I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng

Uhlobo: I-oolong (ukuvutshelwa okuphakathi, 30-60%). Izinga lokuwosa lingahlukahluka.
Isigaba: Amatiye e-oolong asezingeni eliphezulu. Ingxenye yamaqembu etiye i-Dān Cóng (单丛, Dān Cóng), okusho “izihlahla ezizimele” noma “esihlahleni esisodwa”.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), idolobha lase-Chaozhou (潮州, Cháozhōu), izintaba ze-Fènghuáng (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān), ezaziwa nangokuthi izintaba ze-Phoenix. Idolobhana lase-Wudong (乌崬) esiqongweni sentaba i-Wudong yindawo edume kakhulu lapho itshalwa khona.
Izixhumanisi zomhlaba: Cishe u-23-24° enyakatho ye-latitude, 116-117° empumalanga ye-longitude.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Isiko lokutshala itiye ezintabeni ze-Fènghuáng lineminyaka engaphezu kuka-900. Ama-Dān Cóng, njengeqembu elihlukile lamatiye, aqala ukuhlukaniswa eminyakeni engaba ngu-100-150 edlule. I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ingenye yama-Dān Cóng amadala futhi adume kakhulu.
Igama:
- “Dān Cóng” (单丛) - “izihlahla ezizimele” noma “esihlahleni esisodwa”. Ngokomlando, itiye lalikhiwa futhi licutshungulwe esihlahleni ngasinye setiye, okwakuvumela ukugcinwa kwezimpawu zomngako wesihlahla. Namuhla lokhu akusalandelwa ngokuqinile, kodwa “Dān Cóng” kusasho ukuthi itiye livela ezihlahleni zohlobo oluthile/izinhlobo ezithile ngaphakathi kwepulazi elilodwa elincane.
- “Yā Shǐ Xiāng” (鸭屎香) - “Amakha Okukaka Kwamadada”. Kunezinguqulo ezimbalwa zemvelaphi yegama elingavamile kangaka:
  - Inganekwane ngomlimi: Inganekwane evame kakhulu ithi umlimi owathola leli tiye elinephunga elimnandi kakhulu wayefuna ukuligcina liyimfihlo. Lapho omakhelwane bebuza igama lalo, waliqamba igama elibi ngamabomu ukuze abenze bangafisi ukulizama.
  - Umhlabathi: Enye inguqulo ixhumanisa igama nombala kanye nokwakheka komhlabathi lapho kwakhula khona izihlahla zokuqala zalolu hlobo - uphuzi-nsundu, onamathelayo, ofana nokukaka kwamadada.
  - Isimo samacembe: Kunesiphakamiso sokuthi igama lihlobene nesimo samacembe, okuthi uma esomile afane nokukaka kwamadada.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Naphezu kwegama elingezwakali kahle, i-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ingenye yama-Dān Cóng ahlonishwa kakhulu futhi abiza kakhulu. Aziswa ngephunga lawo elihlukile, eliqhakazile lezimbali (okungelona neze iphunga lokukaka kwamadada), ukunambitheka ocebile, kanye nekhono lokumelana nokugxishwa kaningi.

3. Incazelo Yemithi Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo lwesitshalo: I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng akulona nje igama letiye, kodwa igama lohlobo oluthile lwesihlahla setiye esikhula ezintabeni ze-Fènghuáng. Njengawo wonke ama-Dān Cóng, i-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ayilona uhlobo ngomqondo oqinile wezitshalo, kodwa kunalokho iwuhlobo lwendawo, olwakheke ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemvelo kanye nezimo eziyingqayizivele zokukhula. Lolu hlobo luhluke ngalokhu:
- Amaqabunga amakhulu: Amaqabunga e-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ngokuvamile makhulu, amade, anemithambo egqamile.
- Ukuminyana kweqabunga: Iqabunga liminyene, linesikhumba.
- Umbala oluhlaza okotshani ngokujulile: Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani onothile, kwesinye isikhathi onombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Iphunga elikhethekile: Uhlobo lwe-Yā Shǐ Xiāng luphawuleka ngephunga lezimbali elinamandla, elivelele kakade ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla.
- Isivuno esikhulu: I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ingenye yezinhlobo ezinomkhiqizo omkhulu kunawo wonke kuma-Dān Cóng.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwenzeka ngokuvamile entwasahlobo, kodwa kungenziwa nasehlobo nasekwindla. I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng yasentwasahlobo ibhekwa njengeyigugu kakhulu.
Izinga lokuvuna: Kuvunwa ihlumela kanye namaqabunga amabili noma amathathu aphezulu, kwesinye isikhathi amane.
Izidingo zempahla: Ziphakeme. Kusetshenziswa amaqabunga anempilo kuphela, angenakho ukulimala.

4. Indawo Yokukhula Nezici Zokutshala:

Izintaba ze-Fènghuáng (Izintaba ze-Phoenix): Uhla lwezintaba olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong. Izintaba zakhiwe ikakhulukazi nge-granite kanye namatshe entabamlilo. Zinobuhle obumangalisayo, umoya ohlanzekile kanye nenkungu eningi.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Amasimu etiye asendaweni ephakeme ukusuka ku-400 kuya ku-1500 amamitha ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Amatiye asezintabeni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000) ahlonishwa kakhulu, njengoba kukholelwa ukuthi anokunambitheka okuthambile nephunga elihle kakhulu.
Umhlabathi: Umhlabathi unezintaba, uvame ukuba namadwala, udonsa amanzi kahle, ucebile ngamaminerali. Umhlabathi lapho kukhula khona i-Yā Shǐ Xiāng uvame ukuba nombala ophuzi-nsundu.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu sase-subtropical monsoon, esinobusika obufudumele, obunomswakama kanye nehlobo elishisayo, elinamvula. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka liphakathi kuka-21°C. Umswakama ophakeme kanye nenkungu evamile kudala izimo ezikahle zokutshala itiye.
Izici ezikhethekile: Izihlahla eziningi zetiye ezintabeni ze-Fènghuáng zindala kakhulu, ezineminyaka engamakhulu amaningana. Zibizwa nge-”Lǎo Cōng” (老枞) - “Izihlahla Ezindala”. Kukholelwa ukuthi itiye elivela kulezi zihlahla linokunambitheka okujulile nokuyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi, isici sokutshala ukusetshenziswa okuncane, noma ukuntuleka okuphelele komanyolo wezitshalo kanye nezibulala-zinambuzane.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng buhlanganisa izindlela zendabuko zokwenza amatiye e-oolong kanye nezici eziyingqayizivele ezivamile esifundeni sase-Chaozhou.

Ukuvuna (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Kuchaziwe ngenhla.
Ukubhula (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Amaqabunga avuniwe andlalwa emoyeni ovulekile (ukubhula elangeni noma emthunzini) noma endlini amahora ambalwa. Inhloso ukususa ingxenye yomswakama emaqabungeni, ukuwathambisa futhi kuqale inqubo yokuvutshelwa.
Ukunyakazisa (摇青 - yáo qīng): Amaqabunga anyakaziswa ngobunono bese enyakanyiswa ezitsheni ze-bamboo. Lesi sigaba senziwa izikhathi ezimbalwa kube nokuphumula kwamaqabunga. Nge-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ukunyakazisa kwenziwa ngobunono ngokuvamile, ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho bamaqabunga futhi kukhuliswe iphunga lezimbali.
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵 - fājiào): Inqubo ye-oxidation eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokunyakazisa kanye “nokuphumula” kwamaqabunga. Izinga lokuvutshewa kwe-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ngokuvamile liphakathi (30-60%), kodwa lingahlukahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi kanye nokunambitheka okufunwayo.
«Ukubulala uhlaza» (杀青 - shā qīng): Ukugazinga ngokushisa okukhulu ukuze kumiswe inqubo yokuvutshelwa. Nge-Yā Shǐ Xiāng kuvame ukusetshenziswa izinga lokushisa elingelona eliphezulu kakhulu kulesi sigaba, ukuze kugcinwe amanothi e-imbali.
Ukusonga (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Amaqabunga anikwa isimo esisongwe ngobude. Ukusonga kungaba ngesandla noma ngomshini. Nge-Yā Shǐ Xiāng, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ukusonga okuhamba ngobude, okugqamisa ukwakheka kweqabunga.
Ukomisa (烘干 - hōnggān): Itiye lomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama. Kulesi sigaba kungenziwa ukugazinga okulula noma okujulile, kuye ngokunambitheka okufunwayo.
Ukuhlunga (分级 - fēnjí): Itiye eseliphelile lihlungwa ngosayizi kanye nekhwalithi.

6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngezwa:

Isimo seqabunga elomile: Amaqabunga amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa, asongwe ngobude, anombala onsundu ngokuthile, obomvu ngokuthile. Kungaba khona ama-stalk. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala ama-tip ambozwe uboya obusagolide, kodwa hhayi ngobuningi njengasematiyeni amhlophe.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Likhanya kakhulu, linamandla, lenziwa izimbali, linamanothi ayingqayizivele okunzima ukuwadidanisa namanye ama-Dān Cóng. Naphezu kwegama, akukho phunga elibi ephungwini. Esikhundleni salokho, kunamanothi ezimbali avame ukuhlanganiswa ne-gardenia, i-jasmine, i-lily of the valley, i-magnolia, kanye namanothi wamabhisikidi e-creamy, ubisi olujiyile, izithelo zase-tropical. Kungaba khona amanothi okuwosa.
Iphunga lokugxishwa: Linothile, limbozayo, limnandi, linamanothi ezimbali agqamile, amanothi ezithelo, uju, kwesinye isikhathi linobumuncu obuncane.
Ukunambitheka: Kunothile, kugcwele, kunamafutha, kumnandi, kunebuhlungu obuncane kanye nobumuncu obuqabulayo. Kule bouquet kugcwele amanothi ezimbali, ngamanothi ezithelo (ipentshi, i-litchi, umango), uju, ukhephu, nokunambitheka okuqhubekayo okumnandi.
Umbala wokugxishwa: Kusuka empilweni osasagolide ukuya e-amber osawolintshi, kuyabonakala, kuhlanzekile. Umbala wokugxishwa uncike ezingeni lokuvutshelwa nokuwosa.
Iqabunga elisele (iqabunga eligxishiwe): Amaqabunga aphelele, avaliwe, avulekile emva kokugxishwa, anombala oluhlaza okotshani onsundu ngokuthile anamaphethelo abomvu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng igcwele:

Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): Izinto ezilwa nama-oxidant.
Ama-amino acid: Kubandakanya i-L-theanine.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amafutha abalulekile: Okuningi kwamafutha abalulekile, ikakhulukazi anephunga lezimbali.
Amavithamini: C, uqembu B, E, K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluorine, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umthelela onika amandla: Kunika amandla, kuqeda ukukhathala, kwandisa ukukhiqiza komsebenzi, kuthuthukisa ukugxila.
Umthelela we-anti-oxidant: Kuvikela amaseli ekulimaleni okubangelwa ama-free radical, kubambezeleka izinqubo zokuguga.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya: Kukhuthaza ukugaya, kusiza ekumunyeniyeni kokudla.
Ukufudumeza: Kufudumeza kahle ngesikhathi esibandayo.
Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Kungasiza ekwehliseni izinga “le-cholesterol embi”, kwaqinise izindonga zemithambo.
Umthelela wokuphumula: Naphezu komthelela onika amandla, iphunga kanye ne-L-theanine e-mtiyeni kusiza ekuphumuleni nasekuqedeni ukucindezeleka.
Ukuphakamisa umoya: Kunikeza umuzwa wokuvumelana, injabulo kanye nokwaneliseka.

9. Ukugxisha:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90-95°C (ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi). Ezinkethweni ezingawosiwe kakhulu futhi eziluhlaza kakhulu kungasetshenziswa amanzi angu 85-90°C.
Inani letiye: Amagremu ayi-5-7 kumamitha ayi-150-200 ml amanzi.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan (inkomishi yesi-Chinese yesintu enesikhubuzelo) noma idizela yobumba eyenziwe ngodaka lwase-Yixing ifanele kahle. Kungenziwa futhi kusetshenziswe izitsha ze-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumeza izitsha: Gcwalisa i-gaiwan noma idizela ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Ukugeza itiye (ukuthela okusheshayo): Faka itiye ku-gaiwan, uthele ingcosana yamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha ngokushesha.
3. Ukugxisha kokuqala: Thela itiye ngamanzi ashisayo (90-95°C) bese uligcobe imizuzwana embalwa ukuya emzuzwini ongu-1 (ukuthela kokuqala). Isikhathi sokugxisha kokuqala singaba sifushane kakhulu, kube ngemizuzwana eyi-5-15, ikakhulukazi uma itiye likhwalithi enhle.
4. Thela ukugxishwa ezinkomishini: Khipha ngokuphelele ukugxishwa kusuka ku-gaiwan noma edizela ukuyise ethangeni (i-slider), bese uthela ezinkomishini.
5. Ukugxisha okuphindwayo: I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng ingagxishwa izikhathi eziningi (7-10, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu), usanda isikhathi sokugcoba ngemizuzwana eyi-10-30 ngokuthela okulandelayo. Ngokuthela ngakunye, ukunambitheka nephunga letiye kuzoshintsha, kuveze izici ezintsha.

Amanothi abalulekile:

Ungaligcobi isikhathi eside kakhulu: Ukugcoba isikhathi eside kakhulu kungenza ukunambitheka kwetiye kubebe kube buhlungu futhi kube munyu.
Lalela itiye: Yisekele emizweni yakho futhi ulungise isikhathi sokugxisha kuye ngamandla wokugxishwa owafunayo.
Bukisisa itiye: Qaphela umbala wokugxishwa, iphunga, ukuvuleka kweqabunga letiye.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng kufanele igcinwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama, epholile, esitsheni esivaleka kahle (esitsheni sobumba, se-porcelain, sengilazi noma sezinsimbi), kude namaphunga angaphandle.

11. Intengo Kanye Nokukhwabanisa:

I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng ingelinye lamatiye abizayo, asezingeni eliphezulu. Intengo yayo ingahlukahluka kakhulu, ukusuka emadola ambalwa ku-100 amagremu kuye emadola angamakhulu amaningana ngesisindo esifanayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi:

Iminyaka yezihlahla: Itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala (“Lǎo Cōng”) lihlonishwa kakhulu.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Itiye lasezintabeni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000) libiza kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ukuthi kusetshenziswa amahlumela akhethiwe kanye namaqabunga amancane noma izinto ezivuthiwe.
Ubuciko bomkhiqizi: Isipiliyoni nodumo lomkhiqizi wezandla owakhiqiza itiye kuthinta kakhulu intengo.
Izinga nekhwalithi yokuwosa: Ukugazinga ngesandla ngamalahle, okwenziwa ngudokotela wesandla onolwazi, kwandisa kakhulu inani letiye.
Ukungajwayelekile: Umthamo wokukhiqiza onomkhawulo kanye nokufunwa okuphezulu kwenza leli tiye libize.
Ukufunwa: Ukufunwa okuphezulu kwama-Dān Cóng nakho kuthinta intengo.

Ngenxa yentengo ephezulu nokuthandwa, emakethe, ngeshwa, kunemikhonyo eminingi kanye nezinto ezi-imitating. Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:

Thenga kuphela kubathengisi abathembekile: Bheka izitolo zetiye ezikhethekile ezinegama elihle, ezikhathalela amakhasimende azo futhi ezingakunikeza ulwazi olunembile mayelana nemvelaphi yetiye, unyaka wokuvuna, umkhiqizi. Kufanele futhi bakuqinisekise ubuqotho nekhwalithi.
Qapha intengo ephansi kakhulu: Intengo ephansi ngokumangalisayo cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iyisibonakaliso sokuphamba. I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng yangempela ngeke ibize kancane. Khumbula ukuthi izimangaliso azenzeki.
Hlola ngokucophelela ukubukeka: Qaphela isimo, umbala, nokuphelela kwamaqabunga. Kufanele ahambelane nencazelo enikezwe ngenhla. Ukuba khona kwamaqabunga amaningi aphukile, uthuli, kanye nokungcola akungeniswa, kuyisibonakaliso sekhwalithi ephansi noma ukukhohlisa.
Hlola iphunga: Itiye elomile kufanele libe nephunga elinothile kakhulu, eliyinkimbinkimbi elinamanothi ezimbali avelele (i-gardenia, i-jasmine, i-lily of the valley), amanothi wamabhisikidi e-creamy, ubisi olujiyile, izithelo zase-tropical. Gwema itiye elinephunga elibuthakathaka, elingacacile, elimanzi noma elephunga elingaqondakali. Ukufakwa kwephunga okwenziwa ngamakhemikhali, okusetshenziswa kwesinye isikhathi abathengisi abangathembekile, ngokuvamile kudalwa ngiphunga elibukhali ngokweqile, elingelona elingokwemvelo.
Hlola ukugxishwa kanye neqabunga letiye: Umbala wokugxishwa kufanele ube kusuka kumthubi osagolide uye ku-amber osawolintshi, ukubone kube kahle. Iqabunga elisele kufanele liqhamuke nge-maqabunga aphelele, avaliwe.
Qapha kakhulu lapho uthenga i-Yā Shǐ Xiāng yezihlahla ezindala (“Lǎo Cōng”) noma evela edolobhaneni lase-Wudong: Ngenxa yomthamo wokukhiqiza onomkhawulo kanye nokufunwa okuphezulu, itiye lalezi zigaba livame ukukhohliswa.

12. Izinto Ezithokozisayo:

“Ukukaka kwamadada” - iqhinga lokukhohlisa: Njengoba inganekwane isho, umlimi owaqala ukuthola lolu hlobo, wasabalalisa ngamabomu amahlebezi ngephunga elibi, ukuze axoshe abancintisana naye futhi agcine itiye liyimfihlo.
Isivuno esikhulu: I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ingenye yezinhlobo ezinomkhiqizo omkhulu kunawo wonke kuma-Dān Cóng, okuyenza ifinyeleleke kakhudlwana kunezinye izinhlobonhlobo ezingajwayelekile.
Itiye lokuzishintsha kombala: Iphunga le-Yā Shǐ Xiāng lingashintsha kuye ngonyaka wesivuno, indawo yokutshala, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula, kodwa amanothi ezimbali (ikakhulukazi e-gardenia) ahlala eyinkomba engaguquki.

13. Ukuqhathanisa namanye ama-Dān Cóng:

Mǐ Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香 - “Amakha Olwembali Olunjongo”): Eqhathaniswa “isihlobo” se-Yā Shǐ Xiāng, njengoba zombili izinhlobo zivela esifundeni sinye futhi zinezimpawu ezifanayo. I-Mǐ Lán Xiāng, ngokuvamile, inamanothi eju avelele ephungeni, kanti ku-Yā Shǐ Xiāng kubusa amanothi ezimbali (i-gardenia, i-jasmine).
Zhī Lán Xiāng (芝兰香 - “Amakha Olwembali lwe-Zhi Lan”): Yehluke ngephunga lezimbali elihle kakhulu nelibanzi, elinamanothi e-orchid agqamile. I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng inephunga elikhanya futhi eligcwele kakhulu, elinamabanga amaningana.
Xìng Rén Xiāng (杏仁香 - “Amakha Olwamangisi”): Le Dān Cóng inephunga le-almond elichazayo, eliyenza ihluke ku-Yā Shǐ Xiāng.
Ròu Guì Xiāng (肉桂香 - “Amakha E-Cinnamon”): Inephunga elicace bha le-cinnamon, okwenza ingafani ne-Yā Shǐ Xiāng.

14. Amagama Ahlukile Kanye Nama-Homonym:

Ngesinye isikhathi kunokushiwo ukuthi “Dà Wū Yè” (大乌叶) iyigama elihlukile le-Yā Shǐ Xiāng, kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi ngempela.

Dà Wū Yè (大乌叶, Dà Wū Yè): Lihunyushwa ngokuthi “Amaqabunga Amakhulu Amnyama”. Lena uhlobo oluhlukile lwesihlahla setiye, nalo iyingxenye yama-Dān Cóng, kodwa akusilo igama elifanayo ne-Yā Shǐ Xiāng. Lunekhala elikhulu lamaqabunga kanye nokunambitheka nephunga okuhluke kancane. Yize kunjalo, abanye abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa amaqabunga e-Dà Wū Yè ukukhiqiza itiye ngaphansi kwegama elithi “Yā Shǐ Xiāng”, okudala ukudideka.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng i-oolong eyingqayizivele futhi enengqondo, okuthi, naphezu kwegama elingezwakali kahle, inqoba izinhliziyo zabathandi betiye emhlabeni wonke. Iphunga layo eliqhakazile, elinezici eziningi lezimbali elinamanothi e-gardenia, i-jasmine namabhisikidi e-creamy, ukunambitheka ocebile, okugcwele okunamanothi ezithelo noju, kanye nokunambitheka okuqhubekayo okumnandi kuyenza ibe yigugu langempela phakathi kwama-oolong. Leli tiye akusilo nje isiphuzo, kodwa liwumsebenzi wobuciko wangempela, odalwe ngokuvumelana nemvelo futhi ocijiswe ngamasiko asekhulwini leminyaka. Ukuzama i-Dān Cóng Yā Shǐ Xiāng yangempela kusho ukuthola umhlaba omangalisayo wezintaba ze-Phoenix, uzwe amandla namandla ezihlahla zetiye zasendulo futhi ujabulele ukuphelela kwetiye langempela. Leli tiye elenzelwe izikhathi ezikhethekile, ukuphuza itiye ngokungenamajubane, ngokucabanga, lapho ufisa ukucwiliswa emhlabeni wokunambitheka okuhloniphekile namakha, uzwe ukuvumelana futhi uthole izinkumbulo ezingenakukhohlwa.