I-Dianhong Gongfu

I-Dianhong Gongfu liyingqophamlando yetiye elibomvu laseYunnan, futhi lingelinye lamatiye abomvu adume kakhulu eShayina. Latiye laziswa ngo-1938 nguFeng Shaoqiu, odume “njengobaba we-Dianhong,” esebenzisa izinto ezingavuthiwe zamaqabunga amakhulu aseYunnan ngendlela yesifunda saseQimen. Lathi lapho livela, lamangaza umhlaba wonke: “Zonke izindawo zimbozwe uboya obusagolide, ukumunca kubomvu, kukhanya, kujulile — into engakaze ibonwe phakathi kwamatiye amancane abomvu aseShayina,” kubhala uFeng Shaoqiu “Emibhalweni Yomlando We-Dianhong.” I-Dianhong Gongfu ihlanganisa amandla endawo yaseYunnan nobuciko bokusebenza ngesandla, futhi isalokhu ingenye yezinambitheka eziqashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele wetiye elibomvu.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá), eli-oxidized ngokuphelele. Ngokwe-European classification, yitiye elimnyama. Lingaphansi kwesigaba se-gongfu hongcha (工夫红茶, gōngfu hóngchá) — “itiye elibomvu elenziwe ngekhono.”
• Isigaba: Amatiye abomvu adumile aseShayina (中国名茶). Lanikezwa isiqu “Setiye Likazwelonke Elidumile” (全国名茶) ngo-1986. Indondo yesiliva kahulumeni ngeqophelo (1986). Indondo yegolide yomhlaba wonke ngeqophelo (Madrid, 1985).
• Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe saseYunnan (云南省, Yúnnán Shěng). Isikhungo somlando sokukhiqiza yisifunda saseFengqing (凤庆县, Fèngqìng Xiàn), esifundeni saseLincang (临沧市, Líncāng Shì). Izingxenye ezibanzi zihlanganisa izifunda zaseBaoshan (保山), Pu’er (普洱, phambilini iSimao), Xishuangbanna (西双版纳), Dehong (德宏), Honghe (红河), kanye neWenshan (文山). Ama-Dianhong aneqophelo eliphezulu avela eFengqing naseLincang.
• Ama-coordinates Wendawo: Isifunda saseFengqing — cishe 24°35′ N, 99°55′ E.
• Amagama Ahlukile: IDianhong (滇红, Diānhóng) — ifomu elifushane; “Yunhong” (云红, Yúnhóng) — igama lokuqala elaphakanyiswa nguFeng Shaoqiu, kodwa lashintshwa yinkampani yetiye yesifundazwe laba “Dianhong” ngo-1939.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

• Umlando: Nakuba iYunnan iyisifunda setiye esidala kunazo zonke emhlabeni (ikhaya lezihlahla zetiye zasendle kanye netiye le-pu’er), umlando wetiye elibomvu lapha uneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-90 kuphela. Ukuvela kwe-Dianhong kwaba umphumela oqondile wempi. Ngemva kokuhlasela kweJapan eShayina ngo-1937 (事变, “Isigameko Sasebhulohweni LaseMarco Polo”), izikhungo zokuthekelisa zetiye elibomvu e-Fujian (minhong) nase-Anhui (qihong) zaba sezindaweni zempi noma zathathwa amabutho. Ukuze kugcinwe ukuthekelisa, okwakubalulekile ekuthengeni izikhali, iNkampani Yetiye YaseShayina (中国茶叶公司) yathumela eYunnan uchwepheshe uZheng Hechun (郑鹤春) kanye nochwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe uFeng Shaoqiu (冯绍裘, 1900–1987), owayekade esebenza ezimbonini zaseQimen. NgoNovemba 1938, uFeng Shaoqiu wafika esifundeni saseShunning (顺宁, manje esiyiFengqing), futhi wamangala ukuthola ukuthi ngoNovemba izihlahla zetiye zisamunywe amagatsha amancane amasha — isimo sezulu saseYunnan sasivumela ukuvuna itiye ngisho nasebusika. Ngokushesha wabutha amaqabunga angaphezu kwama-5 kg amasha futhi wenza ngesandla amagremu angu-500 e-tiye elibomvu neliluhlaza. Umphumela wammangaza: “Itiye elibomvu — lonke ligcwele uboya obusagolide, ukumunca kubomvu, kukhanya, kujulile, phansi kweqabunga ku-orange-bomvu, kukhazimula, iphunga linothile — into enjalo ayizange ibonwe emhlabeni wamatiye amancane abomvu ezwe lonke.” Amasampula athunyelwa eHong Kong emakethe yomhlaba; imibiko yayigcwele injabulo. NgoMashi 1939, uFeng Shaoqiu wasungula iFemu Yezokuhlola Yetiye yaseShunning (顺宁实验茶厂) — umsunguli weNkampani Yesimanje Ye-Dianhong Group yaseYunnan (云南滇红集团). Ukuthekelisa kokuqala cishe kwamathani angu-16.7 kwathunyelwa ngeHong Kong eLondon futhi kwathengiswa ngentengo eyiqophamlando engapeni angu-800 ngephawundi, kwathola ukuhlolwa kokuthi “ingaphezu kwawo wonke amatiye abomvu aseShayina.” I-Dianhong yaba “itiye lokumelana namaJapan” (抗战茶) — imali eyayivela ekuthekelisweni kwayo yayisetshenziswa ukuthenga izinto zempi.

• Udumo Lwangemuva Kwempi: Ngeminyaka yawo-1950, i-Dianhong yayithengiselwa iSoviet Union — “ithani elilodwa le-Dianhong lalishintshwa ngamathani ayishumi ensimbi.” Ngo-1957, i-Dianhong Gongfu yahlala endaweni yokuqala ekunambithekeni okungabonwayo okwenziwa ezweni lonke eBeijing. Ngo-1958 kwenziwa iqoqo lokuqala le-Dianhong Teji Gongfu (滇红特级工夫) — lathengiswa eLondon ngamapeni angu-500 ngephawundi, okwabeka irekhodi lomhlaba wentengo yetiye elibomvu. Kusukela ngo-1959, i-Dianhong Teji yaqokwa njengetiye lombuso elisemthethweni lezifundo (外事礼茶) — minyaka yonke kwakukhiqizwa amaqoqo alinganiselwe oMkhandlu Wezwe waseShayina. Ngo-1986, “Amathumba Esagolide” (金芽茶) avela eFengqing anikezwa iNdlovukazi yaseGreat Britain u-Elizabeth II njengesipho sikaHulumeni, okuthiwa yalibeka esitsheni sengilazi njengendlela yokuqoqa.

• Igama:

  • “Dian” (滇) — igama lasendulo laseYunnan, elisusela embusweni waseDian (滇国, ngekhulu lesi-4 kuya kwele-1 BCE) kanye naseChibini laseDianchi (滇池) ngaseKunming. UFeng Shaoqiu ekuqaleni wayiqamba le tiye ngokuthi “Yunhong” (云红, “okubomvu kwaseYunnan”), kodwa inkampani yetiye yesifundazwe yashintsha yaba “Dianhong” — “itiye elibomvu laseDian” — okuyinkondlo futhi kunomsindo omnandi.
  • “Gongfu” (工夫) — “umsebenzi wekhono,” “umsebenzi nobuciko.” Likhomba ukuthi leli tiye lingaphansi kwesigaba se-gongfu hongcha — amatiye abomvu akhiqizwa ngenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi enezigaba eziningi zokucutshungulwa ngokwendlela evamile (ngokumelene ne-CTC).

• Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Dianhong — itiye lobuphatriyothi, elazalwa yimpi futhi laba ngesinye sezinsika zomnotho we-Shayina wokuthekelisa. Ibuyisele iYunnan — ikhaya lawo wonke amatiye emhlabeni — endaweni efanele emephini yomhlaba yokutshalwa kwetiye elibomvu, okwakugcwele izindawo zaseFujian nase-Anhui. Namuhla, i-Dianhong Gongfu iwuphawu lwaseLincang naseFengqing, iyinsalela yasemnyuziyameni (ifemu-mnyuziyamu iFengqing Cha Chang ifakwe ohlwini lweZikhumbuzo Zikazwelonke Zamagugu Ezemboni aseShayina, 2019) kanye nesiko eliphilayo eliqhubeka nokuthuthuka.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

• Inhlobo / I-Cultivar: Uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwaseYunnan — Camellia sinensis var. assamica (Dayezhong, 大叶种, dàyè zhǒng). Ama-cultivar amakhulu: IFengqing Daye (凤庆大叶), iMengku Daye (勐库大叶), iFengqing Changye Bai Hao (凤庆长叶白毫), kanye nezinye izinhlobo zasendaweni. Izinhlobo zamahlamvu amakhulu zibonakala ngamazinga aphezulu e-tea polyphenols (30–35% emaqabungeni amasha — ngaphezu kwalezo zezinhlobo zamahlamvu amancane i-var. sinensis), okuyinto enikeza ukunambitheka okugcwele, ukuminyana, kanye “nomzimba” wokumunca. Amacatechin ne-caffeine nakho kungaphezulu kwesilinganiso.
• Ukuvuna: IYunnan ukuphela kwesifundazwe saseShayina lapho itiye lingavunwa khona unyaka wonke. Ukuvuna kwasentwasahlobo (Mashi–Meyi) kuveza izinto ezingavuthiwe ezingcono kakhulu; ukuvuna kwasehlobo nasekwindla kuveza amagreyidi angabizi kakhulu. Okwe-Dianhong Teji Gongfu — kuvunwa kuphela amagatsha asekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• Izinga Lokuvuna: Iqabunga elilodwa elincane elinamahlamvu amabili noma amathathu (一芽一二叶) emagreyidini aphezulu; iqabunga elincane elilodwa elinamahlamvu amabili kuya kwamathathu — kwamazinga ajwayelekile. Amaqabungwana amancane — makhulu, anenyama, ambozwe ngoboya obusagolide obukhulu (金毫, jīn háo).
• Izidingo Zezinto Ezingavuthiwe: Amaqabunga aphelele, amasha angenakho ukulimala okwenziwe ngoomshini. Kudingeka ukubambezeleka okuncane phakathi kokuvuna nokuqala ukucutshungulwa.

4. Indawo kanye Nezici Zokukhulisa:

• I-Yunnan — ikhaya letiye: I-Yunnan iyisikhungo sezinto eziphilayo lapho kwaqala khona uhlobo lwe-Camellia. Lapha kukhula izihlahla zetiye zasendle ezindala kakhulu ezineminyaka engafinyelela ku-3 200 (树龄 “Jinxiu Chawangxing”, 锦绣茶王树, eFengqing). Isifundazwe siphakeme kakhulu eShayina ngendawo yamasimu wetiye.
• Isifunda saseFengqing: Sitholakala entshonalanga yeYunnan, emfuleni iLancang (Mekong). Indawo enezintaba eziyizintaba, izigodi ezijulile zemifula, izithambeka zezintaba. Amazwe ambozwe amahlathi angaba ngu-~65%.
• Ukuphakama Kokukhula: Amamitha ayi-1 000–2 200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Indawo ekahle ye-Gongfu ingama-1 200–1 800 m.
• Isimo Sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-monsoon esishisayo, esithanjiswe ukuphakama. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka cishe lingu-16–17°C. Imvula — 1 200–1 700 mm/ngonyaka. Isikhathi esingenasithwathwa — ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-300. Amahora okukhanya kwelanga — cishe angu-2 000 ngonyaka. Inhlanganisela yokufudumala, umswakama, nobusika obupholile inikeza ukukhula okusheshayo kanye nokumila okungapheli unyaka wonke.
• Inhlabathi: I-lateritic red kanye ne-red-earth (红壤), emuncu (i-pH 4.5–5.5), enothile ngezinto eziphilayo, i-iron ne-aluminium. Ungqimba olujulile noluvundile. Lungele kahle izinhlobo zamahlamvu amakhulu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

I-Dianhong Gongfu ikhiqizwa ngokwendlela evamile yokucutshungulwa kwetiye elibomvu, eyashintshwa nguFeng Shaoqiu ukuze ivumelane nezici zezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinkulu zaseYunnan. Umehluko omkhulu kumatiye abomvu aseFujian nase-Anhui — i-fermentation enzulu kakhulu (izinhlobo zamahlamvu amakhulu ezinamapolyphenol amaningi zidinga i-oxidation ejulile) kanye nokushisa okunamandla kakhulu ekomeni.

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎizhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla kweqabunga elincane elilodwa elinamahlamvu amabili noma amathathu emagreyidini aphezulu. Oomshini — emagreyidini amaningi.
• Ukubuna (萎凋 — wěidiāo): Ngokwemvelo (ngaphandle noma ngaphansi kophahla) noma endlini ngomoya ofudumele. Isikhathi — amahora ayi-12–18. Ukulahlekelwa komswakama kufika ku-60–65%. Iqabunga liba lithambile, linwebeka.
• Ukusonteka (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Ngomshini (i-roller) noma ngesandla. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zamahlamvu amakhulu zidinga ingcindezi enkulu kunezamahlamvu amancane: izingqimba zamangqamuzana zikhudlwana, kanti ijusi iphuma kalukhuni. Ukusonteka kuthatha imizuzu engama-60–90.
• I-Fermentation / I-Oxidation (发酵 — fājiào): Ku-~25–30°C, umswakama ~90–95%, amahora ama-3–5. Kulawulwa ngombala (ukushintsha ube ubomvu bethusi) kanye nephunga (ukuvela kwamanothi wezithelo ne-caramel). Ukuba namapolyphenol amaningi kunikeza ukwakheka okuningi kwe-theaflavin ne-thearubigin — yikhona okupha i-Dianhong ukunambitheka kwayo okuphawulekayo “nomzimba.”
• Ukomisa (烘干 — hōnggān): Ngomoya oshisayo noma ngesigubhu ku-~100–120°C. Kunezigaba ezimbili: “maohuo” (毛火, ukomisa kokuqala) kanye “nezuhuo” (足火, ukomisa kokugcina). Umswakama osele — 5–6%.
• Ukuhluza (精制 — jīngzhì): Esigabeni se-“Gongfu” — ukuhlunga ngezigaba eziningi, ukuhlunga ngesihlungi, ukuqondanisa, ukususa iziqu, ukomisa okokugcina. Yilesi sigaba “somsebenzi wekhono” (工夫) esipha leli tiye igama laso.

6. Izici Zokuzwa Ngokomzimba:

• Ukubukeka Kwamaqabunga Omisiwe: Amapheshana acinene, asonteke kakhulu, alinganayo ngosayizi. Emagreyidini aphezulu — kunoboya obusagolide obuningi (金毫), obumboza yonke incazelo yamaqabunga. Umbala — kusuka kokunsundu ngokumnyama kuye kokumnyama okumpunga okunemigqa yegolide. Kukhazimula okunamafu. Ku-Teji (特级) — “konke kugcwele igolide” (满盘金色黄毫).
• Iphunga Lamaqabunga Omisiwe: Linothile, limnandi, linamanothi e-caramel-noju, i-malt, noshokoledi. Amanothi amancane ezithako (isinamoni, upelepele omnyama) kanye nezezithelo (izithelo ezomisiwe, i-prune). Linamandla futhi “likhudlwana” kunamatiye amancane abomvu.
• Iphunga Lokumunca: Lijulile, lifudumele — i-caramel, uju, ushokoledi, i-malt. Emaqoqweni angcono kakhulu — amanothi ezimbali, akhumbuza irozi lasendle. UFeng Shaoqiu wayichaza ngale ndlela: “inephunga le-qihong kanye nemibala yetiye yaseNdiya naseCeylon” (既具祁红之香，又具印锡红茶之色).
• Ukunambitheka: Kucinene, kugcwele, “kuyi-velvet,” “nomzimba” ovelele (okugcwele ngokuphelele). Ukunambitheka okugcwele — ubumnandi be-caramel, i-malt, ushokoledi, izithelo ezomisiwe (ibhilikosi elomisiwe, i-prune, isundu). Isithako esincane. Kukrakra okulingene, okuhle, okungadluli ebumuncu. “Ukubuya okumnandi” okuvelele (回甘, huígān). Ukunambitheka okulandelayo kuhlezi isikhathi eside, kufudumele, kulandelwa ikharamela noju.
• Umbala Wokumunca: Ubomvu ngokugqamile, ujulile, ugcwele, onombala we-ruby. Okusobala. Emaqoqweni angcono kakhulu — “indandatho yegolide” emaphethelweni enkomishi (金圈, jīn quān).
• Indawo Yetiye (iqabunga elisetshenzisiwe): Amaqabunga amakhulu, aphelele anombala obomvu ngokugqamile (orange-bomvu), anwebekayo, akhazimulayo — “abomvu futhi akhazimulayo” (红艳发光), njengokuchaza kukaFeng Shaoqiu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Uhlobo lwamahlamvu amakhulu lwaseYunnan lunikeza i-Dianhong elinye lamaphrofayli aqine kakhulu amakhemikhali phakathi kwamatiye abomvu omhlaba.

• Ama-Polyphenol (茶多酚): Ama-15–25% wesisindo esomile — ngaphezu kwalawo amaningi e-hongcha encane. Lapho i-ferment ingena ngokuphelele, kwakheka ukuhlangana okuphezulu kwe-theaflavin (0.8–2.5%) kanye ne-thearubigin (8–15%), okunikeza umbala ogcwele, “umzimba,” “nendandatho yegolide.”
• Ama-Amino Acid (氨基酸): Ama-1.5–3% wesisindo esomile. I-L-theanine iyisakhi esiyinhloko. Isilinganiso sama-polyphenol kuma-amino acid (isilinganiso se-phenol-amino, 酚氨比) ezinhlotsheni zamahlamvu amakhulu siphezulu kunalezo zamahlamvu amancane, okuchaza ukukrakra okuvelele “namandla” e-Dianhong.
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine — 3–5% wesisindo esomile; enkomishini cishe ~30–70 mg. I-Theobromine, i-theophylline.
• Amavitamini: B₁, B₂, B₃, C (ingxenye), E, K.
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-iron, i-manganese, i-fluoride, i-zinc, i-copper, i-selenium.
• Amafutha Abalulekile (芳香油): I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-phenylacetaldehyde; izinto ezikhiqizwa yi-Maillard reaction ezinjenge-caramel ne-malt.

8. Izinzuzo Eziwusizo:

• Ukunika amandla okukhulu: Izinga eliphezulu le-caffeine linikeza umphumela ocacile wokuvuselela; i-L-theanine iyawuthambisa, ivimbele ukukhathazeka.
• Umsebenzi we-Antioxidant: Ama-theaflavin amaningi kanye ne-thearubigin — angamanye ama-antioxidant emvelo asebenza kahle kakhulu.
• Ukufudumala: I-Dianhong — ngelinye lamatiye abomvu “afudumele” kakhulu ngokwemvelo, lilungele ubusika kanye nabantu “abanomoya obandayo” ngokwe-TCM.
• Ukusekela Ukugayeka Kwesisu: Kukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme wokugaya, kuyasiza ngemva kokudla okusindayo nokunamafutha.
• Ukusekela Isistimu Yenhliziyo Nemithambo Yegazi: Ama-polyphenol athuthukisa ukunwebeka kwemithambo kanye nokuhamba kwegazi okuncane.
• Ukulwa namagciwane: Izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol linikeza umphumela ocacile wokulwa namagciwane.
• Ukwehlisa Ukukhathala: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine, i-theanine, namavitamini eqembu B isekela ukusebenza nokugxilisa ingqondo.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

• Izinga Lokushisa Lamanzi: Ama-90–100°C. IDianhong yamahlamvu amakhulu ibekezelela kahle amanzi abilayo; kumagreyidi athambile amathumba (Jin Ya, Jin Zhen) — ama-85–90°C.
• Inani Letiye: Amagremu ayi-4–6 ku-100–120 ml (i-gongfu); amagremu ayi-3–4 ku-200–250 ml (indlela yaseYurophu).
• Izitsha: IGaiwan ye-porcelain (盖碗) — yiyona engcono kakhulu yokunambitha. Isitini se-Yixing — siyindlela enhle kumagreyidi acinene, avuthiwe. Izitsha zengilazi zivumela ukubukeka kombala ogqamile wokumunca.
• Inqubo:
  1. Ukufudumeza izitsha: Geza igaiwan, ichahai, nezinkomishi ngamanzi abilayo.
  2. Ukufaka itiye: Amagremu ayi-4–6 egaiwan efudunyeziwe.
  3. Ukuwasha (润茶): Thululela ngokushesha amanzi abilayo imizuzwana emi-2–3 — kuyanconywa.
  4. Ukuphulula kokuqala: Imizuzwana eyi-8–15.
  5. Ukukhipha: Thululela ngokuphelele ukumunca.
  6. Ukuphulula okuphindaphindiwe: Ukuthululela okungu-5–8, ungeze isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5–10. IDianhong inokukhuthazela okuhle — ukuthululela kokuqala oku-3–4 kugcwele kakhulu, bese itiye “livuleka” ngamanothi athambile, amnandi.
• Isaziso: IDianhong imnandi nobisi — ukuminyana kwayo nokugcwala kwayo kuyivumela ukuthi “imelane nokushaywa” ingalahlekelwa ubunjalo bayo. Imile kahle kwi-“masala chai” nakwi-cold brew.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Izitsha: Izitsha ezivala umoya, ezingabonisi ukukhanya — ithini lensimbi, isikhwama se-foil, isitsha se-ceramic.
• Izimo: Indawo eyomile, epholile, emnyama. Izinga lokushisa elingu-10–25°C, umswakama kufinyelela ku-60%.
• Isikhathi: Izinyanga eziyi-12–24. Amanye amagreyidi acinene (Lao Cong, Gu Shu) “abekeka” kahle iminyaka engafinyelela kwe-3.
• Isaziso: Isiqandisi asidingeki; itiye elibomvu ligcinwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo.

11. Intengo kanye Nezinto Ezingamampunge:

Izindleko ze-Dianhong Gongfu zincike egreyidini: okuningiliziwe (三级) — ama-yuan angama-50–150/500 g; okujwayelekile (一二级) — ama-yuan angama-150–500; okuphezulu / i-Teji (特级) — ama-yuan angama-500–1 500; amalotho aphakeme kakhulu (Gu Shu, Ye Sheng) — afinyelela kuma-yuan angama-2 000–5 000+.

Ungagwema kanjani okungamampunge:

• Hlola imvelaphi: Ama-Dianhong angcono kakhulu avela eFengqing naseLincang. Amampunge ashibhile avame ukukhiqizwa ngezinto ezingavuthiwe eziphuma emasimini asezindaweni eziphansi zaseYunnan noma kwezinye izifundazwe.
• Linganisela uboya obusagolide: Emagreyidini ophezulu wangempela — kunoboya obuningi bemvelo obusagolide. Uboya obufakwe umbala wobuwula noma obuxutshwe nobunye — kuwuphawu olukhathazayo.
• Ukunambitheka okungenakukrakra okukhulu: I-Dianhong Gongfu enhle — igcwele, kodwa ayinakho ukukrakra okuqinile. Ukukrakra okubi, “okusindayo” — kuwuphawu lwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezinomgangatho ophansi noma ezindala.
• Ukumunca: Ubomvu ngokugqamile, osobala, “onendandatho yegolide.” Ukumunca okunobumnyama noma okunsundu okumnyama — kuwuphawu lokuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe.

12. Amaqiniso Athokozisayo:

• “Itiye Lokumelana NamaJapan”: Amaqoqo okuqala e-Dianhong (1939) axhasa ngqo ukuthengwa kwezikhali zeShayina — imali yokuthekelisa ngeHong Kong yayisetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izinto zempi.
• Amapeni angama-500 ngephawundi: Ngo-1959, i-Dianhong Teji Gongfu yabeka irekhodi lomhlaba wentengo yetiye elibomvu — amapeni angama-500 ngephawundi esitokisini saseLondon.
• “Ithani elilodwa le-Dianhong — amathani ayishumi ensimbi”: Ngawo-1950, i-Dianhong yayishintshaniswa ngensimbi yaseSoviet ngalesi silinganiso, okwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni kweShayina entsha.
• Isipho seNdlovukazi: Ngo-1986, “Amathumba Esagolide” anikezwa iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II, okuthiwa yawabeka esitsheni sengilazi njengensalela yokuqoqa.
• Isihlahla Setiye Esidala Kakhulu: EFengqing kukhula “iJinxiu Chawangxing” (锦绣茶王树) — isihlahla setiye sasendle esineminyaka engaba ngu-3 200, esidala kunawo wonke emhlabeni.

13. Izinhlobo Ezahlukene ze-Dianhong:

Umndeni we-Dianhong mkhulu. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko:

• I-Dianhong Gongfu (滇红工夫): Isitayela sakudala — ukucutshungulwa okuvamile, izingcezu ezilinganayo ezincane ngemuva kokuhluza. Isisekelo sokuthekelisa.
• I-Dianhong Jin Ya (滇红金芽): “Amathumba esagolide” — amathumba kuphela, ambozwe uboya obusagolide obukhulu. Igreyidi eliphakeme kakhulu, lithambile, limnandi.
• I-Dianhong Jin Zhen (滇红金针): “Izinaliti zegolide” — amathumba asontekile aqondile, abukeka njengezinaliti zegolide. Ubumnandi obukhulu.
• I-Dianhong Jin Luo (滇红金螺): “Iminyovu yegolide” — ukusonteka okuyiziyingi. Kubukeka kukhangayo, okuphunga okwezithelo nembali.
• I-Dianhong Song Zhen (滇红松针): “Izinaliti zikaphayini” — ukusonteka okuqondile okuvela emaqabungeni, okufana nezinaliti zikaphayini.
• I-Dianhong Da Jin Ya (滇红大金芽): “Amathumba amakhulu esagolide” — avela emathunjini ezihlahla ezifana nezihlahla.
• I-Dianhong Jin Si (滇红金丝): “Imicu yegolide” — ukusonteka okuncane kakhulu.
• I-Dianhong Ye Sheng (滇红野生): Kusukela emaqabungeni ezihlahla zetiye zasendle. Iphrofayili enamandla, “yasendle.”
• I-Dianhong Gu Shu (滇红古树): Kusukela emaqabungeni ezihlahla ezindala (ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100). Ukunambitheka okujulile, okunamaminerali okunenothi eliphawulekayo “lasehlathini.”
• IShai Hong (晒红): “Itiye elibomvu elomiswe elangeni” — ukomisa akwenziwa ngomoya oshisayo, kodwa ngelanga. Indlela ehlukile enethuba lokuguga.

Ukuphetha:

I-Dianhong Gongfu iwamandla nomusa wetiye laseYunnan lamahlamvu amakhulu, okwenziwe kwaba yinkomishi yokumunca okunombala we-ruby. Latiye elazalelwa phakathi nentuthu yempi futhi laba isikhali sokumelana nomnotho, lisheshe lakhombisa ukuthi indawo yaseYunnan iyakwazi ukuveza amatiye abomvu asezingeni lomhlaba wonke — alingana, nakwezinye izici adlula “abancintisana” nabo abadumile abavela eFujian nase-Anhui. Ukuminyana kwalo okuphawulekayo, ubumnandi be-caramel, amanothi kashokoledi ne-malt, kanye “nendandatho yegolide” ezindongeni zenkomishi — kuwumsebenzi wesandla oqashelwayo, ongeke udidaniswe nanoma yini. I-Dianhong — itiye lalabo abazisa ukugcwala, ukufudumala, nobunjalo: limnandi ngokufanayo ekuseni wedwa ugongfu noma enkomishini enkulu enobisi ebusuku obubandayo basebusika.