Gougunao Cha · new.thetea.app

I-Gougunao Cha ingenye yamatiye ahloniphekile esifundazweni sase-Jiangxi, eyazuza indondo yegolide eMbukisweni Womhlaba WasePanama-Pacific ngo-1915 futhi iwumkhiqizo ovikelwe uphawu lwendawo (GI). Leli tiye eliluhlaza elinomlando ongaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili lithandwa ngenxa yesimo salo seqabunga elomile elihle, iphunga elihlanzekile lamakheshineli nama-chestnuts kanye nokunambitheka okuhlaziyayo, okuqhubekayo nokunoshukela.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendabuko:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá) — elingavutshelwanga, izinga le-oxidation lingaphansi kuka-5%. Ukumiswa kwama-enzyme kwenziwa ngokushisa (杀青, shāqīng).
Isigaba: Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile lesifunda saseShayina; umkhiqizo ovikelwe uphawu lwendawo (国家地理标志产品, Guójiā Dìlǐ Biāozhì Chǎnpǐn); luhlanganiswe ohlwini ‘Lwemikhiqizo Emidala YaseShayina’ (中华老字号, Zhōnghuá Lǎo Zìhào) yoMnyango Wezohwebo wase-PRC (2011). Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza bubhaliswe kwirejista yamagugu angaphatheki esifundazweni sase-Jiangxi (2008).
Indabuko: I-Shayina, isifundazwe sase-Jiangxi (江西, Jiāngxī), idolobha lase-Ji’an (吉安, Jí’ān), isifunda sase-Suichuan (遂川, Suìchuān). Isizinda sokukhiqiza yintaba i-Gougunao (狗牯脑山, Gǒugǔnǎo Shān) eduze kwedolobhana lase-Tanghu (汤湖镇, Tānghú Zhèn). Indawo evikelwe yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa sonke isifunda sokuphatha sase-Suichuan; ingqikithi yendawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni ifinyelela cishe ku-200 000 mu (≈ 13 300 ha).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: ≈ 26.3° N, 114.5° E (ngokwesikhungo sesifunda sase-Suichuan; amasimu amakhulu asendaweni esezintabeni eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesifunda, emazansi oKhahlamba lwaseLuoxiao).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Umsuka we-Gougunao Cha ubuyela esikhathini sobukhosi bakwa-Qing (清, Qīng). Ngesikhathi sokubusa ngaphansi kwesiqubulo sika-Jiaqing (嘉庆, Jiāqìng), cishe ngonyaka we-1796, umgwedli wezingodo ogama lakhe lingu-Liang Weiyi (梁为镒, Liáng Wéiyì) wafika eNanjing ngemva kokuphahlazeka kwesihlahla futhi washada nentombazane yendawo enesibongo u-Yang (杨氏), eyayinekhono emsebenzini wetiye. Lo mbhangqwana waletha imbewu yetiye evela eNanjing e-Suichuan, wazinza eNtabeni i-Gougunao futhi wasungula ingadi yetiye — kanjalo kwaqala isiko letiye lakule ndawo. Ubuciko bokukhiqiza badluliselwa emndenini wakwa-Liang ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane futhi isikhathi eside bahlala ‘beyimfihlo yomndeni’.

Ngo-1915, umthengisi wetiye wendawo u-Li Yushan (李玉山, Lǐ Yùshān) walungisa ngeqabunga leNtaba i-Gougunao izinhlobo ezintathu — ‘izinaliti zesiliva’ (银针, yínzhēn), ‘izilimi zondlunkulu’ (雀舌, quèshé) kanye ‘neparele eliyindilinga’ (圆珠, yuánzhū), ikhilogremu elilodwa ngayinye — wazithumela eMbukisweni Womhlaba WasePanama-Pacific (巴拿马太平洋国际博览会) eSan Francisco. Itiye lathola indondo yegolide futhi lanikezwa isiqu esithi ‘itiye eliluhlaza elihle kakhulu’ (顶上绿茶). Ngo-1930, umzukulu ka-Li Yushan — u-Li Wenlong (李文龙, Lǐ Wénlóng) — wethula itiye ngaphansi kwegama elithi ‘Yushan Cha’ (玉山茶, ‘Itiye LaseNtabeni YeJade’) embukisweni ohlangene wemikhiqizo yaseZhejiang naseJiangxi futhi wathola indawo yokuqala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama lomlando elithi ‘Gougunao Cha’ labuya. Ngo-1964, kwasungulwa ifektri yetiye kahulumeni yesifunda sase-Suichuan. Ngo-1982, itiye lahlonishwa ngesiqu esithi ‘Itiye Elidumile Lesifundazwe sase-Jiangxi’; ngo-1988 — indondo yegolide yoMbukiso Wokuqala Kazwelonke Wezokudla; ngo-1992 — indondo yegolide yeHholo Lezokudla Lomhlaba LaseHong Kong. Ngo-2004, iHhovisi Eliphezulu Lokulawula Ikhwalithi le-PRC lagunyaza ukuvikelwa kwegama lembonakalo yendawo ‘Gougunao Cha’. Ngo-2010, itiye lakhethelwa ukumela isifundazwe sase-Jiangxi eMbukisweni Womhlaba WaseShanghai EXPO, lapho lathola khona indondo yegolide phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Ngo-2015 — indondo yegolide eMbukisweni Womhlaba WaseMilan.
Igama:
- 狗 (gǒu) — inja;
- 牯 (gǔ) — inkabi yenkomo (egameni lesifunda, futhi: ‘igquma lamatshe’);
- 脑 (nǎo) — ikhanda, isiqongo. Intaba ngokuma kwayo ifana nekhanda lenja, yingakho le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Gougunao (狗牯脑). Itiye liqanjwe ngendawo elitshalwe kuyo. Esikhathini esithile itiye lalibuye libizwe nge-‘Gougunao Shishan Cha’ (狗牯脑石山茶, ‘itiye lasentabeni yamatshe elivela eNtabeni i-Gougunao’).
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Esifundeni sase-Suichuan kunomusho odumile othi ‘三宝’ (amagugu amathathu ase-Suichuan): amakumquat esiliva (金桔, jīnjú), ibhodi lokusikela idada (板鸭, bǎnyā) kanye netiye i-Gougunao. Itiye liwuphawu lwesifunda, liyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho wendawo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezolimo: amasimu etiye atholakala kuzo zonke izintaba zoKhahlamba lwaseLuoxiao, futhi ukuthengiswa kwenziwa ngendlela evamile nangezohwebo nge-elekthronikhi. Kusukela esikhathini seNyakatho ne-Song, imbongi u-Su Shi (苏轼, Sū Shì), ngenkathi edlula ezindaweni zase-Suichuan, yadumisa itiye lendawo ngezinkondlo, yashiya imigqa ‘ngamatshe abilayo ethipeni lamatshe’.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nomhlaba Wokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Isisekelo sekhwalithi ephezulu yinhlobo yendawo yamaqembu e-Gougunao (狗牯脑本地群体种, Gǒugǔnǎo běndì qúntǐ zhǒng) — Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, isimo sesihlahla (灌木型, guànmù xíng), usayizi weqabunga ophakathi (中叶类, zhōngyè lèi), isikhathi esimaphakathi sokukhula (中生种, zhōngshēng zhǒng). Isihlahla sibonakala ngesihlahla esikhulayo esinamagatsha aminyene, uboya obuningi emahlumela asemancane kanye nokubekezelela isithwathwa okuhle. Amahlumela namacembe amancane anombala ohlaza okhanyayo, iqabunga liyindilinga- okude, lihlaza okumnyama, liwugqinsi futhi licinene. Umjikelezo kusukela ekuveleni kwehlumela kuze kube ukulungela ukuvunwa izinsuku eziyi-18–21, okuqinisekisa ukunqwabelana okuhamba kancane kwezakhi zephunga nokunambitheka. Ngaphandle kwenhlobo yendawo, kulesi sifunda kuyalinywa: iFuding Da Bai Cha (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dàbái Chá) — amahlumela anombala ohlaza okhanyayo, iqabunga lincane, ukuvuleka kuyashesha (izinsuku eziyi-12–15), ikhwalithi yetiye incane kunaleyo yenhlobo yomdabu; kanye nezinhlobo eziphuma kusenesikhathi i-Wuniu Zao (乌牛早, Wūniú Zǎo) ne-Baihao Zao (白毫早, Báiháo Zǎo) — isimo seqabunga esixegayo, iphunga elingaqhamukiyo kangako; azithathwa njengezisetshenziswa zendabuko ze-Gougunao Cha zamazinga aphezulu.
Ukuvunwa: Kuqala ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Emaqenjini akhethekile, ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngesandla ngokuqinile. Imithetho: akuthathwa emazweni, akuthathwa emvuleni, akuthathwa ekushiseni kwasemini. Ngemva kokuvunwa, amaqabunga ahlelwa ngokucophelela, kukhishwa amahlumela ansomi (紫芽, zǐyá), amashidi angawodwa kanye ‘namaqabunga enhlanzi’ (鱼叶, yúyè).
Indinganiso yokuvunwa: Amazinga aphezulu — ihlumela elilodwa (单芽, dānyá) ngaphambi koMkhosi we-Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng); aphakathi — ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa elivulekile (一芽一叶, yī yá yī yè); inqwaba — ihlumela elilodwa namacembe amabili (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Iqembu ngalinye lifanele ukufana ngobuncane, ukuhlanzeka kanye nokusha.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Ezikhethekile Zokutshalwa:

Isimo sezwe kanye nesimo sezulu: INtaba i-Gougunao engaphezulu kwamamitha angama-900 ngaphezu kolwandle ikhuphukela emazansi aseningizimu yoKhahlamba lwaseLuoxiao (罗霄山脉, Luóxiāo Shānmài). Eningizimu ikhawulelwe yi-Five Finger Peak (五指峰, Wǔzhǐ Fēng), enyakatho yiTshe leLion (老虎岩, Lǎohǔ Yán). Isimo sezulu siwukushintshashintsha kwe-subtropical, kunomswakama, futhi kupholile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo — cishe u-18.5 °C (ngokwemininingwane yesiteshi sezulu sesifunda — 19.1 °C); isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-250 (ngokwesilinganiso cishe izinsuku ezingama-350); imvula yonyaka ephakathi nendawo — cishe i-1525 mm. Izintaba zihlala zimbozwe amafu nenkungu unyaka wonke; usuku olufushane lokukhanya kanye nokukhanya okusakazekile okuningi kunomthelela ekunqwabelaneni kwama-amino acid, i-caffeine nezakhi zephunga eqabungeni.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Amasimu amakhulu asezingeni eliphakeme kwamamitha angama-400–1000 ngalenhla kolwandle. Isizinda siyimithambeka yeNtaba i-Gougunao (≈ 900 m), lapho izingadi zetiye zigxile engxenyeni emaphakathi yesifunda sezintaba.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ene-asidi encane (pH ≈ 5.2) enesihlabathi nohlaka (麻沙泥土, máshā nítǔ), eyakhiwe ngokuguguleka kwamatshe egranite; ichumile ngama-organic matter. Emazansi entaba kunemithombo eshisayo — isici esiyingqayizivele se-terroir, enza isimo sezulu esincane esizinzile.
Imvelo: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi esifundeni sase-Suichuan kufinyelela kuma-78–79%. Ukugcwala kwama-ion amabi — ngaphezu kuka-5 600 nge-cm². Lesi sifunda sidabula ‘indlela yezinyoni yenkulungwane yeminyaka’ (千年鸟道, Qiānnián Niǎodào) — umzila wokufuduka kwezinyoni obaluleke emhlabeni. Ukungabikho kokungcola kwezimboni kanye nokumboza okuphezulu kwehlathi kwenza izimo zokulima itiye oluhlaza oluphilayo ezintabeni eziphakeme.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Gougunao Cha igqama ngobuchwepheshe obuyingqayizivele ‘bokufakaza kabili — ukusonta kabili’ (两次杀青、两次揉捻, liǎng cì shāqīng, liǎng cì róuniǎn), okuqinisekisa ubumsulwa obukhethekile bephunga kanye nomzimba othambile wokuncweliswa. Yonke inqubo yamazinga aphezulu yenziwa ngesandla.

Ukuvunwa (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ekuseni kakhulu, ngokuqinile ngokohlelo lwengxenye. Amahlumela avuniwe alethwa ngokushesha efektri.
Ukwenza ubuthakathaka / ukusakaza (摊青 — tānqīng): Icemele elisha lisakazwa ngokulinganayo ekamelweni elinomoya ukuze kuhlanganiswe umswakama kanye nokwehlisa kokuqala ‘ukuhlabeka kohlaza’. Isikhathi sincike esimweni sezulu kanye nakumswakama wezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
Ukufakaza kokuqala (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazinga epanini phezu komlilo wezinkuni noma wamalahle. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lenza ama-oxidase angasebenzi, limise umbala oluhlaza kanye nephunga elisha. Isikhathi esibalulekile ukuphatha kahle izinga lokushisa: ukushisa ngokweqile kuveza ubukrakra kanye nokunambitheka ‘okuthosiwe’, ukungashisi ngokwanele kushiya ‘ubuluhlaza obungavuthiwe’.
Ukuqala ukusonta (初揉 — chūróu): Ukusonta okulingene ngesandla ukuze kuhlanganiswe ijusi yamaseli ebusweni beqabunga.
Ukufakaza kwesibili (杀二青 — shā èr qīng): Ukugazinga okuphindaphindiwe ezingeni lokushisa elehlisiwe ngandlela thize — kujulisa iphunga futhi ‘kwomisa’ iqabunga kube yiplastiki edingekayo.
Ukuphinda ukusonta (复揉 — fùróu): Ukusonta okunamandla kakhudlwana ukuze kwakhe isimo sokugcina kanye nokuqinisa ‘umzimba’ wokuncweliswa.
Ukubumba nokuphakamisa uboya (整形提毫 — zhěngxíng tíháo): Umsebenzi othambile wezandla: icembe linikezwa isimo esifana ‘nekhala’ noma esisontekile kancane, kuyilapho kuphuma uboya obusiliva (白毫, báiháo) ebusweni.
Ukomiswa kokugcina (足干 — zúgān): Ukomiswa okuhamba kancane kuze kube umswakama osele ≤ 6%, okuqinisekisa ukuqina lapho kugcinwa. Njengomlilo kusetshenziswa amalahle ezinkuni noma izinkuni ezixubile, kugwemeka izinhlobo ezine-resin ezinikeza iphunga elingaphandle.
Ukuhlunga nokupakisha: Ukususwa kwezingcezu ezinkulu, ukulawula ukufana kweqembu; ukupakisha nokugcinwa kwenzeka ngendlela yokusebenza ehlukile kweyejwayelekile — ingxenye yefa lendawo.

6. Izici Ze-Organoleptic:

Isimo seqabunga elomile ngaphandle: Isimo — ‘esinjengekhala’ (眉形, méixíng), sisontekile kancane; ukusonteka kuqinile futhi kuhle (紧结秀丽, jǐnjié xiùlì). Umbala — uluhlaza okumnyama onombala ophumayo oyi-ink nephuli (黛绿, dàilǜ); ubuso bumbozwe uboya obusiliva obuthambile (白毫, báiháo), okunika icemele ukukhanya okukhethekile.
Iphunga lecemele elomile: Lihlanzekile, liphakeme (清高, qīnggāo). Kunamaphunga amakhulu e-orchid (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng) kanye ne-chestnut eyosiwe (栗香, lìxiāng); ngasemuva — izici ezicashile zezithelo nezehlathi.
Iphunga lokuncweliswa: Li-elegant, lisha; umugqa we-orchid uvuleka ngokugcwele, uthuthukiswe i-veil ethambile yezimbali nohlaza.
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kunomsoco (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), kunoshukela omuhle (甘, gān), ‘nomzimba’ oqinile (醇厚, chúnhòu). Ubukrakra abunakuba khona cishe nhlobo uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lilungile. ‘Ubumnandi obubuyayo’ obugqamile (回甘, huígān) — buma isikhathi eside futhi buhlanzekile, bunomuzwa wokuphola.
Umbala wokuncweliswa: Obala, kusuka kusagolide okhanyayo kuya kowolintshi osagolide (橙亮清碧, chéng liàng qīng bì). Ubuso abunawo amabhamuza; ama-tea leaves ahlezi phansi ngokushesha.
I-tea leaf (iqabunga elimanziswe): Amaqabunga amancane aphelele, amasha, aluhlaza okukhanyayo, agcwele amandla; ingxenye efanayo iqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokuvuna.

7. Uhlaka Lwamakhemikhali:

I-Gougunao Cha ibonakala ngesilinganiso esilinganiselayo sama-amino acid kuma-polyphenol cishe ku-1:5, okuyenza igqame phakathi kwamanye amatiye aluhlaza afanayo futhi kuklama iphrofayili emnene, enoshukela yokunambitheka.

AmaPolyphenol etiye (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Okuqukethwe eqabungeni lasentwasahlobo — cishe u-28%; izingxenye ezinkulu ngama-catechin, okubalwa i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), anikeza amandla e-antioxidant.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Okuqukethwe — cishe u-3.8%, kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine — ingxenye eyisihluthulelo ebhekele ubumnandi bokunambitheka (甘, gān) kanye nomphumela osebenzisanayo ‘wokuvusa ngaphandle kokukhathazeka’ uma kuhlangene ne-caffeine.
I-Caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn): Okuqukethwe okulingene; kuhlangene ne-theanine kunikeza ukuvuselela okuhamba kancane ngaphandle kokuphakama okubukhali nokuwa.
Amavithamini: C, B₁, B₂, E, K; okuqukethwe kwevithamini C kungaphezulu kwesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza ngenxa yokukhula okuhamba kancane ezintabeni.
Izinto eziyimaminerali: Isici esihlukile ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-microelement. Ngokwemininingwane ye-Jiangxi Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Centre, i-Gougunao Cha iqukethe i-selenium (Se) — cishe u-0.2 mg/kg ne-zinc (Zn) — cishe u-54 mg/kg, okuphakeme kakhulu kunamazinga amaningi amatiye aluhlaza afanayo. Kuphawulwa nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium (Ca) ne-magnesium (Mg).
Amafutha abalulekile nezakhi zephunga: Ngenxa yendawo esezintabeni ephezulu enokukhanya okusakazekile kanye nomehluko omkhulu wokushisa phakathi nemini nobusuku, icemele linqwabelanisa inani eliphezulu lezakhi zephunga eziguquguqukayo, ezakha isixha esiyingqayizivele se-orchid ne-chestnut.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

Umphumela wokuvuselela (提神醒脑, tíshén xǐngnǎo): I-caffeine kanye ne-L-theanine kunikeza amandla amnene, okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kuthuthukisa ukugxila, ngaphandle kokubangela ukukhathazeka.
Ukuvikelwa yi-antioxidant: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) kuqeda ama-radical akhululekile, kubambezele ukucindezelwa kwe-oxidative kwamaseli.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla (消食去腻, xiāoshí qùnì): Ngokwesiko itiye liphuzwa ngemva kokudla okunamafutha ukuze kube lula ukugaya futhi kususwe umuzwa wokusindwa.
Ukusekela inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol anomthelela ekuqiniseni izindonga zama-capillary amancane, angasiza ekulawuleni izinga le-cholesterol kanye nomfutho wegazi.
Imisebenzi yengqondo: I-L-theanine ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwama-alpha wave obuchopho, okwenza kube lula ukuphumula futhi kukhuphule ukuqaphela.
Isikhumba nokulwa nokuguga: Ama-polyphenol e-antioxidant asekela ukuqina kwesikhumba futhi abambezele izinqubo zokuguga okubangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Ukusekela ngama-microelement: Ukuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-selenium ne-zinc — izakhi ezibalulekile zomsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezinhlelo ze-enzyme ezi-antioxidant emzimbeni.

Qaphela: I-Gougunao Cha ingumkhiqizo wokudla, hhayi umuthi. Abantu abanesisu esibuhlungu bayanconywa ukuba bagweme ukuyidla bengadlile; uma benezinkinga zokulala — banciphise ukuyithatha ntambama. Ama-tannin aqukethwe etiyeni angase anciphise ukumuncwa kwe-iron ekudleni, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuphuza itiye ngesikhathi sokudla.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiyi:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–90 °C (amanzi abilisiwe apholiswe imizuzu emi-2–3). Amanzi abilayo awavunyelwe — aqinisa ubukrakra futhi abhubhise amaphunga athambile.
Inani letiye: 3 g ku-150 ml (ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yengilazi ekhanyelayo (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi) — ukuze ujabulele ‘ukudansa kweqabunga’ ngokubuka; i-porcelain gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — ukuze kuvuleke ngokugcwele iphunga. Kwamukelekile nethiyela encane ye-porcelain.
Inqubo (engilazini / ku-gaiwan):
1. Shisisa izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo; thulula.
2. Thela itiye. Vumela icemele ‘livuke’ imizuzwana engama-30 ezitsheni ezisuke zivaliwe nezifudumele — hlaziya iphunga elomile.
3. Ukumanzisa kokuqala: thela amanzi ango-80–85 °C. Isikhathi sokumisa — imizuzwana engama-30–60.
4. Jabulela: ukuncweliswa kufanele kube kusagolide futhi kucacile.
5. Ukuphinda ukuphuza: itiye likwazi ukubekezelela ukuphindaphindwa oku-3–5; ekuphindaphindweni okulandelayo — yandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engama-30.
Indlela ye-gongfu (ngokuthululwa):
1. Shisisa i-gaiwan.
2. Thela: 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml.
3. Ukuwasha: ngokuvamile akudingeki; uma ufisa — ukuthulula okusheshayo imizuzwana emi-2–3.
4. Ukuthulula kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-10–15 ngo-80–85 °C.
5. Ukuthululwa okulandelayo: kuze kube yizikhathi eziyi-6–8 ngokwandisa isikhathi kancane kancane.
Iseluleko: Uma itiye libaba — yehlisa izinga lokushisa futhi unciphise amagremu, hhayi ‘ukumangalela itiye’. Emiqenjini yasentwasahlobo ethambile yezinga ‘Elikhethekileyo’ (特级) izinga lokushisa elilungile ngu-80 °C.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukupakisha okungangeni moya, okungabonisi — ukuvikela ekukhanyeni, umswakama, umoya-mpilo kanye namaphunga angaphandle.
Izinga lokushisa elilungile — 0–5 °C (ifriji) uma kuvalwe ngokuphelele. Indawo eyomile nepholile (ngaphansi kuka-20 °C) yamukelekile uma kugcinwe isikhathi esifushane.
Musa ukugcina eduze kwezinongo, izithelo ezomisiwe neminye imikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla.
Ngemva kokuvula ukupakisha oku-vacuum — kumele kusetshenziswe phakathi nezinyanga ezi-1–2 ukuze kube kusha ngokuphelele. Isikhathi esiphelele sokugcinwa kupakishini lwangempela — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12 kusukela ngosuku lokukhiqiza.
Indlela yendabuko yokupakisha i-Gougunao Cha ithathwa njengengxenye yefa elingaphatheki: ngokomlando kwakusetshenziswa izimbozo ezikhethekile nezindlela zokuvala ezahlukile kwezijwayelekile.

11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

Ibanga lentengo: Izindleko ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngezinga kanye nesizini. Imiqingo yasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yezinga ‘Ukulethwa Okukhethekile — Izinga Elikhethekile’ (特供特级, tègōng tèjí) — zibiza kakhulu. Amazinga amaningi (壹级 / 统级, yījí / tǒngjí) afinyeleleka kakhudlwana.
Amazinga / amakilasi (ngokwehla):
- 特供特级 (Tègōng Tèjí) — ‘Ukulethwa Okukhethekile’: Ngaphambi kwe-Qingming, ihlumela elilodwa; isimo sangaphandle silingana ngokuphelele; iphunga le-orchid liyabonakala kakhulu; intengo ephezulu kakhulu.
- 贡品特级 (Gòngpǐn Tèjí) — ‘Ukulethwa — Izinga Elikhethekile’: Ngaphambi kwe-Guyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ), ihlumela elilodwa; ukusonteka okuqinile; iphunga le-chestnut eligcwele.
- 珍品特级 (Zhēnpǐn Tèjí) — ‘Igugu — Izinga Elikhethekile’: Ngaphambi kwe-Lixia (立夏, Lìxià); ihlumela elilodwa, iqabunga elilodwa ekuqaleni kokuvuleka; ukunambitheka okusha.
- 特级 (Tèjí) — ‘Izinga Elikhethekile’: Ngaphambi kwe-Lixia; ihlumela elilodwa, iqabunga elilodwa elivulekile; ukuncweliswa okucacile.
- 壹级 / 统级 (Yījí / Tǒngjí) — ‘Izinga Lokuqala / Elijwayelekile’: Kusukela e-Qingming kuya e-Chushu (处暑, Chǔshǔ); ihlumela elilodwa, amaqabunga amabili; ukuqina okuphezulu ekuphindaphindeni kokuncweliswa; intengo efinyelelekayo.
Imikhiqizo yomgunyathi ejwayelekile: Itiye elisuka ezifundeni ezingomakhelwane noma ezifundazweni, elithengiswa ngaphansi kophawu lwe-‘Gougunao’; inhlanganisela yamaqabunga aluhlaza okugezwe uboya; ‘ukusha’ kwetiye langonyaka odlule ngokunambitheka okungeziwe.
Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile abakhombisa umkhiqizi othile kanye neqembu.
- Hlaziya ukufana kweqabunga: itiye langempela — lisontekile ngokuqinile, lifana ngengxenye, linoboya obusiliva obungokwemvelo.
- Hlola iphunga: lihlanzekile, ngaphandle kwamaphunga ‘amakha’ kanye ‘navamakhemikhali’.
- Hlaziya ukuncweliswa: kucacile, kusagolide, ngaphandle kokudungeka; amaqabunga etiye ahlezi ngokushesha.
- Uma intengo iphansi ngendlela esolisayo maqondana nezinga elishiwo — kunethuba elikhulu lokuba umgunyathi.

12. Amaqiniso Athandekayo:

IGougunao Cha ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa aluhlaza aseShayina athola indondo yegolide eMbukisweni WasePanama-Pacific ngo-1915, kanye ne-Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖) kanye namanye amatiye adumile.
Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko bokukhiqiza i-Gougunao Cha, obadluliselwa njengemfihlo yomndeni wakwa-Liang, ngo-1943 ‘bavikelwa’ yindlalifa yesihlanu yobuciko — u-Liang Demei (梁德梅, Liáng Démèi), owayefaka uphawu olude kupakishini oluthi ‘ukukhiqiza komndeni, umkhiqizo wangempela ngentengo eqotho, sicela ukwaziwa ngesibonakaliso’.
Emazansi eNtaba i-Gougunao kugxuma imithombo eshisayo (汤湖温泉, Tānghú Wēnquán) — isenzakalo esingandile sokuhlalisana kwe-terroir yetiye namanzi ashisayo aphuma phansi komhlaba. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi umusi ovela emithonjeni ‘ondla’ izihlahla zetiye ngamandla akhethekile.
Isifunda sase-Suichuan sisemngceleni oseningizimu kakhulu ‘we-latitude yegolide’ yokukhiqiza itiye eliluhlaza e-Shayina (cishe i-25–26° N), okuqinisekisa inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yesikhathi eside sokukhula kanye nokuphola kwezintaba eziphakeme.
Ngawo-2020s, ingqikithi yendawo yamasimu etiye esifundeni yafinyelela cishe ku-200 000 mu (≈ 13 300 ha) nokukhiqizwa kwaminyaka yonke cishe kwamathani ayi-3 500 — kusukela ‘engcebweni ekhula yodwa’ kuya embonini yesifunda egcwele.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza Esifundazweni Sase-Jiangxi Naseningizimu Ye-Shayina:

U-Lushan Yun Wu (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Itiye eliluhlaza elidume kakhulu lase-Jiangxi; limila ezintabeni zase-Lushan enyakatho yesifundazwe. Isici esifanayo yiterroir enenkungu yezintaba eziphakeme. I-Lushan Yun Wu, ngokuvamile, ‘inamandla’ kakhulu futhi inohlaza, kanti i-Gougunao Cha iyavela ngobuhle futhi imagqolo ngenxa yesixha se-chestnut ne-orchid.
I-Jinggangshan Cui Lǜ (井冈翠绿, Jǐnggāng Cuìlǜ): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Jinggangshan (井冈山); iterroir yezintaba efanayo yoKhahlamba lwaseLuoxiao. Ihluke ngephrofayili elula, elinohlaza; i-Gougunao Cha ingcono ngokuxubeka kwephunga kanye nobude besikhathi sokunambitheka.
I-Xinyang Mao Jian (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Itiye eliluhlaza elidumile elivela esifundazweni sase-Henan. Womabili amatiye — enziwa ngamahlumela amancane anoboya obuningi; womabili athola igolide embukisweni wango-1915. I-Xinyang Mao Jian ngokuvamile iba nokuhlabeka futhi ‘ibukhali’; i-Gougunao Cha imnene futhi imagqolo, ‘nobumnandi obubuyayo’ obugqamile.
I-Enshi Yulu (恩施玉露, Ēnshī Yùlù): Itiye eliluhlaza elenziwe ngesitimu elivela esifundazweni sase-Hubei. Iphrofayili ebucikweni ehluke ngokuphelele: ukufakaza ngesitimu vs. ukugazinga epanini. I-Enshi Yulu igqama ngokunambitheka okukhanyayo ‘okunohlaza nokwasolwandle’ (umami); i-Gougunao Cha inezimbali kakhulu, i-chestnut, nohlaka oluxubile lwephunga letiye elosiwe.
I-Anji Bai Cha (安吉白茶, Ānjí Báichá): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela e-Zhejiang elinokuqukethwe okungavamile okuphezulu kwama-amino acid (5–10%). I-Anji Bai Cha imnene ngokwedlulele futhi ‘inoshukela owumhluzi’; i-Gougunao Cha ihleleke kakhulu, ino-chestnut obonakalayo kanye ne-orchid engxenyeni yesixha.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Gougunao Cha itiye elinomlando omangalisayo: kusukela ekubeni yimfihlo yomndeni entabeni efana nekhanda lenja, kuya ezindondweni zegolide zemibukiso yomhlaba kanye nesimo sokuba izingcebo zesizwe. Izimfanelo zayo ezinkulu — iphunga elihloniphekile le-orchid ne-chestnut, ukuncweliswa okusagolide okuhlanzekile, ‘ubumnandi obubuyayo’ obude futhi obumnene — zembulwa ngokugcwele kuphela ngokwenziwa kwetiye ngokucophelela: amanzi angashisi kakhulu, akukho cezana eliningi kakhulu, akukho kumisa isikhathi eside kakhulu. I-Gougunao Cha izofanela labo abazisa umugqa wephunga ocacile, ubumnandi obuthambile bama-amino acid kanye nokunambitheka okulula, okuqabulayo — nge-echo yezimbiwa zemithombo eshisayo nokuphola kwezintaba zoKhahlamba lwaseLuoxiao.