Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn · new.thetea.app

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavutshiwe, 绿茶, lǜchá). Izinga le-oxidation lingaphansi kuka-5%.
Isigaba: Amatiye adumile aseShayina (中国十大名茶, Zhōngguó shí dà míngchá). Elinye lamatiye ayishumi amakhulu aseShayina, umkhiqizo onokuvikelwa kwendawo (地理标志产品, dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn), amagugu angaphatheki e-PRC.
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseJiangsu (江苏, Jiāngsū), idolobha laseSuzhou (苏州, Sūzhōu), isifunda saseWuzhong (吴中区, Wúzhōng qū). Ikhiqizwa kuphela ezintabeni zaseDongting (洞庭山, Dòngtíng shān) — iDongting Dongshan (洞庭东山, Dòngtíng Dōngshān, “Intaba yaseMpumalanga yaseDongting”, inhlonhlo, manje idolobhana laseDongshan) kanye neDongting Xishan (洞庭西山, Dòngtíng Xīshān, “Intaba yaseNtshonalanga yaseDongting”, isiqhingi eChibini iTaihu, manje idolobhana laseJinting, 金庭镇). Itiye elikhiqizwe ngaphandle kwalezi zindawo ezimbili, ngokwezinga likazwelonke, alikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi “洞庭碧螺春”.
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: Cishe u-31°03′ N, 120°22′ E (indawo yeChibi iTaihu, 太湖, Tàihú).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ukulima itiye ezintabeni zaseDongting kulandela umlando kusukela esikhathini samaDynasties ayisithupha (六朝, Liùcháo, III–VI eminyaka), okwenza leli siko libe neminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Ngesikhathi seTang (唐, Táng, 618–907), itiye laseDongting likhulunywa ngalo encwadini yakudala kaLu Yu ethi “I-Canon yetiye” (茶经, Cháijīng), kanti izimbongi uPĩ Rìxiū (皮日休, Pí Rìxiū) noLù Guīméng (陆龟蒙, Lù Guīméng) badumisa izintaba zetiye zaseTaihu. Ngesikhathi seSong (宋, Sòng, 960–1279), itiye laseDongting elithi “Shuǐyuè” (水月茶, Shuǐyuè chá) lase linikelwa enkantolo njenge-gòngchá (贡茶, gòngchá, “umnikelo wetiye”). Ngesikhathi seMing (明, Míng, 1368–1644), kwakuthunyelwa i-“Yúnwù chá” (云雾茶) kanye ne-“Yǔqián míngyá” (雨前茗芽). Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seQing (清, Qīng, 1644–1912), itiye lathola isimo esiseduze nesimanje, futhi laziwa ngegama lesintu elithi “Xiàshàrénxiāng” (吓煞人香, Xiàshàrénxiāng), okungahunyushwa ngokuthi “Iphunga elimangalisayo”. Ngokwe-“柳南随笔” (Liǔnán suíbǐ) kaWang Yingkui (王应奎, Wáng Yìngkuí), ngonyaka wama-38 wokubusa kukaKangxi (康熙三十八年, 1699) umbusi, ehambela eningizimu (南巡, nánxún), wanambitha itiye laseDongting elalinikelwe isikhulu saseSuzhou uSong Luo (宋荦, Sòng Luò). UKangxi wathola igama lesintu elithi “Xiàshàrénxiāng” lingesihle kakhulu futhi wanikeza itiye igama elithi “Bìluóchūn” (碧螺春, Bìluóchūn) — “Ama-spiral aseNtwasahlobo ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka”. Kusukela lapho, itiye lalinikelwa enkantolo njalo ngonyaka njenge-gòngchá.
Igama:
- 碧 (bì) — luhlaza okotshani, okwe-jade. Kubonisa umbala wokumnandi kanye namaqabunga amancane, futhi, ngokomunye umbono, kubhekisela entabeni i-Bìluó fēng (碧螺峰) e-Dongting Dongshan.
- 螺 (luó) — umnenke, i-spiral. Kubonisa isimo esijwayelekile samacembe asontwe ngokuqinile, afana nezimbaza ezincane.
- 春 (chūn) — intwasahlobo. Kufanekisela ukuvunwa kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho kuqoqwa khona amahlumela athambile kakhulu futhi abalulekile.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Bìluóchūn ingelinye lamafanekiso aziwa kakhulu esiko letiye laseJiangnan (江南, Jiāngnán, “eningizimu yoMfula iYangtze”). Isazi se-Qing uGong Zizhen (龚自珍, Gōng Zìzhēn), yena uqobo odabuka eHangzhou — ikhaya le-Longjing — wabhala: “Phakathi kwamatiye, itiye laseDongting — i-Bìluóchūn — lingelokuqala ezweni; abantu basendulo babengalazi.” Ngo-2011, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Bìluóchūn ngesandla babhaliswa ohlwini lwamagugu angaphatheki e-PRC (国家级非物质文化遗产, Guójiājí fēi wùzhì wénhuà yíchǎn). Ngo-2020, i-agroecosystem yezivande zezithelo zetiye zaseDongting yaqashelwa njengeLifa elibalulekile lezoLimo laseShayina (中国重要农业文化遗产, Zhōngguó zhòngyào nóngyè wénhuà yíchǎn), kanti itiye ngokwalo lathola isitifiketi se-“Geographical Indication yeZolimo” (农产品地理标志).

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezisetshenziswayo:

Uhlobo / Cultivar: Kusetshenziswa uhlobo lwendawo olunamaqabunga amancane — i-Dongtingshan Quntizhong (洞庭山群体小叶种, Dòngtíngshān qúntǐ xiǎoyèzhǒng, “uhlobo olunamaqabunga amancane lwezintaba zaseDongting”), okuyi-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Lokhu kungumphumela wokukhethwa kwemvelo kanye nokwesintu emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhethekile zemvelo yesiqhingi nengenhlocho echibini. Amaqabunga mancane, athambile, anamazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid kanye nephrofayili yephunga elezithelo nezimbali.
Ukuvuna: Kuqala ngesikhathi seChunfen (春分, Chūnfēn, “ukulingana kwentwasahlobo”, ~20–21 Mashi) futhi kuphele cishe ngesikhathi seGuyu (谷雨, Gǔyǔ, “izimvula zokudla okusanhlamvu”, ~20 Ephreli). Inani eliphakeme kakhulu linikezwa itiye le-“míngqián” (明前茶, míngqián chá), elivunwa ngaphambi komkhosi we-Qingming (清明, Qīngmíng, ~5 Ephreli). Ngemuva kuka-20 Ephreli, itiye ngokwesiko lendawo alisabizwa ngokuthi “Bìluóchūn”, kodwa libizwa ngokuthi “chǎoqīng” (炒青, chǎoqīng, “umbala ohlaza othosiwe”).
Izinga lokuvuna: Kuvunwa amahlumela athambile kakhulu, asanda kuvuleka kanye neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili angaphezulu, embozwe uboya besiliva (白毫, báiháo). Ubude behlumela kanye neqabunga — 1.6–2.0 cm, isimo sibizwa ngokuthi “quèshé” (雀舌, quèshé, “ulimi lwendlazi”). Ukuze kukhiqizwe amagremu angama-500 e-Bìluóchūn esezingeni eliphezulu, kudingeka amahlumela aphakathi kuka-68,000 no-74,000; ngokomlando, amaqoqo abhalwe ukuthi aqukethe amahlumela afinyelela ku-90,000 nge-500 g.
Izidingo zezinto ezisetshenziswayo: Ziqine kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa kuphela amahlumela afanayo, angonakalisiwe kanye namaqabunga; ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesikhathi esomile, emahoreni asekuseni apholile. Kunezimiso ezintathu zokuvuna: “kuvunwe kusenesikhathi” (摘得早), “kuthanjiswe” (采得嫩), “kuhlanzwe” (拣得净).

4. Indawo Yetshe kanye Nezici Zokutshalwa:

Isimo sezulu esikhethekile: Izintaba zaseDongting — inhlonhlo (Dongshan) kanye nesiqhingi (Xishan) eChibini iTaihu — zizungezwe amanzi ezinhlangothini ezintathu noma ezine. Inkungu yechibi, ubusika obufudumele, ihlobo elipholile, ukutholakala okuningi kokukhanya kwelanga okuphazamisekile kanye nomswakama ophezulu kudala indawo abantu baseSuzhou abayichaza ngefomula ethi “ebusika akubandi kakhulu, ehlobo akushisi kakhulu” (冬暖夏凉). Umoya uhlanzekile, ikhwalithi yamanzi — izinga likazwelonke lokuqala.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi ebomvu (红土壤, hóngtǔrǎng) ejwayelekile kule ndawo, enamazinga aphezulu e-organic kanye namaminerali, i-acidic kancane (pH 4.5–6.0), idonsa kahle amanzi, ngisho noma imanzi ihlala ivuma umoya. Lokhu kuyi-substrate efanele kahle yehlathi letiye.
Izivande zezithelo zetiye (茶果间种, cháguǒ jiānzhòng): Isici esibalulekile sendawo yaseDongting. Amahlathi etiye atshalwe ehlangene nezihlahla zezithelo — i-mushmula (枇杷, pípá), i-mandarin (柑桔, gānjú), i-bayberry yaseShayina (杨梅, yángméi), iplamu (梅, méi), ipentshisi, ibhilikosi, ikhaki, ihalananda, i-ginkgo. Izimpande ziyahlangana, imiqhele yezihlahla idala umthunzi ophazamisekile, ivikela ihlathi letiye ekukhanyeni kwelanga okuqondile futhi inikele ekuqongeleleni ama-amino acid. Iphunga lezihlahla eziqhakazayo lingena ekhasini letiye, lakha “ukunambitheka kwezimbali nezithelo” (花香果味, huāxiāng guǒwèi) okudumile — uphawu lwe-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn, olungekho kuzo zonke izinto ezilingisayo ezingekho ngaphandle kwendawo.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Izintaba zaseDongting aziphakeme — zifinyelela ku-300–350 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle; isimo sezulu sechibi kanye nenkungu eminyene yikhona okuhlawumbisela ukuphakama.
Indawo kanye nomthamo wokukhiqiza: Indawo yokukhiqiza ilinganiselwe kakhulu; isamba sendawo yamasimu etiye eDongshan naseXishan sincane. Umthamo wonyaka we-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yangempela ulinganiselwa kumathani ayi-100–120 — lokhu cishe kungu-0.2% kuphela walo lonke itiye elithengiswa ngegama elithi “Bìluóchūn” eShayina.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yangempela kuyinqubo yezandla ngokuphelele, eqashelwa njengamagugu angaphatheki e-PRC. Ubuchwepheshe buhlukile ngokuthi ukuthosa, ukusonta, ukwakha kanye nokomisa kwenzeka ebhodweni elilodwa (锅, guō), cishe ngaphandle kokuphumula.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Kuchazwe ngenhla. Kwenziwa emahoreni asekuseni apholile.
Ukuhlukanisa nokuhlela (拣剔, jiǎntī): Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlungwa kahle, kususwa amaqabunga onakele nalawo angahambisani nezinga. Inhloso — ukufana okuphelele kwezinto.
Ukubuna (摊放, tānfàng): Izinto ezihlungiwe zendlalwa ngobuncane emthunzini ezisefeni ze-bamboo amahora amathathu kuya kwamahlanu ukuze kususwe umswakama ongaphezulu, kubune kancane futhi kwaqale ukwakheka kwephunga.
“Ukubulawa kombala ohlaza” ngezinga lokushisa eliphezulu (高温杀青, gāowēn shāqīng): Isigaba esibalulekile. Ebhodweni elisitsheke elishise kakhulu (izinga lokushisa elingaphansi ~190–200 °C), kufakwa amagramu angama-500–700 ezinto ezibunisiwe. Umcubunguli ngezandla ezingenalutho uxova amaqabunga, amise ukusebenza kwama-enzyme futhi alungise umbala ohlaza. Iphunga elihlaza lokhula linyamalala, iphunga lezimbali liqala ukuvela.
Ukusonta nokwakha (揉捻整形, róuniǎn zhěngxíng): Ngaphandle kokukhipha ebhodweni, izinga lokushisa lehliswa kancane. Umcubunguli uxova, anyakazise futhi asonte amaqabunga, ewanika isimo sokuqala se-spiral. Izinyakazo kufanele zibe mnene, ukuze kugcinwe ubunjalo boboya futhi kungatholi amaqabunga aphukile. Isikhathi — cishe imizuzu eyi-12–15.
Ukusontela ebholeni nokuvezwa koboya (搓团显毫, cuōtuán xiǎnháo): Isigaba esivelele kunazo zonke se-Bìluóchūn. Izinga lokushisa lehliswa kufike ku-120–150 °C. Umcubunguli uthatha itiye ngezingxenye ezintendeni zakhe, alisontela libe amabhola aqinile ama-spiral, bese elandlala ezindongeni zebhodwe, aphinde alisontela — kaningi. Yilapha lapho amacembe ethola khona isimo sokugcina sama-spiral aqinile (“imiqanso yezinyosi”, 蜜蜂腿, mìfēng tuǐ), kanti uboya obumhlophe buvela ngaphandle. Umgomo: “kuqala okulula, bese kuba nzima, bese kuba lula futhi” — uma umfutho mkhulu, uboya buyawa; uma ungenela, i-spiral ayikheki. Isikhathi — cishe imizuzu eyi-10.
Ukomisa ngomlilo ophansi (文火干燥, wénhuǒ gānzào): Izinga lokushisa lehliswa kufike ku-50–60 °C. Itiye ligudluzwa ngobumnene kuze kube yilapho umswakama ufinyelela ku-7%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo siyaqiniswa futhi iphunga liyagxilwa.
Ukapholisa nokupakisha: Itiye elilungile likhishwa ebhodweni, lipholiswe futhi lipakishwe ngokushesha esikhwameni esivaleka ngomoya.

6. Izici Eziphathelene Nokunambitha:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amacembe amancane, aphucuzekile, asontwe ngokuqinile aba ama-spiral, afana nezimbaza zomnkankane noma “imiqanso yezinyosi” (铜丝条, tóngsītiáo, “ucingo lwethusi”). Embozwe ngobuningi uboya besiliva obumhlophe (白毫显露). Umbala — usasiliva oluhlaza notshani obuluhlaza okwe-jade (银绿隐翠, yínlǜ yǐncuì).
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Linamandla, linezendlalelo eziningi: phambili — izimbali ezintsha (ijasmine, izimbali zasengadini), okwesibili — izithelo (ipentshisi, ibhilikosi, imushmula), okwesithathu — ukunambitheka kancane kukakhilimu noju. Yilokho okuyithoni yemvelo “yezimbali nezithelo” (花香果味) okuwuphawu lomvelaphi waseDongting.
Iphunga lomniki: Likhanyayo, lihlanzekile, linoshukela wezimbali, linezinambitheka zoju nezithelo; iphunga lihlala liqinile kusukela ekuhlambululeni kokuqala kuya kokugcina.
Ukunambitheka: Okuthambileyo, okuthambile, okusha, okunoshukela (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), ngaphandle kokubaba okubi kanye nokuqina. Ubumnandi obumqoka bama-amino acid (回甘, huígān) kanye nomthelela oqabulayo (生津, shēngjīn). Isici esikhethekile: ekuhlambululeni kokuqala ukunambitheka kumnene futhi kuntekenteke; kwesesibili nesesithathu — kugcwele futhi kunothile; amathoni “ezimbali nezithelo” akhona kuwo wonke umhlangano.
Umbala womniki: Uluhlaza okotshani obumnene onombala omncane ophuzi (嫩绿, nèn lǜ), okhanyayo, okhanyayo, ohlanzekile. Ezinhlobonhlobo eziphakeme — unokukhanya okuncane okuluhlaza okwe-jade.
Inhlansi yetiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Amahlumela kanye namaqabunga athambile, aphelele, athambile; umbala — uluhlaza okotshani okulinganayo (嫩黄绿明亮); amahlumela ngamanye abonakala kahle.

7. Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali:

I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn ihluke ngamazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid kanye ne-complex yephunga eqavile, okubangelwa uhlobo olunamaqabunga amancane, umthunzi wezihlahla zezithelo kanye nokuvunwa kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.

Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚, chá duōfēn): Isamba — cishe u-15–20% wesisindo esomile (ngokwemininingwane yocwaningo oluthile — kufinyelela ku-11.1 g/100 g). Ama-catechin aphambili: i-epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), i-epicatechin-gallate (ECG), i-epicatechin (EC). Isilinganiso sama-polyphenol kuma-amino acid siphansi kunasematiye amaningi aluhlaza, okwenza ukunambitheka kube mnene.
Ama-Amino acid (氨基酸, ānjīsuān): Isamba — cishe i-2.9 g/100 g (2,916.29 mg/100 g ngokocwaningo lwelebhu), okudlula amazinga e-Huángshān Máofēng ne-Lúshān Yúnwù. I-L-theanine (L-茶氨酸, L-chá ānjīsuān) iyona ehamba phambili, enomthwalo wokunambitheka okunoshukela, amanothi e-“umami” kanye nomthelela wokuphumuza.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine (咖啡碱, kāfēi jiǎn) — 2–4% wesisindo esomile, okuhambisana nezinga elijwayelekile lamatiye aluhlaza asentwasahlobo; i-theobromine ne-theophylline — ngamanani amancane.
Amafutha abalulekile nezinhlanganisela ezinuka kamnandi: Ucwaningo lwembule ukuba khona kwezakhi ezingama-42 ephunga le-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn, okuhlanganisa ama-alcohol ayi-11, izinhlanganisela eziyi-7 eziqukethe i-nitrogen heterocyclic, ama-aldehyde ayi-6, ama-terpene ayi-5, ama-acid ama-3, ama-ketone ama-2 nezinye izinto. Yiqhuzu leli lamakha ayinkimbinkimbi elihlukanisa itiye langempela laseDongting kwezokulingisa.
Amavithamini: I-Ascorbic acid (ivithamini C), amavithamini eqembu B, ivithamini A (ama-carotenoid) — izinga le-vitamin A liphakeme kunasematiyeni abomvu namnyama.
Amaminerali: I-Fluoride (F), i-potassium (K), i-magnesium (Mg), i-zinc (Zn), i-manganese (Mn), i-selenium (Se ngamanani amancane).

8. Izinto Ezinomthelela Empilweni:

Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Izinga eliphezulu lama-catechin (ikakhulukazi i-EGCG) linikeza ukunciphisa okuphumelelayo kwama-radical akhululekile; amandla e-antioxidant ama-polyphenol etiye aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-6–7 kunawomvithamini E.
Umthelela oqabulayo nokwenza ingqondo isebenze: Ukusebenzisana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukugxila okumnene kodwa okuqhubekayo nokusebenza ngaphandle “kweziphazamiso” “nokuwa”, okuvamile ekhefini.
Ukusekela uhlelo lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ama-Polyphenol asiza ekwehliseni amazinga e-LDL-cholesterol ne-triglyceride, athuthukise uqumbile lwemithambo, avimbele ukuhlangana kwama-platelet.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla: I-caffeine nama-catechin akhuthaza ukuphuma kwejusi yesisu futhi asheshise ukugayeka kwamafutha; ngokwesiko, i-Bìluóchūn iphuzwa ngemuva kokudla ukwenza lula ukugaya.
Ukuqinisa amandla omzimba: I-Vithamini C nama-amino acid kuhlangene asekele umsebenzi wokuzivikela; ukuphuza itiye okuluhlaza njalo kuhlobene nokuncipha kwesikhathi semikhuhlane.
Ukuvikela umlomo: Izinga le-fluoride ekhasini letiye liqinisa uqweqwe lwamazinyo futhi linciphisa ubungozi bokubola kwamazinyo; ama-polyphenol avimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane emlonyeni.
Ukusekela impilo yesikhumba: Izakhiwo ze-antioxidant zama-polyphenol zibambezela ukuguga okubangelwa ukukhanya, zinciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwa yi-oxidant kumaseli esikhumba.
Umthelela oqabulayo: Umphumela ovelele wokuncisha ukoma nokuqabula (生津止渴, shēngjīn zhǐkě) — okungenye yezinto ezihlonishwa kakhulu endaweni enomswakama nesishisayo yaseJiangnan.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

I-Bìluóchūn ingelinye lamatiye ambalwa lapho indlela ye-“upper throwing” (上投法, shàngtóufǎ) isetshenziswa ngokwesiko: kuqala amanzi ayatshelwa, bese kuqalwa itiye. Lokhu kuhambisana nokuthamba okukhulu kweqabunga.

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 75–80 °C. Amanzi abilayo “awasha” iqabunga elinoboya, akhiphe ukubaba futhi abhubhise iphunga elintekenteke.
Inani letiye: 3–5 g ngamanzi ayi-150–200 ml.
Isitsha: Okukhethwa kakhulu — ingilazi yengilazi noma i-flask yengilazi (ukuze kubukwe “umdanso” wamacembe), i-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ye-porcelain encane noma ye-ceramic eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Inqubo (indlela ye-“upper throwing”):
1. Fudumeza ingilazi yengilazi noma i-gaiwan ngamanzi abilayo, uchithe amanzi.
2. Gcwalisa ingilazi ngamanzi (75–80 °C) cishe ngo-2/3 wevolumu.
3. Thela itiye ngobumnene phezu kwamanzi. Bheka njengoba amacembe ehlehlela phansi kancane, evuleka futhi ekhipha iphunga, — lokhu kungenye yezakhi ezinhle zokuphuza itiye.
4. Ukuhlambulula kokuqala — imizuzu eyi-1.5–2. Iphunga lintekenteke, ukunambitheka kumnene.
5. Ukuhlambulula kwesibili — imizuzu emi-2–3. Ukunambitheka kufinyelela ukugcwala.
6. Ukuhlambulula kwesithathu — imizuzu emi-3–4. Ukunambitheka nephunga kuyancipha kancane.
7. I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn esezingeni iphakeme ikwazi ukuhlala ekuhlambululeni okugcwele okungu-3–4.
Indlela yokuhlambulula (功夫泡法, gōngfū pàofǎ):
1. Ukufudumeza i-gaiwan.
2. Ukufaka: 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml.
3. Ukugeza: nge-Bìluóchūn entsha akuvamisile ukudingeka.
4. Ukuhlambulula kokuqala: imizuzwana eyi-10–15 ku-75–80 °C.
5. Ukuhlambulula okuphindaphindiwe: ukuhlambulula okuyi-5–7, ukwandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5–10 isikhathi ngasinye.
Isici esikhethekile: I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn esezingeni eliphezulu iyakwazi ukuvuleka ngisho noma yenziwe ngamanzi asemthonjeni noma amaminerali anezinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi (ukwenza ngamanzi abandayo) — lokhu kuwuphawu lwamandla nejusi yehlumela, okungenzeki kumalinganiselai.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo: Indawo eyomile, emnyama, epholile, ehlukanisiwe namaphunga angaphandle.
Isitsha: Esivala ngomoya — imbiza ye-porcelain, ikani likathayela elinesivalo esiqinile noma ukupakishwa kwe-vacuum. Gwema izitsha ezikhanyayo (ukukhanya kusheshisa ukufiphala kwe-chlorophyll).
Izinga lokushisa: Okuhle — efrijini ku-0–5 °C. I-Bìluóchūn — itiye eliluhlaza lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo elinamazinga aphezulu ama-amino acid akwazi ukugcina umswakama, ezingeni lokushisa legumbi lilahlekelwa ubusha ngokushesha okukhulu kunamatiye aluhlaza athosiwe.
Isikhathi: Ngokufanelekile, kusetshenziswe kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-6–12 kusukela ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Itiye elisha lonyaka (新茶, xīnchá) — inani eliphakeme kakhulu; elonyaka odlule lilahlekelwa “ubungqabavu” balo obujwayelekile.
Izitha zetiye: Umswakama, ukukhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, amaphunga angaphandle, umoya-mpilo.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

Izinga lentengo: I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yangempela ingelinye lamatiye aluhlaza abiza kakhulu eShayina. Intengo yezinhlobo eziphakeme kakhulu (特一, 特二) ingafinyelela kumakhulu amahlanu ama-yuan nge-500 g. Izinto ezibangela izindleko: indawo encane kakhulu yokukhiqiza, umsebenzi wezandla ophelele, inani elikhulu lamahlumela ngesisindo ngasinye, umthamo wonyaka olinganiselwe (~100–120 amathani kulo lonke elaseShayina).
Inkinga yamalinganiselai: Iningi le-“Bìluóchūn” elithengiswa eShayina naphesheya, likhiqizwa ngaphandle kwaseDongting — eZhejiang, eFujian, eSichuan, eYunnan. Lawa matiye afana ngaphandle, kodwa awanalo iphunga “lezimbali nezithelo” elijwayelekile futhi anokunambitheka okuphazamisayo okunokubaba kotshani.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
- Hlola izinga ekupakisheni: Itiye langempela limakwe ngezinga likazwelonke i-GB/T 18957 “Geographical Indication — Dōngtíng(shān) Bìluóchūn”. Uma kuvezwe izinga lemboni (NY/T) noma izinga lebhizinisi (Q/) — lelo tiye livela kwenye indawo.
- Hlola ukubukeka: I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yangempela — incane ngokwedlulele, “njengocingo lwethusi”; uboya buyimvelo, busatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo. Amalinganiselai avamise ukuba makhulu futhi aqinile, uboya bungafakwa ngokufakelwa (isibonelo, uboya be-mushmula).
- Hogela iqabunga elomile: I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yemvelo inephunga lezimbali nezithelo eliqavile. Amalinganiselai anuka “njengotshani obuluhlaza” noma “inothi lomhlabathi”.
- Hlola umniki: Itiye langempela likhipha umniki ohlanzekile, okhanyayo, oluhlaza okotshani obumnene; amalinganiselai — anokubonakala, aphuzi.
- Bheka intengo: Intengo ephansi ngokweqisayo (ngaphansi kwama-500 yuan nge-500 g “yezinhlobo eziphakeme”) — cishe iyisiqiniseko sokuthi itiye likhiqizwe ngaphandle kwaseDongting.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Ukuze kukhiqizwe amagremu angama-500 e-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn esezingeni eliphezulu, kudingeka amahlumela angama-68,000 kuye kwangama-74,000 — kanti ihlumela ngalinye likhishwa ngesandla. Ngokomlando, amaqoqo abhalwe ukuthi anamahlumela angama-90,000 nge-500 g yetiye elomile.
I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yangempela, uma yenziwa ngendlela ye-“upper throwing”, ihlehlela phansi engilazini, ayihlali phezu kwamanzi — lokhu kuwukuhlola kwesintu kobuqiniso, okwadunyiswa emibhalweni yenkathi yeRephabliki.
I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn — yilona tiye kuphela eShayina lapho i-ecosystem yalo yokukhiqiza (izivande zezithelo zetiye) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenza ngesandla kubhalwe ngesikhathi esisodwa emibhalweni yamagugu — isimo esiphindwe kabili, esiyingqayizivele embonini yetiye yaseJiangsu.
Umthamo wonyaka we-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn yangempela (~100–120 amathani) umele cishe u-0.2% walo lonke itiye elithengiswa eShayina ngaleli gama. Amanye amaphesenti angama-99.8 — umkhiqizo wezinye izindawo.
Esakhiweni sephunga, ososayensi bakhombe izinhlanganisela ezingama-42 eziguquguqukayo — enye yamaphrofayili ephunga ayinkimbinkimbi kunayo yonke phakathi kwamatiye aluhlaza aseShayina.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiye aluhlaza:

Xīhú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井, Xīhú Lóngjǐng): Womabili — amatiye ayingxenye yeshumi elikhulu, womabili — entwasahlobo, anamaqabunga amancane. Umehluko omkhulu: i-Lóngjǐng — iyisicaba, icindezelwe ngesimo “solimi lwendlazi”, ingenabo uboya, yosiwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, okunikeza iphunga “le-nut nebhontshisi”; i-Bìluóchūn — ine-spiral, imbozwe kakhulu uboya, inephunga lezimbali nezithelo. I-Lóngjǐng “inamafutha” futhi iminyene, i-Bìluóchūn — imnene futhi “inomoya”.
Huángshān Máofēng (黄山毛峰, Huángshān Máofēng): Uboya obufanayo kanye nentekenteke, kodwa i-Máofēng inesimo “sehlumela lembali” (hhayi i-spiral), kanti iphunga layo — “lezintaba” kakhulu, linamanothi e-orchid notshani obusha, ngaphandle kwesakhi sezithelo esiqavile. I-Máofēng ikwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kancane lokwenza itiye.
Yín Luó (银螺, Yín Luó): Ngokwakheka — olingana naye oseduze kakhulu “ngokwakheka” (osontwe waba ama-spiral, enoboya). Kodwa i-Yín Luó — akulona itiye elinendawo ethile, likhiqizwa ezifundazweni eziningana ngezinhlobo ezahlukene, alinalo iphunga “lezimbali nezithelo” laseDongting futhi, ngokuvamile, lineqabunga elikhudlwana nephrofayili yokunambitheka okungaqavamile. Intengo iphansi kakhulu.
Xìnyáng Máojiān (信阳毛尖, Xìnyáng Máojiān): Futhi itiye eliluhlaza lasentwasahlobo elinoboya, kodwa laseHenan. Iqabunga limile ngokuqonde futhi lincane, iphunga — linamanothi e-nut notshani, ngaphandle kokwezithelo. Lizwakala libaba kakhulu ekunambithekeni.
Tàiping Hóukuí (太平猴魁, Tàipíng Hóukuí): Ophambene naye ngokwakheka — amaqabunga amakhulu asicaba afinyelela ku-6–7 cm ubude. Iphunga le-orchid, ukunambitheka okuthambile, kodwa ubuhle nokunambitheka okuhluke ngokuphelele.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dōngtíng Bìluóchūn iyingqikithi yentwasahlobo yaseJiangnan, evalelwe kuma-spiral amancane asasiliva oluhlaza. Inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yendawo eneminyaka eyinkulungwane, izivande zezithelo zetiye eziqhingini zaseTaihu, uhlobo oluyivelakancane lwamaqabunga amancane, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphelele bezandla kwenza leli tiye lingafani nanoma yiliphi. Iphunga lalo lezimbali nezithelo, ubumnandi bawo ama-amino acid kanye nokwakheka komniki okuthambile — akuzona izincazelo zokumaketha, kodwa umphumela wokuhlukahluka okujulile kwe-biochemical, okuqinisekiswe elebhu. I-Bìluóchūn — itiye lalabo abakwazisa ubuhle obucwengisisiwe, labo abakulungele ukwehlisa ijubane futhi babuke njengoba amacembe amancane, ejikeleza, ehlehlela emanzini akhanyayo aye phansi engilazi, eveza iphunga okwathi emakhulwini amane eminyaka adlule abavuni uqobo baliqamba ngegama elifaneleke kakhulu — “elimangalisayo”.