Éméi Xuě Yá

I-Éméi Xuě Yá itiye lasendulo eliluhlaza elivela entabeni engcwele i-Éméi, enye yezintaba ezine ezinkulu zamaBuddha zaseShayina futhi iyindawo yeGugu Lomhlaba le-UNESCO. Igama layo livela emvelweni ngokwayo: njalo entwasahlobo, lapho emathafeni aseSìchuān amasimu eseluhlaza, ezingadini zetiye ezisentabeni i-Éméishān kusalokhu kukhona iqhwa — futhi kuwo kuqhuma amahlumela amancane athambile, ‘amahlumela eqhwa’ (雪芽). Izindela zezindlu zokukhonza zamaBuddha namaDaoist zazivuna leli tiye zinyathela phezu kwezindunduma zeqhwa eziphukayo, isikhathi esiyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu nesisiyingamakhulu amahlanu zeminyaka.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nendawo Yokuvela:

• Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingabilisiwe). Indlela yokulungisa — i-chǎoqīng (炒青, ukuthoswa epanini likawayini) bese kuba nokuvula iphunga ngokushisa okuphezulu ekugcineni (提香, tíxiāng).
• Isigaba: Itiye elidumile ngokomlando laseShayina, ebelingene ‘Ohlwini Lwamashumi Etiye Adumile’ ezikhathini zeTáng neSòng (唐宋十大名茶). ‘Uphawu Lwentengiso Oludumile LwaseShayina’ (中国驰名商标, 2012). Omunye ‘Wamashumi Etiye Adumile aseSìchuān’ (四川十大名茶).
• Indawo: IShayina, isifundazwe saseSìchuān (四川, Sìchuān), idolobha iLèshān (乐山, Lèshān), intaba iÉméishān (峨眉山, Éméishān). Isizinda sokukhiqiza singaphakathi kwendawo evikelekile engu‑154 km² yeGugu Lomhlaba Lemvelo Namasiko le‑UNESCO: iziqongo i‑Chìchéngfēng (赤城峰), i‑Báiyánfēng (白岩峰), i‑Yùnǚfēng (玉女峰), i‑Tiānchífēng (天池峰), i‑Jìngyuèfēng (竞月峰), kanye nesifunda sesigodlo i‑Wànniánsì (万年寺).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29°32′–29°36′ N, 103°20′–103°26′ E. Isiqongo esikhulu — i‑Wànfódǐng (万佛顶, 3099 m). Izingadi zetiye zisezindaweni eziphakeme ezingama‑800–1500 m.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando. Umlando wetiye e‑Éméishān uneminyaka engaphezu kuka‑3000 — lapha kwatholakala izihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezingama‑1000+ zeminyaka. Ngesikhathi seJìn (晋, 265–420) umlobi uCháng Qú (常璩, Cháng Qú) enkulumweni yakhe ethi «Huáyáng guó zhì» (华阳国志) waphawula ukuthi «Nánān (namuhla iLèshān) noWǔyáng bakhiqiza amatiye adumile… eningizimu kukhona intaba i‑Éméi». Ngesikhathi seSuí‑Táng (隋唐, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le‑6 – ekuqaleni kwekhulu le‑7) izindela zamaBuddha (cháshēng, 茶僧, ‘izindela zetiye’) zase‑Éméishān zanika leli tiye igama elithi «Éméi Xuě Míng» (峨眉雪茗, ‘Umnikelo wetiye eliyiqhwa wase‑Éméi’).

Ngesikhathi seTáng (唐), ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka‑Xiǎnqìng (显庆, 656–661), i‑Éméi Xuě Yá yafakwa ngokusemthethweni ohlwini lwe‑gòngchá (贡茶, iminikelo eya enkantolo). Isazi uLǐ Shàn (李善, Lǐ Shàn) enkombeni yencwadi ethi «Zhāomíng Wénxuǎn» (昭明文选注) wabhala: «Entabeni i‑Éméi kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zamakhambi okwelapha, kodwa itiye lihle kakhulu — alinakuqhathaniswa ezweni lonke. Esiqongweni esingaphandle kwesigodlo i‑Hēishuǐsī (黑水寺) kumawa amqansa itshalwa itiye; ukunambitheka kwalo kumnandi, futhi iminyaka emibili ilandelana amahlumela aba noboya obumhlophe, bese ngonyaka wesithathu abe luhlaza, futhi lokhu kushintsha kungenakushiywa». Isazi setiye uLù Yǔ (陆羽, Lù Yǔ) wafaka itiye lase‑Éméi encwadini yakhe ethi «Chá jīng» (茶经, ‘Incwadi Ebusayo Yetiye’). Imbongi yasendulo eyayiyindela uJiǎ Dǎo (贾岛, Jiǎ Dǎo) walidumisa ngezwi elithi «Yá xīn chōu xuě míng» (芽新抽雪茗 — «Amahlumela amasha aphumayo — itiye eliyiqhwa»).

Leli tiye lazuza igama lalo njengoba linjengamanje embokodweni enkulu uLù Yóu (陆游, Lù Yóu, 1125–1210). Ngowe‑1170 uLù Yóu wabelwa eJiāzhōu (namuhla iLèshān), wakha ubungani nomfundisi omkhulu we‑Zhōngfēngsì (中峰寺) indela uBiéfēng (别峰), futhi wathanda itiye lendawo. Ngowe‑1181, lapho evalelisa ngaphambi kokudluliselwa eChòngzhōu, uLù Yóu wamukela kubangani bakhe abayizindela ubhasikidi wetiye elisanda kulungiswa, wabe esebhala ngengcebo enkulu: «Xuě yá jìn zì Éméi dé, bù jiǎn hóng náng Gùzhǔ chūn» (雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春 — «Amahlumela eqhwa — asanda kufika e‑Éméi, awancishi intwasahlobo yase‑Gùzhǔ esikhwameni esibomvu»). Kusukela kula mazwi igama elithi «Éméi Xuě Yá» laqiniswa kuleli tiye unomphelo.

Umlobi wesikhathi seSòng uSū Dōngpō (苏东坡, Sū Dōngpō) naye wayengumlandeli oqotho wetiye lase‑Éméi. Ngesikhathi seMíng (明) amakhosi uHóngwǔ (洪武, Zhū Yuánzhāng) noWànlì (万历) banikeza izigodlo zase‑Éméishān amasimu etiye ngesiyalelo sokuba «kutshalwe i‑chánchá (禅茶, ‘itiye le‑zen’) futhi kukhiqizwe i‑gòngchá». Isiko lokunikezela laqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kweQīng (清).

Ngowezi‑2012 i‑«Éméi Xuě Yá» yamukelwa njengo ‘Phawu Lwentengiso Oludumile LwaseShayina’ (中国驰名商标). Ngawo lowo nyaka leli tiye lazuza kabili ‘Umklomelo Womhlaba Wonke Wetiye Elihle Kakhulu’ (世界佳茗大奖) emqhudelwaneni wesi‑9 womhlaba weNhlangano Yetiye Yomhlaba. Ngowezi‑2013 i‑Éméi Xuě Yá yakhethwa njenge tiye elisemthethweni lamadina eGlobal Fortune Forum eChéngdū.

Igama. I‑Éméi (峨眉) — ‘Amashiya Amahle’ — igama lenkondlo lentaba, umugqa wayo ophakeme ufana nokugoba kweshiya lowesifazane. I‑Xuě (雪) — ‘iqhwa’. I‑Yá (芽) — ‘ihlumela, amahlumela’. Incazelo ephelele: ‘Amahlumela eqhwa aseNtabeni yamaShiya Amahle’ — umfanekiso owavela enkambisweni yokuvuna amahlumela okuqala entwasahlobo eqhweni eliphukayo.

Ukubaluleka kwamasiko. I‑Éméi Xuě Yá ayinakuhlukaniswa nempilo engokomoya yentaba. Izindlu zokukhonza zamaBuddha e‑Éméishān izinkulungwane eziyikhulu nesisiyingamakhulu amahlanu zeminyaka bezilima izingadi zetiye njengengxenye ‘ye‑nóngchán’ (农禅, ukuzindla ngokulima). Minyaka yonke ngoMashi izindela zaziqhuba ‘uMgubho Wokunikezela Ngetiye KuBuddha’ (供佛法会, gòngfó fǎhuì): itiye elihle kakhulu, elivalwe esikhwameni sikasilika, lalihanjiswa ethala ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa enkantolo. I‑gatha yamaBuddha yabavuni: «Yù shǒu xiān xiān, chán xīn jìng jìng, qiánchéng sòng sòng, cǎi gòng fó qián» (玉手纤纤，禅心净净，虔诚颂诵，采供佛前 — «Izandla zejade ezithambile, inhliziyo ehlanzekile ye‑zen, ngezincazelo zomthandazo — sivuna ukunikela phambi kukaBuddha»).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezithako Zokusebenza:

• Uhlobo lwezitshalo: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
• Uhlobo / I‑cultivar: Uhlobo lwasendaweni olutholakala lapha kuphela — ‘isihlahla setiye lesikhuthu’ (菊花茶树, júhuā cháshù), olujwayele isimo sezulu sezintaba eziphakeme. Amahlumela athambile, anoboya obumhlophe obuningi, amelana neqhwa elikhulu, futhi anezinga eliphezulu lama‑polyphenols nama‑amino acid uma kuqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile.
• Ukuvuna: Entwasahlobo, ngokweqiniso ngesikhathi soMkhosi Wokukhanyisa (清明, ~5 Ephreli) ± izinsuku ezingama‑20. Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngokoqobo eqhweni — ezingadini eziphakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka‑1000 m) ngalesi sikhathi kusalokhu kukhona iqhwa elingakaphuki. Izindlela zokuvuna zihloniphekile ngokukhethekile: ‘indlela yokukhiya’ (弹指法, tánzhǐ fǎ), ‘indlela yokuphakamisa kancane’ (轻提法, qīngtí fǎ), ‘indlela yokuhlephula’ (掰式法, bāishì fǎ) — ukuqukuza nokusikwa ngendlovu akuvunyelwe ngamandla, ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphelela kwehlumela nesinqe salo.
• Indinganiso yokuvuna: Amahlumela angawodwa (独芽, dúyá) — kwamazinga aphezulu kakhulu e‑«Chánxīn» (禅心, ‘Inhliziyo ye‑zen’); ihlemba elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa (一芽一叶) — kwezinga le‑«Ruìxīn» (睿心); ihlemba elilodwa namaqabunga amabili (一芽二叶) — kwezinga le‑«Huìxīn» (慧欣).
• Izimfuneko zezithako: Amahlumela aphelele, angenakulimala. Ukuvuna — kuphela ngemuva kokuhwamuka okuphelele kwamazolo, akuvunyelwe ukuvuna lapho lina. Isitsha — obhasikidi boqalo, ungqimba omncane.

4. Indawo Yokusebenza Nezici Zokutshala:

• Ubume bomhlaba: Intaba i‑Éméishān iyingxenye yenguquko esuka emgodini waseSìchuān iye ethafeni eliphezulu laseQīnghǎi‑Tibet. Imithambeka engumnqantsa, imigodi ejulile, izingadi zetiye ezinesitezi phakathi kwehlathi lokuqala.
• Ukuphakama kokukhula: 800–1500 m ngaphezu kolwandle. Isizinda sihamba ngeziqongo i‑Chìchéng (赤城), i‑Báiyán (白岩), i‑Yùnǚ (玉女), i‑Tiānchí (天池), i‑Jìngyuè (竞月) kanye nesigodlo i‑Wànniánsì.
• Isimo sezulu: I‑Éméishān itholakala endaweni yesenzakaliso esithi «Huáxī yǔpíng» (华西雨屏, ‘Isibuko Semvula Sentshonalanga China’) — isimo sezulu esincane esiyingqayizivele lapho kungaphakathi kwendawo evikelekile engu‑154 km² kushintshanisana izimo ezintathu zemvelo: inkungu nesithwathwa (雾凇, wùsōng, ~izinsuku eziyi‑140/ngonyaka), imvula eneqhwa (雨凇, yǔsōng, ~izinsuku eziyi‑130/ngonyaka) nokukhanya okuyqhwa (雪霁, xuějì, ~izinsuku eziyi‑130/ngonyaka). Umehluko wezinga lokushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku: 16–18 °C ezingadini eziphakeme kakhulu, 12 °C ezingadini eziphakathi nendawo. Lo mehluko wehlisa ukucekelwa phansi kwama‑amino acid futhi unothise ikhasi ngezinto ezinuka mnandi.
• Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yehlathi elisentabeni ejulile, evunduvundulukile, enothile ngomquba (腐殖质, fǔzhízhì — ‘ungqimba lomquba’). Inomunyu omuncu (i‑pH 4.5–5.5). Inamazinga aphezulu ezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokucekelwa phansi kwehlathi lezihlahla ezindala (楠, 樟, 柏, 杉 — i‑nánmù, i‑camphor laurel, i‑cypress, i‑cryptomeria).
• Imvelo: Izingadi zetiye zitholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo yeGugu Lomhlaba le‑UNESCO, phakathi kwamahlathi okuqala, anezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka‑2300 zezilwane zasendle (kuhlanganise nama‑panda amakhulu namancane) nezinkulungwane zezinhlobo zezitshalo, kufaka phakathi ama‑fern ayizihlahla asendulo nama‑dawedia. Imivundiso yamakhemikhali nezibulala‑zinambuzane akuvunyelwe kusukela ngo‑1980 ngokomyalo ka‑Dèng Xiǎopíng (邓小平). Zingaphezu kuka‑400 ha (ama‑6000 mu) wezingadi zetiye eziqinisekisiwe ngamanye amazwe njengezisemthethweni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I‑Éméi Xuě Yá yenziwa ngesandla ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko, obudluliselwa esizukulwaneni ngesizukulwane ngabacubunguli betiye bamaBuddha. Isimo setiye eseliphethwe — liyisicaba, libushelelezi, liqondile, licijile (扁、平、滑、直、尖, biǎn, píng, huá, zhí, jiān), lifana nenalithi noma ‘iso likaBuddha’ (佛眼, fóyǎn).

• Ukwandlala (摊晾, tānliáng): Amahlumela asanda kuvunwa andlalwa ngongqimba omncane olinganayo emathangazini oqalo ukuze kuhwamuke umswakama ongaphezulu. Isikhathi — cishe imizuzu engama‑30.
• Ukuqinisa / ‘ukubulala uhlaza’ (杀青, shāqīng): Ikhasi lifakwa epanini likawayini elishisayo (izinga lokushisa kwesitsha — cishe 180 °C). Umcubunguli uphendula futhi aphonse amahlumela ngesandla (搂翻, lǒufān), afeze ukususwa ngokushesha komswakama nokungasebenzi kwe‑oxidase ngaphandle kokushiswa. Isikhathi — kuze kuvele iphunga letiye nokuthamba kwekhasi.
• Ukupholisa (摊凉, tānliáng): Ikhasi likhishwa epanini likawayini bese landlalwa ukuze lipholile — cishe imizuzu emi‑5. Lokhu kuvimbela umthelela omkhulu wokushisa.
• Ukubumba nokulinganisa (理条整形, lǐtiáo zhěngxíng): Izinga lokushisa kwepani likawayini lehliswa. Ikhasi libushelelezwa, lilungiswe, linikwe isimo esiyisicaba senalithi. Ngokwendabuko ukuze kufezwe ukubusheleleka kusetshenziswa imikhondo yengcina yemvelo yezinambuzane (虫蜡, chónglà) — inqubo yasendulo enikeza ubuso ‘obuyisibuko’.
• Ukuvula iphunga (提香, tíxiāng): Ukwelashwa okufushane nokushisa okuphezulu cishe ngo‑380 °C ngokuphenya ngokushesha. Inhloso — ukuqinisa nokukhulula izinto ezinuka mnandi, unike itiye iphunga elihlanzekile, elicacile. Umcubunguli kufanele alawule kahle isikhathi sokuthintana ukuze avimbe amanothi okushiswa.

6. Izimpawu Zezinzwa:

• Isimo sekhasi elomile esibonakalayo: Izinaliti eziyizicaba, eziqondile, ezibushelelezi, ezicijile (扁平滑直尖). Umbala — kusuka kokukhanyayo kuye kokuluhlaza okwesimaragidu (翠绿). Amabanga aphezulu kakhulu ambeswe ngoboya obumhlophe obuningi (白毫). Isimo sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu sifana ‘neso likaBuddha’ (佛眼).
• Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Elihlanzekile, elisha, eliphakeme. Amanothi ayisisekelo — i‑orchid (兰花, lánhuā) noju (蜜香, mì xiāng), ahlanganiswe nomsuka omncane oqhakazile.
• Iphunga lomhluzi: Elihle, le‑orchid, elinamanuansa aqhakazile nawesithelo. Iphunga liyakhula lapho inkomishi iphola, livuleka njengamagagasi.
• Ukunambitheka: Okusha, okunika amandla (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), okuhlanzekile nokubushelelezi (清醇甘滑, qīng chún gān huá). Umunyu omncane wokuqala uguquka ngokushesha ube ubumnandi obude bokubuyela i‑huígān (回甘). Ukunambitheka ‘kunamanzi’, kugcwele, kunobuncwebe obubonakalayo. Umunyu — uncane kakhulu.
• Umbala womhluzi: Oluhlaza ngokukhanyayo kuya okwe‑jade ethambile (翠绿明亮), obala, onokucwazimula ‘okubengezelayo’ okuphawulekayo.
• Phansi kwetiye (ikhasi eliphisiwe): Oluhlaza ngokuthambile, olufanayo, oluthambile. Amahlumela avuleka aphelele, ebonisa izinga lokuvuna elilinganayo. Izinga elikhethekile — amahlumela angawodwa, afana ‘nezinsiba’ ezincane eziluhlaza.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

• Ama‑polyphenol (茶多酚): Izinga liphezulu kakhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza ajwayelekile emathafeni, ngenxa yendawo esezintabeni eziphakeme, umisebe we‑UV onamandla nomehluko omkhulu wezinga lokushisa. Ingxenye eyinhloko — i‑EGCG.
• Ama‑amino acid (氨基酸): Izinga eliphezulu (elingaphezu kwesilinganiso samatiye aluhlaza), ikakhulukazi i‑L‑theanine — umphumela wobuningi benkungu, ukukhanya okusakazekile nobusuku obubandayo, okubambezeleka ukucekelwa phansi kwe‑theanine. Izinga eliphezulu lama‑amino acid lenza ukuva okusha, ubumnandi ‘nokuphuza amanzi’ kokunambitheka.
• Ama‑alkaloid: I‑caffeine — izinga elilinganiselayo; i‑theobromine ne‑theophylline — imicu emincane.
• Amavithamini: C (i‑ascorbic acid — izinga eliphezulu), B₂, E, K, i‑folic acid. U‑Vitamin C ematiyeni asezintabeni eziphakeme ulondolozeka kangcono ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphansi ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
• Amaminerali: I‑potassium, i‑magnesium, i‑manganese, i‑zinc, i‑phosphorus, i‑fluoride.
• Amafutha abalulekile: I‑linalool, i‑geraniol, i‑nerol, i‑benzyl alcohol — akha iphrofayili ye‑orchid‑eqhakazile. Isigaba se‑tíxiāng (提香) sokushisa okuphezulu siqinisa iphunga.
• Izici ezikhethekile: Ngenxa yesimiso se‑‘línchá gòngshēng’ (林茶共生, ‘ukuhlalisana kwehlathi netiye’), ikhasi linothiswa ngama‑phytoncides nezinsiza ezincane ezivela ezitshalweni ezingomakhelwane zokwelapha — uphawu oluqhamile lwendawo yase‑Éméi.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umsebenzi we‑antioxidant: Izinga eliphezulu lama‑catechin (EGCG) ne‑vitamin C linikeza ukuncipha okunamandla kwama‑free radical. Izindela zamaBuddha namaDaoist zase‑Éméishān ngokwendabuko zazithatha itiye njengendlela ‘yokuhlanza umzimba nokugcina ubuhle’ (排毒养颜, páidú yǎngyán).
• Ukuqinisa amandla nokugxilisa ingqondo: Inhlanganisela ye‑caffeine ne‑L‑theanine inikeza ukunyuka okuncane kwengqondo — ‘ukucaca kwengqondo’ (清心明目, qīngxīn míngmù), okwalunganiswa izindela amakhulu eminyaka ukwenzela ukuzindla.
• Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Ama‑polyphenol avuselela uketshezi lwama‑enzyme okugaya; ama‑tannin amancane anomthelela wokufinyeza.
• Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama‑catechin asiza ukwenza i‑cholesterol ibe yinto ejwayelekile nokugcina ithoni yemithambo yegazi.
• Ukuqinisa amazinyo: I‑fluoride nama‑catechin acindezela amagciwane abangela ukubola kwamazinyo. Isincomo sendabuko: ukuhlambulula umlomo ngomhluzi wetiye ngemuva kokudla.
• Ukuvimbela izifo: Ama‑polyphenol ne‑vitamin C athuthukisa imisebenzi yokuvikela yomzimba.
• Imetabolism: Itiye eliluhlaza lenyusa i‑thermogenesis nokushiswa kwamafutha. Izindela zase‑Éméishān zachaza lo mphumela ngokuthi ‘njalo uma uphuza kakhulu — ukukhanya komzimba’ (久服轻身, jiǔ fú qīng shēn).
• Izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane: Ama‑catechin anomsebenzi wokuvimbela amagciwane.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 85–90 °C. Ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ‘Chánxīn’ (禅心, amahlumela angawodwa) — 80–85 °C.
• Inani letiye: 3–5 g nge 150 ml (ingilazi); 5–7 g nge‑gàiwǎn 100–120 ml (i‑gōngfū).
• Izitsha: Ingilazi engumbhobho (玻璃杯) — ilungile ukubuka ‘umdanso’ wamahlumela: lapho kuphiswa izinga eliphezulu amahlumela alenga ame mpo futhi anyakaze, enza umbukwane ofana ‘namahlumela amancane ohlanga’. I‑gàiwǎn yobumba (盖碗) — ukulawula ukukhishwa nokwambulwa okuphelele kwephunga.
• Inqubo (isitayela se‑gōngfū):

1. Fudumeza i‑gàiwǎn nezinkomishi ngamanzi abilayo, uwakhiphe.
2. Faka 5–7 g wetiye. Donsa iphunga lekhasi elomile odongeni olufudunyeziwe.
3. Ukuphisa kokuqala: thela amanzi 85 °C ngomsebe oqondile (定点高冲, dìngdiǎn gāochōng). Phisa imizuzwana eyi‑10–15. Vula kancane isembozo ukuze kuphume umhwamuko ‘ongavuthiwe’ (开盖透气, kāigài tòuqì) — lokhu kuvimbela ukuvela kwamanothi ‘aphekiwe’.
4. Ukuphisa kwesibili nokulandelayo: yehlisa izinga lokushisa liye ku‑80 °C, uphise imizuzwana emi‑5–10.
5. Inani lokuphisa: 6–10 (amabanga aphezulu).

• Ingilazi (bēipào): 3–5 g nge 200 ml. Thela okwesithathu — linda — gcwalisela. Isilinganiso setiye/amanzi — 1:50.
• Okubalulekile: Ungaphisi isikhathi eside ngokweqile — uma kuphiseka ngokweqile iphunga le‑orchid liphenduka umunyu. Amanzi athambile anamaminerali aphansi agqamisa ubumnandi.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izinga lokushisa: 0–5 °C (esiqandisini), ngokuqinile ekupakisheni okuvaleke kakhulu. Kuyamukeleka — indawo epholile (kufika ku‑10 °C).
• Izitsha: Izikhwama ezingenalutho ezifakwe i‑foil, amathini ensimbi, ubumba olungaboni.
• Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, amaphunga angaphandle, umoya‑mpilo, ukushisa.
• Isikhathi esivumelekile: Linamandla amakhulu ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi‑6–12 ngemuva kokukhiqizwa. Amatiye asezintabeni eziphakeme ase‑Éméi anoboya obuningi azwelana kakhulu nokufakwa emoyeni — akufanele azilibazise isikhathi eside.

11. Intengo Nokwenziwa Okungamampunge:

• Isigaba sentengo: Ingxenye esezingeni eliphezulu. Uchungechunge lwe‑«Xuějì» (雪霁, ‘Ukucaca Kweqhwa’, izinga eliphezulu elisemthethweni) no‑«Chánxīn» (禅心, ‘Inhliziyo ye‑zen’, amahlumela angawodwa) — kusukela ku‑RMB 1000 nge‑jīn (500 g). Amabanga aphakathi «Ruìxīn» (睿心) no‑«Huìxīn» (慧欣) — RMB 400–800 nge‑jīn.
• Izici zentengo: Ukuphakama kokukhula (okuphakeme = ukubiza), izinga lezithako, ukuvuna ngesandla, ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni, ukuba ingxenye yesizinda sasemuva (ngaphakathi kwendawo evikelekile ye‑UNESCO).
• Ukwazi ukugwema okungewona amanga:
  • Thenga kubathengisi abagunyaziwe bo mkhiqizo oyi‑«Éméi Xuě Yá» (峨眉雪芽茶业集团, Éméi Xuěyá Cháyè Jítuán).
  • Hlola isimo: i‑Éméi Xuě Yá yangempela — izinaliti eziyizicaba, ezibushelelezi, ezicijile ezinobuso obuyisibuko noboya obuningi emabangeni aphezulu.
  • Naka iphunga: itiye langempela linephrofayili ye‑orchid emsulwa ngaphandle kwamanothi ‘okushiswe ngokweqile’ noma otshani.
  • Umhluzi kufanele ube obala, uluhlaza ngokuthambile, ungenakungcola.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo iwuphawu lokushintshwa kwezithako eziphuma emasimini asemathafeni angaphandle kwendawo yase‑Éméishān.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

• I‑Éméi Xuě Yá ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa avunwa ngokoqobo eqhweni. Ezingadini eziphakeme kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka‑1000 m) ekuqaleni kuka‑Ephreli iqhwa alikancibiliki ngokuphelele, kanti izindela zinyathela phezu kwengubo emhlophe, zikhipha amahlumela okuqala. Lo mcimbi waminyaka yonke othi «tàxuě zhāichá» (踏雪摘茶, ‘ukuvuna itiye eqhweni’) ungomunye wemibukwane yetiye ebukeka kahle kakhulu eShayina.
• U‑Lǐ Shàn enkombeni yakhe yasendulo ku‑«Zhāomíng Wénxuǎn» wachaza isenzakaliso esiyindida: amahlumela etiye eduze kwesigodlo i‑Hēishuǐsī (黑水寺) iminyaka emibili ilandelana ayenoboya obumhlophe, bese ngonyaka wesithathu eluhlaza, futhi lokhu kushintsha kwakungenakushiywa. Imvelo yalesi senzakaliso ayikachazwa nanamuhla.
• USū Dōngpō (苏东坡) wake waphisa itiye lase‑Éméi ngamanzi asuka emthonjeni i‑Huìquán ezakwabo ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kukahulumeni eHángzhōu futhi wabhala: «Fēn wú yù wǎn pěng Éméi» (分无玉碗捧峨眉 — «Ngiyazisola, anginayo indebe yejade ukuze nginikele i‑Éméi»).
• Imvelo yase‑Éméishān ihlanganisa izitshalo zasendulo (ama‑fern ayizihlahla, ama‑dawedia) kanye nezilwane eziyivelakancane kakhulu (i‑panda enkulu, inkawu ekhazimulayo). Izingadi zetiye zikhona ngokuhlalisana okuqondile naleli hlathi lasendulo — ‘línchá gòngshēng’ (林茶共生), okunika itiye umbala oyingqayizivele ‘wehlathi’ onobuncwebe.
• Ngowezi‑2013 i‑Éméi Xuě Yá ‘nezinhlobo zewayini elibomvu’ yayo u‑Jīněhóng (金峨红, ‘I‑Éméi Ebomvu Eyigolide’) bakhethwa njengamatiye asemthethweni amadina eGlobal Fortune Forum eChéngdū — enye yezinkundla ezinkulu zamabhizinisi emhlabeni.

13. Izinhlobonhlobo ze‑Éméi Xuě Yá:

Uchungechunge lwanamuhla luhlanganisa izinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

Uchungechunge olusemthethweni (有机茶系列, yǒujī chá xìliè):

• Xuějì (雪霁, Xuějì — ‘Ukucaca Kweqhwa’): Izinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Amahlumela amakhulu, ananyama angawodwa. Ukukhiqizwa okusemthethweni ngokuphelele ngokwamazinga omhlaba.
• Jìsōng (霁凇, Jìsōng — ‘Isithwathwa Seqanda’): Izinga eliphakathi. Ihlemba elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa.
• Yǔsōng (雨凇, Yǔsōng — ‘Isithwathwa Semvula’): Izinga eliyisisekelo. Izithako ezivuthiwe kakhudlwana, intengo efinyelelekayo.

Uchungechunge oluyingqayizivele lwetiye eliluhlaza (珍稀绿茶系列, zhēnxī lǜchá xìliè):

• Chánxīn (禅心, Chánxīn — ‘Inhliziyo ye‑zen’): Izinga elikhethekile — amahlumela angawodwa kuphela (独芽). Imvelo ‘yehlathi’ egqamile.
• Ruìxīn (睿心, Ruìxīn — ‘Inhliziyo Ehlakaniphile’): Izinga lokuqala. Ihlemba elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa.
• Huìxīn (慧欣, Huìxīn — ‘Injabulo Yokuhlakanipha’): Izinga lesibili. Ihlemba elilodwa namaqabunga amabili.

Kukhiqizwa futhi itiye elibomvu i‑Jīněhóng (金峨红) kanye nelijasmini i‑É Xiāng Xuě (峨香雪) — ukuqhubeka kochungechunge ngale kwephrofayili yakudala eluhlaza.

Ekuphetheni:

I‑Éméi Xuě Yá — itiye elizalwe lapho kuhlangana khona iqhwa nentwasahlobo, emahlathini lapho kuzulazula ama‑panda futhi kukhuleka izindela. Iminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu nesisiyingamakhulu amahlanu — kusukela kubacubunguli betiye bamaBuddha bokuqala beSuí neTáng kuze kufike eziqinisekisweni zanamuhla ezisemthethweni — lihlala lithembekile esimilweni salo: lihle, li‑orchid‑licacile, ‘liyiqhwa’ ngomqondo omqoka kakhulu — lihlanzekile futhi lisha, njengomoya wasezintabeni ngemuva kwesiphepho seqhwa. Lapho u‑Lù Yóu eqhathanisa i‑Éméi ne‑Gùzhǔ Zǐsǔn edumile waphetha ngokuthi i‑Éméi ‘ayinciphisi’, wayengathophi — wayemane eveza iqiniso. Leli tiye lifaneleke kakhulu kulowo ofuna etiyeni eliluhlaza hhayi amandla nokugcwala, kodwa ukucaca, ukusha nokujula okuthulile — lokho kuthula ‘kwentathakusa yasebusika eneqhwa’, okungenakulingiswa kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwase‑Éméishān.