Gēlǎo Yù Cuì

Gēlǎo Yù Cuì (仡佬玉翠, Gēlǎo yù cuì) — «Ijade Eliluhlaza LabakwaGelao» — itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elivela eDaozhen-Gelao nase-Miao Autonomous County (道真仡佬族苗族自治县, Dàozhēn Gēlǎozú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn), esifundazweni saseGuizhou. Igama linikezelwa kubantu bomdabu bakwaGelao (仡佬族, Gēlǎozú) — esinye sezizwe ezindala kakhulu eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina, okuthiwa bangabalandeli babantu basendulo baseBa-Shu (巴蜀) futhi bahlobene nombuso odumile waseYelang (夜郎). Itiye litshalwa enhlabathini ene-siliceous, ecebile ngokwemvelo ngama-microelement amabili ayivelakancane angama-antioxidant — i-selenium (Se, 2.5 mg/kg) ne-strontium (Sr, 7.0 mg/kg) — okwenza i-«Yù Cuì» ibe yisibonelo esivelele somkhakha we-«富硒锶绿茶» («itiye eliluhlaza elicebile nge-selenium ne-strontium»). Izicucu zetiye eziyizicaba, eziqondile, ezifana nensika yenkemba (如剑刃), ezinoboya obuningi obusiliva, ziwuphawu oluyinkomba lomkhiqizo owaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo wegolide eShanghai International Tea Culture Festival (2003) kanye nomklomelo wesiliva e-International Tea Competition (2005).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜchá), elingavutshelwanga. Lingenela emkhakheni wamatiye aluhlaza ayizicaba omisiwe ngomoya oshisayo (扁形烘青绿茶, biǎnxíng hōngqīng lǜchá). Isinyathelo esiyingqayizivele — «搭扁» (dā biǎn, «ukucindezela»), okwakha isimo esiyisicaba esifana nesika-«nkemba» (扁平挺直). Ukucubungulwa kokugcina kuyindlela ye-«ukomiswa kathathu, ukuvuselelwa kathathu» (三烘三提, sān hōng sān tí).

• Isigaba: Itiye lesifunda elaziwayo laseGuizhou. Upawu lokuhweba oludumile lwesifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州省著名商标, 2015). Ukukhiqizwa kulawulwa ngezinga lendawo i-DB520325/T07-2009. Umklomelo wegolide we-Shanghai International Tea Culture Festival (上海国际茶文化节, 2003). Umklomelo wesiliva we-International Tea Competition (国际名茶评比, 2005).

• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseGuizhou (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), idolobha eliseduze elingaphansi kukaZunyi (遵义市, Zūnyì Shì), iDaozhen-Gelao kanye neMiao Autonomous County (道真仡佬族苗族自治县). Lesi sifunda sisemngceleni wesifundazwe saseGuizhou kanye nedolobha elikahulumeni eliyinhloko-dolobha i-Chongqing (重庆), enyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe, emthambekeni osenyakatho we-Guizhou Plateau.

• Izixhumanisi zokuma: Cishe u-28°52′ N, 107°36′ E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando:

Umlando wetiye wesifunda saseDaozhen uxhumene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nabantu bakwaGelao (仡佬族) — esinye sezizwe ezindala kakhulu eningizimu yeShayina. Ngokwemithombo yomlando, abakwaGelao bayinzalo yabantu basendulo bakwaLiao (僚, Liáo) futhi, ngokwemibono eminingana yesayensi, bahlehlela embusweni waseYelang (夜郎, Yèláng) — umbuso onamandla eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina owabakhona kusukela ngekhulu lesi-4 BC kuya kwele-1 AD. Inani labantu bakwaGelao eShayina yanamuhla lilinganiselwa ku-550,000, iningi labo elihlala eGuizhou, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zaseDaozhen naseWuchuan (务川). IDaozhen iyindawo enkulu kunazo zonke ehlala abantu abaningi bakwaGelao, lapho bekwakha ingxenye enkulu yabantu besifunda.

I-«Shi Ji · Huo Zhi Lie Zhuan» (《史记·货殖列传》, «Amarekhodi Omlando Omkhulu · Imibhalo Yabahwebi Nabakhiqizi») kaSima Qian (司马迁) iveza ukuthi ngesikhathi soMbusi u-Wu (武帝, 141–87 BC) itiye elivela endaweni yanamuhla yaseDaozhen naseWuchuan lalithuthwa liyiswa eGansu. ULu Yu (陆羽) encwadini yakhe ethi «I-Canon yetiye» waphawula: «黔中生思州、播州、费州、夷州……往往得之，其味极佳» — «EQianzhong [= Guizhou] itiye likhula eSizhou, Bozhou [= Zunyi], Feizhou, Yizhou… livame ukutholakala, futhi ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu». I-Bozhou (播州) yigama lasendulo lesifunda saseZunyi, okuhlanganisa neDaozhen. Ngakho, ukulinywa kwetiye kule ndawo kubhalwe kusukela enkathini yamaHan — iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2,000.

Umkhiqizo wesimanje othi «Gēlǎo Yù Cuì» wadalwa ngeminyaka yawo-1990 ngabalimi betiye besifunda saseDaozhen, bahlanganisa izindlela zendabuko zokucubungula nokumisa izindinganiso zesimanje. Ngonyaka ka-2003, itiye lawina umklomelo wegolide eShanghai International Tea Culture Festival, kwathi ngo-2005 lawina isiliva emqhudelwaneni wamazwe ngamazwe. Ngonyaka wezi-2015, uphawu lokuhweba oluthi «仡佬玉翠» lwathola isimo sika-«Guizhou Province Famous Trademark».

Isinyathelo esibalulekile kwaba ukubhaliswa ngo-2024 kohlobo olusha lwetiye oluthiwa «Yùcuì Cháshù» (玉翠茶树, GPD茶树(2024)350068), olwasungulwa yi-Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences ngokukhethekile ezimweni zaseZunyi. Iqiniso lokwakhiwa kohlobo lwabo lwetshalo liwuphawu lokuvuthwa komkhiqizo, ukushintsha kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezitshaliwe ezibolekiwe kuya ekuhlinzekeni ngezinhlobonhlobo ezihloselwe.

• Igama:

«Gēlǎo» (仡佬) yigama labantu bakwaGelao ngokwabo. Ukufakwa kwegama lesizwe egameni letiye kuwukuhlonipha abantu bomdabu besifunda saseDaozhen namasiko abo etiye. Leli ngelinye lamatiye ambalwa aseShayina anamagama akhomba ngqo iqembu elincane lobuhlanga. «Yù» (玉) — «ijade», okuyisincomo esiphezulu kwezobuhle emasikweni amaningi aseShayina: ijade limelela ubumsulwa, ubukhosi, ukuphola, nokuphelela kokuziphatha. «Cuì» (翠) — «umbala oluhlaza satshani», ichaza umbala weqabunga elomile.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko:

Esifundeni saseDaozhen — okuyindawo enkulu kakhulu ehlala abantu bakwaGelao — itiye aliyona nje into yezomnotho, kodwa futhi wuphawu lobunikazi bobuzwe. Amasiko etiye amaGelao ahlukile futhi ahlanganisa amasiko amabili abalulekile. Owokuqala yi-«youcha» (油茶, yóuchá, «itiye elinamafutha»): isiphuzo sasendulo esenziwe ngamaqabunga etiye aklwebhezwe ngamafutha ezilwane anosawoti nezinongo, esisebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo njengokudla nesiphuzo, esibuyisela amandla emva komsebenzi wasensimini. Owesibili yi-«Sān Yāotái» (三幺台, Àmadlelo Amancane Amathathu): umkhuba wokwamukela izivakashi oyisihlanu onezigaba ezintathu, lapho itiye likhona endaweni ephakathi kanye nezidlayo ezilula «nezidlo eziyinhloko». Umkhuba we-«Sān Yāotái» ufakwe kuhlu lwamagugu angaphatheki esiko le-People’s Republic of China.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Uhlobo / Okutshaliwe:

  • Míngshān 213 (名山213) kanye no-Míngshān 131 (名山131) — izinhlobo ezitshaliwe ezinamaqabunga amaphakathi ezivela eSichuan (isifunda saseMeishan / Mingshan, idolobha laseYa’an), ezinikeza isisekelo sokukhiqiza okujwayelekile. Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, ezijwayelane nezimo zendawo ephakeme eshisayo.
  • Yùcuì Cháshù (玉翠茶树) — uhlobo olusha olutshaliwe, olwabhaliswa ngo-2024 (GPD茶树(2024)350068). Lwasungulwa yi-Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences ngokukhethekile ngezimo zenhlabathi nesimo sezulu saseZunyi. Luhluke ngamaqabunga amakhulu anamanzi, uboya obuningi obusiliva, kanye nokusebenza okuphezulu kokugcina ubumnene (持嫩性强).

• Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwentwasahlobo okuyinhloko. I-Míngqiánchá (明前茶) yiyona ebaluleke kakhulu. Izinga: ibanga eliphezulu — ihlumela eligcwele noma ihlumela elilodwa ngeqabunga elisanda kwembula, uboya obusiliva ≥80%; ibanga lokuqala — ihlumela elilodwa ngeqabunga elilodwa; elesibili — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili.

4. Indawo Yokutshala Nezici Zokulima:

• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomswakama, esinezimvula eziningi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka ophakathi nendawo lingu-15.6°C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-1070 mm. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa singama-287 days. Umswakama ophakeme ungama-81%. Ukugubuzela kwesibhakabhaka ngamafu ngama-80%. Isikhathi eside esingenasithwathwa kanye nokugubuzela okuphezulu kunikeza ukunqwabelana okuhamba kancane, okuqinile kwezinto ezinephunga elimnandi nezokunambitheka eqabungeni.

• Ukuphakama: 500–800 m (indawo enamagquma esemngceleni we-Guizhou Plateau ne-Sichuan Basin).

• Inhlabathi: Izinhlabathi eziphuzi ezinama-siliceous (硅质黄壤, guīzhì huángrǎng), i-pH 5.5–7.5, ezinothile ngezinto eziphilayo. Okuhlukile okuyinhloko — ukunothiswa ngamaminerali amancane amabili: i-selenium (Se) — 2.5 mg/kg, i-strontium (Sr) — 7.0 mg/kg. Lokhu kuhlangana kubangelwa izici ze-geochemical zezinsalela zama-siliceous zesifunda futhi kuyivelakancane kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ekulimeni kwetiye. I-strontium — i-microelement enceda ekuqiniseni izicubu zethambo — cishe ayitholakali ngamanani aphawulekayo kwezinye izindawo zetiye.

• Imvelo: Ukumbozwa kwehlathi ngama-44%. Ukugubuzela ngamafu ngama-80%. Indawo ikude nezikhungo ezinkulu zezimboni, okuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kwemvelo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. I-Guizhou iyonkana ithatha isikhundla sokuqala phakathi kwezifundazwe ze-PRC ngobukhulu bezindawo zetiye (cishe ama-亩 angama-700,000 njengoba ku-2022), futhi izinga le-«Guizhou Lǜchá» (贵州绿茶) — okuyisikhombi sendawo yokuqala sesifundazwe setiye eliluhlaza eShayina — libeka izinga eliphezulu lekhwalithi: izinto ezikhishwa emanzini ≥40%, izinga lezomzwelo — «翡翠绿、嫩栗香、浓爽味» («umbala we-jadeite, iphunga eliyisifuba esimuncu, ukunambitheka okunothile nokusha»). IDaozhen, naphezu kokukude kwayo, ihambisana ngokuphelele naleli zinga.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe «bokomiswa okuyisicaba ngomoya oshisayo» (扁形烘青) nezinyathelo eziyingqayizivele ze-«搭扁» (ukucindezela) ne-«磨锅» (ukupholisha i-cadron):

• Ukuvundlaliwa (摊放, tānfàng): Amahora angu-3–5. Iqabunga lilahlekelwa umswakama owedlulele, amakhemikhali asebuso aqala ukuvutshelwa kancane.

• Ukulungisa — «ukubulawwa kokuluhlaza» (杀青, shāqīng): 280–320°C imizuzu emi-3 — ukugazinga ngesivinini esiphezulu okungaphezu kakhulu kwezinga elijwayelekile lamanye amatiye aluhlaza (imvamisa 120–180°C). Ukubulawa okusheshayo kwe-oxidase ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme ngendlela eyeqisayo — kuyisici esivelele sesikole saseGuizhou.

• Ukuhlungwa ngomoya (风选, fēngxuǎn): Ukususwa kwezicucwana eziphukile nothuli.

• Ukwakheka — «ukwelula umucu» (理条, lǐtiáo): 80–120°C imizuzu engu-15. Ukuqala kokwakheka komugqa wesicucu setiye.

• Ukucindezela — «搭扁» (dā biǎn): 150–180°C imizuzu engu-15 — isinyathelo esiyinhloko somqambi, esingekho ematiyeni amaningi aluhlaza. Kwakha isimo esiyisicaba esifana nese-«nkemba» (扁平挺直), esenza i-Gēlǎo Yù Cuì ibonakale kalula.

• «Ukupholisha i-cadron» (磨锅, mó guō): 80–100°C imizuzu engama-30 — ukupholishwa kokugcina kobuso besicucu setiye. Kubeka ukushibilika okunamafutha (油润) nokubushelelezi.

• Ukomiswa (烘干, hōnggān): 150°C imizuzu engama-40.

• Ukuvuselelwa — «ukunikeza iphunga elimnandi» (提香, tíxiāng): 80–90°C imizuzu engama-40. Ubuchwepheshe «bokomiswa kathathu, ukuvuselelwa kathathu» (三烘三提, sān hōng sān tí): ukuvuselelwa kokuqala kususa «ukunambitheka kotshani», okwesibili kuqinisa isisekelo sephunga eiyisifuba, okwesithathu kuqinisa «iphunga elimnandi elibandayo» — inothi eliphawulekayo elipholile, elivelele ematiyeni asezindaweni eziphakeme zaseGuizhou.

6. Izici Zezomzwelo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Izicucu eziyizicaba, eziqondile, ezibushelelezi (扁直光滑), ezifana nensika yenkemba (如剑刃). Umbala — oluhlaza njenge-emerald ngokushibilika okunamafutha (翠绿油润). Ebangeni eliphezulu — uboya obuningi obusiliva, obumboza ≥80% yobuso behlumela.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliphakeme, elihlala isikhathi eside (清香持久). Iphunga elivelele lesifunda lesentaba (山场气息, shānchǎng qìxī) — inothi elikhethekile lamatiye asezindaweni eziphakeme zaseGuizhou, elifana nehlathi lasentabeni elinomswakama ekuseni. Ebangeni eliphezulu — iphunga elongeziwe «loboya» (毫香, háoxiāng), elifana nebhungezi elincane.

• Iphunga lokuhlinzekwa: Elihlanzekile, eliphakathini ngokuphakama, linesisekelo esiyisifuba nesiphetho «esibandayo». «Iphunga elimnandi elibandayo» — liwumphumela wokuvuselelwa kwesithathu kuhlelo lwe-«三烘三提».

• Ukunambitheka: Okusha (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), nokubuyela okusheshayo kokumnandi (回甘迅速). Isiqu — esiminyene (醇厚, chúnhòu), esidlula amatiye aluhlaza ayizicaba avamile, okuchazwa ukunotha kwezinto zangaphakathi ezinqwabelana enhlabathini ene-Se-Sr. I-aftertaste — ehlala isikhathi eside, enamaminerali, nokuphola okuncane.

• Umbala wokuhlinzekwa: Ophuzi okhanyayo, obala futhi okhanyayo (嫩黄透亮, nèn huáng tòu liàng) — ebangeni eliphezulu. Amabanga aqala nelesibili — aphuzi ngokuluhlaza okugcwele.

• Isisekelo setiye (iqabunga elihlanjululwe): Okuluhlaza okuncane, okufanayo. Amaqabunga avuleka kusuka esimeni «esi-nkemba», embula uboya.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• I-Selenium (Se): 2.5 mg/kg — inani eliphakeme ngokwedlulele, okungenye yeziphezulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseGuizhou. I-selenium iyisakhi esibalulekile esiyingxenye ye-glutathione peroxidase, i-enzyme eyinhloko yokulwa nama-oxidant emzimbeni.

• I-Strontium (Sr): 7.0 mg/kg — i-microelement eyivelakancane ezindaweni zetiye. I-strontium ezinzile (engeyona i-radioactive) ibamba iqhaza ekuncibilikiseni izicubu zethambo futhi ikhuthaza ukusebenza kwama-osteoblasts.

• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): Okuqukethwe okwandisiwe kuyisici esivelele samatiye asezindaweni eziphakeme zaseGuizhou, atshalwa ngaphansi kwezimo zokugubuzela okuphezulu nokukhanya okusakazekile.

• Ama-polyphenol (茶多酚): Izinga elijwayelekile lamatiye asezindaweni eziphakeme zaseGuizhou. Izinga le-«Guizhou Lǜchá» (贵州绿茶) lidinga ukuthi izinto ezikhishwa emanzini zibe ≥40%.

• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini e-B — isethi ejwayelekile yetiye eliluhlaza elikhwalithi.

• Amaminerali: Se, Sr, K, Mg, Zn. Ukunothiswa okuphindwe kabili kwe-Se + Sr kuyisici esiyingqayizivele se-geochemical senhlabathi yaseDaozhen, esingezwakali emazingeni aqhathanisekayo kwamanye amatiye aseGuizhou. I-Potassium (K) ne-Magnesium (Mg) zikhona ngamanani ajwayelekile etiye eliluhlaza futhi zinomthelela ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-electrolyte.

• Isici sokwakheka: Ubunikazi be-Gēlǎo Yù Cuì ngokwamakhemikhali abunqunywa kakhulu ukutholakala kwezingxenye zetiye zakudala (ama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid, i-caffeine), kepha iphrofayili yamaminerali: ukunothiswa okuphindwe kabili kwe-Se ne-Sr kwenza itiye lisuke emkhakheni «wesiphuzo» liye emkhakheni «womkhiqizo osebenzayo». I-selenium ne-strontium azikhiqizwa yisitshalo — zivela emhlabathini kuphela, okwenza indawo yaseDaozhen ibe yisici esingenakushiywa.

8. Izinto Eziwusizo:

• Isenzo esiphindwe kabili se-antioxidant: I-selenium (Se) iyingxenye ye-glutathione peroxidase, kanti ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin) aqeda ngqo ama-radical akhululekile — izindlela ezimbili, ezisebenza ngokubambisana.

• Ukusekela izicubu zethambo: I-strontium ezinzile (Sr) ikhuthaza ukwehlukaniswa kwama-osteoblast (amaseli akha izicubu zethambo) futhi ivimbele ukusebenza kwama-osteoclast — okuyinzuzo eyingqayizivele, ecishe ingekho kwamanye amatiye.

• Umphumela wokuvusa amandla: I-caffeine ehlanganiswe ne-L-theanine inikeza «amandla athambile» — ukugxila okwandisiwe ngaphandle kokuguguleka kwemizwa okubukhali.

• Isenzo sokuqabuleka: Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid kanye «nephunga elimnandi elibandayo» kwakha umuzwa wokuphola.

• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama-tannin nama-catechin akhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla.

• Ukusekela amasosha omzimba: I-selenium ne-Vitamin C ngokubambisana kuqinisa impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba, kugcina ukusebenza kwamaseli e-NK.

• Isenzo sokulwa namagciwane: Ama-catechin (EGCG, ECG) abonisa umsebenzi wokumisa amagciwane.

• Ukusekela indlala yegilo: I-selenium iyingxenye esizayo ye-deiodinase, i-enzyme eguqula i-thyroxine (T4) ibe yi-triiodothyronine esebenzayo (T3). Ukuthola i-selenium njalo ngetiye kusiza ekugcineni ukusebenza okuvamile kwendlala yegilo.

• Umphumela wokuvikela inhliziyo: Ama-polyphenol asiza ekwehliseni izinga le-LDL-cholesterol nasekugcineni ukunwebeka kodonga lwemithambo yegazi. I-selenium iqhubeka nokuvikela i-endothelium yemithambo emonakalisweni we-oxidative.

• Ukusekela ubuchopho: I-L-theanine ingena emngceleni wegazi nobuchopho, isiza ekukhiqizweni kwama-alpha wave obuchopho nasekuthuthukiseni ukugxila kwengqondo.

9. Ukuphuza Kanyekanyekanya:

• Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 85–90°C.

• Inani letiye: 4 g nge-gaiwan yomthamo ocishe ube ngu-120 ml (itiye kufanele lithathe cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezine yomthamo wetsha).

• Itsha: Ingilazi yengilazi — iyanconywa ukubukela «izinkemba ezintantayo» (izicucu zetiye, ezilengiswe ngokuqonde emanzini, zidala isithombe esimangalisayo). I-gaiwan (盖碗) 120–150 ml — yokuphuza ngokukhamuluke kancane.

• Inqubo:

  1. Fudumeza itsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
  2. Thela amagremu angu-4 etiye.
  3. Sebenzisa indlela «yokukhamuluka okuphansi» (下投法, xiàtóufǎ): thela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamanzi ukuze ugeze futhi uvule amaqabunga.
  4. Yengeza amanzi aze afinyelele ku-7/10 womthamo.
  5. Ukukhamuluka kokuqala — imizuzwana emi-5.
  6. Ukukhamuluka kwe-2–4 — kuze kube ngu- + 5 emizuzwaneni eyengeziwe kokulandelayo.
  7. Kufinyelela ekukhamulukeni oku-5 uma usebenzisa i-gaiwan.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Itsha: Ukupakishwa okuvaleke nge-vacuum kusetshenziswa i-aluminium foil.
• Izinga lokushisa: Isiqandisi, 0–5°C.
• Isikhathi sokugcina: Izinyanga ezingu-12 uma kuvaliwe kahle. Emva kokuvulwa — inyanga eyodwa (isimo esiyisicaba sesicucu setiye sandisa indawo yokuthintana nomoya, okusheshisa ukugqwala).
• Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, amaphunga angaphandle, ukufudumala.

11. Intengo Nama-Fake:

• Ibanga lentengo: Ibanga eliphezulu (特级) — ~320 yuan nge-100 g (~1600 yuan nge-500 g). Ibanga lokuqala — ~180 yuan nge-250 g (~360 yuan nge-500 g). Ibanga lesibili — lithengekayo kakhulu.

• Izici zentengo: Ibanga lezinto zokusetshenziswa (eliphezulu — amahlumela kuphela anoboya ≥80%), inkathi yokuvuna, okuqukethwe i-Se ne-Sr (okuqinisekiswe ukuhlaziywa kwaselebhu).

• Ungawakugwema ama-fake:

  • Thenga kwa-«Hongfu Chaye» (宏福茶业, Hóngfú Cháyè) — inkampani eyakha umkhiqizo, noma «Pinpin Xiang» (品品香, Pǐnpǐn Xiāng) — enesikhungo sokukhiqiza eDaozhen.
  • Hlola isimo: i-Yù Cuì yangempela iyisicaba, iqondile, ifana ne-«nkemba», inokushibilika okunamafutha. Ama-fake — axegaxegayo, angenawo umumo ofanele.
  • Hlola uboya: ibanga eliphezulu kufanele libe noboya obuningi obusiliva (≥80%).
  • Hlola ukuhlinzekwa: ibanga eliphezulu langempela — liphuzi okhonjiwe, licwebile. Ukuhlinzekwa okumnyama noma okunenqabunjalo kuwuphawu lwezinto ezisetshenzisiwe ezinokhalo eliphansi noma umgunyathi.
  • Cela isitifiketi sokuqukethwe yi-Se ne-Sr — i-Yù Cuì yangempela yaseDaozhen inobufakazi obubhaliwe bokwakheka kwe-geochemical.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• Isizwe-«sokhokho wokuqala». AbakwaGelao (仡佬族) bathathwa njengenzalo yabantu basendulo bakwaLiao (僚) futhi, ngokweminye imibono, bahlobene nombuso odumile waseYelang (夜郎). Okhokho bamaGelao, ngokusho kwe-«Shi Ji» (《史记》), babesevele ngesikhathi sikaHan behweba ngetiye elivela endaweni yanamuhla yaseDaozhen.

• I-Se + Sr — isihlangu esiphindwe kabili. Inhlanganisela ye-selenium ephezulu (2.5 mg/kg) ne-strontium (7.0 mg/kg) etiyeni elilodwa — okuyivelakancane nge-geochemical, okubangelwa inhlabathi ene-siliceous eyingqayizivele yaseDaozhen. Uma kuqhathaniswa: itiye elidumile elithi «锌硒茶» (itiye le-zinc-selenium) elivela eFenggan elingumakhelwane liqukethe i-selenium, kodwa hhayi i-strontium.

• Uhlobo lwayo olutshaliwe (2024). Ukubhaliswa kohlobo oluthi «Yùcuì Cháshù» (GPD茶树(2024)350068) kuwuphawu lokuvuthwa komkhiqizo: ukushintsha kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezitshaliwe ezibolekiwe zaseSichuan kuya kweyabo, elungiselelwe izimo ezithile zenhlabathi nesimo sezulu.

• «Amadlelo Amathathu» — idili letiye lamaGelao. Umkhuba we-«Sān Yāotái» (三幺台) — ukwamukela izivakashi okwizigaba ezintathu, lapho «idlelo» lokuqala — itiye namantongomane namaswidi; elesibili — «itiye elinamafutha» (油茶) nezidlayo ezilula; elesithathu — idili eligcwele. Ufakwe kuhlu lwamagugu angaphatheki esiko.

• 280–320°C: ukulungiswa okwedlulele. Izinga lokushisa lokubulala ukuluhlaza le-Gēlǎo Yù Cuì — lingelinye eliphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina (imvamisa — 120–180°C). Ukugazingwa okusheshayo ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu emizuzwini engu-3 — kuyindlela eyinkomba yesikole saseGuizhou.

• Izicucu zetiye ezi-«nkemba». Isimo esiyisicaba esithi «如剑刃» (okufana nensika yenkemba) singumphumela wesinyathelo esiyingqayizivele se-«搭扁» (ukucindezela ku-150–180°C), esingekho kuhlelo lwamanye amatiye amaningi aluhlaza ayizicaba, kuhlanganise noLongjing.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井): Womabili amatiye aluhlaza ayizicaba, kodwa ubuchwepheshe buhluke ngokuphelele. I-Longjing — igazingiwe (炒青), «icindezelwa» ngentende yesandla odongeni lwe-wok; i-Yù Cuì — yomisiwe ngomoya oshisayo (烘青), «icindezelwa» ngesinyathelo esihlukile se-«搭扁». I-Longjing — inephunga lika-«bhanoyi» (豆香); i-Yù Cuì — «inephunga lendawo yesentaba» elisekelwe esifubeni. I-Longjing ikhula ngokuphakama okungu-150–250 m; i-Yù Cuì — 500–800 m.

• Fènggāng Xīnxī Chá (凤冈锌硒茶): «I-zinc-selenium tea» evela esifundeni saseFenggan esingumakhelwane, nayo ephakathi kweZunyi. Womabili amatiye «anaminerali», kodwa i-Fenggan iqukethe i-zinc (Zn) ne-selenium (Se), kanti i-Daozhen — i-selenium (Se) ne-strontium (Sr). I-Fenggan imvamisa inyikinyikiwe; i-Yù Cuì iyisicaba.

• Méitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽): Itiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba elidumile elivela eMeitan (Zunyi). Womabili ayizicaba, womabili avela esifundeni saseZunyi, kodwa i-Cuìyá isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokugazinga obufana nobukaLóngjǐng, kanti i-Yù Cuì isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokomisa ngomoya oshisayo ngesinyathelo se-«搭扁». I-Cuìyá — «imnandi» futhi «ithambile» ngokwengeziwe; i-Yù Cuì — «inamaminerali» ngokwengeziwe futhi «iminyene».

• Dūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖): Itiye eliyinhloko «elinegama» laseGuizhou, elifakwe kuhlu lwamagugu angaphatheki esintu sase-UNESCO (njengengxenye ye-«Traditional Chinese Tea Processing Techniques», 2022). Linyikinyikiwe, linenoboya, linesimo se-«huku lokudoba» (鱼钩形). Isimo esehluke ngokuphelele (sinoboya vs siyisicaba), iphrofayili yokunambitheka ehlukile («ukusha kwe-brothy» vs «ukukhula kwamaminerali»), kodwa izinga lendawo elifanayo. I-Dūyún Máojiān ikhiqizwa eningizimu ye-Guizhou (idolobha laseDuyun, i-Qiannan-Buyi-Miao Autonomous Prefecture), kanti i-Yù Cuì iphakathi nenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe, okuyimbangela yokwehluka ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu esincane.

• Lǜbǎoshí (绿宝石, «I-Emerald Eluhlaza»): Itiye lesimanje eliyindalo yomqambi elivela eGuizhou, eladalwa uchwepheshe wetiye u-Mou Yingshu (牟应书). Lisebenzisa izinto eziqhakazile — ihlumela elilodwa + amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu — futhi lenziwa libe yizinhlayiya. Lihluke ngokuphelele e-Gēlǎo Yù Cuì ngebanga lezinto zokusetshenziswa, isimo, kanye nesigaba senani, kodwa lihlanganyela nayo izinga lekhwalithi «laseGuizhou» (水浸出物 ≥40%).

Ekuphetheni:

I-Gēlǎo Yù Cuì — itiye elinemvelaphi eyingqayizivele «ekathathu»: ubuhlanga (abantu bakwaGelao — esinye sezizwe ezindala zaseNingizimu-ntshonalanga, okhokho babo ababehweba ngetiye ngesikhathi sikaHan, eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphambi kokuvela komkhiqizo wesimanje), i-geochemical (inhlabathi, ecebile ngesikhathi esifanayo nge-selenium ne-strontium — inhlanganisela engenakho okunye ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina futhi eguqula inkomishi ngayinye ibe ngumthombo wama-microelement amabili angama-antioxidant ayivelakancane), kanye nobuhle (izicucu zetiye eziyizicaba ezi-«nkemba» ezinombala we-jade, ezidalwe isinyathelo esiyingqayizivele se-«搭扁» ku-150–180°C — isimo esingeke sididaniswe ne-Lóngjǐng noma i-Méitán Cuìyá). Enkomishini — ukusha nokubuyela okusheshayo kokumnandi kanye nesiqu esiminyene, okungajwayelekile ematiyeni amaningi aluhlaza ayizicaba, «nephunga elimnandi elibandayo» ekugcineni — umphumela wokuvuselelwa kathathu kwe-«三烘三提». Itiye lalabo abazisa hhayi ukunambitheka kuphela, kodwa futhi ukujula kwamasiko — kusukela emkhubeni onezigaba ezintathu we-«Sān Yāotái» kuya kwi-mineralogy yenhlabathi ene-siliceous, kusukela embusweni odumile waseYelang kuya ekubhalisweni kohlobo lwabo olutshaliwe oluthi «Yùcuì Cháshù» ngo-2024. IDaozhen ayilona nje iphoyinti emephini yaseGuizhou, kepha indawo lapho isiko letiye, i-geochemistry, nobunikazi bobuhlanga kuhlanganiswe ndawonye kube yiqabunga elilodwa eliyi-jade-eluhlaza.