Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng · new.thetea.app

Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng (高桥银峰, Gāoqiáo yín fēng) wuhlobo olukhethekile lwetiye eliluhlaza olugazingiweyo, olwakhiwa ngo-1959 yi-Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute njengesipho seminyaka eyishumi ye-New China (国庆十周年献礼). Leli wuhlobo lokuqala ‘olusha oludumile’ (新创名茶) olwakhiwa e-Hunan ngemuva kuka-1949. Igama linemba lobunkondlo: amahlumela ambozwe inqwaba yoboya besiliva, abukeka njengeziqongo zezintaba zesiliva (银峰, “iziqongo zesiliva”). Ngo-1964 imbongi, isazi-mlando noholo wakuhulumeni uGuo Moruo (郭沫若, Guō Mòruò) wayinambitha le tiye, wabe eseyinikela inkondlo emfushane yezinkondlo ezine, eyibeka enkundleni yamatiye angamangange amaTang namaSong.

1. Ukwahlukanisa Nomsuka:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingenayo inambuzo). Itiye eliluhlaza elikhethekile eliphekwe ngokugazinga (特种炒青绿茶, tèzhǒng chǎoqīng lǜchá) — isigaba samatiye ‘obuciko’ adalwe ngokucwaninga kwesayensi.
Isigaba: Itiye Elidumile laseShayina (中国名茶, ngo-1989). Lawulahlwe i-Hunan Science Conference Award (湖南省科学大会奖, ngo-1978). Lisetshenziswe kaningi njengomnikelo kahulumeni (国礼) kwizivakashi zakwamanye amazwe. Lanconywa nguMao Zedong noZhou Enlai.
Umsuka: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Hunan (湖南, Húnán), idolobha lase-Changsha (长沙, Chángshā), isifunda sase-Changsha (长沙县, Chángshā Xiàn), ilokishi lase-Gāoqiáo (高桥镇, Gāoqiáo Zhèn). Inhliziyo yendawo yokutshala — izivande zokuhlola zetiye ze-Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute (湖南省茶叶研究所), zingama-800 mu ( amahektha angu-53), ezisemazansi e-Yùhuáng Fēng (玉皇峰, Yùhuáng Fēng — “Isiqongo SoMbusi We-jade”).
Izixhumanisi zokuma: 113°19′ empumalanga nobude, 28°29′ enyakatho nobubanzi.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwezamasiko:

Umlando: INingizimu ye-Yín Fēng — itiye elinosuku lokuzalwa olukhona ngalo kanye nenhloso eyodwa yokudalwa kwalo. Ngo-1959, eminyakeni eyishumi ukusungulwa kwe-PRC, i-Hunan Provincial Tea Research Institute (eyasungulwa ngo-1935 — ingelinye lamaziko amadala okucwaninga ngamatiye eShayina) yathola umsebenzi wokwakha “itiye elisha elidumile”, elifanele umnikelo wokugubha. Ososayensi bezokulima bavulela ubuchwepheshe obusha obunesigaba esiyinqaga esisemqoka — “提毫” (tí háo, “ukwembula uboya”): inqubo ekhethekile lapho uboyana besiliva bungagxili ebusweni beqabunga (njengasematini amaningi), kepha “bavukiswa” bubheke phezulu, okudala umphumela we “ziqongo zezintaba” zesiliva. Itiye laqanjwa ngokuthi “Yín Fēng” (银峰, “Iziqongo ZeSiliva”), kwathi ukuhambisana nendawo — ilokishi i-Gāoqiáo (高桥, “Ibhuloho Eliphakeme”) — kwanikeza ingxenye yokuqala yegama.

Ngo-1964 imbongi noholo wakuhulumeni uGuo Moruo (郭沫若, 1892–1978) wayinambitha i-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng, wabhala inkondlo emfushane edumile: “肯让湖州夸紫笋，愿同双井斗红纱” — “Vumela uHuzhou azigabise ngamahlumela ansomi, / Sifuna ukuncintisana noShuangjing ngesilika obomvu.” UGuo Moruo wabeka itiye lase-Hunan ezingeni elifanayo namatiye amabili angamangange: i-Tang’s Gǔzhùzǐ Sǔn (紫笋, “Amahlumela Ansomi” ase-Huzhou) kanye ne-Song’s Shuāngjǐng (双井, “Umthombo Okabili”) — ukuncoma okuphakeme kunabo bonke. Le nkondlo emfushane yaba uphawu olubonakalayo lwe-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng.

Ngo-1978 — umklomelo we-Hunan Science Conference. Ngo-1989 — isimo esisemthethweni “Itiye Elidumile laseShayina”. Itiye lanikezelwa izikhathi eziphindaphindekayo njengesipho sikahulumeni kumagqembu angaphandle.
Igama:
- “Gāoqiáo” (高桥) — “Ibhuloho Eliphakeme”: igama lelokishi lapho lesi sikhungo sikhona.
- “Yín” (银) — “isiliva”: umbala woboyana obuningi obumboze amahlumela.
- “Fēng” (峰) — “isiqongo, umphezulu”: isimo — amahlumela ambozwe uboyana besiliva, afana neziqongo zezintaba ezimbozwe iqhwa.
Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko: I-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng iwuphawu “lokulima kwetiye ngesayensi” kwenkathi entsha: itiye elingakhiwe ngesiko lamakhulu eminyaka labalimi, kodwa ngomsebenzi ohlosiwe wesikhungo socwaningo lwetiye. Ukunconywa nguMao Zedong, uZhou Enlai, kanye nenkondlo kaGuo Moruo kwaqinisa isimo sayo “sokuduma kwezepolitiki” — okungenye yezinkinga ezimbalwa eziqashelwa ngabasunguli abaningana kanye nabaholi bezamasiko be-PRC ngesikhathi esisodwa.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezitshalo Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Kunezinhlobo ezingenaboni (zama-clone) eziningi ze-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, ezikhethekile ukuze zibonise uboyana besiliva ngokugcwele:
- Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá (福鼎大白茶, Fúdǐng Dà Bái Chá) — i-cultivar eyinhloko. Inoboyana obuningi obungavamile (茸毛特多), ukumelana nesithwathwa okuphezulu, nokufaneleka ekukhiqizweni kwamatiye aluhlaza.
- Báiháo Zǎo (白毫早, Báiháo Zǎo) — uhlobo oluyisibonelo sikahulumeni. Okuqukethwe yi-amino acid — 4.1%. Ikhiqiza itiye elinoboyana besiliva nokuluhlaza okunjenge-emerald (银毫隐翠).
- Zhūyèqí (槠叶齐, Zhūyèqí) kanye ne-Xiāngbōlǜ (湘波绿, Xiāngbōlǜ) — izinhlobo eziyizibonelo zesifunda, eziguqukayo kokubili okubomvu nokuluhlaza, ezinephunga elimsulwa eliphakeme.
Ukuvunwa: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu — ihlumela elilodwa elineqabunga elilodwa eliqala ukuvela (一芽一叶初展), ubude behlumela — cishe 2.5 cm. Ukuze kukhiqizwe ikhilogremu eliyi-1 letiye elomile elisezingeni eliphakeme kudingeka amahlumela angu-12 000–13 000.
Izidingo zezinto ezibunjwayo: Amahlumela athambile, alinganayo, angenamonakalo. Kugaywa kabusha — ngosuku lokuvunwa.

4. Indawo Yokutshala Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinamanzi amaningi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi — 16.6°C, inani lemvula lonyaka — 1441 mm, isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — izinsuku ezingama-275. Isakhiwo sesikhungo esisezantsi kwe-Yùhuáng Fēng sivame ukumbozwa amafu nenkungu.
Ukuphakama kwendawo okutshalwa kuyo: Indawo enamaqguma ezantsi kwe-Yùhuáng Fēng, enezintaba eziphansi nezimaphakathi.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu (红壤, hóng rǎng), ekhule phezulu kwama-purple shales (紫色板页岩), ecebile nge-phosphorus. I-pH cishe 5.0. Umumo ojulile, inzalo ephezulu.
I-ekhosistimu: Izivande zetiye zitholakala endaweni enhle “yemifula namachibi ezansi kwe-Emperor ye-Jade” (玉皇峰下河湖掩映). Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku — kukhulu. Ukungcola kwezimboni — akukho. Izimo zikhuthaza ukuqongelelwa kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinukayo.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe be-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng bunhlanganisela izigaba eziyishumi — bunzima kakhulu kunasematinini amaningi aluhlaza. Ukuqanjwa okuyisisekelo — isigaba “提毫” (ukwembula uboya).

Ukuvunwa (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo ngesandla kwamahlumela asezingeni “-ihlumela elilodwa – iqabunga elilodwa”.
Ukendlalwa nokunqumisa (摊青 — tān qīng): Ukendlalwa kwesikhashana.
Ukuqinisa (杀青 — shāqīng): Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-120–130°C — izinga elincane elimnene, eligcina ubumnene bezinto eziyimvelo kanye noboyana.
Ukuhlanzwa ngomoya — “Qīngfēng” (清风 — qīngfēng): Isigaba esiyingqayizivele: ngemuva kokuqinisa, amaqabunga ayaphephetha (扬簸, yángbǒ), akhiphe izinto ezingahlanzekile nezimvilimvi ezincane. Le nqubo iqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka komkhiqizo osuphelile.
Ukusongwa kokuqala (初揉 — chūróu): Ukubumbeka okulula.
Ukomisa kokuqala (初干 — chūgān): Ukomiswa okungaphambi kokuqulwa.
Ukubumbeka (做条 — zuòtiáo): Ukubumbeka ngesandla kwamahlumela abe yizinaliti eziqinile nezigobeke kancane.
Ukwembula uboya (提毫 — tí háo): Isigaba esiyisisekelo nesivelele kakhulu — ukuqanjwa okungelakho okokulinganisa okuqondile kumasiko endabuko okulima itiye. Ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-45–50°C uchwepheshe ngokuhamba okukhethekile “搓揉” (cuōróu, “ukungqilaza nokugcoba”) “uphakamisa” uboyana besiliva ebusweni beqabunga, akwenze bume bubheke phezulu. Umphumela — amahlumela ambozwe “iqhwa” lesiliva elingashiyiyo, elingawi ngesikhathi sokugcinwa noma sokugaywa. Yilesi sigaba esinikeze itiye igama lalo — “Iziqongo ZeSiliva”.
Ukupholisa (摊凉 — tānliáng): Ukupholisa okuphakathi.
Ukomisa okokugcina (烘焙 — hōngbèi): Izinyathelo ezimbili: kuqala ku-70°C, bese kuthi ku-60°C. Ukushisisa okuphansi kuqinisa uboyana futhi kwakhe iphunga lokugcina.

6. Izici zokuzwa:

Ifomula yasendulo ye-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng — “ukuphelela okune” (四美, sì měi): ubuhle besimo (形美), iphunga lokusha (香鲜), umbala ocacile (汤清), ukuthambile okulula (味醇).

Isimo sangaphandle seqabunga elomile: Amahlumela aqinile, amancane, agobeke kancane (条索紧细微曲). Ambozwe uboyana besiliva obume bebheke phezulu (满披银毫) — isici esiyinhloko esibonakalayo. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani njenge-emerald, obonakala ngeqhwa lesiliva (翠绿隐毫).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lithambile, liyaphikelela (嫩香持久). Ukusha okuhlanzekile okuluhlaza (清香). Iphunga le-chestnut (栗香).
Iphunga lamanzi etiye: Lisha, liyaphikelela, linephrofayli ye-chestnut eluhlaza.
Ukunambitheka: Kumnandi futhi kuthambile (鲜醇, xiānchún), nobumnandi obubuyayo obuphawulekayo (回甘). Ubungqimba — bumaphakathi ngokuqina, buyazingela. Ubukrakra buncane. Ukunambitheka kwangemuva — kuhlanzekile, kuyavuselela.
Umbala wamanzi etiye: Uluhlaza ngokukhanya okulula, uhlanzekile futhi ucacile (汤清).
Amacembe asezansi (iqabunga elingeyisiwe): Amahlumela athambile, alinganayo, anombala oluhlaza. Aphelele, ayakwazi ukusondezwa.

7. Isakhiwo sezamakhemikhali:

Izi-polyfenoli (izikhatini): Izinga eliphakeme — elinikeza amandla okulwa ne-oxidation.
Ama-amino acid (kuhlanganise ne-L-theanine): Inani eliphakeme — i-cultivar i-Báiháo Zǎo iqukethe ama-amino acid angu-4.1%, okungaphezu kwesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine — inani elilinganiselwe.
I-fluoride: Izinga eliphakeme — elisiza ukuvikela i-enamel yamazinyo.
Amavithamini: Uvimamini C, amavithamini eqembu B.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-zinc, i-manganese, i-fluoride.

8. Izinzuzo zempilo:

Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidant: Izikhatini ziyanciphisa ama-radical akhululekile.
Umthelela wokuvuselela (提神醒脑): I-caffeine ne-L-theanine zinikeza amandla amancane nokuhleleka.
Ukuqondisa iphrofayili yamafutha (降血脂): Izikhatini zisiza ukwehlisa izinga le-cholesterol.
Ukuvikela amazinyo nokubona (护齿明目): I-fluoride iqinisa i-enamel; ama-carotenoid asekela impilo yamehlo.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Inhlanganisela yamavithamini namaminerali isekela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba.
Kubalulekile: le miphumela eshiwo isekelwe emininingwaneni etholakala emphakathini futhi ayizona izeluleko zezokwelapha.

9. Ukugaywa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85°C.
Inani letiye: amagremu angu-3 ngamamililitha angu-150 amanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:50–1:60).
Isitsha: Ingilazi ecwengekile noma inkomishi emhlophe yobumba — okokubuka uboyana besiliva nokuhlola ubumsulwa bamanzi etiye.
Inqubo:
1. Tshisa isitsha, ukhiphe amanzi.
2. Thela itiye.
3. Thela amanzi. Umsele wokuqala — imizuzwana engu-10–20.
4. Eminye imisele — yandisa ngemizuzwana engu-5–10. Itiye limelana nokugaywa izikhathi ezi-3–4.
Isexwayiso: kunconywa ukuphuza kushisa, ngemuva kwehora ngemuva kokudla. Amanzi etiye kungcono ukuthi setshenziswe phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30 ngemuva kokugaywa — uma ephola futhi e-oxidizing, ukunambitheka kuyehla.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivaleke kahle, endaweni emnyama nepholile.
Okuhle kakhulu — efrijini ekushiseni okungu-0–5°C.
Isikhathi sokugcina — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12.
Ngemuva kokuvula — sebenzisa phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-1–2.

11. Intengo kanye Nezinto Ezingezona Ezangempela:

I-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng — itiye elinenani elilinganiselwe lokukhiqiza: isisekelo — ama-mu angama-800 ezivande zokuhlola ze-Hunan Tea Research Institute. Isamba sincane, okwenza itiye langempela lingavamise ukutholakala ngaphandle kwase-Hunan.

Ungakwazi kanjani ukuyigwema imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile, okuhle kakhulu — imikhiqizo enophawu lwe-Hunan Tea Research Institute (湖南省茶叶研究所监制).
- Hlola uboyana: uboyana besiliva obuphawulekayo kumele bume bubheke phezulu, bungaweli. Uboyana obugxiliwe noma obungekho — uphawu lomgunyathi.
- Hlola iphunga: lithambile, lisha, line-chestnut. Iphunga elimahhadla noma “elifana notshani” — isizathu sokusola.
- Hlola amanzi etiye: ahlanzekile, acacile, aluhlaza ngokukhanya. Uma eguqubele — kuyasoleka.
- Naka intengo: i-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng yangempela evela endaweni eyinhloko ngeke ibhale ngentengo ephansi.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa adalwe njengomnikelo wesikhumbuzo kuhulumeni: yakhiwa njengesikhumbuzo seminyaka eyishumi ye-PRC ngo-1959. Leli yiwuhlobo lokuqala ‘olusha oludumile’ lwetiye lase-Hunan ngemuva kuka-1949.
Inkondlo emfushane kaGuo Moruo (1964): “肯让湖州夸紫笋，愿同双井斗红纱” — “Vumela uHuzhou azigabise ngamahlumela ansomi, / Sifuna ukuncintisana noShuangjing ngesilika obomvu.” UGuo Moruo wabeka i-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng ezingeni elifanayo namatiye amabili angamangange: i-Tang’s Gǔzhùzǐ Sǔn (紫笋) kanye ne-Song’s Shuāngjǐng (双井) — ukuncoma okuphakeme kunabo bonke.
Ubuchwepheshe “提毫” (ukwembula uboya) — ukuqanjwa okungelakho okokulinganisa okuqondile kwe-Hunan Institute, okungenazo izinto ezifanayo eziqondile emasikweni endabuko okulima itiye. Uboyana besiliva bume bubheke phezulu, abugxili ebusweni, — lokhu kubonakala ngokuhlukile kwe-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng kwawo wonke amatiye “anoboya”.
Itiye linconywe nguMao Zedong noZhou Enlai — ababili kubantu ababalulekile be-PRC. Ambalwa amatiye angazigabisa ngokuqashelwa yibo bobabili abaholi ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Imikhiqizo yalesi sikhungo idlule kusitifiketi “无公害” (ukungabi nabungozi) esezingeni lezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ehlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-European Union.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-Hunan namanye amatiye aluhlaza ‘anoboya’:

Gǔzhàng Máo Jiān (古丈毛尖): Ovela e-Xiangxi, e-Hunan. Naye ungowase-Hunan, naye unoboyana, kodwa — unesimo senalithi futhi uqinisile ngokwedlulele (kuze kube yimisele engu-15). I-Gǔzhàng — inokumelana okuqinile futhi “iqinile”; i-Yín Fēng — ithambile futhi “inesiliva”.
Jūnshān Yín Zhēn (君山银针): Ovela e-Hunan, kodwa — itiye eliphuzi, hhayi eliluhlaza. Bobabili — “banesiliva”, bobabili bangabase-Hunan, kodwa ngokobuchwepheshe nokunambitheka bangabezigaba ezahlukene.
Huángshān Máo Fēng (黄山毛峰): Ovela e-Anhui. Itiye eliluhlaza eliphushiweyo elinesimo “solimi lomqwayi”. I-Máo Fēng — ine-orchid kakhulu; i-Yín Fēng — “imsulwa ngokwesayensi” kakhudlwana, enoboyana obume bubheke phezulu.
Xìnyáng Máo Jiān (信阳毛尖): Ovela e-Henan. Naye unoboyana, kodwa — unenalithi, nephunga le-chestnut eliqinile le-wok eliphindwe kabili. I-Xìnyáng — inobungqimba obukhulu futhi “isenyakatho”; i-Yín Fēng — ithambile futhi “iseningizimu”.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Gāoqiáo Yín Fēng — itiye elazalwa isayensi futhi lanikezelwa ezweni lakithi. Yakhiwa elabhorethri ye-Hunan Tea Research Institute njengesikhumbuzo se-PRC, yahlatshelelwa nguGuo Moruo enkondlweni emfushane enamatiye amakhulu kunawo wonke amaTang namaSong, yanconywa nguMao Zedong — kepha nokho ihlala iyitiye elingenamhawu, elithambile, eli “nesiliva”, obuhle balo obukhulu — buboboyana obume bubheke phezulu, obukhumbuza iziqongo zezintaba ezimbozwe iqhwa. Ukunambitheka kwayo okusha nokuthambile namanzi etiye acacile ahlanzekile — akukona nje ukunambitheka okumnandi, kodwa umphumela obonakalayo wokuthi isayensi nobuciko kungakha kanjani itiye elifanele “ukuncintisana ngesilika obomvu” namangange ezinkathi ezedlule.