UFengkai Hongcha · new.thetea.app

UFengkai Hongcha (封開紅茶, Fēngkāi Hóngchá) yitiye elibomvu elivela esifundeni saseFengkai (封開縣), esifundazweni saseZhaoqing (肇慶市), esifundazweni saseGuangdong (廣東省). Isisekelo somugqa wayo oyinhloko yitiye elidumile i “Xinghua Baima cha” (杏花白馬茶, “Itiye Lebhizinisi Elimhlophe laseXinghua”) — itiye lomlando elikhiqizwa emithambekeni yentaba iBaima (白馬山, 944 m) edolobhaneni laseXinghua (杏花鎮). Ngokombhalo we “Fengchuan County Chronicle” (《封川縣志》), itiye elivela eNtabeni iBaima lalithunyelwa enkantolo ngezikhathi zobukhosi bakwaQing, kwathi ngo-1908 (光緒三十四年, unyaka wama-34 kaGuangxu) lathunyelwa embukisweni wasePanama, lapho lathola khona isiqu “somkhiqizo wesigaba sesibili” (二等名產). UFengkai Hongcha wanamuhla ungumkhiqizo wokuvuselela lesi siko: kusukela ngo-2015, usomabhizinisi uXie Hanzhao (謝漢釗) uthuthukisa uphawu lwe “Xinghua Baima” (杏花白馬®), edala ulayini wokuqala wokukhiqiza ophilayo wesifunda wokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu, eliluhlaza nelimhlophe kusetshenziswa izinsiza zeBaima.

1. Ikilasi Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (紅茶, hóngchá), eligcwele ukufakwa umoya. Ngokobuchwepheshe — i-gongfu hongcha enezinto eziyingqayizivele zokucutshungulwa kwendawo (ulayini okhethekile ophilayo ohlanganisa amasu endabuko okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokwenziwa ngomshini).
Isigaba: Itiye elibomvu lesifunda saseGuangdong. Liyingxenye yomndeni wamatiye asentshonalanga yeGuangdong asesigodini somfula iXijiang (西江).
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (廣東省), isifunda saseZhaoqing (肇慶市), isifunda saseFengkai (封開縣). Inhliziyo yokukhiqiza — idolobhana laseXinghua (杏花鎮): intaba iBaima (白馬山, indawo ephakeme kakhulu engu-944 m), izigodi zaseYonghe (永和村) naseFenglou (鳳樓村). Kanti futhi — iHe’erkou (河兒口鎮), iBaigou (白垢鎮), iDazhou (大洲鎮), iDuping (都平鎮), neChang’an (長安鎮).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe 23°26′ N, 111°31′ E.
Amagama ahlukile: Xinghua Baima hongcha (杏花白馬紅茶); Fengkai Baima cha (封開白馬茶 — igama elijwayelekile elihlanganisa itiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu nelimhlophe elivela eNtabeni iBaima).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando wetiye laseNtabeni iBaima uhlehlela emuva emakhulwini eminyaka. Umbhalo wesifunda we “Fengchuan xian zhi” (《封川縣志》) wenkathi yeQing (isikhathi sikaDaoguang, 道光, 1821–1850) ubhala: “INtaba iBaima ikhiqiza itiye; umbala ubomvu, ukunambitheka kunephunga elimnandi” (白馬山產茶，色紅味香). Kuyabuye kukhulunywe nge “wencha” (文茶)— itiye elivela edolobhaneni laseWende (文德) emfuleni iXiaojiang (小江), okufakazela ukwehlukahluka kwamatiye asendaweni kakade engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Ngokwesiko, ngenkathi yeQing itiye leBaima lalithunyelwa enkantolo yombuso njenge-gongcha (貢品).

Usuku olubalulekile emlandweni — unyaka we-1908 (unyaka wama-34 wokubusa kukaGuangxu): inqwaba yetiye elivela edolobhaneni laseXinghua, iNtaba iBaima, ngokwesinqumo senkantolo yeQing yathunyelwa embukisweni wamazwe omhlaba (ovame ukukhonjwa njengowasePanama), lapho yathola khona isiqu “somkhiqizo wesigaba sesibili” (二等名產之稱).

Ngo-1968–1969 eNtabeni iBaima (ukuphakama ~900 m) kwasungulwa iplanishi yetiye kahulumeni iZhaoqing Fengkai Baima chachang (肇慶封開白馬茶場). Izihlahla ezatshalwa ngaleso sikhathi manje zineminyaka engaphezu kuka-50 ubudala, okunikeza izinsiza ukujula nokubaluleka okwengeziwe. Lezi zihlahla “ezingamakhehla” — zingenye yezitshalo zetiye ezindala kakhulu ezitshaliwe entshonalanga yeGuangdong; uhlelo lwazo lwezimpande lungena ngokujulile emadwaleni egwadle, lukhiphe izakhi ezincane ezingatholakali emasimini amasha. Izinsiza ezivela kulezi zihlahla zehluke ngokubonakalayo kulezo ezivela emasimini amasha: ukumnika kuminyene, “kunamaminerali” ngokwengeziwe, kanti ukunambitheka kwangemuva kuhlala isikhathi eside futhi kujulile.

Emashumini eminyaka alandela ukusungulwa kwepulazi likahulumeni, itiye leBaima lalikhiqizwa ikakhulukazi njenge-e-iluhlaza futhi lithengiswa emakethe yasendaweni ngaphandle kokupakishwa nophawu. Ngokwamazwi omsunguli we “Xinghua Baima” uXie Hanzhao: “Itiye lalinegama, kodwa lalingenabo ubuso” (有品名而無品牌). Isimo saqala ukushintsha kuphela ngeminyaka yawo-2010.

Isigaba sanamuhla saqala ngo-2014–2016, lapho uXie Hanzhao (謝漢釗) — ongowokuzalwa eFengkai futhi othanda kakhulu itiye — etshala imali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyisi-7 zama-yuan ekwakheni iplanishi eyisibonelo engama-350 mu (~23 ha) edolobhaneni laseYonghe (永和村) kanye nenkulisa engu-10 mu yokutshala izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Ngo-2016 wabhalisa uphawu lwe “Xinghua Baima” (杏花白馬®), wakha indinganiso yakhe yebhizinisi futhi wa-oda ulayini okhethekile ophilayo, okwazi ukucubungula amakhilogremu angu-300 eqabunga elisha ngosuku — e-etiyeni elibomvu, eliluhlaza nelimhlophe. Lo layini uhlanganisa amasu endabuko okwenziwa ngesandla etiye leBaima nokufakwa ngomshini, okwaba inguquko enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe esifundeni.

Ngo-2020 isamba sendawo engadini yetiye yesifunda sifinyelele ku-~4 100 mu, kuyo i-~1 950 mu — isedolobhaneni laseXinghua (48% ayo yonke indawo). Umthamo wonyaka we-maocha — ~225 amathani, inani lomkhiqizo — ~67.5 wezigidi zama-yuan. Uphawu lwaheha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezinye izinkampani ezimbili: i “Senchong chaye” (森沖茶業) yatshala izigidi eziyisi-6 zama-yuan emasimini angu-350 mu edolobhaneni laseFenglou (鳳樓村); i “Chunyu chaye” (春葉茶業) ne “Xiongfeng chaye” (雄豐茶業) ngokuhlanganyela batshala izigidi eziyi-18 zama-yuan emasimini angu-900 mu eShuanglian (雙聯村) naseFuliu (扶六村, edolobhaneni laseBaigou). Imodeli “yenkampani + isizinda + umlimi” (公司+基地+農戶) iqinisekisa ukuthengwa kwamaqabunga amasha emakhaya amancane, ibasusele engcupheni yokungathengisi.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Itiye leBaima — “ikhadi lokuvakasha eliluhlaza” laseFengkai, kanye nenkukhu edumile yaseXinghua (杏花雞, umkhiqizo kazwelonke onophawu lwendawo) kanye Netshe Elikhulu Elinamachashaza (大斑石, idwala elikhulu kunazo zonke legwadle e-China). Ukuvuselelwa kwesiko letiye kubhekwa njengemodeli “yefa elingaphatheki + ukuvuselelwa kwemiphakathi yasemakhaya” (非遺 + 鄉村振興). IFengkai futhi iyindawo yokuzalwa “kweGuangxin” (廣信), idolobha lasendulo, ngokomunye umbono elanikeza isifundazwe sonke saseGuangdong igama laso (廣東 — “empumalanga yeGuangxin”). Lo mlando wokuphatha wezinkulungwane ezimbili zeminyaka unikeza itiye lendawo isisindo esengeziwe samasiko. IZhaoqing, okuyingxenye yayo iFengkai, ibambe indawo yokuqala eGuangdong ngenani lemikhiqizo enophawu lwendawo (ama-49 GI ngo-2025).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinsiza:

Izilimo eziyinhloko: Imiphakathi yendawo yohlobo olunamaqabunga amancane napholisho (medium-leaf type) (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), okwakutshalwa ngokomlando eNtabeni iBaima. Emasimini amasha kusetshenziswa izithombo ezikhethiwe ezivela enkuliseni yazo, eziphumelele ukukhethwa kokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Amanye amapulazi asebenzisa nezilimo ezinkulu zamacembe zaseYunnan nezinye ezifakwayo.
Ubudala bezitshalo: Izihlahla ezivela epulazini likahulumeni lika-1968–69 — 55+ eminyakeni; izitshalo ezintsha zika-2014–2020 — 5–12 eminyakeni.
Ukuvuna: Intwasahlobo (Mashi–Apreli) — izinga eliphakeme kakhulu. Ihlobo nekwindla — amazinga ajwayelekile.
Indinganiso yokuvuna: Ibhutha elilodwa elinamacembe amabili noma amathathu emaqoqo asezingeni eliphakeme; ibhutha elilodwa elinamacembe amabili noma amathathu — kumajwayelekile.

4. I-Terroir Nezimpawu Zokutshala:

Isimo sendawo: Idolobhana laseXinghua liseningizimu-maphakathi yeFengkai, esigodini somfula iGuangxin (廣信河, umngenela weXijiang), sizungezwe izintaba. Isimo sendawo — sisegodini, “izinhlangothi ezine ziphakeme, umaphakathi uphansi”. INtaba iBaima — iseningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobhana, indawo ephakeme kakhulu ingu-944 m.
Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: 700–944 m (umnyombo); amasimu amasha — kusukela ku-300 m.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon enomswakama. Izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi lonyaka ~20°C (esigodini ~21.5°C). Imvula — 1 400–1 800 mm/ngonyaka. Ubukhulu obudlulele — 39°C, ubuncane — 2°C. ENtabeni iBaima ekuphakameni kwama-700–900 m — kuvama ukuba nenkungu ekuseni, ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane, umehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa emini/ebusuku — izimo ezikhuthaza ukuqoqeka kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi nama-amino acid.
Inhlabathi: I-acidic (pH 5.0–6.0), inhlabathi yezintaba ebomvu nephuzi ephakelwe egwadleni. INtaba iBaima — iyinsiza enkulu yamatshe egwadle esifundeni (izinqolobane zokwakheka ~100 wezigidi m³), ukwakheka kwawo kwamaminerali okunothisa inhlabathi ngezakhi ezincane.
Imvelo: Indawo ibonakala ngomkhiqizo omkhulu wokuphila: kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-300 zezilwane zasendle, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zezitshalo zasendle. Amahlathi amaningi. Izingadi zetiye zitholakala endaweni ehlanzekile ngokwemvelo, ekude nezindawo zezimboni. Amasimu amasha afakwe izinhlelo zokunisela okuzenzakalelayo, amachibi okuqoqa amanzi, amathuluzi okulwa nezinambuzane nezinye izifo, nemigwaqo ekhonjisiwe eyenziwe ngamatshe kakhonkolo — ingqalasizinda edlula iningi lamapulazi asezintabeni ezisentshonalanga yeGuangdong.
Isimo sezulu sendawo encane saseNtabeni iBaima: Ekuphakameni kwama-700–944 m kwakheka isimo sezulu esikhethekile sendawo encane: inkungu yasekuseni isonga imithambeka kuze kube ugu-10-11 ekuseni, idale ukukhanya okuhlakazekile; izinga lokushisa lasebusuku liphansi ngo-5–8°C kunalawo asesigodini. Lezi zimo zehlisa ijubane lokukhula kwamahlumela, zenyusa ingxenye yawo yama-amino acid (ubumnandi) kanye nama-compound anuka kamnandi uma kuqhathaniswa nama-polyphenols (ubumuncu). Umphumela — itiye elinobumnandi obuqhamukayo bemvelo kanye “nomoya ohlanzekile wasezintabeni” (山野清香), owuhlukanisa kwamanye amatiye abomvu aseGuangdong asezingxenyeni eziphansi.
Ngezikhathi zonyaka: Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo (春茶) — izinga eliphakeme kakhulu: lithambe, linephunga elimnandi, linoshukela. Ehlobo (夏茶) — liminyene kakhudlwana, linobumuncu obukhulu. Ekwindla (秋茶) — “linobusi”, linomzimba othambile.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukuvuna (采摘): Kwenziwa ngesandla, ibhutha elilodwa + icebe elilodwa noma amabili.
Ukubunisa (萎凋): Amahora ayi-10–16, ngokwemvelo noma endlini. Icebe liyathamba, kuvele iphunga elincane lezithelo.
Ukusonga (揉捻): E-ulayini ophilayo — ubukhulu obulawulwayo. Ukwakheka kwamatheyi acinene, anwebekayo (壯實).
Ukufakwa umoya / Ukubila (發酵): Amahora ama-3–5, ezingeni lokushisa nomswakama olawulwayo. Ukufakwa umoya okuphelele.
Ukomisa (烘乾): Ngezigaba — okokuqala ezingeni lokushisa eliphakeme (ukugxilisa), bese kuba okokugcina ezingeni eliphansi (ukuzinzisa iphunga).
Ukuhlela (分級): Ngosayizi, ukuba khona kwamathiphu nezinga.
Isici esikhethekile: Ulayini we “Xinghua Baima” — uwukuphela kwawo esifundeni, owakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukugcina zonke izigaba zokucutshungulwa kwendabuko kwetiye leBaima ngesikhathi esifanayo kufakwa ngomshini; ukwakhiwa kwawo kuthathe ingxenye yonyaka yokusebenza ngokubambisana konjiniyela nezingcweti zokwenza itiye ngesandla.

6. Izimpawu Zezinzwa:

Isimo seqabunga elomile ngaphandle: Amatheyi acinene, anwebekayo, asongekile (壯實), ansundu ngokumnyama kuya komnyama, acwebezelayo ngokunjenge-oyela. Emazingeni aphakeme — amathiphu agqamile anombala osagolide.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Limnandi, linobusi nezithelo, linamathoni amancane “asehlathini”, akhombisa i-terroir yezintaba yeBaima.
Iphunga lokumnika: Lizinzile, linezingqimba eziningi. Ubusi, izithelo ezomisiwe, ukuqhakaza okuncane. “Umo ohlanzekile wasezintabeni” (山野清香) oyisici — umphumela wokukhula endaweni ephakeme nokuhlanzeka kwemvelo.
Ukunambitheka: Kunothile futhi kunoshukela othambile (濃醇甘甜), nobumnandi obusha “obuphilayo” (鮮活) kanye ne-hui gan ehlala isikhathi eside (回甘持久). Umzimba — ophakathi ukuya kogcwele. Ubumuncu buthambile, busuka buphenduke ubumnandi ngokushesha.
Umbala wokumnika: Obomvu ngokugqamile, okhanyayo, ocwebezelayo (紅艷透亮). Emaqoqweni angcono kakhulu — “unendandatho esagolide” emaphethelweni.
Inkaba yetiye: Amaqabunga abomvu okhweyini, anwebekayo, aphelele.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Ama-Polyphenols: 14–18% wesisindo esomile. Izinga elimaphakathi, eliqinisekisa ukuthamba.
Ama-Amino acid: 3–4% — izinga eliphakeme, elakha ubumnandi kanye “ne-umami”. Kuhlobene ne-terroir yezintaba (inkungu, ukukhanya okuhlakazekile).
I-Caffeine: 2.0–3.0%.
Ama-Thearubigins nama-theaflavins: Akha umbala obomvu wokumnika kanye “nevelvety” yokunambitheka.
Ama-compound anuka kamnandi: Kusemqoka ama-terpene alcohols (linalool, geraniol) — akha iphrofayili enezimbali nobusi.

8. Izinzuzo Ezisiza Impilo:

Ukuqinisa okuthambile: Izinga elimaphakathi le-caffeine, izinga eliphezulu le-L-theanine.
Ukuvikela ngama-Antioxidant: Ama-Theaflavins nama-thearubigins.
Umthelela ofudumeza: Imvelo “efudumele”, imnandi ngesizini epholile.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamajusi okugaya, kuyasiza ngemva kokudla okunamafutha.
Umthelela oqabulayo noqeda ukoma (清熱解渴): Isici esijwayele ukubonwa setiye leBaima, okukhulunywa ngaso kakade emithonjeni yomlando.
Ukuqinisa umsebenzi wokugaya (健脾開胃): Ngokwesiko kukholelwa ukuthi itiye leBaima “livula isifiso sokudla” — isici esaziswa kakhulu emasikweni okupheka aseGuangdong.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C.
Inani letiye: 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml (i-gongfu); 3 g ku-200–250 ml (ukumisa).
Izitsha: I-gaiwan yobumba, inkomishi yengilazi.
Inqubo:
1. Ukushisisa izitsha.
2. Ukufaka itiye.
3. Ukuwasha — uma uthanda (ukuthulula okusheshayo 2–3 amasekhondi).
4. Ukuthulula kokuqala: amasekhondi ayi-10–15.
5. Ukuthulula izikhathi ezi-5–7, ukwandisa isikhathi ngamasekhondi ama-5–10.
Qaphela: IBaima hongcha ivuleka kahle kakhulu nangenkomishi “enkulu” (ingilazi enkulu / ifomethi yaseYurophu): 3 g ku-250 ml, izinga lokumisa eliyimizuzu emi-3–4. Le fomethi ifaneleka ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke esimweni sezulu esishisayo saseGuangdong — ukumnika ezingeni lokushisa legumbi kugcina “ubumnandi obuphilayo” kanye nesimo esiqabulayo, okwaphawulwa ngaso emibhalweni yeQing njengesici setiye leBaima “sokuqeda ukoma nokuvula isifiso sokudla”.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isitsha: Esivalekile, esingabonisi.
Izimo: 10–25°C, umswakama kuze kufike ku-60%.
Isikhathi: Izinyanga eziyi-12–24.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

UFengkai Hongcha — itiye elisezingeni lentengo eliphakathi. Elijwayelekile — ama-yuan angu-200–500/500 g; elisezingeni eliphezulu (izihlahla ezindala zaseBaima, intwasahlobo, umsebenzi wezandla) — ama-yuan angu-500–1 500.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohliswa: Hlola imvelaphi (isifunda Fengkai, Zhaoqing, Guangdong). Bheka uphawu “杏花白馬®” noma ezinye izinhlobo eziqinisekisiwe ezifanayo. “Umoya ohlanzekile wasezintabeni” kanye “ne-hui gan ehlala isikhathi eside” — yizimpawu eziyinhloko zezinzwa.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Itiye Lombuso kanye nePanama (1908): Itiye leBaima lathunyelwa embukisweni wamazwe omhlaba ngokuphuma kwenkantolo yeQing ngonyaka wokugcina wokubusa kukaGuangxu — elinye lamatiye ambalwa aseGuangdong athola ukuhlonishwa emhlabeni ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
Isigamu sekhulu entabeni: Izihlahla zepulazi likahulumeni lika-1968–69 — zingenye yezindala kakhulu entshonalanga yeGuangdong; izinsiza zazo ziziswa ngenxa yokujula nokuvuthwa kokunambitheka.
Ulayini oyingqayizivele “owenziwe ngesandla … ngomshini”: Ulayini ophilayo we “Xinghua Baima” waklanywa ingxenye yonyaka ngokuhlanganyela konjiniyela nezingcweti zokwenza itiye ngesandla, ukuze ukhiqize ngokunembile kuzo zonke izici zokucutshungulwa kwendabuko — kuhlanganise nendlela ekhethekile yokubunisa, engatholakali emigqeni ejwayelekile yetiye elibomvu noma eliluhlaza.
IFengkai — yindawo yokuzalwa “kweGuangxin”: Isifunda saqanjwa ngedolobha lasendulo iGuangxin (廣信), okuthe ngokomunye umbono lanikeza isifundazwe sonke saseGuangdong igama laso (廣東 — “empumalanga yeGuangxin”). Itiye elivela eNtabeni iBaima — umkhiqizo wesifunda esinomlando wokuphatha wezinkulungwane ezimbili.
Ama-48% — ingxenye yedolobhana elilodwa: Idolobhana laseXinghua, nakuba lilincane (inani labantu ~20 500), linikeza amaphesenti angu-48 ayo yonke indawo yetiye yesifunda, okulenza libe isizinda esiphelele sokutshalwa kwetiye eFengkai.
Amathuba omsebenzi angu-350: Ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wetiye eXinghua kuhlinzeke ngokuqashwa okuqhubekayo nangesizini kwabahlali bendawo abangaba ngu-350, kanti imodeli “yenkampani + isizinda + umlimi” yaheha amakhaya amancane angaba ngu-20 angamalungu obumbano.
“Igama elingenabuso”: Kuze kube ngu-2014, itiye leBaima lalikhona njengomkhiqizo ongenagama emakethe yendawo: abalimi babethengisa itiye elivuthululiwe ngaphandle kokupakishwa nophawu. Ukusungulwa kophawu “Xinghua Baima®” nendinganiso yebhizinisi kwaba inguquko, okwaguqula umkhiqizo “wasemakhaya” waba yimpahla enobunjalo bemakethe.

13. Ukuhlaziya Ngokuqhathanisa:

Isici	Fengkai Hongcha (封開紅茶)	Heshan Hongcha (鶴山紅茶)	Yingde Hongcha (英德紅茶)
Isifunda	Zhaoqing	Jiangmen	Qingyuan
Umnyombo wokukhiqiza	INtaba iBaima (Xinghua)	Shuanghe, Gulao	Yingde
Ukuphakama	700–944 m	200–800 m	100–500 m
Iphunga eliyisici	“Umoya wasezintabeni”, ubusi, izithelo ezomisiwe	Ubusi, imithombo yezinhlamvu	Ukhokho, imithombo yezinhlamvu, amantongomane
Isici esikhethekile	I-gongcha yombuso; iPanama 1908	Amaphesenti angu-80 okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweGuangdong ngekhulu le-19	Ifulegi letiye elibomvu laseGuangdong
Isimo se-GI	Lusenkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa	Yebo (2015)	Yebo (2006)

14. Izinhlobonhlobo:

Xinghua Baima hongcha (杏花白馬紅茶): Umkhiqizo oyinhloko — itiye elibomvu elivela eNtabeni iBaima.
Xinghua Baima lücha (杏花白馬綠茶): Itiye eliluhlaza — ngokomlando umkhiqizo oyinhloko wetiye leBaima: “elihlanzekile, elinephunga elimnandi, elinokumnika okucacile okuluhlaza okotshani”.
Xinghua Baima baicha (杏花白馬白茶): Itiye elimhlophe — indlela entsha, esebenzisa ulayini ofanayo ophilayo.
Ngokwezinga: Te Ji (特級), 1st, 2nd.

15. Izixwayiso Nezinye Izixwayiso:

Izinga elimaphakathi le-caffeine: Kufanele kuncishiswe ingxenye yesibili yosuku uma kuzwela.
Ungaphuzi ungadlile.
Ukukhulelwa nokuncelisa: Kunciphise ku-2–3 g/ngosuku noma uthintane nodokotela.

Ngokuphetha:

UFengkai Hongcha — itiye elinomlando wasenkantolo yesilo kanye nesikhathi samanje sobusomabhizinisi. INtaba iBaima, itiye layo elaliziswa enkantolo yeQing futhi lahlonishwa ePanama ngo-1908, namuhla liba nokuzalwa kabusha: kusukela ezindleleni zokwenza ngesandla zokwenza itiye kwabalimi — kuze kufike emgqeni ophilayo oyingqayizivele, ogcina umoya wesiko. Leli tiye okwamanje alinakho ukwaziwa okukhulu kwabomakhelwane baso baseGuangdong — iYingde Hongcha noma iHeshan Hongcha — kodwa i-terroir yalo yasezintabeni, izihlahla ezinengxenye yekhulu ubudala kanye nengqalasizinda ekhula ngokushesha alenza libe “yinkanyezi ekhuphukayo” ethembisa kakhulu ekutshalweni kwetiye entshonalanga yeGuangdong.

Enkomishini ngayinye yeFengkai Hongcha — kukhona inkungu yeNtaba iBaima, amandla amaminerali enhlabathi yamatshe egwadle kanye nalawo “moya ohlanzekile wasezintabeni” owahlukanisa itiye leBaima kakade ngezikhathi lapho lalethwa enkantolo. Kulabo abafuna itiye elibomvu laseGuangdong ngaphandle “kwezinkulu ezintathu” (Yingde, Heshan, Zijin), iFengkai — ingukuthola okufanele kwenziwe, kusazoba ukuthi alikakaziwa kabanzi futhi intengo yalo ayikakhuphuki ngokufanele.