Éméi Huáng Yá · new.thetea.app

Uhlobo: Itiye eliphuzi (黄茶, huángchá), elivutshelwe kancane. Lingaphansi kweqoqo elincane lamatiye aphuzi ezinhlumela (黄芽茶, huáng yá chá) — isigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni wamatiye aphuzi, okusebenzisa kuwo kuphela izinhlumela ezithambile noma izinhlumela ezinomhlumela owodwa osanda kuvuleka. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngenxa yomthamo omncane kakhulu wokukhiqiza kanye nokwaziswa okulinganiselwe kwezentengiselwano, i-Éméi Huáng Yá eminye imithombo ngephutha ibekwa phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza. Kodwa-ke igama ngokwalo elithi “Huáng Yá” (黄芽, “izinhlamvu eziphuzi”) likhomba ngokucacile ukuthi insukwini yamatiye aphuzi nokuba khona kwesinyathelo esibalulekile sokutshala (闷黄, mèn huáng) emjikelezweni wobuchwepheshe.
Isigaba: Amatiye aphuzi ayivelakancane ezifundeni zaseShayina. Itiye lomphakatsi lasendulo lamaBuddha, elihambisana namasonto.
Indawo yokusuka: iShayina, isifundazwe iSichuan (四川省, Sìchuān shěng), uMasipala waseLeshan (乐山市, Lèshān shì), intaba i-Emeishan (峨眉山, Éméi shān).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe 29°33′ enyakatho yendawo, 103°20′ empumalanga yendawo.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Intaba i-Emeishan ingenye yezikhungo zakudala zamatiye eShayina, ezinomlando wamatiye ongaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ngokwe-“Huayang guozhi” (《华阳国志》, Huáyáng guózhì) — iphepha lezomlando kanye nezwe lika-Chang Qu (常璩, Cháng Qú) lenkathi ye-Jin (IV weminyaka yamanje), isifunda saseNan’an (南安, Nán’ān, namuhla iLeshan) kanye neWuyang (武阳, Wǔyáng) zazidume ngokukhiqiza itiye elihle, kanti eningizimu yazo kwakuphakeme intaba i-Emeishan. Ngenkathi yeTang (唐, Táng, 618–907) isazi uLi Shan (李善, Lǐ Shàn) emibhalweni ecacisayo ye-“Zhaoming wenxuan” (《昭明文选注》) wabhala ukuthi e-Emeishan kumila izitshalo eziningi zokwelapha, kanti itiye likahle ngokukhethekile futhi “linjengokungenakuqhathaniswa ezweni lonke” (茶尤好，异于天下). Etempeleni lamaBuddha i-Heishuisi (黑水寺, Hēishuǐ sì) izindela zazilima itiye emadwaleni aphakeme, ziqaphela into emangalisayo: iminyaka emibili ilandelana izinhlumela zazimbozwe uboya obumhlophe, kanti ngonyaka wesithathu zazibushelelezi, ziluhlaza.

Ngenkathi yeSong (宋, Sòng, 960–1279) ukulinywa kwetiye e-Emeishan kwafinyelela ezingeni elibalulekile: amastela nezakhiwo zamaTao zashintsha izingadi zamatiye emithambekeni esukela kumamitha angama-800 kuye kwayi-2000. Imbongi uLu You (陆游, Lù Yóu) encwadini ethi “Izinkondlo zokubiliswa kwetiye” (《煮茶诗》) yathakasela: “Izinhlamvu ezimhlophe zitholakale eduze kwe-Emei — azihluleki ngisho nakwiipakeji ezibomvu zaseGuzhu” (雪芽近自峨眉得，不减红囊顾渚春). Ngenkathi yeMing (明, Míng) neQing (清, Qīng) amakhosi anika izingadi zamatiye amastela ase-Emeishan; itiye elihle kakhulu lasentwasahlobo lalithunyelwa minyaka yonke esigodlweni njenge-gongcha (贡茶, gòngchá, “umnikelo wetiye”).

I-Éméi Huáng Yá njengegama elihlukile ngokomlando lalixhumene nokukhiqizwa okuncane kwezindela, lapho izindela zamaBuddha zazisebenzisa izinhlumela ezikhethwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kusetshenziswa indlela yokutshala ekhona emasikweni aseSichuan amatiye aphuzi. Lolu hlobo lokwenza lwalukhona ngokuhambisana nendlela eyaziwa kakhulu yamatiye aluhlaza (峨眉雪芽, Éméi Xuěyá, “Izinhlamvu Eziqandisiwe zase-Emei”; 竹叶青, Zhúyèqīng, “Iqabunga Lomhlanga”), kodwa yahlala isendaweni encane futhi yadluliselwa kumuntu ngamunye oyincoko phakathi kwezindonga zamastela.
Igama:
- “Éméi” (峨眉) — libhekisele entabeni i-Emeishan. Umlingiswa 峨 (é) usho “okude, okubukekayo”, kanti 眉 (méi) usho “isihluzi”: iziqongo zezintaba, ngokomqondo wabadala, zazifana nezihluzi ezigoqiwe zentokazi enhle, lapho kusuka khona incazelo yezinkondlo ethi “Emei — ubuhle boMhlaba” (峨眉天下秀).
- “Huáng Yá” (黄芽) — “izinhlamvu eziphuzi”. Umlingiswa wokuqala 黄 (huáng, “-phuzi”) ukhomba ngqo esigabeni samatiye aphuzi kanye nombala ophuzi wegolide otholakala yizinhlumela ngesikhathi sokutshala. Umlingiswa wesibili 芽 (yá, “umhlumela, umqhele”) ugcizelela ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlumela ezingakavuleki kuphela — izithako ezithambile kakhulu neziyigugu.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Éméi Huáng Yá iyingcwenga umqondo we-chancha (禅茶, chánchá) — “itiye ne-zen kuyinto eyodwa” (禅茶一味, chán chá yī wèi). Emakhulwini eminyaka izindela zase-Emeishan zazibheka ukulima itiye njengendlela yokuzivocavoca ngokomoya: ukulungisa izingadi zamatiye, ukuqoqa izinhlamvu ekuseni, ukucubungula ngokungasheshi nokuphuza itiye ngokucabangisisa kwakuyingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokuphila yezindela. I-Emeishan ingenye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zamaBuddha zaseShayina (四大佛教名山, sì dà fójiào míngshān), indlu ka-bodhisattva uSamantabhadra (普贤菩萨, Pǔxián púsà), futhi lonke itiye elizalwa emithambekeni yaso liphethe uphawu lwaleli siko leminyaka eminingi lokomoya. Intaba ifakwe ohlwini lweziLwandle Zomhlaba ze-UNESCO (1996) ngesikhathi sinye njengendawo yemvelo neyamasiko — isikhundla esiyivelakancane.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezithako:

Izinhlobo / umhlumeli: Ekukhiqizeni i-Éméi Huáng Yá kusetshenziswa amaqabunga ezinhlobo zasendaweni zezitshalo zetiye ezinamaqabunga amancane (Camellia sinensis var. sinensis), ezijwayelene nezimo eziphakeme zase-Emeishan emakhulwini eminyaka. Lezi zixuku eziyivelakancane ziphawuleka ngamaqabunga amancane, aminyene, uboya obuningi ezinhlamvu kanye nezinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid, okubangelwa isikhathi eside sokuphumula kwasebusika kanye nokuvuka kancane kwentwasahlobo ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu zasezintabeni. Kwezinye izindawo kusetshenziswa nomhlumeli u-Fuding Da Bai (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dà Bái) kanye nokukhethwa kwawo kwasendaweni, okuthandwa ngenxa yezinhlamvu ezinkulu, eziyinyama.
Ukuvunwa: Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngokuvamile kusukela maphakathi noMashi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, kuncike ekuphakameni kwensimu kanye nezimo zezulu zonyaka othile. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu — izinsuku ezi-5–10 ngaphambi nangemva komkhosi we-Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng), okusho ngaphambi kuka-5 Ephreli. Itiye elivunwe ngaphambi kwe-Qingming (明前茶, míngqián chá) lithandwa kakhulu.
Izinga lokuvunwa: Izinhlumela ezingakavuleki zodwa (单芽, dān yá) noma umhlumela oncibilikile ohlanganiswe neqabunga elilodwa elisanda kuvuleka (一芽一叶初展, yī yá yī yè chū zhǎn). Ukukhiqiza i-jin eyodwa (斤, jīn, 500 g) yetiye eliphelele kudingeka cishe izinhlumela ezingama-40 000 kuya kwangama-50 000 ezikhethwe ngokukhethekile.
Izinga lezithako: Eliphezulu kakhulu. Izinhlumela kufanele zifane ngosayizi, ziphelele, zingalinyaziwe, zimbozwe uboya obuningi obusiliva. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngezandla ngesikhathi sasekuseni ngemva kokoma kwamazolo.

4. I-terroir Nezici Zokulinywa:

Intaba i-Emeishan: Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSichuan Basin, endaweni lapho kuguquka khona ukusuka emfuleni iYangtze kuye eThafeni laseTibet. Ukuphakama okuphezulu — umqongo we-Wanfoding (万佛顶, Wànfó dǐng), amamitha angama-3099 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Intaba iqonde ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu amakhilomitha ayi-105, indawo yonke yeqoqo lezintaba icishe ibe ngamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-154. I-Emeishan ingenye yezintaba ezine ezingcwele zamaBuddha zaseShayina futhi iyindawo yeGugu Lomhlaba leMvelo namaSiko ye-UNESCO. Izinhlobonhlobo eziyingqayizivele kwezemvelo: izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezi-3700 nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kwezi-2300, kuhlanganisa nezinhlobo eziyizinsali nezivelakancane.
Ukuphakama kokutshalwa: Izinsimu zamatiye zitholakala ikakhulukazi emamitheni angama-800–1500 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, endaweni ezungeze amastela i-Wanniansi (万年寺, Wànniánsì), i-Qingyinge (清音阁, Qīngyīngé), i-Bailongdong (白龙洞, Báilóngdòng) ne-Heishuisi. Leli banga lokuphakama linikeza ukulingana okuhle phakathi kokukhanya kwelanga okwanele nombhalo wamafu oqhubekayo.
Inhlabathi: Kuvame ukuba khona inhlabathi emuncu, ephuzi noma ensundu yasezintabeni (黄壤, huáng rǎng), eyakhelwe edwaleni le-basalt lenkathi yePermian. I-pH iphakathi kuka-4.5–6.0 — umklamo ofanele kahle wesihlahla setiye. Inhlabathi icebile ngemvelo, inokungeneka kwamanzi okuhle futhi equkethe i-ayoni, imanganisi ne-zinc ngobuningi, okuthonya ngqo ukwakheka kwamaminerali eqabunga letiye.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sithintekile yimonsuni, sinokuhlukana okuphakeme okuvela ezansi kuya esiqongweni — kusukela ezindaweni eziphansi zibambelele ezimeni ezingaphansi komhlaba ezipholile. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka emasimini (amamitha angama-800–1500) liphakathi kuka-10–15°C. Isilinganiso semvula sonyaka ezansi — cishe amamilimitha ayi-1555, esiqongweni — kufinyelela kwayi-1923. Umswakama womoya — cishe 85%. Intaba i-Emeishan ingenye yendawo ebizwa ngokuthi “Isiphephelo semvula saseNtshonalanga Sichuan” (华西雨屏, Huáxī yǔ píng) — indawo enemvula enkulu, eyakhiwe ukushayisana kwezingqimba zomoya ezifudumele nezithiyo zezintaba. Zivame ukuba khona inkungu (esiqongweni — kufinyelela ezinsukwini ezi-322 ngonyaka ezinokungu), ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile okuncane kakhulu kanye nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushisa kwasemini nokwasebusuku (12–18°C), okubambezela ukukhula kwezihlahla zetiye, kukhuthaze ukunqwabelana kwama-amino acid kanye nokwakhiwa kwephunga elihle neliyinkimbinkimbi.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Éméi Huáng Yá bulandela isimiso sakudala samatiye aphuzi ezinhlumela zaseSichuan futhi buhambisana kakhulu nezindlela zokwenza i-Mengding Huang Ya (蒙顶黄芽, Méngdǐng Huáng Yá) — okufana nayo kunazo zonke futhi edume kakhulu. Umehluko omkhulu emtiyeni oluhlaza yisinyathelo sokutshala (闷黄), esenza itiye libe lula, lisuse ukuqina futhi lenze “ubunzima” obujwayelekile. Amapharamitha aqondile angahluka kuye ngomlawuli, kodwa-ke ukulandelana okuvamile kwezinyathelo kuyimfuneko.

Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kwezinhlumela ezingazodwa noma “umhlumela + iqabunga elilodwa” ngezikhathi zasekuseni.
Ukwenza ukoma / Ukubeka (摊放 — tān fàng): Izithako ezivuniwe zibekwa ungqimba oluncane endaweni enomthunzi, engenisa umoya isikhathi esiyihora elilodwa kuya kwamabili ukuze kuhwamuke umswakama ongaphezulu futhi kuqalise izinqubo zama-enzyme.
“Ukubulawa kokuhlaza” (杀青 — shā qīng): Ukugazingwa isikhashana epanini lesinyithi (wok) ezingeni lokushisa elingu-180–200°C isikhathi esiyimizuzu eyi-1–2. Inhloso — ukuvala amandla ama-enzyme (ikakhulukazi i-polyphenol oxidase), ukumisa ukukhula okungalawuleki, ukususa iphunga elibuhlungu nokuthambisa ukuma kweqabunga ukuze kuqhubeke izinyathelo ezilandelayo.
Ukuvala kokuqala / Ukutshala (初包闷黄 — chū bāo mèn huáng): Isinyathelo esiyinhloko nesibalulekile, esenza itiye eliphuzi lehluke kweliluhlaza. Izinhlumela ezishisayo ngemva kwe-shaqing zigoqwa ngephepha le-kraft noma ngendwangu yekotini bese zibekwa endaweni efudumele (eduze komlilo noma ezikhabetheni zokhuni ezikhethekile) isikhathi esiyimizuzu engama-30–60. Ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa osele kanye nomswakama, kwenzeka ukungabikho kwe-oksijini kwe-polyphenol nokuqothuka kwe-chlorophyll, okubangela ukuba izinhlumela zibe nombala ophuzi wegolide, kuncishiswe ukuqina futhi kwakheke ukunambitheka okuthambile, okunoshukela.
Ukugazinga kabusha (复炒 — fù chǎo): Ukufudumeza okuncane ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi (100–120°C) ukuze kulinganiswe umswakama futhi kumiswe ukuma.
Ukutshala okwesibili (复包闷黄 — fù bāo mèn huáng): Ukugoqa kabusha nokugcina ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, okuqinisa uphawu oluhambisana netiye eliphuzi “eliwolintshi” lokunambitheka nokunuka.
Ukomisa (烘干 — hōng gān): Ukomisa ngezigaba eziningi ngezinga lokushisa elincipha kancane — kusukela ku-80–90°C kuya ku-50–60°C. Le ndlela “yokuqala ephezulu, bese kuba yaphansi” (先高后低, xiān gāo hòu dī) iqinisa iphunga, ifinyelela umswakama osezingeni elijwayelekile lika-5–6% futhi inikeza itiye “iphunga lesinkwa” (锅巴香, guōba xiāng) elincane elihambisana namatiye aphuzi aseSichuan.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Izinhlumela ziqondile, zilingene, zicabalele kancane, ubude obuyi-1,5–2 cm, zimbozwe uboya obuningi obusiliva-nobugolide. Umbala — kusukela kokuluhlaza okuphuzi okufudumele kuya kokugolide okuthambile okunomnyama omncinane we-olive. Izithako zifana, ziphelele, ngaphandle kwezingcezu ezaphukile.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Kufudumele, kumnandi, kunemisindo yotshani obusanda kusikwa, ama-chestnuts kanye nephunga elincane lezimbali. Lingenalo iphunga elihlabayo “lohlaza” elibuhlungu, okuvamile ezithakweni ezingacutshungulwanga — umphumela wokutshala.
Iphunga lomjovo: Lithambile, limelezele, linomsindo we-chestnut egazingiwe (板栗香, bǎnlì xiāng) omkhulu kanye namathoni ezimbali zasendle, uju kanye nokunambitheka okuncane kwe-vanilla. Lapho lihola, kuvela imisindo emincane yokusanhlamvu.
Ukunambitheka: Kuthambile, kumelezele, kunoshukela wemvelo okhanyayo futhi cishe kungabikho ubumuncu noma ubuhlungu ngokuphelele — uphawu oluhlukanisayo lwamatiye aphuzi ezinhlumela asezingeni eliphezulu. Ukunambitheka kuhlanzekile, kunomsindo ocacile wokusanhlamvu okumnandi nokuncane kwenadi. Ukunambitheka ngemva kokugwinya kuhlala isikhathi eside, ngobisi (回甘, huígān), kanye nokuncane kwe-mineral, okuphawulekayo endaweni ephakeme yase-Emeishan.
Umbala womjovo: Ohlanhlaza ophuzi onomsindo omuhle we-apricot, ocacile, okhanyayo. Ngokuthelwa okuphindaphindiwe umbala ungabapholisha kube yikhwanyana.
Iqembu lezimbali (iqabunga elibilisiwe): Izinhlumela eziphelele, ezikhukhumalile ezinombala olinganiselwe ophuzi nohlaza, zithambile futhi ziyakwazi ukunwebeka lapho zithintwa. Lapho uziphuza engilazini yeglasi, izinhlumela zishona kancane bese ziphakama emanzini, zidala umphumela obukekayo — “umdanso wezinhlumela” (芽舞, yá wǔ).

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Njenge tiye eliphuzi elivunwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo endaweni ephakeme, i-Éméi Huáng Yá inephrofayili eyingqayizivele yezinto eziphilayo:

I-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Izinga eliphansi kunamatiye aluhlaza anezithako ezifanayo (cishe 12–18% entweni eyomile), okubangelwa ukonakala okuyingxenye kwama-catechin ngesikhathi sokutshala. Yilokho okwenza ukunambitheka kube lula futhi kungabi buhlungu kakhulu.
Ama-amino acid (氨基酸, ānjī suān): Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid akhululekile — cishe 4–5%, okuphakeme kakhulu kunesilinganiso samatiye. Inani le-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjī suān) liphakeme kakhulu, okunesibopho somphumela wokuphumuza nokunambitheka kwe-“umami” okumnandi. Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid libangelwa yinhlanganisela yezinto ezintathu: i-terroir ephakeme (ukukhanya okuncane kwehlisa ukuguqulwa kwama-amino acid kube ngama-catechin), ukuvunwa kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kwezinhlumela kanye nomthelela wesinyathelo sokutshala.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — cishe 2–3% yesisindo esomile, okuhambisana nezinga elipholile (20–30 mg ngenani elijwayelekile lezithako). I-theobromine ne-theophylline zitholakala ngamanani amancane.
Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C (i-ascorbic acid) — ngamanani aphakathi nendawo (aphansi kunamatiye aluhlaza, ngenxa yokonakala okuyingxenye ngesikhathi sokutshala); amavithamini eqembu B (B1, B2, B6); i-vitamin E (i-tocopherol).
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-ayoni, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride, i-selenium. Iphrofayili yamaminerali yacebiswa ngenxa yomhlabathi we-basalt ovela entabeni-mlilo e-Emeishan.
Amafutha abalulekile namakhemikhali anuka kamnandi: Okuvamile ematiyeni aphuzi: kugcanyiswa izingxenye zama-hydrocarbon, ama-alcohol, ama-ketone kanye ne-ester, okwakha umsindo ojwayelekile “wesinkwa esimnandi” (锅巴香). Izinga le-chlorophyll lincishisiwe uma liqhathaniswa namatiye aluhlaza, okuthonya umbala wegolide.

8. Izihlungi Ezinhle:

Umphumela othambile wokuvuselela: Inhlanganisela yecaffeine esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo kanye ne-L-theanine eningi inikeza ukuvuka okuthulile, okuqhubekayo ngaphandle kokuphakama okukhulu nokuwa okulandelayo — okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuphapha okuhlanzekile” (清醒, qīngxǐng).
Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-catechin ne-polyphenol asusa amafri-radical akhululekile, ebambezela izinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli futhi anciphisa ubungozi bokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative.
Umphumela omuhle ekugayekeni kokudla: Amatiye aphuzi ngokwesiko abonwa njengawona “amainyoni ngezisu” (养胃, yǎng wèi) phakathi kwazo zonke izigaba zetiye. Inqubo yokutshala inciphisa izinga lama-catechin anolaka, okwenza i-Éméi Huáng Yá ibe yisiphuzo esifanele kubantu abanogesi olubuthakathaka.
Ukwesekwa kwemisebenzi yokuqonda: I-L-theanine inceda ekukhiqizweni kwamaza e-alpha ebuchosheni, ithuthukise ukugxilisa ingqondo, inkumbulo kanye nekhono lokufunda.
Uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo: I-polyphenol yetiye inceda ukulungisa izinga le-cholesterol nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo.
Ukuqinisa ukungatheleki: Uhlanganisela lwamavithamini, amaminerali kanye nama-antioxidant lukhuphula ukumelana komzimba jikelele.
Ukuphumuza nokususa ukucindezeleka: Izinga eliphezulu le-theanine linomphumela wokunciphisa ukukhathazeka, linciphise izinga le-cortisol futhi likhuthaze isimo sokugxila okuthulile — ikhwalithi eyayithandwa kakhulu yizindela zamaBuddha zase-Emeishan ezinkambisweni zokucabangisisa.

9. Ukulungiselela:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: 80–85°C. Akufanele kusetshenziswe amanzi abilayo — izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lizobhubhisa iphunga elicwengile futhi likhulise ukubaba okungadingeki.
Inani letiye: 3–4 g ku-150 ml wamanzi (nge-gaiwan) noma 2–3 g ku-200 ml (ngengilazi yeglasi).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi noma indebe (玻璃杯, bōlí bēi) — ivumela ukubuka “umdanso wezinhlumela”; i-gaiwan yobumba (盖碗, gàiwǎn) — ukuze kuvezwe iphunga ngokugcwele; ithipoti yobumba yomthamo omncane.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo bese uyawakhipha.
2. Thela itiye. Lapho ulisebenzisa engilazini, kunconywa indlela “yokuthela okuphakathi” (中投法, zhōng tóu fǎ): thela ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yamanzi, faka izinhlumela, linda imizuzwana engama-30, bese uthela amanzi asele.
3. Ukuhlambulula (润茶, rùn chá) kuyafuneka, kodwa akudingekile: thela ngokushesha imizuzwana engu-3–5 ukuze “uvuse” itiye.
4. Ukuthela kokuqala — ukumisa imizuzu engama-40–60 (ku-gaiwan) noma imizuzu eyi-2–3 (engilazini).
5. Ukuthela okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana eyi-10–15 ngokuthela ngakunye.
6. Itiye likwazi ukumelana nokuthela okunezinguquko ezi-4–6, kuncike ezithakweni nasezitsheni.

10. Isitoreji:

Njengawo wonke amatiye aphuzi, i-Éméi Huáng Yá ingaphansi kwesigaba samatiye anesikhathi esilinganiselwe sokugcinwa, angahloselwe ukuguga.

Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle kakhulu — efrijini ku-0–5°C. Kuvumelekile ukugcinwa ezingeni lokushisa legumbi endlini epholile (akukho ngaphezu kuka-20°C), kodwa isikhathi sokuphila sincipha.
Isiqukathi: Esivalekayo, esingavuni. Okuhle kakhulu — ukupakishwa okuvaliwe okungenawo umoya okwenziwe nge-foil enezingqimba eziningi, okuhlukaniswe ngezikwama ezilinganisiwe. Kuvumelekile amathini ensimbi noma iziqukathi zobumba ezinesembozo esiqinile.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, iphunga langaphandle, umoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Itiye eliphuzi lizwela kakhulu ekukhuphukeni kwe-oksijini nasekulahlekelweni kwephunga.
Isikhathi sokugcina: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele (umoya-mpilo olungile, efrijini) — kufinyelela ezinyangeni eziyi-12–18. Ngokugcinwa kwezinga legumbi, kunconywa ukusetshenziswa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-6–8. Itiye elisha lonyaka oseqophelweni — lihlezi likhethwa.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

Isigaba sentengo: Ephezulu. I-Éméi Huáng Yá — itiye eliyivelakancane elinomthamo omncane kakhulu wokukhiqiza, okwenza intengo yalo ibe phezulu kunesilinganiso samatiye aphuzi. Intengo ethengiswayo emakethe yasekhaya yaseShayina — kusukela ku-RMB 800 kuya kwangu-3000 ngama-500 g, kuncike enyakeni yokuvunwa, ezingeni lezithako kanye nodumo lomkhiqizi. Ngaphandle kweShayina, ukuthola i-Éméi Huáng Yá eyiqiniso kunzima kakhulu — cishe ayitholakali ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Indlela yokugwema izinto zomgunyathi:
- Thenga kuphela kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe, abagxile ematiyeni aseShayina ayivelakancane, noma ngqo kubakhiqizi base-Emeishan.
- Hlola ukubukeka: i-Éméi Huáng Yá yangempela iqukethe izinhlumela eziphelele, ezilinganayo, ezimbozwe uboya ezinombala wegolide noluhlaza. Ukuba khona kwamaqabunga aphukile, iziqu noma ukungahlukani — kuyizimpawu zekhwalithi ephansi noma yomgunyathi.
- Hlola iphunga: itiye eliphuzi langempela linomsindo ofudumele, omnandi, “wesinkwa”. Iphunga elihlabayo lobuhlaza likhomba itiye eliluhlaza, elenziwa njalo lingathi liwolintshi.
- Hlola umjovo: umbala kufanele uhlanzekile, uphuzi ngokukhanyayo, hhayi oluhlaza okukhanyayo. Ukunambitheka — kuthambile, ngaphandle kokuqina okuvelayo.
- Qaphela intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo: itiye eliphuzi lezinhlumela langempela alikwazi ukubiza kancane, njengoba kucatshangelwa ubunzima bokuvuna ngesandla nobunzima bobuchwepheshe.

12. Izinto Ezihehayo:

Intaba i-Emeishan iyindawo eyodwa kuphela eShayina lapho isiko letiye lakhula ngokuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwesiko lezindela lamaBuddha isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyi-1500. Ngisho nomgomo “wokulima kwe-zen” (农禅, nóng chán), lapho umsebenzi womzimba engadini yetiye wawulinganiswa nokucabangisisa, waqala khona ezakhiweni zalolu hlobo.
E-Emeishan izinsalela zezihlahla zetiye zasendle zisatholakala, iminyaka yazo, ngokwezilinganiso ezahlukene, ingaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane — amangqina aphilayo eminyaka eminingi yokulima itiye kule ndawo.
Igama elithi “Emei” lisetshenziswa olimini lwesiShayina njengesithombe sezinkondlo esivamile: “emei” lisho “amashiya amahle wentokazi”, futhi ngomqondo obanzi — ukumela ubuhle besifazane obuphucukile. Imbongi uLi Bai (李白, Lǐ Bái) enkondleni ethi “Ukukhanya kwenyanga ngaphezu kwe-Emeishan” (峨眉山月歌) wasebenzisa lesi sithombe, wahlala exhumanisa intaba nesiko lezinkondlo laseShayina.
Ngenxa yomthamo omncane kakhulu wokukhiqiza nokungabikho komkhiqizo osemthethweni, i-Éméi Huáng Yá ivamise ukuba “itiye eliyisipoki”: abalaziyo ngegama, kodwa bambalwa abake basizwa isampula yangempela. Izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezithengiswa ngaleli gama empeleni ziyitiye eliluhlaza lase-Emeishan, elingazange lidlule esinyathelweni sokutshala.
I-ecosystem eyingqayizivele yase-Emeishan enezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaphezu kwezi-3700 nezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kwezi-2300 ihlanganisa izinsali ezinjenge-giant salamander (大鲵, dà ní), isihlahla sejuba (珙桐, gǒng tóng) kanye nesihlahla se-ginkgo (银杏, yínxìng). Izingadi zamatiye zikhona kule biosphere njengengxenye yemvelo yesembozo sehlathi, hhayi njengezinsimu zokulinywa kwesilimo esisodwa, okunomthelela omuhle kukhwalithi yeqabunga letiye.

13. Ukuqhathanisa Namanye Amatiye Aphuzi:

I-Mengding Huang Ya (蒙顶黄芽, Méngdǐng Huáng Yá): Okufana nayo okuseduze — iphinde ibe itiye eliphuzi lezinhlumela laseSichuan, kodwa elikhiqizwa entabeni i-Mengdingshan (蒙顶山) esifundeni saseMingshan (名山). I-Mengding Huang Ya idume kakhulu, inesimo se-gongcha kusukela enkathini yeTang, ubuchwepheshe obusemthethweni kanye nokukhiqizwa okubanzi kwezentengiselwano. Ngokunambitheka — “iminene” futhi igcwele, inomsindo ocacile we-nati. I-Éméi Huáng Yá, ngokuphambene, iyacwebileka, inomsindo omncane futhi inomsindo wezimbali obonakalayo kakhudlwana, okuchazwa umehluko we-terroir (umswakama ophakeme kakhulu namafu e-Emeishan).
I-Junshan Yinzhen (君山银针, Jūnshān Yínzhēn): Itiye eliphuzi elidumile laseHunan elivela esiqhingini iJunshan eChibini iDongting (洞庭湖). Izithako — izinhlumela ezingazodwa kuphela. Ihluke ku-Éméi Huáng Yá ngokuma okuqhubekayo, okufana nesinalithi, umbala wegolide kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kwe-apricot okuhambisanayo. Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala e-Junshan buthatha isikhathi eside futhi bunezigaba eziningi.
I-Huoshan Huang Ya (霍山黄芽, Huòshān Huáng Yá): Itiye eliphuzi elivela esifundazweni i-Anhui (安徽). Izithako — umhlumela oneqabunga elilodwa. Iphunga lisha kakhulu, “luhlaza”, linomthelela omncane wokutshala kunamatiye aphuzi aseSichuan. Ukunambitheka komile futhi “kuhlanzekile”, kuneminerali ebonakalayo.
I-Mogan Huang Ya (莫干黄芽, Mògān Huáng Yá): Itiye eliphuzi elivela esifundazweni iZhejiang (浙江), entabeni iMoganshan. Lithambile ngokuphawulekayo, linobumnandi “bezinyoni” (嫩玉米味), okuphawulekayo ematiyeni aphuzi aseZhejiang. Uma kuqhathaniswa, i-Éméi Huáng Yá iyinkimbinkimbi, inophrofayili ocebile we-chestnut.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Éméi Huáng Yá — enye yamatiye aphuzi angaba yimfihlakalo futhi akutholakali kalula eShayina, azalwa emahlathini anamafu entabeni engcwele i-Emeishan, lapho izindela zamaBuddha zazilima izingadi zamatiye isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba itiye libe umkhiqizo wokuthengisa. Leli tiye alifuni ukwaziwa: likhona endaweni lapho ukuzivocavoca ngokomoya kuhlangana khona nobuciko bezandla, buthule ezindongeni zamastela, lapho iqoqo ngalinye lilincane, futhi umhlumela ngamunye uvuniwe ngokuqaphela okucabangisisayo.

Kumthandi onenhlanhla yokuthola i-Éméi Huáng Yá yangempela, leli yithuba eliyivelakancane lokuthinta omunye wamasiko amancane kakhulu amatiye aseSichuan — ukunambitheka okuthambile, okumelezele, umjovo wegolide kanye nephunga elicwengile le-chestnut nezimbali kwembula umlingiswa wentaba, inkulumo yayo elula: “Emei — ubuhle boMhlaba”. Leli tiye lenzelwe ukuphuza itiye ngokungasheshi, ngokucabangisisa — ngqo phezu komoya we-chancha, elingakhelwe wona.