I-GABA itiye (i-GABA itiye, GABA – Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, i-Gamma-aminobutyric acid, i-GABA)

I-GABA itiye (i-GABA itiye, GABA - Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, i-Gamma-aminobutyric acid, i-GABA)

I-GABA itiye (i-GABA itiye, GABA - Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid, i-Gamma-aminobutyric acid, i-GABA)

1. Ukuhlukaniswa nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Akulona uhlobo olwehlukile lwetiye ngokwesayensi yezitshalo, kodwa itiye elicutshungulwe ngobuchwepheshe obukhethekile, obandisa okuqukethwe i-GABA. Isisekelo singaba noma yiluphi uhlobo lwetiye (oluhlaza, i-oolong, olubomvu, olumhlophe), kodwa ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ama-oolong.
Isigaba: Amatiye asebenzayo, amatiye anothisiwe.
Imvelaphi: Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye le-GABA basungulwa e-Japan ngeminyaka yawo-1980 nguDokotela Tsushida Tojiro. Kamuva ubuchwepheshe basakazekela e-Thailand, kwase kufika nakwamanye amazwe, kubandakanya ne-China.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Zincike endaweni okukhiqizwa kuyo itiye le-GABA elithile (i-Japan, i-Thailand, i-China, njll.).

2. Umlando nokubaluleka kwezamasiko:

Umlando: Ukutholakala kwetiye le-GABA kuhlobene nocwaningo lososayensi base-Japan, olwaluhlose ukuthola izindlela zokwandisa okuqukethwe i-GABA ekudleni. Ekuqaleni ubuchwepheshe babusetshenziswa elayisi, imifino nakweminye imikhiqizo, bese bujwayela itiye. E-Japan itiye le-GABA lazuza ukuthandwa ngokushesha njengesiphuzo esiletha ukuphumula nokunciphisa ingcindezi. E-Thailand ubuchwepheshe bathuthukiswa, kwenziwa ngcono ubumnandi betiye.
Igama:
- “I-GABA” – isifinyezo esamukelekayo se-gamma-aminobutyric acid (i-Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid).
Ukubaluleka kwezamasiko: Itiye le-GABA libekwa njengesiphuzo esinomphumela wokuthulisa, wokuphumuza, olekelela ekunciphiseni ingcindezi, ekuthuthukiseni ubuthongo nasekuqondiseni ukugxila. Lithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abaphila ukuphila okumatasa futhi ababhekene nezindleko eziphakeme zengqondo nemizwa.

3. Incazelo yezitshalo kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo: Ekukhiqizweni kwetiye le-GABA kungase kusetshenziswe izinhlobo ezahlukene zesihlahla setiye, kokubili ezase-Japan (isib. i-Yabukita) nezase-Thailand (isib. i-Qing Xin Oolong, i-Jin Xuan). Ukukhetha uhlobo kuthinta izici zokunambitheka nephunga lomkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ukuvuna: Isikhathi sokuvuna nezinga lokuvuna kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye olusetshenziswa njengesisekelo (oluhlaza, i-oolong, olubomvu, njll.).
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Kusetshenziswa amahlamvu etiye asezingeni eliphezulu, anempilo.

4. I-Terroir nezici zokutshalwa:

Isifunda: Kuncike endaweni okukhiqizwa kuyo itiye le-GABA elithile. I-Japan, i-Thailand ne-China (izifundazwe zase-Fujian, Zhejiang, njll.) zingabakhiqizi abakhulu.
Ukuphakama okutshalwayo: Kungahlukahluka.
Umhlabathi: Kuncike esifundeni.
Isimo sezulu: Kuncike esifundeni.
Izici: Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile ze-terroir ekukhiqizweni kwetiye le-GABA. Okubalulekile yikhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza nokulandela ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.

5. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza:

Isici esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza itiye le-GABA ukuvutshelwa kwekhasi letiye endaweni engenawo umoya-mpilo, emkhathini ocebile nge-nitrogen. Le nqubo ithuthukisa ukunqwabelana kwe-gamma-aminobutyric acid (i-GABA) ekhasini letiye.

Ukuvuna (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Kuchazwe ngenhla.
Ukubhaceka (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Amacembu avuniwe andlalwa ngaphandle noma endlini ukuze kususwe umswakama owedlulele. Ubude balesi sigaba buncike ohlotsheni lwetiye.
Ukuvutshelwa ezimweni ezingenawo umoya-mpilo (ukuvutshelwa okungenawo umoya-mpilo): Lona yisigaba esiyinhloko ekukhiqizweni kwetiye le-GABA. Amacembu etiye afakwa ezitsheni ezikhethekile ezivaleka ngokuphelele noma emagumbini, lapho umoya umununwa khona kufakwe i-nitrogen. Kulezi zimo, phakathi namahora awu-6–12 (ngezinye izikhathi ngaphezulu), i-GABA iyanqwabelana ekhasini letiye. Izinga lokushisa elifanele lale nqubo lilinganiselwa ku-40°C.
‘Ukubulala uhlaza’ (杀青 - shā qīng): Uma kusetshenziswa itiye eliluhlaza noma i-oolong evutshelwe kancane njengesisekelo, ngemuva kokuvutshelwa okungenawo umoya-mpilo kwenziwa isigaba ‘sokubulala uhlaza’ — ukuthoswa okufushane ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ukumisa ukuqhubeka kwe-oxidation.
Ukusontelana (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Amacembu ayasonteleka, enikezwa ukuma okuvamile kwalolo hlobo lwetiye.
I-Oxidation (ukuvutshelwa kwendabuko): Uma kusetshenziswa i-oolong noma itiye elibomvu njengesisekelo, ngemuva kwesigaba sokuvutshelwa okungenawo umoya-mpilo, kungenziwa ukuvutshelwa okujwayelekile emoyeni.
Ukomisa (烘干 - hōnggān): Itiye liyomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama nokulungisa ukuma.
Ukuthosa (焙火 - bèihuǒ): Kuma-oolong kungenziwa ukuthosa kokugcina.
Ukuhlunga (分级 - fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlungwa ngosayizi nekhwalithi.

6. Izici zokunambitheka nephunga:

Izici zokunambitheka nephunga zetiye le-GABA zincike ohlotsheni lwetiye olusetshenziswe njengesisekelo (oluhlaza, i-oolong, olubomvu), kanye nasezingeni lokuvutshelwa, ukuthosa nezinye izinto. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezithile ezivamile ezingabalulwa:

Ukubukeka kwekhasi elomile: Kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo. Ngokuvamile amahlamvu asontelekile, ukuma kwawo okuvamile kwalolo hlobo lwetiye (amabhola, imichilo, izipheleli, njll.). Umbala ungahluka kusuka koluhlaza kuye konsundu omnyama.
Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Ngokuvamile kuba khona ‘umuncu’ oyisici, okhumbuza iphunga lemikhiqizo ebilisiwe noma amakhoba, okuwumphumela wokuvutshelwa okungenawo umoya-mpilo. Futhi, kungase kube kukhona amanothi ahambelana netiye eliyisisekelo (izimbali, izithelo, amantongomane, uju, njll.).
Iphunga lokumunyungwa: Lithambile kunalelo lekhasi elomile. Kungase kube khona amanothi ezimbali, ezithelo, oju, amantongomane, kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo. Umuncu, ngokujwayelekile, udlulela ekumunyungweni.
Ukunambitheka: Ukunambitheka nakho kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo, kodwa ngokuvamile kuchazwa njengokunomuncu omncane, okunamanothi ezithelo, omuthi wemali noma amantongomane. Kungase kube nokubaba okuncane. Ukunambitheka ngemva kokugwinya ngokuvamile kumnandi futhi kuyaqabula.
Umbala wokumunyungwa: Kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo. Ungasusela koliphuzi olukhanyayo (itiye eliluhlaza) kuye kolibomvu okhanyayo (itiye elibomvu).
Isisekelo setiye (ikhasi eliphekiwe): Kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo.

7. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali:

Ngaphandle kwezinto ezijwayelekile etiyeni elivamile (ama-polyphenol, ama-amino acid, ama-alkaloid, amavithamini, amaminerali), itiye le-GABA lihlukile ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-gamma-aminobutyric acid (i-GABA).

I-GABA (i-Gamma-aminobutyric acid): Isici esiyinhloko saleli tiye. Okuqukethwe i-GABA etiyeni le-GABA kufanele kube okungenani amamiligremu awu-150 ngegramu eziyi-100 zesisindo esomile, ngokwamazinga ase-Japan nase-Thailand. Kwezinye izimo, okuqukethwe kungafinyelela ku-300–400 mg nangaphezulu.
Ama-Polyphenol: Okuqukethwe kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo.
Ama-Amino acid: Okuqukethwe ama-amino acid, ngaphandle kwe-GABA, nakho kungashintsha kancane ngesikhathi sokuvutshelwa okungenawo umoya-mpilo.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Okuqukethwe i-caffeine kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo.
Amavithamini: C, weqembu B.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluorine, i-magnesium, i-manganese.

8. Izinzuzo zempilo:

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zetiye le-GABA zihlobene nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-GABA:

Ukunciphisa izinga lengcindezi nokukhathazeka: I-GABA iyi-neurotransmitter eyinhloko evimbayo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi. Ilekelela ekuphumuleni, ekunciphiseni izinga lengcindezi nokukhathazeka.
Ukuthuthukisa ubuthongo: Itiye le-GABA lingasiza ekuqedeni ukuqwasha nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yobuthongo.
Ukwandisa ukugxila nokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yengqondo: I-GABA ingathuthukisa imisebenzi yengqondo, njengenkumbulo, ukunaka nekhono lokufunda.
Ukwehlisa umfutho wegazi: Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-GABA ingasiza ekwehliseni umfutho wegazi.
Umphumela wokuvikela izinzwa: I-GABA ingavikela amangqamuzana ebuchosheni ekulimaleni.
Umphumela wokulwa ne-oxidation: Njengezinye izinhlobo zetiye, itiye le-GABA linezinto zokulwa ne-oxidation.
Ezinye izinzuzo zempilo: Zincike ohlotsheni lwetiye olusetshenziswe njengesisekelo.

9. Ukuphisa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: Lincike ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo. Kwitiye eliluhlaza: 70-80°C, kuma-oolong: 85-95°C, kwitiye elibomvu: 90-95°C.
Ubuningi betiye: Amagremu awu-5–7 emanzini awu-150–200 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan, i-teapot yobumba lwase-Yixing, izitsha ze-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Faka itiye ku-gaiwan noma e-teapot.
3. Thela amanzi etiyeni bese uwasula ngokushesha ukuchithwa kokuqala (ukugeza itiye).
4. Thela amanzi futhi etiyeni bese ulithisa ngokwezincomo zohlobo oluthile lwetiye (kuma-oolong ngokuvamile kuqalwa ngokumumungwa okufushane kwemizuzwana engama-30 - umzuzu owu-1, kwandiswe isikhathi kancane kancane).
5. Thela okumunyiwe ezinkomishini.
6. Phinda ukuphisa izikhathi ezimbalwa, ngokuvamile okumumungwa okungu-3–7, kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye.

10. Ukugcina:

Itiye le-GABA kufanele ligcinwe endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama, esitsheni esivaleka ngokuphelele, kude namaphunga angaphandle. 11. Intengo nemikhiqizo yomgunyathi:

Itiye le-GABA, njengomthetho, libiza kakhulu kunamatiye avamile ohlobo olufanayo, ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuyinkimbinkimbi. Intengo incike kukhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza, ohlotsheni lwetiye oluyisisekelo, okuqukethwe i-GABA, isithunzi somkhiqizi nendawo okuthengwe kuyo. Uzivikela kanjani emikhiqizweni yomgunyathi:

Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile: Funana nezitolo zetiye ezikhethekile ezinethonya elihle.
Naka intengo: Intengo ephansi kakhulu kufanele ikuxwayise.
Hlolisisa imininingwane esemaphaketheni: Kufanele kubhalwe okuqukethwe i-GABA (okungenani i-150 mg/100 g).
Hlaziya iphunga: Ephunga lekhasi elomile kungase kube nomuncu oyisici.
Hlola okumunyiwe: Ukunambitheka nephunga kufanele kuhambisane nohlobo lwetiye oluyisisekelo olumenyezelwe.

12. Izinto ezithakazelisayo:

Ubuchwepheshe base-Japan: Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye le-GABA basungulwa e-Japan, izwe elinezinga eliphezulu lengcindezi.
Imibono emisha yase-Thailand: Abakhiqizi base-Thailand bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe, benza ngcono ubumnandi betiye le-GABA.
Hhayi itiye kuphela: Ubuchwepheshe bokuvutshelwa okungenawo umoya-mpilo busetshenziswa nakweminye imikhiqizo yokudla ukuze kwandiswe okuqukethwe i-GABA.

13. Izinhlobo ze-GABA itiye:

Ngokohlobo lwetiye oluyisisekelo:
- I-GABA Oolong: Uhlobo oludume kakhulu, lukhiqizwa e-Thailand.
- I-GABA itiye eliluhlaza: Litholakala kancane, likhiqizwa e-Japan.
- I-GABA itiye elibomvu: Nalo likhona, kodwa kancane.
- I-GABA itiye elimhlophe: Uhlobo oluyivelakancane kakhulu.
Ngokokuqukethwe i-GABA: Abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene bangakhiqiza itiye le-GABA elinokuqukethwe i-GABA okwehlukene, okuthinta intengo nomphumela wetiye.

14. Okungaba yingozi okungenzeka:

Ukungabekezelelani komzimba: Njenganoma yimuphi umkhiqizo, itiye le-GABA lingadala ukungezwani komzimba.
Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa: Kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuqapha, ngemuva kokubonisana nodokotela.
Umfutho ophansi wegazi: I-GABA ingehlisa umfutho, ngakho-ke abanomfutho ophansi kufanele balisebenzise ngokuqapha itiye.
Ukuphuza imithi: Uma uphuza imithi ethinta uhlelo lwezinzwa noma umfutho wegazi, bonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokuphuza itiye le-GABA.

Ekuphetheni:

Itiye le-GABA liwumkhiqizo oyingqayizivele, ohlanganisa amasiko okukhiqiza itiye nempumelelo yesayensi yesimanje. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obukhethekile bokucutshungulwa, leli tiye linothiswe nge-gamma-aminobutyric acid (i-GABA), enomphumela omuhle ohlelweni lwezinzwa, esiza ekubhekaneni nengcindezi, ekuthuthukiseni ubuthongo nasekwandiseni ukugxila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, itiye le-GABA ligcina bonke ubuhle bokunambitheka nephunga betiye elisezingeni. Lesi isiphuzo esithakazelisayo nesinenzuzo okufanele sizanywe yilabo abanakekela impilo yabo futhi abafuna okuhlangenwe nakho okusha kwetiye.