IGao Shan Cha

IGao Shan Cha yigama elijwayelekile lezinhlobo zetiye ezitshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme zamagquma. Igama elithi “Gao Shan” (高山) ngesiShayina lisho ngokoqobo “intaba ephakeme” noma “izwe eliphakeme”. Leli gama lisetshenziselwa ukuchaza amatiye atshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, ngokuvamile kusukela kumamitha ayi-1 000 ngaphezu kolwandle kuya phezulu, nakuba ukuchazwa okuqondile kobubanzi kungase kwehluke ezifundeni ezahlukene naphakathi kwabakhiqizi abehlukene.

Izimpawu Eziyinhloko ze-Gao Shan Cha:

• Umsuka Ezintabeni: Isici esibalulekile se-Gao Shan Cha umsuka waso ezindaweni eziphakeme. Ububanzi lapho bukhula khona – into ebalulekile ethonya izinga nezici zetiye.
• I-Terroir Eyhlukile: Izifunda eziphakeme zinezimo zezulu nezenhlabathi ezikhethekile ezithinta kahle ukukhula kwezihlahla zetiye. Lezi zimo zihlanganisa isimo sezulu esipholile, inkungu evamile, imisebe yelanga enamandla, ukuhamba kahle kwamanzi, nomhlabathi ocebile ngamaminerali.
• Ukukhula Okuhamba Kancane: Eziphakeme, izihlahla zetiye zikhula kancane ngenxa yesimo sezulu esipholile. Lokhu kukhula kancane kubangela ukugcwala kwezinhlanganisela ezinukayo, ama-amino acid nezinye izinto eziwusizo emacembeni etiye.
• Ukunambitheka Okuthambile Nokunephunga Elimnandi: IGao Shan Cha ngokuvamile yehluka ngokunambitheka okuthambile, okuthambileyo nokuqabulayo kunetiye elitshalwa ezindaweni eziphansi. Ingaba nephunga lezimbali, izithelo noma utshani, ngokuvamile inoshukela omnandi nobuhlungu obuncane.
• Ukuthungwa Okuthuthukile Nokunambitheka Emva Kwesikhathi: Itiye lezintaba ngokuvamile linokuthungwa okubushelelezi, okushelelayo nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside nokuqabulayo.
• Umkhiqizo Olinganiselwe Nokuba I-premium: Izindawo eziphakeme zivame ukungafinyeleleki kalula futhi zinezindawo ezincane zokutshala itiye. Lokhu, kuhlangene nezinga eliphezulu, kwenza i-Gao Shan Cha ivame ukuba yinto eyivelakancane neyi-premium.

Izinto Zasezintabeni Eziphakeme Ezithonya Izinga Le-Gao Shan Cha:

• Isimo Sezulu:

  • Amazinga Okushisa Apholile: Amazinga okushisa aphansi ezindaweni eziphakeme anciphisa ukusebenza kwesitshalo setiye ngaphakathi, okubangela ukugcwala kwama-amino acid (njenge-L-theanine, ebangela ubumnandi ne-umami) kanye nokuncipha kwama-catechin ababayo.
  • Inkungu Nokuswakama: Inkungu evamile nokuswakama okuphezulu ezindaweni eziphakeme kunikeza izitshalo zetiye umswakama ongapheli futhi kuzivikele emisebeni yelanga eyeqile. Inkungu futhi isiza ekwakhiweni kwama-amino acid.
  • Ukwehluka Okukhulu Kwamazinga Okushisa (Emini/Ebusuku): Ukwehluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa phakathi kwemini nobusuku ezintabeni nakho kungaba nomthelela ekugcwaleni kwezinto ezinukayo emacembeni etiye.

• Imisebe Yelanga:

  • Ilanga Elinamandla, Kodwa Elihlakaziweyo: Endaweni ephakeme, imisebe yelanga inamandla kakhulu, kodwa inkungu namafu kuvame ukuyihlakaza, kudale izimo zokukhanyisa okuhlakazekile. Lokhu kuhlangana kusiza i-photosynthesis nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlanganisela ezinukayo, kodwa ngaso leso sikhathi kuvikela amacembe ekushiseni ngokweqile nasekubeni lukhuni.

• Inhlabathi:

  • Ukuhamba Kahle Kwamanzi: Izithambeka zezintaba zinikeza indlela yemvelo yokuhamba kwamanzi, okubalulekile empilweni yezimpande zetiye nasekuvimbeleni ukugcwala kwamanzi.
  • I-Cebile Ngamaminerali: Inhlabathi yasezintabeni ivamise ukuba namaninerali amaningi nezinto ezincane ezingena ezitshalweni zetiye futhi zithonye ukunambitheka nephunga letiye.
  • Izinto Eziphilayo: Inhlabathi yasezintabeni ivamise ukuba nezinto eziphilayo eziningi, ngenxa yokubola kwamaqabunga awayo nokuncibilikiswa kancane kweminerali, nakho okusiza ukuvunda kwenhlabathi.

• Umoya:

  • Umoya Ohlanzekile: Izindawo eziphakeme ngokuvamile zinomoya ohlanzekile, ongangcolile, nakho okungathonya kahle izinga letiye.

Izifunda Zokukhiqiza I-Gao Shan Cha:

IGao Shan Cha ikhiqizwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zezintaba emhlabeni, kodwa yaziwa kakhulu e-Asia, ikakhulukazi:

• I-Taiwan: I-Gao Shan Cha yaseTaiwan yaziswa kakhulu. Izifunda ezisezintabeni eziphakeme ezaziwa kakhulu eTaiwan:

  • I-Alishan (阿里山): Esinye sezifunda ezaziwa kakhulu ze-Gao Shan Cha. Itiye lase-Alishan lidume ngephunga lalo lezimbali, ukuthungwa okunamafutha nokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside.
  • I-Li Shan (梨山): Isifunda setiye esiphakeme kakhulu eTaiwan. Itiye lase-Li Shan laziwa ngokunambitheka kwalo okucolekile nephunga.
  • I-Yu Shan (玉山): Itholakala eduze kwentaba i-Yushan (iNtaba YeJade), intaba ephakeme kakhulu eTaiwan.
  • I-Shan Lin Xi (杉林溪): Esinye isifunda esisezintabeni esaziwayo.
  • I-Chi Lai Shan (奇萊山): Itiye elisuka esifundeni sase-Chi Lai Shan.

• I-China:

  • I-Wuyishan (武夷山): Nakuba i-Wuyishan yaziwa ngama-oolong ayo asezimpandeni (i-Yan Cha), ezinye izingxenye eziphakeme zase-Wuyishan nazo zikhiqiza i-Gao Shan Cha.
  • I-Huangshan (黄山): Izintaba zase-Huangshan, lapho kutshalwa khona itiye eliluhlaza elidume kakhulu i-Huang Shan Mao Feng, nazo zingabhekwa njengesifunda esiphezulu.
  • I-Emeishan (峨眉山): Intaba i-Emeishan esifundazweni saseSichuan, lapho kukhiqizwa khona itiye eliluhlaza i-Emei Xue Ya, nayo iyisifunda esiphezulu.
  • I-Yunnan (云南): Isifundazwe saseYunnan, ikakhulukazi izindawo eziyizintaba, njengeBulang Shan neYi Wu Shan, lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-pu’er nezinye izinhlobo zetiye, nazo zingabhekwa njengezifunda ze-Gao Shan Cha.

• I-India:

  • I-Darjeeling: I-Darjeeling eseHimalayas, edume ngamasimu ayo etiye asezintabeni eziphakeme, ikhiqiza itiye ngokwezici eziningi elingabekwa ngaphansi kwe-Gao Shan Cha.
  • I-Nilgiri: Izintaba eziluhlaza zaseNilgiri eningizimu ye-India nazo zikhiqiza itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme.

• I-Nepal: Izindawo eziphakeme zaseNepal ezisondelene ne-Darjeeling nazo zikhiqiza itiye elifana ne-Gao Shan Cha.

• I-Vietnam: Izindawo eziyizintaba ezisenyakatho yeVietnam.

• I-Japan: Ezinye izingadi zetiye eziphakeme eJapan, nakuba igama elithi “Gao Shan Cha” lingavamile ukusetshenziswa eJapan, kodwa umqondo wetiye lasezintabeni ukhona.

Izinhlobo Zetiye Ezikhiqizwa Njenge-Gao Shan Cha:

Ngokuyinhloko, i-Gao Shan Cha akuyona uhlobo oluthile lwetiye, kodwa isigaba esisekelwe endaweni yokukhula. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye zingatshalwa ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibekwe njenge-Gao Shan Cha. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zetiye ezikhiqizwa njenge-Gao Shan Cha:

• I-Oolong: Ama-oolong aseTaiwan e-Gao Shan – awona aziwa kakhulu futhi anenani eliphezulu. Ama-oolong avezela kahle izici ze-terroir, futhi izindawo eziphakeme zinikeza isimilo esikhethekile.
• Itiye Eliluhlaza: Eziphakeme kukhiqizwa itiye eliluhlaza elimangalisayo, elingaba mnene futhi libe mnandi ukudlula itiye eliluhlaza lasemathafeni. Isibonelo, itiye eliluhlaza eliphakeme le-Long Jing noma i-Bi Luo Chun.
• Itiye Elimhlophe: Eziphakeme kungenziwa netiye elimhlophe, isibonelo, i-Bai Mu Dan noma i-Yin Zhen, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.
• Itiye Elimnyama: Ezinye izifunda eziphakeme, njenge-Darjeeling, zikhiqiza itiye elimnyama, nalo elingabekwa njenge-Gao Shan Cha ngomqondo obanzi.

Indlela Yokuhlonza Nokukhetha I-Gao Shan Cha:

• Umsuka: Naka isifunda somsuka. Funani amatiye avela ezindaweni ezisezintabeni eziphakeme ezaziwayo, njenge-Alishan, i-Li Shan, i-Darjeeling, njll. Ulwazi ngomsuka kufanele lubhalwe ephaketheni noma encazelweni yetiye.
• Incazelo Yokunambitheka Nephunga: Funani izincazelo ezigcizelela ukunambitheka nephunga elimnene, lezimbali, lezithelo, nobisi. Amagama anjengokuthi “okuqabulayo”, “ubushelelezi”, “okuhlanzekile” nawo angabonisa i-Gao Shan Cha.
• Inani: I-Gao Shan Cha ngokuvamile ibiza kakhulu kunetiye elitshalwa emathafeni, ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okudinga umsebenzi omningi kanye nezinga eliphezulu. Inani eliphansi ngendlela esolisayo ngetiye elibizwa ngokuthi “Gao Shan Cha” lingaba uphawu lokumgunyathi noma izinga eliphansi.
• Indlela Ebukeka Ngayo (ngokuhlobene): Indlela ebukeka ngayo ingahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwetiye. Kuma-oolong anezinga eliphezulu, ukusonteka kungaba okuxineneyo nokucophelelayo. Emitiye eluhlaza, iqabunga lingaba mnene futhi liphelele. Nokho, indlela ebukeka ngayo ayisona isici esinqumayo.
• Ukunambitha: Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa izinga le-Gao Shan Cha ukuyinambitha. Naka ukunambitheka, iphunga, ukuthungwa nokunambitheka emva kwesikhathi. I-Gao Shan Cha kufanele ibe nokulinganisela, okuvumelanayo nokumnandi.
• Isithunzi Somthengisi: Thenga i-Gao Shan Cha kubathengisi abathembekile, abagxile etiyeni elinezinga. Banganikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe ngomsuka nezinga letiye.

Ukuphisa Nokujabulela I-Gao Shan Cha:

• Izinga Lamanzi: Sebenzisa amanzi athambile, ahlungiwe.
• Izinga Lokushisa Lamanzi: Izinga lokushisa lamanzi lixhomeke ohlotsheni lwetiye lwe-Gao Shan Cha. Emitiye eluhlaza – izinga lokushisa eliphansi (75-85°C), kuma-oolong – eliphakeme (85-95°C). Itiye elimhlophe liphinde liphiswe ngezinga eliphansi.
• Izitsha: Ukuphisa ungasebenzisa i-gaiwan, i-teapot eyenziwe ngodaka lwase-Yixing, izitsha zobumba noma zengilazi.
• Inani Letiye: Sebenzisa inani elilinganiselwe letiye ukuze unganambitheki ngokweqile. Ngokuvamile amagremu angu-3-5 ngamamililitha angu-150-200 wamanzi.
• Isikhathi Sokuphisa: Ukuphisa kokuqala kufanele kube okufushane (imizuzwana eyi-15-30), ukuphisa okulandelayo kungandiswa kancane kancane. I-Gao Shan Cha ivamise ukumelana nokuphindwa kaningi.
• Jabulela Iphunga Nokunambitheka: Phuza itiye kancane, ujabulele iphunga lalo elimnene, ukunambitheka okucolekile nokunambitheka okuqabulayo emva kwesikhathi.

Ekuphetheni:

IGao Shan Cha ayilona nje itiye, iwukubonakaliswa kwama-terroir asezintabeni ahlukile kanye nobungcweti babakhiqizi betiye. Yaziswa ngezimfanelo zayo ezikhethekile, ezibangelwa umsuka wokuba ezintabeni eziphakeme: ukunambitheka okuthambile, iphunga elicolekile, ukunambitheka okuqabulayo emva kwesikhathi nokuhlanjululwa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ipuleti letiye eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni litholakala eTibet endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-3 500, lapho kutshalwa khona i-“Xizang Gao Shan Cha” (西藏高山茶, xī zàng gāo shān chá) yokuhlola. ETaiwan kunomkhuba wokuthi “cha shan pao” (茶山跑, chá shān pǎo) – imijaho yamamarathon emasimini etiye ase-Alishan, ophumelela uthola umgodi wonyaka wetiye le-premium. Ngo-2019 izazi zezinkanyezi zesikhumulo sasemkhathini saseChina zaphuza i-Gao Shan Cha eyayilungiselwe ngokukhethekile njengengxenye yokuhlola ukubona ukunambitheka lapho kungekho mphumela wezulu. Inganekwane ithi izihlahla zetiye eNtabeni u-Alishan zatshalwa ngembeu eyalethwa inyoni engcwele ivela emazulwini, yingakho itiye line-“tian xiang” (天香, tiān xiāng) – iphunga lasezulwini. Esikweni laseJapane kunomqondo othi “yama cha” (山茶, yama cha) – itiye lasezintabeni, elifana ngomqondo ne-Gao Shan Cha, kodwa ligcizelela ukunambitheka kwe-umami. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lubonise ukuthi izitshalo zetiye endaweni ephakeme ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2 000 zikhiqiza amaprotheni okuvikela afana ne-antifreeze, okunikeza ukumnandi okukhethekile okumanzi. Izingcweti zetiye zaseTaiwan zisebenzisa umculo lapho zicubungula i-Gao Shan Cha, zikholelwa ukuthi ukudlidliza kunomthelela ohlelweni lokubilisa.

11. Intengo Nemigunyakithi:

Intengo ye-Gao Shan Cha eyiqiniso yakhiwa yilezi zici: ububanzi bepuleti, ukwaziwa kwe-terroir, ixesha lokuvuna, ubungcweti bokucubungula. I-Da Yu Ling (大禹嶺, dà yǔ lǐng) ye-premium ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2 600 ingabiza ama-USD angu-500-1 000/ikhilogremu, i-Li Shan (梨山) – ama-USD angu-200-500/ikhilogremu, i-Alishan – ama-USD angu-50-200/ikhilogremu. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemigunyakithi: “ping di chong gao” (平地充高, píng dì chōng gāo) – ukwenza itiye lasemathafeni libe nje ngetiye lasezintabeni; “hun pei” (混配, hùn pèi) – ukuhlanganisa nezinto ezithile ezishibhile; “tian jia xiang jing” (添加香精, tiān jiā xiāng jīng) – ukwengeza izinambitheka. Izimpawu zomgunyakithi: iphunga elikhanya ngokweqile, ukuphela kokunambitheka ngokushesha emva kokuphindwa izikhathi ezingu-2-3, umbala ongajwayelekile wokumanzi. Izindlela zokuhlola: ukuhlola “ye di” (葉底) – iqabunga elibilisiwe ukuze kubonakale ukufana; ukuhlola “leng wen” (冷聞, lěng wén) – iphunga elibandayo lenkomishi engenalutho kumele lihlale likhona; ukuhlola izitifiketi ze-“chan di zheng ming” (產地證明, chǎn dì zhèng míng). Kunconywa ukuthenga kubanikezeli abaqinisekisiwe abanokulandelelana okungalandeleka “cong cha yuan dao cha bei” (從茶園到茶杯, cóng chá yuán dào chá bēi) – kusukela epuletini kuya enkomishini.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Ukugcinwa okufanele kwe-Gao Shan Cha kusekelwe esimisweni esithi “wu fang” (五防, wǔ fáng) – izivikelo ezinhlanu: ekuswameni, ekukhanyeni, emaphungeni, emoyeni nasemboniseni lokushisa eliphezulu. Umswakama omuhle ungama-50-60%, izinga lokushisa lingu-5-15°C ukuze kugcinwe isikhathi eside noma 15-25°C ukuze kusetshenziswe okwamanje. Kusetshenziswa iziqukathi ezingangeni umoya ezenziwe nge-“xi cha guan” (錫茶罐, xī chá guàn) – iziqukathi zethini, noma “zi sha guan” (紫砂罐, zǐ shā guàn) – ubumba lwase-Yixing kuma-oolong. Ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum “zhen kong bao zhuang” (真空包裝, zhēn kōng bāo zhuāng) kwandisa ukusha kuze kube yiminyaka emibili. Ezinhlobeni zamawayini asezingeni eliphezulu kusetshenziswa indlela ethi “dong cang” (凍藏, dòng cáng) – ukuqandisa ku—18°C ngezincwana ezincane. Kubalulekile ukugwema “chuan wei” (串味, chuàn wèi) – ukudluliswa kwamaphunga angaphandle, ngokugcina itiye lihlukene nezikhonkwane nemikhiqizo enamaphunga. Isikhathi sokugcina i-Gao Shan Cha eluhlaza singezinyanga eziyi-12-18, ama-oolong abilisiwe kancane – izinyanga eziyi-18-24, okokubilisa okuphakathi – kuze kube yiminyaka emithathu uma kuhlangatshezwana nezimo.

9. Ukuphisa:

Ukuphiseka okuhle kwe-Gao Shan Cha kudinga ukuhambisana nomgomo othi “cha shui bi” (茶水比, chá shuǐ bǐ) – inani elifanele lwetiye namanzi. Kuma-oolong kunconywa u-1:20-1:30, emitiye eluhlaza u-1:50. Amanzi kufanele ahlangabezane nezinga le-“shan quan shui” (山泉水, shān quán shuǐ) – amanzi emithombo yezintaba anomaminerali angama-50-150 mg/l. Izinga lokushisa: emitiye eluhlaza ye-Gao Shan Cha 75-80°C, kuma-oolong abilisiwe kancane 85-90°C, okokubilisa okuphakathi 90-95°C. Indlela ye-“gong fu cha” (功夫茶, gōng fū chá) ihilela: ukufudumeza izitsha “wen bei” (溫杯, wēn bēi), ukuhlambulula itiye “xi cha” (洗茶, xǐ chá) – imizuzwana emihlanu, uchungechunge lwamabhola amafushane akhula isikhathi: imizuzwana engu-20-30-40-60-90-120. Enye indlela ethi “leng pao” (冷泡, lěng pào) – ukubandisa amahora angu-4-8 – yembula kakhulu ubumnandi betiye lasezintabeni. Kubalulekile ukuhambisana ne-“cha dao” (茶道, chá dào) – indlela yetiye, ehlanganisa ukunikezwa kahle kwamanzi “gao chong” (高沖, gāo chōng) – kusuka phezulu ukuze kugcwele i-oksijini.

8. Izimfanelo Eziwusizo:

IGao Shan Cha inezimfanelo ezisebenzayo zokuvumelana nezimo, zisiza umzimba ukuzivumelanisa nokucindezeleka. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-L-theanine kusiza “an shen” (安神, ān shén) – ukuthulisa umoya, ukuthuthukisa ukugxila ngaphandle komphumela odambisayo. Umsebenzi wokulwa ne-oxidation, okalwa ngendlela ye-ORAC, ufinyelela ku-1 500-2 000 μmol TE/g, okuphumelelayo “kang yang hua” (抗氧化, kàng yǎng huà) – ukulwa nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative. Ama-polysaccharides etiye abonisa isenzo sokuguqula amasosha omzimba, ekuqiniseni “wei qi” (衛氣, wèi qì) – amandla okuvikela omzimba. Ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kusiza “jiang zhi” (降脂, jiàng zhī) – ukwehlisa amafutha egazini, ukulinganisela kwe-cholesterol. I-GABA ekwakhiweni kwetiye inomthelela ophehlisanayo, isiza lapho kunomfutho wegazi ophakeme “gao xue ya” (高血壓, gāo xuè yā) – umfutho ophakeme. Inhlanganisela yamaminerali isekela “gu zhi” (骨質, gǔ zhì) – ukwamukelwa kwethambo, ikakhulukazi ukugcwala kwe-calcium ne-magnesium egayekayo. Kumuthi wendabuko waseChina i-Gao Shan Cha ibekwa emikhiqizweni ethi “qing re jie du” (清熱解毒, qīng rè jiě dú) – ehlanza ukushisa nokhipha ubuthi.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-Gao Shan Cha kubonakala ngokulinganisela okuyingqayizivele kwezinhlanganisela ezisebenzayo. Ukugcwala kwama-amino acid kufinyelela ku-3-5% wesisindo esomile, okuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-1.5-2 kunamatiye asemathafeni. Okugqamile yi-L-theanine (茶氨酸, chá ān suān), ehlanganisa kuze kube ngama-50% wenani eliphelele lama-amino acid. Ukugcwala kwama-catechin (兒茶素, ér chá sù) okuphakathi – 15-20%, lapho isilinganiso se-EGCG ne-EGC sigoqwe ngakoluhlobo olungenabuhlungu obuncane. I-caffeine (咖啡因, kā fēi yīn) ikhona ngenani elingu-2-3%, okuphansi kunamatiye asemathafeni. Kuphakeme ukugcwala kwezinhlanganisela ezinukayo eziphindaphindekayo: i-linalool, i-geraniol, i-nerolidol, i-benzyl alcohol. Ama-polysaccharides (茶多糖, chá duō táng) ahlanganisa u-3-4%, okunikeza ubumnandi nokujiya kokumanzi. Ukwakheka kwamaminerali kucebile nge-potassium (2 000-3 000 mg/100g), i-magnesium (200-300 mg/100g), i-manganese (50-150 mg/100g). Isici esikhethekile ukugcwala okunyukile kwe-γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), eyakhiwe ezimeni zokugaywa kokudla okungenayo i-oksijini emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

6. Izinkomba Ze-Organoleptic:

IGao Shan Cha ihluke ngephrofayili yephunga eliyinkimbinkimbi elinamanothi aqavile e-“hua xiang” (花香, huā xiāng) – iphunga lezimbali, elihlanganisa imibala ye-orchid, i-jasmine, ne-osmanthus. Okunye okubalulekile yi-“gao shan yun” (高山韻, gāo shān yùn) – ukunambitheka okukhethekile kwasezintabeni emva kwesikhathi, okuchazwa njengokuqabulayo, nokuncane kwaminerali. Ukunambitheka kwehluka ngobumnandi obugqamile “gan” (甘, gān) kanye nokungabi bikho kobuhlungu “ku” (苦, kǔ). Ukuthungwa kokumanzi “hua run” (滑潤, huá rùn) – okubushelelezi nokunamafutha, nokomzwelo we-“hou yun” (喉韻, hóu yùn) – ukudlidliza komphimbo. Umbala wokumanzi uhluka kusukela osagolide okhanyayo kuye okwe-amber kuma-oolong, kusuka oluhlaza okuphaphathekile kuye okuphuzi ngokuluhlaza emitiye eluhlaza. Iphunga leqabunga elomile “gan xiang” (乾香, gān xiāng) linamandla, elinamanothi ohlaza olusha nezimbali. Lapho uphola ukumanzi kuthola “leng xiang” (冷香, lěng xiāng) okujwayelekile – iphunga elibandayo, elibhekwa njengophawu lwezinga eliphezulu. Amaqabunga emva kokuphisa akhombisa “ye di” (葉底, yè dǐ) yezinga eliphezulu – anwebekayo, anemiphetho ebushelelezi, enombala ogqamile.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Gao Shan Cha buyehluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwetiye, kodwa bunezici ezijwayelekile ezibangelwa izici zezinto eziluhlaza ezisuka ezintabeni. Kuma-oolong inqubo ihlanganisa: wei diao (萎凋, wěi diāo) – ukushiswa amahora angu-8-12 emboniseni lokushisa loku-20-25°C; yao qing (搖青, yáo qīng) – ukunyakazisa amaqabunga izikhathi ezingu-4-6 ngezikhawu zokubilisa imiphetho; sha qing (殺青, shā qīng) – ukugxilisa emboniseni lokushisa loku-280-320°C; rou nian (揉捻, róu niǎn) – ukusonteka, ngokuvamile ngezigaba ezimbili; yi hong gan (烘乾, hōng gān) – ukomisa ku-80-100°C. Isici esikhethekile sokucubungula izinto eziluhlaza ezisezintabeni uhlelo olubucayi kakhulu lokubilisa (15-25% uma kuqhathaniswa no-30-40% kuma-oolong asemathafeni) namazinga okushisa okuphansi okomisa ukuze kugcinwe izinhlanganisela ezinukayo eziphindaphindekayo. Emitiye eluhlaza ye-Gao Shan Cha kusetshenziswa indlela ethi “gao wen duan sha” (高溫短殺, gāo wēn duǎn shā) – ukugxilisa kwesikhashana emazingeni aphezulu okushisa, okuvumela ukugcinwa kokusha nephunga. Ukuhlukaniswa kokugcina kuhlanganisa ukukhethwa ngosayizi, ukususwa kwezikhwebu namaqabunga alimele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

I-terroir ye-Gao Shan Cha ichazwa yinhlanganisela yezinto: ububanzi obungaphezu kolwandle, ukuvezwa kwethambeka, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi kanye nesimo sezulu esincane. Izithambeka ezibheke empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga ezinesithambeka esingama-degree angu-15-30 zibhekwa njengezifanele. Inhlabathi ezindaweni eziphakeme ikakhulukazi ine-acid (i-pH 4.5-5.5), icebile nge-iron ne-aluminium, futhi inomthamo omkhulu wezinto eziphilayo. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa yinto ethi “yun wu” (雲霧, yún wù) – amankungu asezintabeni, adala ukufiphala kwemvelo futhi agcine umswakama kumazinga angu-80-85%. Ukutshala i-Gao Shan Cha kudinga izindlela ezikhethekile zezolimo: ukwenza amathala ezithambekeni, ukwakha imigqa evikela umoya, ukusebenzisa umquba wezinto eziphilayo. Ukuphocwa kwezihlahla kwenziwa ngohlelo lwethi “tai ge” (台刈, tái gē) – ukuphucwa okuphansi ukuze kukhuthazelwe ukukhula kwamaqabunga amasha. Ukuvunwa ezindaweni eziphakeme kwenzeka izikhathi ezingu-3-4 ngonyaka, okuphansi kakhulu kunasemathafeni. Ngenxa yobunzima bokufinyelela, kuvame ukusetshenziswa umsebenzi wezandla, okwandisa izindleko zomkhiqizo.

3. Incazelo Ye-Botanical Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

Ukukhiqiza i-Gao Shan Cha kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene ze-Camellia sinensis, ezivumelaniswe nezimo zezintaba eziphakeme. ETaiwan izinhlamvu ezivame kakhulu ziyi-Qing Xin Wu Long (青心烏龍, qīng xīn wū lóng), i-Jin Xuan (金萱, jīn xuān) kanye ne-Si Ji Chun (四季春, sì jì chūn). Eziphakeme izihlahla zetiye zihlakulela isistimu yezimpande enamandla kakhulu ukuze zigxumele ezithambekeni futhi zimunce izondlo ezisuka emhlabathini wamatshe. Amaqabunga ezitshalo ezisezintabeni ngokuvamile mancane ngosayizi, kodwa awugqinsi, ane-waxy cuticle egqamile ukuzivikela emisebeni ye-UV enamandla. I-internodes imifushane, okwenza ama-flushes abe mncincane. Izinto eziluhlaza ze-Gao Shan Cha zivunwa ngokwezinga le-“yi xin san ye” (一心三葉, yī xīn sān yè) – ihlumela namacembe amathathu, nakuba ezinhlobeni zamawayini asezingeni eliphezulu kungasetshenziswa izinga le-“yi xin er ye” (一心二葉, yī xīn èr yè) – ihlumela namacembe amabili. Isici sezinto eziluhlaza ezisuka eziphakeme ukugcwala okuphakeme kwama-amino acid, ikakhulukazi i-theanine, kanye nokugcwala okuphansi kwama-polyphenol, okubangelwa ukukhula kancane ezimeni zamazinga okushisa aphansi.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando wetiye lasentabeni uxhumene ngokungenakwehlukaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesiko letiye eChina. Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwaSong (960-1279 AD) itiye lasentabeni laba yintela enkantolo yombusi, okuqinise isikhundla salo njengeGong Cha (貢茶, gòng chá) – itiye lombusi. Ngokwesiko, iGao Shan Cha ifanekisela ukulangazelela ubumsulwa nokuphelela, ibonisa umgomo wamaDaoist wokuhlangana nemvelo. ETaiwan isiko leGao Shan Cha lathola ukuthuthuka okukhethekile emva kuka-1949, lapho izingcweti ezivela ezwenikazi laseChina ziletha amasiko okucubungula ama-oolong. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, i-Gao Shan Cha yaseTaiwan yaba wuphawu lwesimangaliso sezomnotho sesiqhingi, futhi imikhosi yetiye kusetshenziswa ama-oolong asezintabeni eziphakeme yaguquka yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lamabhizinisi. EShayina yanamuhla, isisho esithi “ukuphuza i-Gao Shan Cha” (喝高山茶, hē gāo shān chá) sesibe yisingathekiso sokunambitheka okucolekile nesikhundla esiphakeme emphakathini. Itiye lasentabeni liphinde lidlale indima ebalulekile emuthini wendabuko waseChina, lapho laziwa khona ngomphumela walo wokuthi “uhlambulule ukushisa” (清熱, qīng rè) kanye “nokondle i-yin” (養陰, yǎng yīn).

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

IGao Shan Cha (高山茶, gāo shān chá) ayihlukaniswa ngendlela yokucubungula, kodwa ngokohlelo lwendawo – ububanzi lapho izihlahla zetiye zikhula khona. Esikweni letiye laseChina kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okucacile: iPing Di Cha (平地茶, píng dì chá) – itiye lasemathafeni (kufika ku-300 m), iBan Gao Shan Cha (半高山茶, bàn gāo shān chá) – itiye eliphakathi nendawo (300-1 000 m), kanye ne-Gao Shan Cha ngokwayo – itiye lasentabeni eliphakeme (ngaphezu kwe-1 000 m). ETaiwan lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunemininingwane ethe xaxa: itiye elitshalwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-1 000-1 500 libizwa nje ngeGao Shan Cha, kanti elikhula ngaphezu kwe-1 500 m – iGao Leng Cha (高冷茶, gāo lěng chá), okusho “itiye eliphezulu elibandayo”. Igama elithi “Gao Shan” lavela okokuqala emibhalweni yaseShayina yohlanga lwakwaTang (618-907 AD), lapho imbongi uLu Yu embhalweni wakhe othi “Cha Jing” (茶經) ephawula ukuthi “itiye elivela ezintabeni eziphakeme lidlula itiye elivela ezigodini”. Imvelaphi yokutshala itiye ezindaweni eziphakeme ixhumene nokuhamba kwemvelo kwezihlahla zetiye zasendle eziya ezindaweni eziyizintaba zaseYunnan kanye nokuhlaselwa kwalezi zindawo ngabantu kamuva.