Fànjìngshān Lǜchá

IFànjìngshān Lǜchá yitiye eluhlaza elizalwa emathafeni eNtaba iFànjìngshān (梵净山), isiqongo esikhulu soKhahlamba iWǔlíng (武陵山脉) esifundazweni saseGuìzhōu. IFànjìngshān iyindawo eyiNhlangano Yezizwe eNhlakanhlaka Yamagugu Omhlaba (i-UNESCO) futhi ingeyinye yezindawo ezihlanzekile kakhulu ezingenakungcola eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina, ikleliswe ohlelweni lwe-UN lwe’Man and Biosphere’ (Umuntu Nezinto Eziphilayo). Itiye elivela kule ntaba laziwa kusukela okungenani ngesikhathi soBukhosi baseTáng, kwathi ngo-1411 lanikezwa isithunzi sokuphana enkantolo. Namuhla, ngaphansi komkhiqizo weFànjìngshān Chá (梵净山茶) kuhlanganiswe uphawu lwendawo lonke, oluhlanganisa amatiye aluhlaza, abomvu, amhlophe kanye ne-macha, kodwa yitiye eluhlaza — elinamakha ahlanzekile e-castane, ukunambitheka okusha nobumnandi obukhanyayo bokubuya — elilokhu liyingqophamlando yesifunda.

1. Izigaba kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eluhlaza (elingabiliswanga, 绿茶, lǜchá). Ngokwendlela yokumisa nokomisa, likhiqizwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene: i-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng (梵净山翠峰) ekhwalithi ephezulu — eyisicaba, ethosiwe; itiye eluhlaza eliningi — eligoqiwe (卷曲形), eliyindilinga (珠形) noma elinjengenalithi (针形), elithosiwe kakhulu (炒青) noma elibhakwe (烘青).
• Isigaba: Itiye elidumile lesifunda (名茶, míngchá), umkhiqizo onesivikelo sezindawo. I-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng yazuza isimo somkhiqizo onophawu lwezindawo (地理标志产品) oluvela ku-State Administration for Quality Supervision and Quarantine ye-PRC ngo-2005; uphawu olubanzi lwe-Fànjìngshān Chá (梵净山茶) lwathola ukuqashelwa kwezolimo (agricultural geographical indication) okuvela ku-Ministry of Agriculture ngo-2016. Ifakwe ohlwini lwamatiye ayishumi adumile esifundazweni sase-Guìzhōu.
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Guìzhōu (贵州省, Guìzhōu Shěng), idolobha lase-Tóngrén (铜仁市, Tóngrén Shì). Indawo evikelweyo ihlanganisa izifunda eziyisikhombisa: Yìnjiāng (印江县), Shíqiān (石阡县), Sīnán (思南县), Déjiāng (德江县), Yánhé (沿河县), Jiāngkǒu (江口县) no-Sōngtáo (松桃县) — izigodi eziyi-122 zizonke.
• Izixhumanisi Zendawo: 107°44′–109°30′ E, 27°07′–29°05′ N (indawo yokukhiqiza evikelwe). Isiqongo uqobo lwe-Fànjìngshān: cishe 27.92° N, 108.68° E.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando: Ukutshalwa kwetiye endaweni yaseFànjìngshān kwaqala esikhathini soBukhosi baseTáng (唐代, 7th–10th century). U-Lù Yǔ (陆羽) encwadini yakhe ethi “I-Chájing” (《茶经》) ukhuluma ngetiye elivela esifundeni saseSīzhōu (思州), okuyindawo ehambisana ne-Tóngrén yanamuhla, ethi: “…livame ukutholakala, ukunambitheka kwalo kuhle kakhulu” (往往得之，其味极佳). Imininingwane yoBukhosi baseMíng (《明实录》) iqopha ukuthi: “Eziphweni zaseSīzhōu, itiye liphakeme kunakho konke” (思州方物茶为上). Ngo-1411 (unyaka wesi-9 we-Yǒnglè, 永乐九年), itiye elivela edolobhaneni lase-Tuánlóng (团龙村), elisemaweni entabeni eduze kwesigodlo samaBuddha i-Hùguó-sì (护国寺), lanikezwa isimo sokuphana enkantolo (贡茶, gòngchá). I-”Guìzhōu Tōngzhì” (《贵州通志》) icacisa ukuthi ngesikhathi soBukhosi baseMíng, umkhiqizo wonyaka wetiye endaweni yaseFànjìngshān wawufinyelela kumajini angaba ngu-50,000 (cishe amathani angu-25). Ukutshalwa okukhulu kwaqala ngo-1987, lapho isifunda sase-Yìnjiāng sifaka itiye ohlwini lwezimboni ezingamasu. Ngo-2005, i-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng Chá yathola isimo somkhiqizo onesivikelo sezindawo. Ngo-2009, itiye lafakwa ohlwini lwamatiye ayishumi adumile ase-Guìzhōu (贵州十大名茶). Ngo-2016, i-Ministry of Agriculture yaqinisekisa uphawu olubanzi lwe-Fànjìngshān Chá. Ngo-2022, uphawu lwalulinganiswa ngo-RMB 35.2 billion, luthatha indawo yama-30 phakathi kwamabrendi etiye ezifunda zaseShayina futhi lathola isithunzi sokuba “uphawu olwaziwa kuzwe lonke laseShayina” (中国驰名商标). Itiye liphindaphindiwe laphumelela emiqhudelwaneni kazwelonke: ngo-2005, 2007, 2009 — izindondo zokuqala kumqhudelwano we-”Zhōng Chá Bēi” (中茶杯); ngo-2007 — indondo yegolide esigabeni sokuhlola somqhudelwano womhlaba wamatiye aluhlaza e-Japan; ngo-2006 — indondo yegolide kumqhudelwano we-”Zhōng Lǜ Bēi” (中绿杯). Ngo-2016, i-China Tea Circulation Association yafaka i-Fànjìngshān Chá ohlwini lwamabrendi kahulumeni ayishumi anconyiwe wamatiye aluhlaza eShayina.

• Igama: I-Fànjìngshān (梵净山) yigama elingcwele lamaBuddha lentaba, ngokwezwi nezwi lithi “INtaba Ehlanzekile Ye-Brahma.” Uhlamvu 梵 (fàn) lusho u-Brahma ngesiSanskrit, “ongcwele, ohlanzekile”; 净 (jìng) lusho “okuhlanzekile, okungaxutshwanga”; 山 (shān) lusho “intaba.” I-Lǜchá (绿茶) isho “itiye eluhlaza.” Igama eliphelele lihunyushwa ngokuthi “itiye eluhlaza laseNtabeni iFànjìng” futhi liphethe umqondo wokuhlanzeka ngokomoya nokungathintwa kwemvelo.

• Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Fànjìngshān ingenye yezintaba ezinhlanu ezingcwele zamaBuddha eShayina, ezinikezelwe ku-Bodhisattva Maitreya (弥勒道场). Isiko letiye lendawo lihlangana kakhulu namasiko amaBuddha, ezizwe (kuhlala abantu bama-Tǔjiā nama-Miáo) kanye nemvelo, kwakha ifilosofi ethile “yokukhulisa umoya, ukunakekela impilo nokuvumelana” (修身养性、健康和谐). Edolobhaneni lase-Tuánlóng, namuhla kusekhona izihlahla zetiye ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu ezatshalwa ngekhulu lesi-15; esikhulu kunazo zonke saziwa ngokuthi “iNkosi Yezihlahla Zetiye ZaseShayina” (中国茶树王). Kuso sonke isifunda sase-Tóngrén, kunezihlahla zetiye ezi-3 ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-1,000 nezihlahla ezingaphezu kwezi-6,000 ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100. Ngo-1992, umfundi we-Chinese Academy of Sciences nowengcithabuchopho yezetiye, u-Chén Zōngmào (陈宗懋), wavakashela i-Fànjìngshān futhi washiya umbhalo wokubhala ongokwesandla othi: “Iziphiwe ngendalo ngendlela engenakulinganiswa — ubuhle bendawo, iphunga letiye” (得天独厚，景美茶香).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezimpahla Zokusetshenziswa:

• Izinhlobo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Uhlobo / Isivuno: Isivuno esiyinhloko setiye elikhwalithi ephezulu (i-Cuìfēng) yi-Fúdǐng Dàbáichá (福鼎大白茶) kanye nezihlobo zayo ezikhethiwe, ezijwayele ukuhlala ezindaweni eziphakeme. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe kabanzi izinhlobo zendawo ezixubile (群体种, qúntǐzhǒng), ezidala ukwahlukahluka kofuzo kanye nokunambitheka okukhethekile kwendawo.
• Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwaseNtwasahlobo kuyikona okuyinhloko futhi okubaluleke kakhulu. Nge-Cuìfēng yekhwalithi ephezulu — kuqoqwa ihlumela elilodwa eliqhakazile kanye neqabunga elilodwa elincane elisathambile; ngamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile — ihlumela elilodwa namaqabunga amabili noma amathathu. Amabheji okuqala entwasahlobo (明前茶) abaluleke kakhulu.
• Izinga Lokuvuna: Isithako kufanele siphelele, sibe shá, singalimali ngokomshini; amahlumela kufanele aqine, ambozwe uboya. Izindinganiso zokukhiqiza zihlinzekela amagreyidi amaningi: okuyisipesheli (特级), ibanga elilodwa (一级) kanye nebanga lesibili (二级).
• Izidingo Zezinto Zokusetshenziswa: Amasimu wetiye atholakala endaweni evikelwe yokukhiqiza ekuphakameni okungu-400–1500 m. Inhlabathi kufanele ihambisane ne-standard GB/T 18407.1 (ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo yezolimo) kanye nezinhlelo zomthetho zesifundazwe i-DB52.

4. Indawo Yemvelo Nezici Zokutshalwa:

• Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: 400–1500 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; indawo ekahle yetiye elikhwalithi ephezulu ingu-800–1300 m.
• Uhlobo lomhlaba: Izintaba ze-Fànjìngshān ziyisiqongo esikhulu soKhahlamba i-Wǔlíng (武陵山脉), esifinyelela ku-2572 m. Amasimu wetiye atheleleke emithambekeni ephakathi nendawo nasezigodini eziphakathi kwezintaba, ezungezwe amahlathi angaphansi kwe-Tropiki angakaze athintwe anamahlathi afika ku-98%.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-monsoon engaphansi kwe-Tropiki. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nelijwayelekile lingu-16–18°C. Imvula yonyaka ingu-800–1300 mm. Amahora okukhanya kwelanga acishe abe ngu-1200–1300 ngonyaka. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa siyizinsuku ezingu-~300.
• Isimo sezulu sendawo encane: Umswakama ophezulu kanye nenkungu evamile kuyizici eziwuphawu lwe-Fànjìngshān. Ukugcwala kwama-ion angenasici kufinyelela ku-120,000–180,000 kusentimitha elilodwa le-cubic — okungenye yezibalo eziphakeme kakhulu eShayina. Ukugqunyelelwa okuhlala kuhlezi kusakaza ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okuvuselela ukwakheka kwama-amino acid ne-chlorophyll.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yezintaba ephuzi, ephuzi ngokunsundu futhi ebomvu ene-pH engu-4.5–6.5 nezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo. Ukugcwaliswa kwe-zinc ne-selenium ngokwemvelo kuyisici sayo yonke indawo “yebhande legolide” yokutshalwa kwetiye e-Guìzhōu.
• Imvelo: I-Fànjìngshān iyindawo eyi-UNESCO World Natural Heritage (2018), iyingxenye yenethiwekhi ye-UN ye-Biosphere Reserves ethi ‘Man and Biosphere’ futhi iyisiqiwi semvelo sikazwelonke. Kule ndawo kuhlala izinqawana ezisagolide zase-Guìzhōu (Rhinopithecus brelichi) — okuyinhlobo etholakala kuphela kule ndawo. Amasimu wetiye alawulwa ngokwezindinganiso “zokulawula okuluhlaza” (绿色防控) ezinobandlulo lwezinhlobo eziyi-118 ze-pesticide; inani lokumbozwa kwezindlela zokuvikela eziluhlaza lidlula u-90%. Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlola eminingi, wonke amasampuli wetiye la endaweni ahambisana noma adlula izindinganiso zokuphepha zikazwelonke nezesifundazwe. Isifunda sase-Tóngrén sinamhektare acishe abe ngu-126,000 (189万亩) wamasimu wetiye aphilile; izifunda eziyisikhombisa zinesimo “sezifunda zokuqala zikazwelonke ezikhiqiza itiye” (全国重点产茶县), ezine ziyi “Ndawo yezwe yetiye elidumile laseShayina” (中国名茶之乡).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe buyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo ezingaphansi. Ngezansi uchazwa umkhiqizo oyinhloko — i-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng (itiye eluhlaza eliyisicaba nelithosiwe).

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kwamahlumela amancane ekuseni ngovivi. Isithako silethwa emshinini wokukhiqiza phakathi kwamahora ambalwa.

• Ukunwebeka (摊放 — tānfàng): Amacembe amasha anwebeke ngokulinganayo endaweni enomoya. Isikhathi siwuhora we-4–8. Inhloso iwukuhlanganisa umswakama, ukucekela phansi izingxenye zamangqamuzana amaseli, ukwandisa ama-amino acid akhululekile, nokulungiselela izandulela zamakha.

• Ukumiswa — ‘ukubulawa kokuluhlaza’ (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukuthosa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu epanini noma emshinini oyisigubhu. Ukumisa i-polyphenol oxidase, ukunqanda ukuvutshelwa, nokwakha iphunga eliyisisekelo. Nge-Cuìfēng, izinga lokushisa lokumisa lilawulwa ngokucophelela ukuze kuzuzwe iphunga le-castane ngaphandle kwemiphumela “eshisiwe”.

• Ukupholisa (摊凉 — tānliáng): Ukuvunyelwa komoya okufushane nokuphola ngemva kokumiswa. Kuvimbela “ukuswanyama” kweqabunga futhi kuhlanganise umswakama ngaphambi kokubunjwa.

• Ukubunjwa — ukwelulwa nokunikezwa isimo (理条做形 — lǐtiáo zuòxíng): Isigaba esibalulekile se-Cuìfēng: amacembe ayelulwa futhi acindezelwe, athathe isimo esifana nomkhonto (形态似矛). Ngezinhlobo eziningi — ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn) bese kulandelwa ukuhlukanisa amaqhuqhuva (解块, jiěkuài).

• Ukupholisa (摊凉): Ukuphinda uvune umoya.

• Ukususa uboya (脱毫 — tuōháo): Isigaba esikhethekile se-Cuìfēng: ukukhipha uboya obuningi ukuze ukuhlungwa kuhlale kucwebile.

• Ukuthosa kokugcina — “ipani elikhazimulayo” (辉锅 — huīguō): Ukufudumeza okokugcina ezingeni lokushisa elehlisiwe, okulungisa iphunga futhi kwehlise umswakama osele ube sezingeni elizinzile (≤6.5%).

• Ukupholisa nokukhulisa amakha (提香 — tíxiāng): Nge-Cuìfēng — ukufudumeza okuthambile kokugcina, okukhulisa amanothi e-castane namantongomane.

• Ukuhlukaniswa (分级归类 — fēnjí guīlèi): Ukuhlukaniswa kwetiye eliphelele ngokwamazinga.

Ngamatiye aluhlaza amaningi (炒青/烘青) ubuchwepheshe busondele kakhulu kokujwayelekile: ukunwebeka → ukumiswa → ukupholisa → ukusongwa → ukuhlukanisa amaqhuqhuva → ukomiswa kokuqala → ukusongwa kabusha → ukomiswa kokugcina.

6. Izici Zokunambitheka Nokuhlungwa:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: I-Cuìfēng — isicaba, iqondile, ibushelelezi, ifana nengaphambili lomkhonto; umbala uluhlaza okotshani, ulingene. Itiye eluhlaza eliningi — eligoqiwe, eliyindilinga noma elinjengenalithi; luhlaza okotshani, licwebezela okwamafutha.
• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Lithambile, lihlanzekile, linomunxa ocacile we-castane (栗香, lìxiāng). Kwi-Cuìfēng — iphunga elihle, elihlala njalo le-castane eyosiwe enezimpawu ezincane zezimbali.
• Iphunga lokuhlungwa: Liphakeme, lihlala njalo, nomunxa ovelele we-castane kanye nesendlalelo sesibili esinjengotshani obusanda kugundiwe kanye nokuphunga kwezimbali okuthambile. Iphunga lihlala likhona kuzo zonke izikhathi zokuhlungwa okuningana.
• Ukunambitheka: Kusha, kugcwele, nobumnandi obugqamile kanye no-‘mzimba’ othambile. Ubumuncu buncane kakhulu; ukuqina kwethumbu kumnene, kusheshe kuguquke kube ubumnandi bokubuya (回甘, huígān). Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-amino acid, kutholakala ingxenye ye-umami evelele.
• Umbala wokuhlungwa: Uluhlaza okotshani ngokuthambile, okhanyayo, ocwebile (嫩绿、清澈).
• Indawo yetiye (iqabunga elidayisiwe): Amahlumela amancane, aphelele kanye namaqabunga, alinganayo ngosayizi; umbala uluhlaza okotshani ngokukhanyayo. Kwi-Cuìfēng — amahlumela avuleka ngokulinganayo, akhe “amahlumela”.

7. Ingxube Yamakhemikhali:

Ingxube yamakhemikhali ye-Fànjìngshān Lǜchá ibonakala ngezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lama-amino acid kanye “nesilinganiso segolide” se-polyphenol nama-amino acid, okuqinisekiswa ucwaningo lweminyaka eminingi yi-Ministry of Agriculture Tea Quality Center kanye ne-Guizhou Agricultural Product Quality Center.

• I-Polyphenol (茶多酚): 16.7–31.5% wezinto eziwomile (ububanzi obuningi buxhomeke ekuphakameni, enkathini nasebangeni lekhwalithi). Izingxube ezinkulu — ama-catechin (EGCG, ECG, EC), anquma umsebenzi wokulwa nokugqwala.
• Ama-amino acid (氨基酸): 3.1–10.6% — isibalo esiyingqophamlando, ikakhulukazi kumavuno entwasahlobo asezindaweni eziphakeme. I-amino acid evelele i-L-theanine, eqinisekisa isimo se-umami kanye nokulinganisela okuzolisa nokuqinisa amandla.
• Izinto ezincibilikayo emanzini (水浸出物): 38–47.8% — izinga eliphezulu, eliqinisekisa ukugcwala nokunotha kokuhlungwa.
• Ama-alkaloid (生物碱): I-caffeine — ngokuvamile ingu-2.5–4.5% kumatiye aluhlaza endawo; i-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂), ama-carotenoid (i-provitamin A).
• Amaminerali nama-microelement: Ukugcwaliswa kwe-zinc ne-selenium ngokwemvelo kuyisici esivelele samatiye “webhande legolide” lase-Guìzhōu. Kuphinde kube khona i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, ne-fluoride.
• Amafutha amahle kanye nezinhlanganisela ezinamakha: Iphrofayili ye-castane yakhiwa ama-pyrazine nama-pyrrole ngesikhathi sokuthosa; isisekelo sezimbali notshani sakhiwa i-linalool, i-geraniol ne-cis-3-hexenol.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Ukuvikela ngokulwa nokugqwala: Ama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) aqeda ama-radicals amahhala futhi anciphise izinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli.
• Ukusekela ukuqonda kanye nokunikeza amandla okuthambile: Ukuhlangana kwe-L-theanine ne-caffeine kunikeza ukukhuphuka okulinganayo kokugxilisa ingqondo ngaphandle kokuthatheka okukhulu okungazelelwe.
• Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol asiza ekujwayeleni amazinga e-cholesterol nomfutho wegazi.
• Ukusiza ukugaya: Kuvuselela kancane ukuhamba kwesisu nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme; kuhambisana kahle nokudla.
• Umthombo we-selenium ne-zinc: Ukugcwaliswa ngokwemvelo kwalezi zakha-mzimba kusekela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba, ukusebenza kwezindlala, kanye nezinhlelo zokulwa nokugqwala emzimbeni.
• Ukugcina impilo yomlomo: I-fluoride nama-catechin avimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane abangela izifo, kusiza ukugcina izinsini ziphilile.
• Ukugcina impilo yesikhumba: Izinto zokulwa nokugqwala ne-Vitamin C zivikela ekulimaleni kokukhanya futhi zisiza ekwakhekeni kwe-collagen.
• Ukusekela ukugcinwa kwesisindo: Ama-catechin ne-caffeine kusheshisa ukusebenza kwesisindo nokushiswa kwamafutha, okungaba usizo ekulawuleni isisindo lapho kuhambisana nokudla okunomsoco.
• Kubalulekile: Uma uzwela kakhulu nge-caffeine, nciphisa ukuphuza emini; akunconywa ukuphuza itiye eligayiwe elinamandla ngesisu esingenalutho.

9. Ukwenziwa Kwetiye:

• Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 75–85°C. Nge-Cuìfēng yekhwalithi ephezulu — 75–80°C; ngamatiye aluhlaza amaningi kuvunyelwe u-80–85°C.
• Inani lomkhiqizo wetiye: 3–4 g ku-150–200 ml (ingilazi) noma 4–5 g ku-100–120 ml (i-gaiwan).
• Isitsha: Ingilazi ecwebezelayo (玻璃杯) — ukuze ubone ukuvuleka kwamahlumela etiye; i-gaiwan yobumba ewubumba (盖碗) — ukuze kwembulwe amakha kahle; i-teapot yobumba — ukuphuzela kweqembu.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza isitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachitha amanzi.
  2. Faka itiye. Kunconywa indlela ‘yokuthela phezulu’ (上投法, shàngtóufǎ) nge-Cuìfēng: qala ugcwalise ingilazi ngamanzi ngo-70%, bese ubeka itiye ngobumnene.
  3. Ukucwiliswa akudingekile — isithako esithambile siyaveza ngokugcwele kusukela ekuhlungweni kokuqala.
  4. Ukuhlungwa kokuqala — yekela imizuzu engu-1.5–2 (ingilazi) noma imizuzwana engu-20–30 (i-gaiwan).
  5. Thela ukuhlungwa. Engilazini — engeza amanzi lapho umthamo wengxenye yesithathu usuphuziwe.
  6. Ukuhlungwa okuphindaphindiwe: okungu-3–4 engilazini, okungu-5–7 ku-gaiwan (ngokwandisa isikhathi kwemizuzwana engu-5–10).

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Gcina esitsheni esivalekile, esingakhanyi (amaphakethe e-aluminium foil, izitini zensimbi ezinamabhodlela aqinile), uvikela ekukhanyeni, umswakama, ukushisa, nama-odour angaphandle.
• Izinga lokushisa elifanele ngu-0–5°C esiqandisini (hhayi efrijini yokukhenkceza), uqinisekise ukuvalwa okukabili.
• Uma ugcina ekamelweni, indawo ebandayo, eyomile, emnyama; sebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-2–3 ngemva kokuvulwa.
• Isikhathi esinconywayo sokuveza ukunambitheka okuphezulu yizinyanga eziyisi-6–12 ngemva kokukhiqiza. Itiye eluhlaza alidingi ukuvuthwa — ukusha lapha kufana nekhwalithi.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabanisa:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ububanzi obubanzi. I-Cuìfēng ekhwalithi ephezulu evela kuvuno lwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo — kusuka ku-RMB 1,000 kuya ku-5,000/kg nangaphezulu (ngo-2009, amagremu angu-200 e-”Fànjìngshān Dé Yì Chūn” athengiswa e-auction ngo-RMB 166,000; ngo-2010 — amagremu angu-300 ngo-RMB 198,000). Itiye eluhlaza elijwayelekile — RMB 200–800/kg. Izinto ezithinta intengo: isikhathi sokuqoqa (明前 kubiza kakhulu), igreyidi (特级 > 一级 > 二级), ukuphakama kwesimu, indlela yokucubungula.

• Indlela yokugwema ukukhwabanisa:

  • Thenga itiye ezimbonini ezinelungelo lokusebenzisa uphawu lwezindawo ‘Fànjìngshān Chá’ (梵净山茶) noma ‘Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng Chá’ (梵净山翠峰茶) futhi ubheke ukuba khona komaka wokuvikela.
  • Hlolisisa ukubukeka: i-Cuìfēng yangempela iyisicaba, ibushelelezi, ilingene, iluhlaza okotshani; imikhiqizo yomgunyathi ngokuvamile ayifani ngokuma nangombala.
  • Hlola iphunga: iphunga lemvelo le-castane ngaphandle kokuklabalasa kwamakhemikhali noma iphunga ‘elibilisiwe’.
  • Hlola ukuhlungwa: kucwebile, kuluhlaza okotshani, akunazinsila.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo enesimemezelo segreyidi ephezulu kufanele ikusole: kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi kufakwa isithako esingahambisani nendawo esikhundleni salo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I-Fànjìngshān iyona kuphela phakathi kwezintaba ezingcwele zamaBuddha eShayina efakwe ohlwini lwe-UNESCO World Heritage njengendawo yemvelo (2018). Ukuhlangana kwamahlathi kuze kufike ku-98%, kanti ukugcwala kwama-ion angenasici kungu-120,000–180,000 kusentimitha elilodwa le-cubic, okukubeka endaweni yezindawo “ezihlanzekile” kakhulu emhlabeni.

• Edolobhaneni lase-Tuánlóng (团龙村) emaweni e-Fànjìngshān kukhona izihlahla zetiye zekhulu lesi-15; esikhulu kunazo zonke saziwa ngokuthi “iNkosi Yezihlahla Zetiye ZaseShayina” (中国茶树王) — ubufakazi obuphilayo bomlando wamakhulu ayisithupha wetiye.

• I-Tóngrén iyisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqiza i-matcha (抹茶) eShayina: kune-superfactory yaseGuì Chá (贵茶) enezindinganiso ze-EU, ethumela i-matcha emazweni amaningi. Ngo-2018, idolobha lathola isithunzi sokuba “yiNhloko-dolobha ye-Matcha yaseShayina” (中国抹茶之都).

• Esifundeni sase-Tóngrén kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziyi-118 ze-pesticide — esinye sezindlela eziqinile kunazo zonke zokulawula izinambuzane kwezolimo ezweni. Izinga lokumbozwa kwezindlela “eziluhlaza” zokuvikela amasimu wetiye lidlula u-90%. Itiye lendawo lihambisana nendlela ethi “ukuphakama okuphezulu, ukuphansi kwe-latitude, inkungu evamile, ukunothiswa nge-zinc ne-selenium, ukungabi nakungcola” (高海拔、低纬度、多云雾、富含锌硒、远离污染) — izimo ezinhlanu ezibizwa ngochwepheshe ngokuthi “yindlela yetiye eluhlaza lwase-Guìzhōu eliphelele.”

• Isifundazwe sase-Guìzhōu siyindawo enkulu kakhulu yetiye eShayina ngokomhlaba wokutshala (ungaphezu kwamahektare angu-467,000 万, >700万亩), sibambe isikhundla sokuqala kusukela ngo-2013. Isifunda sase-Tóngrén, esinhliziyo yaso iyi-Fànjìngshān, singesinye sezinsika ezimbili “zikanxantathu omusha wegolide” wetiye eluhlaza laseShayina kanye nase-Zūnyì.

• Ngo-1992, umfundi u-Chén Zōngmào (陈宗懋), owengcithabuchopho yezetiye eShayina, wahlonipha amatiye ase-Fànjìngshān ngombhalo wokubhala ongokwesandla othi “Iziphiwe ngendalo — ubuhle bendawo, iphunga letiye” (得天独厚，景美茶香), okwaba isiqubulo esingekho emthethweni salo mkhiqizo.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aluhlaza:

• Dūyún Máojiān (都匀毛尖, Dūyún Máojiān): Itiye eluhlaza elidume kakhulu lase-Guìzhōu, eliphakathi “kwabayishumi” bamatiye angcono kakhulu eShayina. I-Máojiān — igoqiwe, injengenalithi, inokuqina okugqamile kanye nephunga “elisha” elichele. I-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng — isicaba, ithambile, inephrofayili evelele ye-castane.

• Méitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽, Méitán Cuìyá): Elinye itiye eluhlaza lwase-Guìzhōu, nalo eliyisicaba. I-Cuìyá — incane futhi ‘injengomcibisholo’, inamathoni amaningi amatsha eembotshana; i-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng — inkulu, igcwele, inethoni ejulile ye-castane.

• Fènggāng Xīn Sè Chá (凤冈锌硒茶, Fènggāng Xīn Sè Chá): Itiye eluhlaza elinothiswe nge-zinc ne-selenium ngokwemvelo elivela eZūnyì esifundeni esiseduze. Ngokwephrofayili yamaminerali lisondele kakhulu kwele-Fànjìngshān, kodwa lihluke ngokuthi ligoqeke kakhulu futhi linokunambitheka okunokujula okuncane.

• Shíqiān Táichá (石阡苔茶, Shíqiān Táichá): Isivuno esiyingqayizivele sendawo esivela esifundeni sase-Shíqiān, esiyingxenye yendawo ye-Fànjìngshān Chá. I-Táichá — iwuhlobo oluhlukile ngokofuzo olunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwama-amino acid nokunambitheka okuthambile, ‘okufana namafutha’; i-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng — inesitayela esijwayeleke kakhulu.

• Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Isibonelo sakudala samatiye aluhlaza ayisicaba. I-Lóngjǐng — inamafutha amaningi, enephunga “lemboshana”; i-Fànjìngshān Cuìfēng — isha kakhulu, inamandla e-castane futhi ilula ngendlela yokwakheka, kodwa inesipho semvelo se-zinc ne-selenium.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Fànjìngshān Lǜchá yitiye elizwakala ukuthula kwehlathi elinamafu nokukhala komfula wasentabeni. Lizalwa emithambekeni yomunye wezintaba ezihlanzekile kakhulu emhlabeni, liletha enkomishini hhayi kuphela iphunga le-castane nobumnandi obusha, kodwa futhi ‘nokushajwa ngamaminerali’ okubambekayo — i-zinc ne-selenium, leyo nhlabathi yezintaba eyakhiwe kuyo izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kulabo abafuna itiye eluhlaza elinobuntu obuhlanzekile, obulinganayo, nobumnandi obujulile bokubuya, i-Fànjìngshān ingukutholwa ofisa ukukwenza njalo ekuseni. Linike amanzi athambile, izinga lokushisa elimaphakathi — futhi lizophendula ngaleyo “nhlanzeko ye-Brahma” esivele igxilile egameni laso.