Dāncóng Bái Ruìxiāng

I-Bái Ruìxiāng ingenye yezinhlobo ezingavamile ze-Fènghuáng Dāncóng, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu ngabazi. Igama layo lisuselwa ephungeni lezimbali zohlobo lwe-Daphne (瑞香, ruìxiāng), kanti isimo sayo sihlanganisa iphunga lezimbali elicolisisiwe nokujula kwamaminerali okutholakala ezintabeni zaseFènghuáng. I-Bái Ruìxiāng ayikho ohlwini oluyishumi lwezinhlobo eziyinhloko zephunga le-Dāncóng, kodwa abazi besiko laseCháozhōu bayibona njengohlobo oluzimele, oluhlukile, olufanele ukunakwa okukhethekile.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nemvelaphi:

• Uhlobo: I-oolong (乌龙茶, wūlóngchá) — itiye elivutshiwe kancane. Izinga lokuvutshelwa (oxidation) liphakathi, ngokuvamile 20–40%, okuvamile kuma-Dāncóng aseGuangdong.
• Isigaba: I-Guangdong oolong (广东乌龙, Guǎngdōng wūlóng), isigaba esingaphansi kwe-Fènghuáng Dāncóng (凤凰单丛, Fènghuáng Dāncóng) — «Amahlumela Angawodwa eNtabeni yeFenghuang». Ingenye yezinhlobo eziyivelakancane ezingekho ekuhlukaniseni okujwayelekile kwezinhlobo eziyishumi eziyinhloko zephunga (香型, xiāngtíng).
• Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe saseGuangdong (广东省, Guǎngdōng shěng), idolobha laseCháozhōu (潮州市, Cháozhōu shì), indawo yezintaba i-Fènghuáng Shān (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān) — Izintaba zeFenghuang. Izindawo ezinkulu ezitshalwa kuzo zise-Fènghuáng zhèn (凤凰镇) kanye nesiqongo sase-Wūdǒng (乌岽, Wūdǒng).
• Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe 23°55′ N, 116°40′ E.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

• Umlando: Isiko lokutshala itiye ezintabeni zaseFènghuáng lisukela emuva esikhathini sobukhosi baseNingizimu Song (南宋, Nán Sòng, 1127–1279), lapho ngokwesiko, umbusi u-Zhào Bǐng (赵昺, Zhào Bǐng), ebalekela umkhosi wamaMongol, wanonga itiye lendawo entabeni i-Wūdǒng. Ukukhethwa ngendlela ehlelekile kwamahlumela etiye anamaphunga avelele kwaqala ngesikhathi sobukhosi base-Ming (明, Míng, 1368–1644), lapho izingcweti zaqala khona ukwenza umgomo othi «dān zhū cǎi zhì, dān zhū jiā gōng» (单株采制, 单株加工) — ukuvunwa nokucutshungulwa ngakunye kwesihlahla ngasinye. Ngalesi sikhathi kwamiswa ifilosofi ye-Dāncóng: isihlahla ngasinye siyisiqu esiyingqayizivele esinomfanekiso wephunga ongaqhathaniseki. I-Bái Ruìxiāng njengomhlwenga (cultivar) ohlukile yavela ngekhulunyaka lama-20 phakathi nenqubo yokukhetha okunzulu. Ngo-1985, ama-Dāncóng aseGuangdong afakwa ohlwini lwamatiye ayishumi nesithupha ahamba phambili e-China, kwathi ngo-2010 i-Fènghuáng Dāncóng yathola isimo «somkhiqizo kazwelonke onesiqinisekiso sendawo» (国家地理标志产品, Guójiā dìlǐ biāozhì chǎnpǐn).

• Igama: «Bái Ruìxiāng» (白瑞香, Bái Ruìxiāng) yigama elakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu, uhlamvu ngalunye lunencazelo yawo:

  • Bái (白) — «omhlophe»: kubhekisa embaleni okhanyayo wamaqabunga amancane asesihlahleni salo mhlwenga, kanye nobumhlophe bezimbali zesitshalo esiyisibonelo;
  • Ruì (瑞) — «onobuhle», «ojabulisayo», «oletha inhlanhla»: kwenza igama libe nesifiso esihle, okuvamile esikweni laseShayina;
  • Xiāng (香) — «iphunga», «ubuhle bephunga»: kukhomba ebuhleni obuyinhloko betiye — ukuxakaniseka kwalo okufana namakha. Inhlanganisela ethi «Ruì Xiāng» (瑞香) ngasikhathi sinye yigama lohlobo lwezitshalo Daphne (umndeni weThymelaeaceae) — 瑞香科 (Ruìxiāng kē). Uhlobo olwaziwa kakhulu yi-Daphne odora Thunb. (瑞香, ruìxiāng), ebizwa nangokuthi «iphunga eliyinkulungwane lamakhilomitha» (千里香, qiānlǐ xiāng) noma «iphunga elilele» (睡香, shuì xiāng). Lesi yisihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esinephunga elimnandi lezimbali elinamandla ngendlela emangalisayo, ngenxa yalokho elibizwa ngokuthi «isela lamakha» (花贼, huā zéi): izimbali ezifakwa eduze kwaso ziyafiphala uma ziqhathaniswa naso. Ngaleyo ndlela, igama letiye lingachazwa nangokuthi «Iphunga Elimhlophe Elinenhlanhla», nangokuthi «Iphunga le-Daphne Emhlophe (I-Daphne Enuka Kamnandi)».

• Ukubaluleka Kwesiko: Ama-Dāncóng ayingxenye ebalulekile yesiko letiye laseCháozhōu, okuwumongo walo umcimbi we-Gōngfū chá (工夫茶, Gōngfū chá) — isiko elikhethekile laseCháozhōu lokwenza itiye, elifakwe ohlwini lwesibili lukazwelonke lwamagugu angaphatheki e-China (2008). I-Bái Ruìxiāng, ngenxa yegama layo eliyisifiso esihle, ngokwesiko ithathwa njengesipho esinenhlanhla: uhlamvu oluthi 瑞 lufanekisela injabulo nezinkomba ezinhle. Phakathi kwabathandi bama-Dāncóng kunenkulumo ethi: «入门靠蜜兰, 进阶品百香» (rùmén kào Mìlán, jìnjiē pǐn bǎi xiāng) — «qala nge-Mì Lán Xiāng, bese uthuthuka ngokunambitha amaphunga ayikhulu», futhi i-Bái Ruìxiāng ingenye yalawo «maphunga ayikhulu» ayivelakancane, aveza bonke ubujula bendawo yaseFènghuáng.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

• Umhlwenga / Uhlobo lwembewu: Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. I-Bái Ruìxiāng ingeyesigaba samaqabunga amhlophe (白叶类, bái yè lèi) sama-Dāncóng aseFènghuáng, okuyinto eyenza ihluke kumihlwenga yamaqabunga amnyama (乌叶类, wū yè lèi) evame kakhulu. Izihlahla zohlobo lwamaqabunga amhlophe, ngokokuhlukaniswa kwe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (1964), zaziwa ngombala okhanyayo wamahlumela, ngephunga lezimbali elintekenteke, kanye nokunambitheka okuthambile kwetiye eliphelele. Izihlahla eziningi ezingonina yizihlahla ezindala (老丛, lǎo cóng) eziwuhlobo oluyisihlahla noma olunesiqu esisodwa (小乔木型, xiǎo qiáomù xíng), ezinye ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100.
• Ukuvunwa: Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuvuna yintwasahlobo, ngokuvamile kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli (ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yezimvula ethi «Gǔyǔ», 谷雨). Ingenye yezinhlobo eziphakathi nendawo nezilandelayo ngokwesikhathi sokukhula (中芽种, zhōng yá zhǒng).
• Indinganiso yokuvunwa: Ihlumela eliqukethe ihlumela elilodwa namacembe amabili noma amathathu angaphezulu (一芽二三叶, yī yá èr sān yè). Kusetshenziswa indlela ethi «ukugibela ihhashi» (骑马采, qímǎ cǎi) — ukubamba ngokucophelela kwehlumela phakathi komunwe wokukhomba nowesithupha bese kulikhathula. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngesandla kuphela.
• Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Kunemithetho yendabuko yokuvuna eFènghuáng: ungavuni elangeni elikhanyayo elibuhlungu, ungavuni lapho lina, ungavuni amaqabunga anemvu (雾水茶不采, wùshuǐ chá bù cǎi). Ukuthandwa ukuvunwa kwantambama (cishe ngo-13:00), ukuze ukucutshungulwa kwenzeke ebusuku — kukholelwa ukuthi itiye elenziwe «ngobusuku» (过夜, guòyè) liba nekhwalithi engcono ngenxa yezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokuswakama okuphezulu.

4. Indawo Yezulu kanye Nokukhethekile Kokutshalwa:

• Isifunda: Izintaba zeFènghuáng (凤凰山) zisempumalanga esenyakatho yesifundazwe saseGuangdong futhi ziseduze nogu loLwandle lwaseNingizimu China. Indawo yetiye yaseFènghuáng ingenye yezindawo ezindala kakhulu e-China: kunezihlahla zetiye zasendulo ezingaphezu kuka-4,600 ezineminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili ubudala. Izinga lezihlahla endaweni lifinyelela ku-96.4%, inani lamahlathi lingu-85.1%, okuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka okuhlukile kwemvelo.
• Ukuphakama okutshalwa kukho: Amasimu e-Bái Ruìxiāng asezindaweni eziphakeme kusuka ku-800 kuye ku-1200 m ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezibaluleke kakhulu zivela esiqongweni sase-Wūdǒng (乌岽, ~1150 m) kanye nasezindaweni eziphakeme eziseduze.
• Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi onama-asidi (pH 4.5–5.5), onamatshe, owakhiwe ngenxa yokuguguleka kwetshe legranite. Ucebe amaminerali, ikakhulukazi i-iron, i-manganese ne-zinc. Ukukhuphuka kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu kwemvelo ngenxa yokuma kwezintaba.
• Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo esinomsoco, esinomthelela ophakeme wezintaba. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka lika-20–22°C. Imvula yonyaka icishe ibe ngu-1800 mm. Kuvamile ukuba kube nenkungu, ukukhanya kwelanga okuhlakazekile kanye nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinga lokushisa lasemini nelasebusuku — yilezi zimo ezibambezela ukukhula kwezihlahla zetiye futhi zisiza ekwakhiweni kwezinto ezinamakha, ama-amino acid nama-phenols emaqabungeni.
• Okukhethekile: Amapulazi amaningi endaweni ephakeme yaseFènghuáng alandela imigomo yokulima okuphilayo. Ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kwehlathi lezintaba kwakha isithiyo semvelo ezinsikazini, kunciphisa isidingo sokubulala izinambuzane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Bái Ruìxiāng kuyinqubo yakudala kodwa enesidingo esikhulu somsebenzi we-Dāncóng yaseGuangdong, ethatha amahora angafika kwangama-72 omsebenzi oqhubekayo. Isici esibalulekile yisigaba eside nesiphindaphindwayo «sokwenza okuluhlaza» (做青, zuò qīng), esinquma umfanekiso wephunga wetiye, kanye nokuwosa ngamalahle (炭焙, tàn bèi) okungokwesiko, okwakha isakhiwo sokunambitheka ngemva kokuphuza.

• Ukuvuna (采摘 — cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna amahlumela ngesandla, ngokuvamile ntambama (cishe ngo-13:00). Amaqabunga afakwa ngokucophelela ezitsheni zoqalo; akuvunyelwe ukuwanyathezela ukuze kugwenywe ukufudumala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokuba nemibala ebomvu.

• Ukwenza ubuthaka elangeni (晒青 — shài qīng): Amaqabunga avuniwe andlalwa ngongqimba oluncane elangeni okwemizuzu engama-40–60. Inhloso ukususa umswakama wokuqala (kufinyelele ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo esingu-10–15%), ukuqala izinqubo zokuqala zokuvutshelwa nokucekela phansi kancane i-chlorophyll. Lesi yisigaba sokuqala esibalulekile ekwakheni iphunga lesikhathi esizayo.

• Ukupholisa / Ukulinda emthunzini (凉青 — liáng qīng): Amaqabunga ayiswa endaweni epholile enezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo (~25°C) nomswakama (~80%). Andlalwa ngongqimba oluncane ukuze kufaniswe ukusatshalaliswa komswakama phakathi kwesiqu neqabunga (inqubo «yokubuyisa okuluhlaza», 回青, huí qīng).

• Ukwenza okuluhlaza / Ukunyakazisa nokushwabana (做青 — zuò qīng): Isigaba esibucayi kunazo zonke kuma-oolong. Kuhlanganisa ukushintshanisa phakathi kokunyakazisa (摇青, yáo qīng) nokuzola (静置, jìng zhì). Amaqabunga afakwa ezigubhini zoqalo noma acutshungulwe ngesandla: ayaphonswa, ahlanganiswe, ashayane kancane (碰青, pèng qīng). Ukulimala ngomshini emaphethelweni amaqabunga kuqala izinqubo ze-oxidation, kanti ingxenye emaphakathi yeqabunga ihlala ingalimele — kwakheka isithombe sakudala esithi «iqabunga eliluhlaza elinomphetho obomvu» (绿叶红镶边, lǜ yè hóng xiāng biān). Inqubo ithatha amahora angu-8–10 ngemijikelezo emi-4–5 yokuqina okwandayo (kusuka kokuthambile kuye kokunamandla). Ingcweti ilandela ushintsho lwephunga: lisuka kokutshani (青草气) → liye kokuluhlaza okusha (青香) → liye kwezimbali (花香) → liye ephungeni lemvelo elijwayele lo mhlwenga. Ku-Bái Ruìxiāng, umzuzu ohlosiwe ukuvela kwephunga lezimbali elimnandi, elintekenteke, elifana ne-daphne.

• «Ukubulala okuluhlaza» (杀青 — shā qīng): Ukufudumeza ngokushesha amaqabunga ezitsheni zensimbi ezishisayo (ama-wok) ngezinga lokushisa elingu-~200°C. Ivala ama-enzyme futhi imisa i-oxidation ezingeni lika-20–40%. Ku-Bái Ruìxiāng, ingcweti ilwela izinga eliphakathi lokuvutshelwa, eligcina ubuhle bezimbali ngaphandle kokushintshela kumathoni asindayo.

• Ukusonga (揉捻 — róuniǎn): Amaqabunga anikezwa ukwakheka okusongwe ngobude (okuyimichilo), okuvamile kuma-Dāncóng aseGuangdong — tiáo suǒ (条索, tiáo suǒ). Ukusonga kucindezela ujusi wamaseli ebusweni beqabunga, kuchebisa uketshezi lwesikhathi esizayo.

• Ukomisa (烘干 — hōnggān): Ukomisa ngezigaba eziningi: okokuqala — kufike kumswakama ongaphansi kuka-15%, ukoma kokugcina — kufike ku-~5%. Kulungisa isakhiwo futhi kulungiselela iqabunga ukuwosa.

• Ukuwosa ngamalahle (炭焙 — tàn bèi): Isigaba sendabuko nesinqumayo kuma-Dāncóng. Kusetshenziswa amalahle okhuni, imvamisa avela esihlahleni se-lyonia ovalleaf (Lyonia ovalifolia) noma i-longan. Ukufudumeza kancane ngezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo okwamahora angu-6–12 kunikeza itiye amanothi omlilo angokwesiko (火韵, huǒ yùn), kuzinzisa iphunga futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside ekugcinweni. Ubukhulu bokuwoswa kwe-Bái Ruìxiāng, ngokuvamile, bulula noma buphakathi (清香–中火, qīngxiāng – zhōng huǒ), ukuze kungafiphazi ubumnandi bemvelo bezimbali.

• Ukuhlunga (分级 — fēnjí): Ukususa iziqu, amaqabunga alimele, neziqu. Itiye eliphelele lihlukaniswa ngekhwalithi.

6. Izimpawu ze-Organoleptic:

• Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga amakhulu, asongwe ngobude (tiáo suǒ) anombala onsundu ngokumnyama noma onjengoshokoledi-olive anemicimbi yobude. Iqabunga liphelele, likhulu ngokwanele, linokukhanya okunamafutha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-Dāncóng amaqabunga amnyama, iqabunga elomile le-Bái Ruìxiāng lingaba nombala okhanyayo kancane.

• Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Liyinkimbinkimbi futhi liyakhanga. Kunamandla amanothi ezimbali, afana nephunga le-daphne (i-wolfsbane) — elimnandi ngesinongo, elinempuphu ecishe ibe khona, elinamathoni e-orchid ne-jasmine. Kunamathoni amnene ezithelo ezibhakiwe (ipheya, i-quince), i-vanilla kanye nenothi lomlilo elincane elivela ekuwoseni.

• Iphunga loketshezi: Licacile, linezendlalelo eziningi futhi liyavela kusuka ekuthelweni kuya kokunye. Ekunikezelweni kokuqala kunamandla amanothi aphezulu ezimbali (i-daphne, i-orchid, i-jasmine emhlophe). Emaphakathi nendawo kuvela amanothi ezithelo nama-confectionery — ibhisikidi, ipheya ebhakiwe, uju oluncane. Ekunikezelweni kwakamuva kuvela imibala yezinkuni namaminerali.

• Ukunambitheka: Kunothe, kugcwele futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakhiwe ngendlela emnandi. Ukungena kuthambile, kumnandi, kunama-nuances oju nezimbali. Maphakathi kuvela ukosana okumnene okuvumelanayo nokumuncu okuqabulayo. Ukunambitheka ngemva kokuphuza (回甘, huígān) — kuhlala isikhathi eside, kumnandi-kupholile, kunamazwi aphakeme oju nezimbali, akhuphuka ekujuleni komphimbo. I-Bái Ruìxiāng yekhwalithi ephezulu inakho okuvezwa kahle okuthiwa «shān yùn» (山韵, shān yùn) — «imvumelwano yasentabeni» ekhethekile, ukujula kwamaminerali okuhlukanisa indawo yeqiniso yaseFènghuáng.

• Umbala woketshezi: Kusuka kokusagolide okukhanyayo kuya ekubeni yi-amber ecebile, kuya ngezinga lokuwoswa nenombolo yokunikezwa. Uketshezi lucwebile, lunokukhanya okunamafutha.

• Izinsalela zetiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amaqabunga aphelele, aphilayo anesithombe sakudala: ingxenye ephakathi eluhlaza (olive) kanye nomphetho onsundu ngokubomvu emaphethelweni — uphawu lwe-oxidation elawulwayo. Amaqabunga makhulu, anwebeka, anephunga elivezwa kahle.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Umfanekiso wamakhemikhali we-Bái Ruìxiāng ujwayelekile kuma-Fènghuáng Dāncóng, aziwa ngokunotha okukhethekile kwezinhlanganisela ezinamakha.

• Ama-Polyphenols: Izinga lama-polyphenols etiye kuma-Dāncóng lifinyelela ku-22.64–39.12% wesisindo esomile (imininingwane evela ku-Chinese Society of Tea Science). Kukho kukhona: ama-catechins (EGCG, EGC, ECG — 8.91–17.39%), ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin (imikhiqizo ye-oxidation engaphelele), ama-flavonoid (8.27–14.05%). Anikeza ubumuncu, umsebenzi we-antioxidant kanye nesakhiwo sokunambitheka.
• Ama-Amino acid: Isamba sokuqukethwe — 1.15–2.96%. Eyinhloko i-L-theanine, enikeza umuzwa «wokunambitheka okujulile» nokukhululeka okunokuzindla. Kuma-Dāncóng, izinga lama-amino acid ngokuvamile liphakeme kunelika-Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān ovamile, okuqinisekiswe ucwaningo lwase-Huánán Nóngyè Dàxué (华南农业大学).
• Ama-Alkaloid: I-Caffeine — 2.35–5.33% wesisindo esomile, i-theobromine, i-theophylline. Zinikeza umphumela wokukhuthaza othambile kodwa ohlala isikhathi eside, ojwayelekile kuma-oolong.
• Amafutha abalulekile: Ucwaningo ngaphansi kobuholi bukaProfesa Dài Sùxián (戴素贤) lwembula kuma-Dāncóng izinhlanganisela ezinamakha ezingaphezu kweziyi-104 — inani elikhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwetiye laseShayina. Izakhi eziyinhloko: i-linalool nama-oxide ayo, i-geraniol, i-nerol, i-farnesol, i-α- ne-β-farnesene, i-indole, i-nerolidol (橙花叔醇). Ukwakheka nokulingana kwamafutha abalulekile yikhona okunquma iphunga elithile «le-daphne» le-Bái Ruìxiāng.
• Amavithamini: I-Vitamin C, amavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₃).
• Amaminerali: I-Potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluoride — abangelwa inhlabathi yegranite yendawo ephakeme yezintaba.
• Ama-Saponin (etiye): Anikeza uketshezi amagwebu amancane angokwesiko lapho kuthelwa amanzi.
• Izici eziyingqayizivele: Izinga eliphezulu le-ether extract (醚浸出物, mí jìnchūwù) — inkomba ehlangene ngokuqondile nephunga letiye; kuma-Dāncóng lihlala lidlula elika-Fènghuáng Shuǐxiān.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

• Umphumela wokuvuselela: Inhlanganisela elinganiselayo ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza ukukhuthala okuthambile, okuhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphakama okusheshayo — umphumela «wokuzikhandla okuzolile».
• Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: Ama-polyphenols nama-flavonoid asusa ama-radical mahhala, abambezela ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative nezinqubo zokuguga kwamaseli.
• Ukusekela ukugayeka kokudla: Kukhuthaza ukunyakaza kwamathumbu nokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya; ngokwesiko eCháozhōu, i-Dāncóng iphuzwa ngemva kokudla okunzima.
• Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo: Ukuphuza njalo ngokulinganisela kwama-oolong kungasiza ekulinganiseni amazinga e-cholesterol nomfutho wegazi (imininingwane evela ocwaningweni lwezifo eziphathelene nezifo eGuangdong naseFujian).
• Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Amavithamini C, B₁, B₃ namaminerali asekela imisebenzi yamasosha omzimba.
• Ukuthuthukisa isimo sesikhumba: Umphumela we-antioxidant nowokulwa nokuvuvukala wama-polyphenols.
• Ukwehlisa ingcindezi: I-L-theanine isiza ekukhiqizweni kwamagagasi e-alpha ebuchosheni, ahlotshaniswa nokukhululeka nemizwa emihle.
• Ukulinganisa umzimba: Ama-oolong aziwa ngamandla awo okuqalisa umzimba wamafutha, okungaba wusizo ohlelweni oluhlanganisiwe lokulawula isisindo.

9. Ukuphisa:

• Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C. Kunconywa ukubilisa amanzi athambile acwebile kanye bese ephola aze afinyelele ezingeni lokushisa elifanele.
• Inani letiye: 5–7 g ngamanzi angu-100–150 ml (ngendlela ye-gongfu); 3–4 g ngamanzi angu-200 ml (ngokwenza enkomishini enkulu noma i-teapot).
• Izitsha: I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) eyenziwe nge-porcelain noma ngobumba obuncane — kuyindlela enhle yokuhlola iphunga nokulawula ngamehlo ukuvuleka kweqabunga. Kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-teapot yobumba lwase-Yíxīng (宜兴紫砂壶, Yíxīng zǐshā hú), ebekelwe ngokukhethekile ama-oolong aseGuangdong, kanye ne-teapot yobumba lwaseCháozhōu (潮州朱泥壶, Cháozhōu zhūní hú) — isitsha sendabuko se-Gōngfū chá.
• Inqubo:
  1. Fudumeza i-gàiwǎn (noma iteapot) nezinkomishi ngamanzi abilayo. Chitha amanzi.
  2. Faka iqabunga letiye elomile esitsheni esifudumele. Vala ngesivalo imizuzwana engu-5–10, bese uvula futhi uhlole iphunga leqabunga elifudumele (闻香, wén xiāng).
  3. Hlanza itiye (洗茶, xǐ chá): thela amanzi bese wehlisa ngokushesha. Inhloso «ukuvusa» iqabunga nokususa noma yiluphi uthuli olungaba khona.
  4. Ukuthela kokuqala: thela amanzi, ulinde imizuzwana engu-10–15. Thela uketshezi ku-chá hǎi (公道杯, gōngdào bēi) bese uthela ezinkomishini.
  5. Ukuthela okulandelayo: khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5–10 ekuphiseni ngakunye.
  6. I-Bái Ruìxiāng yekhwalithi enhle imelana nokuthelwa okuyisikhombisa kuye kwayishumi nanhlanu nangaphezulu, iveza izici ezihlukene ngokuphisa ngakunye — kusuka kwezimbali kuye kwezamaminerali.

10. Ukugcinwa:

• Gcina endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama enezinga lokushisa elingekho ngaphezu kwama-25°C nomswakama ohambisanayo ongekho ngaphezu kuka-60%.
• Sebenzisa iziqukathi ezingangeni umoya, ezingabonisi: izimbiza zobumba, iziqukathi zikathayela noma izikhwama ze-foil ezine-vacuum.
• Qaphela amaphunga angaphandle — ama-Dāncóng anamandla amakhulu okumunca amaphunga.
• Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa.
• Ukuvuthwa: Uma kugcinwe kahle futhi kuwoswe kahle, ama-Dāncóng awagcini nje ukugcina ikhwalithi iminyaka eminingana, kodwa futhi angathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuwosa kabusha ngezikhathi ezithile (复焙, fù bèi) kanye ngonyaka noma emibili kwelula impilo yetiye futhi kujulise ukunambitheka kwalo.

11. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa:

• Isigaba sentengo: I-Bái Ruìxiāng ingeyesigaba sentengo ephakathi-ephakeme nephezulu yama-Dāncóng. Intengo inqunywa ubudala besihlahla (itiye elivela ezihlahleni zaseLǎo Cóng, 老丛, libiza kakhulu), ukuphakama okutshalwe kukho, isikhathi sokuvuna (eyasentwasahlobo iyona ebaluleke kakhulu), ubungcweti bomkhiqizi nezinga lokuwosa. I-Bái Ruìxiāng evela ezihlahleni ezindala endaweni yase-Wūdǒng ingabiza kakhulu kunesivamile.

• Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:

  • Thenga kubaphakeli abathembekile abakhethekile bama-oolong aseGuangdong abanomlando ocacile wemvelaphi.
  • Hlola ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: i-Bái Ruìxiāng yangempela iyimichilo emikhulu, ephelele, esongwe ngokulinganayo enombala onsundu ngokumnyama noma onsundu-olive. Iqabunga eliphukile, elincane noma elomile kakhulu liyisizathu sokukhathazeka.
  • Iphunga leqabunga elomile kufanele libe lihlanzekile, limnandi ngezimbali, lingabi namaphunga angaphandle (okushisiwe, okumuncu, okunukayo).
  • Uketshezi — lucwebile, luyigolide-amber, lunephunga lezimbali elivezwayo esivalweni se-gàiwǎn. Uketshezi olunolaka noma olufiphele kukhomba ikhwalithi ephansi.
  • Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo «ye-Bái Ruìxiāng yase-Wūdǒng» iwuphawu lokushintshwa ngezinto ezishibhile ezivela ezindaweni eziphansi noma amasimu amancane.

12. Izinto Ezithakazelisayo:

• Igama elithi «Bái Ruìxiāng» lingelinye lamagama ambalwa phakathi kwama-Dāncóng anencazelo ekabili: njengencazelo yephunga, nanjengokubhekisa kwezitshalo esitshalweni esithile (Daphne odora). Lokhu kulenza lihluke phakathi kwama-Dāncóng «anegama», iningi lawo liqanjwe ngokufana okuqondile nephunga lembali noma lesithelo.
• Ezintabeni zaseFènghuáng kuhlala izihlahla zetiye ezingaphezu kweziyinkulungwane eziyishumi ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyi-100 ubudala — lona umhlaba omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wezihlahla zetiye ezindala ezitshaliwe. Ezinye izibonelo ze-Sòng Zhǒng (宋种, Sòng zhǒng) zineminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisithupha ubudala.
• Ukuwoswa ngamalahle kwendabuko kuwubungcweti obudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Umlilo kufanele ube «ophilayo» (活火, huó huǒ) — ongenantuthu, onokushisa okulinganayo. Ukuwoswa okungalungile kungacekela phansi wonke umsebenzi wezigaba ezandulele.
• Ngo-1996, uProfesa Dài Sùxián waseNyuvesi Yezolimo yaseHuánán wakhomba izinhlanganisela ezinamakha eziyi-104 kuma-Dāncóng — ngenxa yalokho abizwa ngokuthi «imimoya yetiye» (茶中香水, chá zhōng xiāngshuǐ).
• Inganekwane ngo-Yā Shǐ Xiāng (鸭屎香, «Iphunga Lebulongo Ledada»): umlimi onobuqili, ukuze avikele isihlahla esibalulekile ekuntshontshweni, wasinika ngamabomu igama elinyanyekayo — lendaba ikhomba amahlaya namasu avamile abalimi betiye baseFènghuáng.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-Dāncóng:

I-Bái Ruìxiāng inendawo ekhethekile phakathi kwama-Fènghuáng Dāncóng. Ngezansi ukuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zephunga eziseduze kakhulu:

• Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香, Mì Lán Xiāng) — «I-Orchid Yoju»: I-Dāncóng edume kakhulu nesakazeke kakhulu. Iphunga limnandi, licebile, linamanothi aqondile oju ne-orchid. Ukunambitheka — kuyaminyana, «kujiyile» uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Bái Ruìxiāng. I-Bái Ruìxiāng — intekenteke kakhudlwana, icolekile, igxile ekuqhakazeni kwezimbali eziyimpuphu, kanti i-Mì Lán Xiāng igqamile futhi imnandi ngokuju.

• Zhī Lán Xiāng (芝兰香, Zhī Lán Xiāng) — «Iphunga Le-orchid»: Itekenteke, izithiba, inephunga elihloniphekile le-orchid kanye nokuba khona kwe-isoeugenol emfanekisweni wephunga. Isondelene ne-Bái Ruìxiāng ngobuhle, kodwa ihluke ngesimo «esibandayo», esinamanzi.

• Yè Lái Xiāng (夜来香, Yè Lái Xiāng) — «I-Jasmine Yasebusuku»: Iphunga elinamandla, elinomuzwa, «elishisayo», elifana ne-tuberose nejasmine yasebusuku. Ihluke kakhulu kwi-Bái Ruìxiāng: uma eyokugcina ingumoya opholile wasekuseni nezimbali ezimhlophe, i-Yè Lái Xiāng ingumzwelo wasebusuku ofudumele waseningizimu.

• Yù Lán Xiāng (玉兰香, Yù Lán Xiāng) — «Iphunga Lemagnolia»: Iphunga eliphakeme, elihlanzekile, elicishe libe «nentambo» ye-magnolia. Linomoya omningi kune-Bái Ruìxiāng, kodwa lingaphansi kwayo ngokujula nangokuba nezendlalelo eziningi.

14. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Bái Ruìxiāng:

Ngaphakathi komhlwenga we-Bái Ruìxiāng kunezigaba, ezinquma isimo setiye eliphelele:

• Ngesikhathi sokuvuna: Eyasentwasahlobo (春茶, chūnchá) — ibaluleke kakhulu, inamandla amaningi ephunga nokuqukethwe kwama-amino acid. Eyasekwindla (秋茶, qiūchá) — «iqinile» ngokomzimba, inobumuncu obuvezwayo, ayinaphunga eliningi, kodwa inesakhiwo esihle.
• Ngezinga lokuwoswa (焙火, bèi huǒ):
  • Ukulula (清香型, qīngxiāng xíng) — kugqamisa iphunga lemvelo lezimbali, ubuncane nobusha. Kukahle ukujwayelana nohlobo.
  • Okuphakathi (中火, zhōng huǒ) — ibhalansi phakathi kwezimbali namanothi «omlilo»: okubhakiwe, i-caramel, inadi elincane.
  • Okuqinile (浓香型, nóngxiāng xíng) — amathoni ajulile enadi eligazingiwe, ushokoledi, izinkuni. Ubuzimbali buhlehla buya ngasemuva, kodwa kuqiniswa «ukuhlangana kwezintaba» okunamanzi.
• Ngobudala bezihlahla:
  • Izihlahla ezincane zamasimu (izitshalo ezintsha) — iphunga elihlanzekile, eligqamile, kodwa elingenakujula.
  • Lǎo Cóng (老丛, lǎo cóng) — izihlahla ezindala (iminyaka engama-50+) — zikhiqiza itiye elinokujula okukhethekile, ubumanzi kanye no-«yùn» (韵, yùn) ovezwayo — ikhwalithi okunzima ukuyichaza, abazi abayichaza ngokuthi «inhlekisa», «imvumelwano», «umzwelo».

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dāncóng Bái Ruìxiāng yitiye lalabo asebesendleleni kusukela ekujwayelaneni kokuqala ne-Mì Lán Xiāng kanye ne-Yā Shǐ Xiāng futhi sebefuna ukucwila emhlabeni womehluko omncane we-palette yaseFènghuáng. Ubuhle bayo obuyinhloko — yilona «phunga elimhlophe elimnandi», eliyinikeze igama: iphunga elimnene, eliyimpuphu nephunga lezimbali, elicishe libe nesinongo, elifana nephunga le-daphne engadini yasebusika. Lena akusiyona i-Dāncóng enomsindo omkhulu noma «eqondakala» kakhulu, kodwa kungenxa yalokho kuzithiba okuhloniphekile lapho amandla ayo eqiniso etholakala khona. I-Bái Ruìxiāng ivuza umphuzi onesineke nonaka: kusuka ekunikezelweni kuya kokunye iyavuleka, ifana nomqulu we-calligraphy, iveze izendlalelo ezintsha zencazelo — kusuka ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lezimbali kuya ekujuleni kwamaminerali kwezintaba zegranite zaseFènghuáng.