Fúyáo xiānzhī

Fúyáo xiānzhī yitiye eluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu elivela esifundeni sase-Fúliáng (浮梁县), esiyingxenye ye-“nhloko-dolobha yobumba” i-Jǐngdézhèn, esifundazweni sase-Jiāngxī. I-Fúliáng ingenye yezindawo okwasungulwa kuzo ukutshalwa kwetiye eShayina: ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Tang, yilapho kwakugxile khona imakethe yetiye enkulu kunazo zonke embusweni, enikela ngenkokhiso yetiye eyayiyingxenye yesithathu nesishiyagalombili yawo wonke umbuso. Imbongi emhlophe u-Bái Jūyì (白居易) wagcina i-Fúliáng enkumbulweni ngomculo wakhe othi “Iculo leLute” (《琵琶行》): “Umthengisi, owayegangilele inzuzo, waya e-Fúliáng eyothenga itiye” (商人重利轻别离，前月浮梁买茶去). Igama elithi “Xiānzhī” (仙芝, “ikhowe lokungafi”) lisuselwa enganekwaneni ka-Yáng Guìfēi, owafanisa ukunambitheka kwetiye lase-Fúliáng nephunga lekhowe lokungafi. Namuhla, i-Fúyáo xiānzhī ingelinye lamahhashi amakhulu omkhiqizo we-Fúliáng Chá (浮梁茶), ummeleli we-“zine eziluhlaza nokubomvu okukodwa” (四绿一红) — uphawu olusemqoka lokutshalwa kwetiye esifundazweni sase-Jiāngxī.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (akuvutshelwanga, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ngokobuchwepheshe, liphekwe ngomoya oshisayo (烘青) bese lome kahle emlilweni ophansi (文火轻烤).
• Isigaba: Itiye elidume ngokwesifunda (名茶, míngchá). Umkhiqizo we-Fúliáng Chá (浮梁茶) uthole isimo sesikhombi sendawo yezolimo (农产品地理标志) esivela eMnyangweni Wezolimo wase-People’s Republic of China ngo-2010. I-Fúyáo xiānzhī ingomunye wemikhiqizo ehamba phambili ngaphansi kwalesi sikhombi esibanzi; ngo-2003, yakhethwa nguMkhandlu Wombuso wase-PRC njenge-tiye eliyisipho elikhethekile (特选礼品茶).
• Imvelaphi: I-Shayina, isifundazwe sase-Jiāngxī (江西省, Jiāngxī Shěng), idolobha lesifunda i-Jǐngdézhèn (景德镇市, Jǐngdézhèn Shì), isifunda sase-Fúliáng (浮梁县, Fúliáng Xiàn). Izingadi zetiye zitholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyizintaba nezimagquma, ezenza ngaphezu kwama-70% wendawo yesifunda, futhi zisemaphandleni ase-Yáolǐ (瑶里镇), Xīhú (西湖) nasezindaweni eziyizintaba eziseduze.
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-29.35° N, 117.23° E (ngokwesifunda sase-Fúliáng).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye endaweni yase-Fúliáng kwaqala ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Hàn (汉代, ngekhulu lesi-2 BC – ikhulu lesi-3 AD), lapho izindela zamaBuddha zaqala ukutshala itiye emiqondweni yezintaba. Ngokwe-“Zhōngguó shāngyè jiǎnshǐ” (《中国商业简史》, “Umlando Omfishane Wezohwebo LwaseShayina”), ngesikhathi sezizukulwane zaseNingizimu neNyakatho (南北朝, ngekhulu lesi-5 – lesi-6) “itiye lase-Fúliáng lalilingcono” (浮梁茶最好). Ukuchuma kwalo kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Tang (唐代, ngekhulu lesi-7 – lesi-10): ngokwemininingwane evela e-“Yuánhé jùn xiàn zhì” (《元和郡县志》, “Incazelo Yezifunda Nezifunda Zesikhathi sase-Yuánhé”), inzuzo yonyaka yetiye lase-Fúliáng yayiyizigidi eziyisikhombisa zemithwalo (七百万驮), kanti intela yetiye yayingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amahlanu zamagwane, okwakulingana nengxenye yesithathu nesishiyagalombili yawo wonke umholo wentela yetiye yombuso. U-Wáng Fū (王敷) encwadini yakhe ethi “Chájiǔ lùn” (《茶酒论》, “Ingxoxo Ngetiye Nawayini”) wabhala: “E-Fúliáng nase-Shèzhōu — zonke izizwe zomhlaba ziyabalandela” (浮梁歙州，万国来求). U-Bái Jūyì (白居易, 772–846) ngo-816 wakhuluma nge-Fúliáng eculweni lakhe elidumile elithi “Iculo leLute” (《琵琶行》), ehlanganisa unomphela igama lesifunda nomfanekiso wokuhweba okuchumayo ngetiye. Ngokwenganekwane yasesigodlweni, uMbusi u-Táng Xuánzōng (唐玄宗), esenambithe itiye lase-Fúliáng, wahlatshwa umxhwele kangangokuthi u-Yáng Guìfēi (杨贵妃) wathi: “Iphunga nokunambitheka kwalo kufana ne-lingzhī — kufanele kuphela abangafi” (有灵芝的香和味，只配神仙所用也), okwathi emva kwalokho umbuso wanika itiye igama elithi “Xiānzhī” (仙芝, “ikhowe lokungafi”). Phakathi kwetiye lase-Fúliáng langesikhathi sakwa-Tang, kuphawulwa ne-“Nènruǐ” (嫩蕊, “imithombo emincane”), “Fúhé” (福合) ne-“Lùhé” (禄合). Umbhali wemidlalo u-Tāng Xiǎnzǔ (汤显祖, 1550–1616), umbhali we-“Pavilion Yamapeni”, waphawula: “Itiye lase-Fúliáng lingelokuqala ngaphansi kweZulu” (浮梁之茗，冠于天下). Ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Qīng (清代), ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu bangena e-Fúliáng, futhi lesi sifunda saba yindawo yokuzalwa ye-Fúliáng Hóngchá (浮梁红茶) edumile. Ngo-1915, inkampani yetiye i-“Tiān Xiāng” (天祥) yase-Yántái cūn (严台村) yathola indondo yegolide embukisweni wamazwe ngamazwe wasePanama–Pacific eSan Francisco — “utshwala base-Máotái, itiye lase-Yántái” (茅台镇的酒，严台村的茶) kwaba yisisho esidume kakhulu. Esikhathini samanje, kusukela ngo-1991, kwadalwa umkhiqizo i-Fúyáo xiānzhī (浮瑶仙芝, igama elakhiwe ngokuhlanganisa “Fúliáng” + “Yáolǐ” + “Xiānzhī”), owawina ngo-1992 umklomelo wokuba “ngumkhiqizo ongcono kakhulu” embukisweni woMnyango Wezolimo. Ngo-1997, isifunda sase-Fúliáng saklonyeliswa ngesiqu esithi “Izwe Letiye Elibomvu LaseShayina” (中国红茶之乡). Ngo-2003, i-Fúyáo xiānzhī yakhethwa nguMkhandlu Wombuso njenge-tiye lesipho. Ngawo lowo nyaka, emcimbini wamazwe ngamazwe wamasiko etiye waseShanghai, yawina indondo yegolide. Ngo-2005, isifunda saba “yisizinda sikazwelonke sokukhiqiza itiye elingenawo umuthi” (全国无公害茶生产示范基地县); enye itiye eliluhlaza lase-Fúliáng — i-“Yělán Zhī” (野兰芝) — neyawina umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni wesihlanu we-“Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯). Ngo-2010, umkhiqizo we-Fúliáng Chá wathola isikhombi sendawo; ngo-2014 inani lawo lemakethe lalilinganiswa ngama-yuan ayizigidi ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye namashumi amabili nesishiyagalombili. Ngo-2019, i-Fúliáng Chá yafakwa ku-“Hlu Lwemikhiqizo Yezolimo YaseShayina”.

• Igama: I-Fúyáo (浮瑶) yigama elakhiwe lisuselwa ku-“Fúliáng” (浮梁) naku-“Yáolǐ” (瑶里), umphakathi okhiqiza itiye lezinga eliphezulu. I-Xiānzhī (仙芝) — “ikhowe lokungafi”: 仙 (xiān) — “ongafi, owaphezulu”; 芝 (zhī) — “ikhowe le-lingzhī, ikhowe lokungafi” (Ganoderma lucidum). Igama libhekisa enganekwaneni yoMbusi u-Táng Xuánzōng futhi lidlulisela umqondo wokunambitheka “okungokwasezulwini”, okuphakeme. Qaphela: kwezinye izindlela kubhalwa 仙枝 (xiānzhī, “igatsha elingafi”) — lokhu kuyiphutha lokubhala; izinhlaka ezigunyazisiwe zisebenzisa ngazwi linye u-仙芝.

• Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Fúliáng ihlobene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa nezimpawu ezimbili ezinkulu zesiko laseShayina — itiye nobumba. I-Jǐngdézhèn (景德镇) yomlando, “inhloko-dolobha yobumba yomhlaba”, ekuqaleni yayiyingxenye ye-Fúliáng; lesi sifunda sinegama elifanele elithi “umthombo wenhloko-dolobha yobumba, izwe lezwe letiye” (瓷都之源，茶国之地). Lobu bunye “bobumba netiye” (瓷茶一体) baqala ngesikhathi sakwa-Hàn. Ifakwe eqenjini lama-“zine eziluhlaza” (四绿) — kanye ne-Lúshān Yúnwù (庐山云雾), Wùyuán Lǜchá (婺源绿茶) ne-Gǒugǔnǎo Chá (狗牯脑茶) — okuwuphawu olusemqoka lokutshalwa kwetiye e-Jiāngxī.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

• Uhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Izinhlobo / Imbewu: Izinhlobo zangakithi zomphakathi (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng), ezijwayelane nezimo zamagquma naseziphelweni zezintaba ezisendaweni eshisayo yesifunda sase-Fúliáng. Kuyasetshenziswa nezinye izinhlobo zembewu ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kukhiqizwe ngobuningi.
• Ukuvuna: Isikhathi esiyinhloko — ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Amaqoqo abaluleke kakhulu — “Gǔyǔ Jiān” (谷雨尖, “isihloko sika-Gǔyǔ”): ukuvuna kwenziwa ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwe-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, ~20 April), lapho imithombo yokuqala emincane isanda kuvela. Ukuvuna okulandelayo kuveza “xìchá” (细茶, “itiye elicolekile”) kanye ne-“cūchá” (粗茶, “itiye elimahhadla”).
• Izinga lokuvuna: Umthombo owodwa onamaqabunga amancane amahlumayo awodwa noma amabili. Okwezinga eliphezulu le-Fúyáo xiānzhī — imithombo ecokeme kuphela neqabunga lokuqala, ngaphandle kwezinduku; etiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile, kuyavunyelwa impahla eluhlaza esikhulile.
• Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Impahla ephelele, esanda kuvunwa, engenamonakalo wemishini. Emva kokuvunwa, izinduku ziyasuswa (去掉叶梗); amaqabunga ahanjiswa ngokushesha ukuze acutshungulwe.

4. Indawo Nezici Zokutshala:

• Ukuphakama: 100–800 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; izindawo eziyizintaba (ngaphezu kuka-500 m) zenza u-41.7% wendawo yesifunda, iziphelo zezintaba (100–500 m) — enye i-30.6%. Izingadi zetiye ezingcono kakhulu zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ezungeze umphakathi wase-Yáolǐ (瑶里镇) — emngceleni wezifunda zase-Fúliáng (Jiāngxī), Wùyuán (Jiāngxī), Qímén (Ānhuī) ne-Xiūníng (Ānhuī), ekuphakameni okungu-600–800 m.
• Isimo sendawo: Isimo sezintaba nezimagquma: izintaba zixubene nezigodi zemifula i-Chāngjiāng (昌江), Dōnghé (东河) kanye ne-Xīhé (西河), ezihamba eningizimu ziya enyakatho kulesi sifunda. Amahlathi amboze u-79.4%.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomoya omkhulu, esisezingeni eliphakathi. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile — 14–17°C. Isamba samazinga okushisa asebenzayo — 5000–6000°C. Imvula yonyaka ejwayelekile — 1700–1900 mm — okungenye yezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni zetiye zaseShayina, okuhlinzeka ngomswakama ogcwele. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — ~247 izinsuku. Isilinganiso samahora elanga — ~45%. Umswakama ohlobene — ~79%.
• Isimo sezulu sendawo encane: Inkungu evamile namafu — kuyizimpawu eziyisici sezingadi zetiye eziyizintaba zase-Fúliáng. Isisho sakhona sithi: “Ngezinsuku ezipholile, ekuseni nakusihlwa kukhona inkungu kuyo yonke indawo, ngezinsuku ezinemvula, amafu agcwele izintaba usuku lonke” (晴天早晚遍地雾，阴雨之时满山云).
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yezintaba ebomvu (红壤) nokuphuzi (黄壤), ene-asidi (pH 4.3–5.5), enamazinga aphezulu kakhulu ezinto eziphilayo — kuze kufike ku-14.5%. Lesi ngesinye sezilinganiso eziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni zetiye zaseShayina, okuhlinzeka ngokugcwala kwephrofayili yamaminerali kanye nobukhulu bokunambitheka.
• Imvelo: Isifunda sase-Fúliáng sinezinga eliphansi lokungcola kwezimboni: umnotho ngokomlando wawugxile kubumba, itiye namahlathi, hhayi ezimbonini ezinzima. Ngo-2005, isifunda sathola isimo “sesizinda sikazwelonke sokukhiqiza itiye elingenawo umuthi” (全国无公害茶生产示范基地县), kanti ngo-2007 — “sesifunda setiye esiyisilinganiso sikazwelonke” (国家级茶叶标准化示范县). Imithombo yamanzi igcwele: imifula emithathu emikhulu — i-Chāngjiāng, Dōnghé ne-Xīhé — iqinisekisa ukulingana kwamanzi okuzinzile ezingadini zetiye.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Fúyáo xiānzhī itiye eliluhlaza eliphekwe ngomoya oshisayo (烘青绿茶) elinezici zokucutshungulwa ngesandla kanye nokomiswa okukhethekile okuthambile. Ubuchwepheshe buqondiswe ekugcineni uhlaza oluthambile, iphunga elihlanzekile kanye nobumnandi obukhulu.

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ukukhetha ngesandla amahlumela amancane ngezikhathi zasekuseni. Impahla eluhlaza ihanjiswa ngokushesha endaweni yokusebenzela.

• Ukwendlala (摊放 — tānfàng): Amaqabunga asanda kuvunwa andlalwa ngendwenga encane ukuze kulinganiswe umswakama futhi kuqale ukusabela kwama-enzyme kokuqala, okunothisa iphunga lesikhathi esizayo.

• Ukuqinisekisa — “ukubulala uhlaza” (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazinga epanini lokupheka ngokushisa okuphezulu ukuze kungasebenzi ama-enzyme okufaka umoya-mpilo. Ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo sephunga — elihlanzekile, elisha, elinokunambitheka okuncane okuyizimbali.

• Ukupholisa (摊凉 — tānliáng): Ukungenisa umoya isikhashana ukuvimbela “ukubila okungaphekiwe”.

• Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ukusonteka okuthambile kuvula amajusi amangqamuzana, kwakha ukuminyana, isimo esincanyana seqabunga futhi kuqinisekisa ukugcwala kokukhishwa lapho kuphekwa itiye.

• Ukomisa okokuqala ngomoya oshisayo (初烘 — chūhōng): Ukubhakwa ngokushisa okulingene, kunciphisa umswakama weqabunga.

• Ukupholisa nokusonteka okwengeziwe (摊凉 — 复揉 — fùróu): Uma kunesidingo — ukusonteka okwengeziwe ukuze kube nokwakheka okuqinile kakhulu (okwamazinga avamile).

• Ukomisa kokugcina ngomlilo ophansi (文火轻烤 — wénhuǒ qīngkǎo): Ukufudumeza okuthambile kokugcina, okwehlisa umswakama ufike ezingeni elizinzile (≤6.5%), kuqinise iphunga futhi kunikeze uketshezi ukuhlanzeka. Lesi sigaba siwuphawu olusemqoka lwe-Fúyáo xiānzhī: umlilo othambile wembula amaphunga amancane ayizimbali nobumnandi ngaphandle “kokusha”.

• Ukukhetha nokuhlukanisa (拣剔 / 分级 — jiǎntī / fēnjí): Ukususwa kwamaqabunga anephutha; ukuhlukaniswa ngamazinga.

6. Izimpawu Zomzwelo:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Imichilo emincane, esontwe ngokuqinile (条索紧细); umbala — uluhlaza ngobumnene oneenwele ezimhlophe eziningi ezigqamile (白毫显露). Iqabunga lilindene, lilingana ngobukhulu, linebenyezo lamafutha.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Elihlanzekile, eliqhubekayo, elinokunambitheka okuncane okuyizimbali, okukhumbuza i-orchid yasendle (兰花香, lánhuā xiāng). Ngemuva — kunokunambitheka okumnandi okulula.
• Iphunga loketshezi: Okuphakeme, okuqhubekayo; kunamandla amakhulu iphunga lezimbali le-orchid elinomsindo omncane wokuhlaza okusha kanye nokunambitheka okuncane kwezinyosi. Iphunga lichazwa ngokuthi “elihlanzekile, elinokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside” (清香持久).
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okuthambile, okunokugcwala (鲜爽醇正). Umzimba — uphakathi nendawo, unokunambitheka okusobala nobuthakathaka. Ukubaba nokunamathela kuncane kakhulu. Ukunambitheka ngemva — okuhlanzekile, nokubuyela okumnandi okuhlala isikhathi eside (回甘) kanye nomuzwa “wokuthambisa emlonyeni” (甘滑).
• Umbala woketshezi: Ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, osobala, ogqamile (嫩绿 / 嫩黄, ohlanzekile, ongenakunukubezeka).
• Ingaphansi letiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amaqabunga nemithombo ethambile, ephelele; umbala — ophuzi ngokukhanya nokunombala oluhlaza (嫩黄明亮显毫). Izinwele ezimhlophe zibonakala kahle.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Ngokujwayelekile u-22–30% wamatiye aluhlaza akulesi sifunda. Izingxenye eziyinhloko — ama-catechin (EGCG, ECG), anquma ukusebenza kwe-antioxidant nokunamathela okulula.
• Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸): Amazinga aphezulu — okuyisici samatiye ase-Fúliáng ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu nemvula eningi, okukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwe-L-theanine. Imininingwane eqondile iyahlukahluka ngamazinga, kodwa ngokuvamile ingaphezu kwesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza ase-Jiāngxī.
• Izinto Ezikhishwa Ngamanzi (水浸出物): Inkomba ephezulu (ngokuvamile >40%), ebangelwa ukunotha kwenhlabathi ngezinto eziphilayo (kuze kufike ku-14.5%) nemvula eningi (1700–1900 mm/ngonyaka), okuqinisekisa ukugcwala kwemetabolism yesihlahla setiye nokunqwabelana kwezinhlanganisela ezikhishwayo eqabungeni.
• Ama-Alkaloid (生物碱): I-Caffeine — ngokujwayelekile u-2.5–4% wamatiye aluhlaza akulesi sifunda. I-Theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane kakhulu.
• Amavithamini: Ivithamini C (i-ascorbic acid), amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), ama-carotenoid.
• Amaminerali: I-Selenium — ukunothisa okwemvelo kwenhlabathi yaseningizimu ye-Jiāngxī (okukhulunywa ngakho emthonjeni). Kanti ne-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride.
• Amafutha Abalulekile Nezinhlanganisela Ezinuka Kamnandi: Iphrofayili ye-orchid yakhiwa yi-linalool, i-geraniol ne-neryl acetate; amanothi athambile “ezinyosi” — yi-octanal ne-benzaldehyde.

8. Izakhiwo Ezinempilo:

• Ukuvikelwa kwe-Antioxidant: Ama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-EGCG, aqeda ama-radical akhululekile futhi abambezele izinqubo zokufaka umoya-mpilo emangqamuzaneni.
• Ukusekelwa Kwengqondo: Inhlanganisela ye-L-theanine ne-caffeine inikeza ukukhuthala okuthambile, okulinganayo — ukugxila ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
• Ukusekelwa Kwesistimu Yomzimba Yenhliziyo: Ama-polyphenol asiza ukulinganisa izinga le-cholesterol nomfutho wegazi.
• Ukusiza Ukugaya Ukudla: Kuthinta kancane ukuhamba kwamathumbu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme; kuhambisana kahle nokudla okulula.
• Ukusekelwa Kwesistimu Yomzimba Yokuzivikela: I-Selenium ne-vithamini C kuqinisa ukuvikela komzimba nge-antioxidant.
• Impilo Yomlomo: I-Fluoride nama-catechin acindezela ukukhula kwamagciwane abanga ukubola kwamazinyo.
• Ukugcina Impilo Yesikhumba: Ama-antioxidant ne-vithamini C asiza ekuvikeleni ukuguga ngelanga kanye nokwakheka kwe-collagen.
• Ukusekelwa Kwegazi: Ama-polyphenol ne-caffeine anomthelela ekwandiseni izinqubo zokugaya umzimba nokushisa amafutha, okungasiza ekulawuleni isisindo somzimba uma kuhambisana nokudla okunomsoco.
• Kubalulekile: Uma uzwelana kakhulu ne-caffeine, kufanele unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwakho emva kwemini. Akunconywa ukuphuza ngesisu esingenalutho.

9. Ukupheka Itiye:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–85°C. Okwezinga eliphezulu le-Fúyáo xiānzhī — 75–80°C; etiyeni eliluhlaza elivamile — 80–85°C.
• Inani letiye: 3–4 g nge-150–200 ml (ingilazi) noma 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml (i-gaiwan).
• Isitsha: Ingilazi ecwebezelayo (玻璃杯) — ukubuka “umdanso” wemithombo enezinwele; i-gaiwan yobumba (盖碗) — ukuvula ngokugcwele iphunga le-orchid. Umlingo okhethekile — ukupheka ngesitsha sobumba sase-Jǐngdézhèn: ubunye “bobumba netiye” (瓷茶一体) enkomishini eyodwa.
• Inqubo:
  1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese uwalahla.
  2. Faka itiye. Empahleni eluhlaza ethambile — indlela “yokuthululela phezulu” (上投法): qala ngokugcwalisa ingilazi ngamanzi ku-70%, bese ungeza itiye ngokucophelela.
  3. Ukuhlambulula akudingeki.
  4. Ukudonsa kokuqala — kuphumule imizuzu eyi-1.5–2 (ingilazi) noma imizuzwana engama-20–30 (i-gaiwan).
  5. Thela; engilazini — qhubeka ungeza amanzi lapho sekusuphuzwe ingxenye yesithathu.
  6. Ukuphekwa okuphindaphindiwe: iziphuzo ezi-3–4 engilazini, iziphuzo ezi-5–6 ku-gaiwan (ngokwengeza ukuvezwa ngemizuzwana engu-5–10).

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Gcina ezitsheni ezivalekile, ezingenakukhanya (izikhwama ezikhipha umoya, amakani kathayela), uvikela ekukhanyeni, emswakameni, ekushiseni nasemaphungeni angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele — 0–5°C esiqandisini esinokuvalwa okuphindwe kabili.
• Uma ugcina endaweni evamile — endaweni epholile, eyomile, emnyama; sebenzisa kungakapheli izinyanga ezi-2–3 uvule.
• Ukuze uthole ikhwalithi ephezulu — phuza kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-6–12 emva kokukhiqizwa. I-Fúyáo xiānzhī itiye elisha; ukuvuthwa akulilungele.

11. Intengo Nokukopela:

• Isigaba sentengo: I-Fúyáo xiānzhī esezingeni eliphezulu yokuvuna kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — 800–3 000 yuan/kg. Amatiye ajwayelekile aluhlaza ase-Fúliáng — 200–600 yuan/kg. Izinto eziyinhloko ezibeka intengo: isikhathi sokuvuna (谷雨尖 iyona ebiza kakhulu), ukuphakama kwensimu (itiye lasentabeni lase-Yáolǐ libiza kakhulu), izinga (amaqoqo emithombo abiza kakhulu kunamaqabunga), kanye nomkhiqizo othile ongaphansi.
• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukokhela:
  • Thenga itiye ezinkampanini ezigunyazisiwe, ezinelungelo lokusebenzisa umkhiqizo we-Fúliáng Chá (浮梁茶) onesikhombi sendawo.
  • Hlola iphunga: i-Fúyáo xiānzhī eyiqiniso inephunga le-orchid lemvelo ngaphandle kokunukiswa okungekona okwemvelo.
  • Hlola ukubukeka: ukusonteka okuncane, okuqinile okunezinwele ezimhlophe eziningi; iqabunga elingalingani, elifiphele kuwuphawu lokuthi kufakwe enye into.
  • Hlola uketshezi: olusobala, ophuzi ngokuluhlaza, ongenakunukubezeka.
  • Intengo ephansi ngendlela esolisayo iyisizathu sokukungabaza, ikakhulukazi uma kuthiwa iw“izinga lesipho”.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• I-Fúliáng iyizwe lokuzalwa kwamagugu amabili omhlaba: ubumba netiye. Ubunye bomlando “瓷茶一体” (ubumba netiye ndawonye) baqala lapha ngesikhathi sakwa-Hàn: izindela zazishisa ubumba futhi zitshala nezihlahla zetiye ngasikhathi sinye.

• Umugqa ovela ku-“Culo lweLute” luka-Bái Jūyì — “umthengisi owayohweba ngetiye e-Fúliáng” — ungenile engqungqulini yegolide yezincwadi zaseShayina futhi waba “yisiqubulo” esingekho emthethweni sokutshalwa kwetiye lase-Fúliáng, kanti umkhosi wesimanje i-“Fúliáng Mǎi Chá Jié” (浮梁买茶节, “Umkhosi Wokuthenga Itiye e-Fúliáng”) ubhekisa ngqo kule nkondlo.

• Ngesikhathi sakwa-Tang, intela yetiye yase-Fúliáng yayiyinye yesithathu nesishiyagalombili yentela kazwelonke — isilinganiso esingakaze sifinyelelwe yisinye isifunda sombuso, okwenza i-Fúliáng ibe yimakethe yetiye enkulu kunawo wonke e-Shayina yasendulo.

• I-Fúliáng “ingumama” wezifunda ezimbili zetiye ezinkulu: ngo-740, i-Wùyuán (婺源) yahlukaniswa ne-Fúliáng (ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyi-Xīnchāng), kwathi ngo-766 — i-Qímén (祁门). I-Wùyuán idume ngetiye eliluhlaza elingcono kakhulu lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe laseShayina, i-Qímén iyizwe lokuzalwa le-Qímén Hóngchá (祁门红茶), elinye “lamatiye ayishumi adumile”. Ngakho-ke, i-Fúliáng iyimpande yomlando evamile yezinganekwane ezimbili zetiye.

• Embukisweni we-Panama–Pacific wango-1915, itiye elibomvu lase-Fúliáng elivela e-Yántái cūn (严台村) lawina indondo yegolide ngokulinganayo nentambo yotshwala yase-Máotái — yingakho kunesisho esithi “utshwala base-Máotái, itiye lase-Yántái”. Izindlu zetiye zasendulo kanye namahhovisi ezohwebo (茶号) e-Yántái nase-Cāngxīxī (沧溪村) asekhona nanamuhla futhi ayizikhumbuzo zokuhweba ngetiye.

• Umphakathi wase-Yáolǐ (瑶里镇), lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-Fúyáo xiānzhī, ngasikhathi sinye uwumthombo wobumba lwase-Jǐngdézhèn: yilapho kwakumbiwa khona i-kaolin, eyanikeza umhlaba igama elithi “china”. Namuhla, i-Yáolǐ ingumzila wokuvakasha odumile, ohlanganisa amagugu obumba netiye.

• U-Tāng Xiǎnzǔ (汤显祖, 1550–1616) — umbhali wemidlalo omkhulu kunabo bonke eShayina, “uShakespeare waseShayina,” — encwadini yakhe emfushane ngeSikole Sase-Fúliáng wabhala: “Itiye lase-Fúliáng lingelokuqala ngaphansi kweZulu: lihlanzekile futhi linephunga elimnandi” (浮梁之茗，冠于天下，帷清帷馨), eqinisekisa isithunzi salesi sifunda ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-16 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-17.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Yáolǐ Yáyù (瑶里崖玉, Yáolǐ Yáyù): Elinye itiye eliluhlaza lase-Fúliáng elisezingeni eliphezulu, elikhiqizwa ezingadini zezintaba zase-Yáolǐ ekuphakameni okungu-600–1 000 m. I-Yáyù — ithambile kakhulu, inezinwele ezisiliva futhi inephunga elimnandi; i-Fúyáo xiānzhī — iminyene kancane futhi “iyindilinga” ngokunambitheka.
• Lúshān Yúnwù (庐山云雾, Lúshān Yúnwù): Elinye “lamatiye ayishumi adumile aseShayina” kanye nomakhelwane we-Fúyáo esifundazweni sase-Jiāngxī. I-Yúnwù — isonteke, inamaqabunga aminyene anezinwele futhi inephunga elinamandla “lezintaba”; i-Xiānzhī — ithambile kakhulu, inephunga le-orchid eligqamile nomzimba othambile.
• Wùyuán Lǜchá (婺源绿茶, Wùyuán Lǜchá): “Umfowabo” womlando wamatiye ase-Fúliáng (i-Wùyuán yayiyingxenye ye-Fúliáng kuze kube ngu-740). I-Wùyuán Lǜchá ineziwombe eziphakeme kakhulu ze-catechin ekhishwa ngamanzi nokukhishwa okuminyene; i-Fúyáo xiānzhī — ithambile futhi inezimbali kakhulu.
• Huángshān Máo Fēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máo Fēng): Itiye eliluhlaza elivela endaweni engumakhelwane i-Ānhuī, elinendawo efanayo (izintaba emngceleni we-Jiāngxī ne-Ānhuī). I-Máo Fēng — inezinwele eziningi, inephunga elithambile “le-lily of the valley”; i-Xiānzhī — iminyene kancane futhi “iyindilinga”, enephrofayili ye-orchid.
• Jìng’ān Báichá (靖安白茶, Jìng’ān Báichá): Itiye eliluhlaza “elineqabunga elimhlophe” eliyingqayizivele elivela esifundeni esingumakhelwane i-Jìng’ān (Jiāngxī), elikhiqizwa ngembewu ekhiqiza izilwane ezingenambala. I-Báichá — ilula kakhulu futhi “ipholile” ngokunambitheka, inokunambitheka okuqhamile; i-Fúyáo xiānzhī — igcwele kakhulu, inephunga lezimbali elithuthukile nobumnandi “obufudumele”.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Fúyáo xiānzhī — itiye elinekhaya lomlando elidabuka ekujuleni komlando waseShayina: yilapha, e-Fúliáng, lapho abathengi babeya “etiyeni” ngesikhathi sakwa-Tang, futhi okuyilapho ikharavani ezazihamba zondla umbuso ngentela. Leli tiye eliluhlaza limunce umswakama wemvula eyizinkulungwane yase-Jiāngxī, i-asidi yenhlabathi ebomvu yasezintabeni, nomoya ohlanzekile wemigodi enenkungu. Namuhla, i-Fúyáo xiānzhī ayijahi amarekhodi anomsindo — ithatha enye into: iphunga le-orchid, ubumnandi obumsulwa, umzimba othambile, kanye nalowo muzwa ongaqondakali “we-lingzhī”, owabonwa u-Yáng Guìfēi eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule. Lesi isiphuzo sasekuseni esingasheshisi nesakusihlwa esicabangisiswayo, salabo abazisa ukuthamba nokujula. Yipheke ngobumba lwase-Jǐngdézhèn — bese izipho ezimbili ezinkulu zase-Fúliáng zihlangana enkomishini yakho.