kube khona ithoni yejinja nemithi, ngaphandle kokunuka nokunuka okungajabulisi. Iphunga “lejīn huā” — lipholile, linjengekhwa, lisikhumbuza iphunga lehlathi.
Zama utshwala: Utshwala kumele bucwebe, bube womlothi ophuzi, bubuyele emuva ngokushesha. Utshwala obuluhlaza, obumuncu noma obubabile wuphawu lokonakala noma ukukhohliswa.
Naka intengo: Intengo esolisayo ephansi “yetiye elivuthiwe” iyisizathu sokungabaza. Itiye langempela elivuthwe iminyaka eyishumi alikwazi ukubiza kancane.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

“Itiye Elingcwele” LaseNingizimu-mpumalanga Ye-Asia: Ngekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 i-ān chá (umanduleli we-Gǔ yī hēi chá) yayibaluleke kakhulu e-Guangdong nasemazweni aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kangangokuba yayibizwa ngokuthi “itiye elingcwele” (圣茶). Abadobi basogwini lweningizimu yeChina babeyisebenzisa njengomuthi wokuphazamiseka kwesisu okubangelwa ukuphuza amanzi anosawoti olwandle: babepheka itiye eziko bese bephuza umhluzi.
Inganekwane Ngendela: Ngokwenganekwane, ngo-1725 indela u-Miaojing (妙静师太) wasesigodini sasezintabeni e-Yi wawashiya ngengozi amaqabunga etiye asongiwe ubusuku bonke ngaphandle. Amazolo asekuseni nenkungu kwawaguqula aba yinhlama emnyama, indela yawugoqa ngamaqabunga oqalo futhi yawalengisa ukuba ome. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lapho egula, waphuza leli tiye elalikhohliwe — futhi welapheka. Ngaleyo ndlela, ngokwenganekwane, kwavela ubuchwepheshe be-ān chá.
Ukubuya Ekulahlekelweni: Ngo-1983 u-Guān Fènfā (关奋发), usihlalo we-Hong Kong Tea Development Foundation, wathumela e-Anhui iphasela eliqukethe i-ān chá endala nencwadi ecela ukuvuselelwa kokukhiqizwa “kwetiye elingcwele”. Kwathatha cishe iminyaka eyishumi yokuhlola ngaphambi kokuba ngo-1992 ikhwalithi yetiye elivuselelwe yamukelwe ngabahloli baseHong Kong.
Ubuciko Etiyeni: I-Gǔ yī hēi chá iwukuphela kwetiye elimnyama eChina lapho kusetshenziswa khona ngokuhleliwe ukubaza kwe-Huizhou ekukhiqizweni kwalo. Izingcweti zenza kusukela etiyeni elicindezelweyo amakhophi amancane ezindawo ezihehayo zase-Huangshan — amabhuloho, ama-pagoda, izindawo zezintaba. Lezi “zithombe zetiye” ngasikhathi sinye ziyimisebenzi yobuciko netiye eliphelele, elifanele ukwenziwa.
“Okuyisihlanu Okumnyama” Kwase-Yi: I-Gǔ yī hēi chá ingeyabahlanu abadumile bemikhiqizo “emnyama” yesigodi sase-Yi (五黑产业, wǔ hēi chǎnyè), ingumfanekiso ophawulekayo womnotho wendawo kanye norayisi omnyama, izinkukhu ezimnyama, amapulamu amnyama nempoqo emnyama.

13. Izinhlobo Ze-Gǔ Yī Hēi Chá:

Fú Zhuān (茯砖, Fú Zhuān) — “isitini se-fú”: Itiye elicindezelwe laba yisitini, isici saso esikhulu — ukuba khona “kwezimbali zegolide” (金花, jīn huā), amakholoni ekhova eliwusizo i-Eurotium cristatum. Linephunga eliphawulekayo le-jùnhuā (菌花香), ukunambitheka okuthambile, okuncane okumnandi. Lithathwa njengelinomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekugayeni ukudla nasekulawuleni ukusebenza kwamafutha. Luhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu lwe-Gǔ yī hēi chá.
Tiān Jiān (天尖, Tiān Jiān) — “Ucijo Lwasezulwini”: Itiye elisenhlakeni (elikhiphekayo), elenziwe ngezinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile kakhulu. Liphawuleka ngezinga eliphezulu lamakha, ukunambitheka okuhle nokucwengilekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo ezicindezelwe. Iphunga elihlanzekile, elicacile elinamanothi ejinja neimbali. Kufanele ukwenziwa nsuku zonke ngokutheleka.
Hēi Zhuān (黑砖, Hēi Zhuān) — “Isitini Esimnyama”: Itiye elicindezelwe ngokuqinile linombala omnyama, cishe omnyama. Linomthamo omkhulu futhi liqinile, okuqinisekisa ukugcinwa okuhle kakhulu uma ligcinwa isikhathi eside. Ukunambitheka kugcwele, kucebile, kunomshungu ogqamile. Kufanelekele ukuvuthwa isikhathi eside.
Huā Juǎn (花卷, Huā Juǎn) — “Umqulu Wezimbali”: Itiye elicindezelwe laba isilinda esisesibhasikidini soqalo — ngokuhambisana ne-qiān liáng chá (千两茶) yaseHunan. Ngaphakathi kwesilinda ukuvutshelwa okuhamba kancane kusaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi. Luhlobo “lokuqoqa” oluneqophelo elikhulu lokuvuthwa.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Gǔ yī hēi chá itiye elinesiphetho esimangalisayo: lazalelwa enkungwini yezintaba zaseHuizhou yasendulo, ladunyiswa abahwebi ezimakethe zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, lakhohlwa iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu futhi lavuselelwa ngemizamo yabashisekeli. Lithwala umoya wamasiko amabili amakhulu etiye — ubuhle base-Anhui nobuqiniso baseHunan, liwahlanganisele emkhiqizweni oyingqayizivele, othakazelisa ngokulinganayo abathandi be-sheng pu’er (ngenxa “yobungqabavu basendle” bezinhlobo ezisencane) nabahloniphi bama-hēi chá avuthiwe (ngenxa yobujule obuthambile betiye elivuthiwe). Iphunga lawo lejinja nemithi, “ukubuyela okusheshayo kobumnandi” kanye nekhono elimangalisayo lokuguquka lisuke ekubeni itiye elincane elinenkani libe yindoda endala ethambile, enamafutha, kwenza i-Gǔ yī hēi chá ibe ngomunye “wamadimoni abuthaka” athembisayo phakathi kwamatiye amnyama aseChina. Kulabo abafuna okuthile okungaphandle kwe-mainstream yama-pu’er ne-ānhuà hēi chá — lokhu kuyisambulo sangempela.