Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng · new.thetea.app

Uhlobo: Ulong (izinga lokuvutshelwa ngokuvamile liphakathi, 30-60%). Izinga lokugazingwa lingahluka, kodwa ngokuvamile liphakathi noma ngaphezulu kwephakathi.
Isigaba: Amatiye asezingeni eliphezulu, angavamile, aqoqwayo e-Ulong. Kuyingxenye yeqembu lamatiye i-Dān Cóng (单丛, Dān Cóng), okusho ukuthi “izihlahla eziwodwa” noma “kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa”.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Guangdong (广东, Guǎngdōng), idolobha lase-Chaozhou (潮州, Cháozhōu), izintaba ze-Fenguang (凤凰山, Fènghuáng Shān), ezaziwa nangokuthi Izintaba zeFeniksi. Idolobhana lase-Wudong (乌崬) esiqongweni sentaba i-Wudong yindawo edume kakhulu lapho kutshalwa khona, lapho okukholelwa ukuthi kukhula khona izihlahla ezindala kakhulu.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-23-24° nyakatho nelatitude, 116-117° empumalanga nelongitude.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: I-Sòng Zhǒng ibhekwa njengenye yama-Dān Cóng amadala kakhulu. Ngokwenganekwane, umlando wayo ubuyela emuva ngezikhathi zoBukhosi bakwa-Song (960-1279), lapho kwavela khona igama. Kuthiwa ezintabeni ze-Fenguang kunamahlahla amaningana amadala kakhulu etiye, okulinganiselwa ukuthi aneminyaka engama-600-900 ubudala, futhi yiwona abhekwa njengabasunguli besizinhlobo ze-Sòng Zhǒng.
Igama:
- “Dān Cóng” (单丛) – “izihlahla eziwodwa” noma “kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa”. Ngokomlando, itiye lalivunwa futhi licutshungulwe lisuka esihlahleni ngasinye ngokuhlukana. Namuhla lokhu akusalandelwa ngokuqinile, kodwa “Dān Cóng” namanje kusho ukuthi itiye livela ezihlahleni zohlobo oluthile/izinhlobonhlobo ezithile endaweni eyodwa encane yokutshala.
- “Sòng Zhǒng” (宋种) – “Uhlobo lwase-Song”, “Uhlobo lwe-Song” noma “Uhlobo [lwezikhathi] zoBukhosi bakwa-Song”. Kukhomba ebudaleni obucatshangelwayo balesi sinhlobo.
Ukubaluleka Kwamasiko: I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng ayilona nje itiye, kodwa iwumlando ophilayo, ingxenye yamagugu amasiko e-China. Yaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokungavamili kwayo, ubudala bayo obuhloniphekile, iphrofayili yayo yokunambitheka ehlukile, futhi ibhekwa njengenye yama-Dān Cóng ahlonishwa kakhulu futhi abizayo. Leli itiye lezikhathi ezikhethekile, labathandi beqiniso kanye nabaqoqi.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo: I-Sòng Zhǒng akulona nje igama letiye, kodwa yigama lohlobo oluhlukile lwamahlahla etiye akhula ezintabeni ze-Fenguang. Njengawo wonke ama-Dān Cóng, i-Sòng Zhǒng ayilona uhlobo ngomqondo oqinile wezitshalo, kodwa uhlobo lwasendaweni, olwakhiwe ngokukhethwa kwemvelo kanye nezimo ezihlukile zokukhula. Lolu hlobo luhluke ngalokhu:
- Amaqabunga amakhulu: Amaqabunga e-Sòng Zhǒng, ngokuvamile, makhulu, abanzi, anenyama.
- Ukuminyana kwesiyingi seqabunga: Isiyingi seqabunga siminyene, sinesikhumba.
- Umbala oluhlaza-mnyama wamaqabunga: Amaqabunga anombala ogcwele oluhlaza-mnyama.
- Iphunga eliqavile: Uhlobo lwe-Sòng Zhǒng luhluke ngephunga elinamandla, elihlukile, elivele ngesikhathi sokukhula kwesihlahla.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwenzeka, ngokuvamile, entwasahlobo. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-Sòng Zhǒng yasentwasahlobo.
Izinga lokuvuna: Kuvunwa igatshana kanye namaqabunga amabili kuya kwamathathu aphezulu, ngezinye izikhathi namane.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ziphakeme kakhulu. Kusetshenziswa kuphela amaqabunga anempilo, angonakali asuka ezihlahleni ezithile, ngokuvamile ezindala kakhulu (“Lǎo Cōng”).

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokukhulisa:

Izintaba ze-Fenguang (Izintaba zeFeniksi): Uhla lwezintaba olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yesifundazwe sase-Guangdong. Izintaba zakhiwe, ikakhulukazi, nge-granite namatshe entabamlilo. Zihluke ngokubukeka kahle kwemvelo, umoya ohlanzekile kanye nenkungu eningi.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Amasimu etiye atholakala ekuphakameni okusuka kumamitha angama-400 kuya kwayi-1500 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Amatiye asezintabeni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwe-1000 m) aziswa kakhulu. Idolobhana lase-Wudong, lapho kukhula khona amahlahla amadala kakhulu, likuphakama cishe kwama-1100-1300 m.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi isezintabeni, ngokuvamile inamatshe, idonsa amanzi kahle, igcwele amaminerali.
Isimo sezulu: Isifunda esishisayo se-monsoon, nobusika obufudumele, obunomswakama kanye nehlobo elishisayo, elinemvula. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka eliphakathi nendawo licishe libe ngu-21°C. Umswakama ophakeme kanye nenkungu evamile kudala izimo ezifanele zokukhulisa itiye.
Izici ezikhethekile: Amahlahla amaningi etiye ezintabeni ze-Fenguang madala kakhulu, aneminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa ubudala. Abizwa ngokuthi “Lǎo Cōng” (老枞) – “Amahlahla Amadala”. Kukholelwa ukuthi itiye elivela emahlahleni anjalo linokunambitheka okujulile, okuyinkimbinkimbi kanye namandla anamandla. Kwi-Sòng Zhǒng, i-“Lǎo Cōng” ibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba izihlahla ezindala zalolu hlobo zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng buhlanganisa izindlela zendabuko zokwenza amatiye e-Ulong kanye nezici ezihlukile ezijwayelekile esifundeni sase-Chaozhou.

Ukuvuna (采摘 - cǎi zhāi): Kuchazwe ngenhla.
Ukuncipha (萎凋 - wěidiāo): Amaqabunga avuniwe andlalwa emoyeni ovulekile (ukuncipha kwelanga noma emthunzini) noma endlini amahora ambalwa. Inhloso ukususa ingxenye yomswakama emaqabungeni, ukwenza abe thambile futhi kuqalise inqubo yokuvutshelwa.
Ukugwedlezela (摇青 - yáo qīng): Amaqabunga agwedlezwa ngobumnene futhi anyakaziswe emathisheni oqalo. Lesi sigaba senziwa izikhathi ezimbalwa ngamakhefu okuba amaqabunga “aphumule”. Kwi-Sòng Zhǒng ukugwedlezela ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngobumnene ukuze kugcinwe isimo esiphelele samaqabunga.
Ukuvutshelwa (发酵 - fājiào): Inqubo ye-oxidation eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokugwedlezela noku“kuphumula” kwamaqabunga. Izinga lokuvutshelwa kwe-Sòng Zhǒng ngokuvamile liphakathi (30-60%), kodwa lingahluka kuye ngomkhiqizi kanye nephrofayili yokunambitheka efiselekayo.
“Ukubulawa kohlaza” (杀青 - shā qīng): Ukugazingwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ukuze kuyekiswe inqubo yokuvutshelwa.
Ukusontwa (揉捻 - róuniǎn): Amaqabunga anikezwa isimo esisontwe ngobude. Ukusontwa kungenziwa ngesandla noma ngomshini.
Ukomiswa (烘干 - hōnggān): Itiye liyomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama. Kulesi sigaba kungenziwa ukugazinga okulula noma okuqinile kakhulu, kuye ngephrofayili yokunambitheka efiselekayo. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa ukugazinga okuphindaphindiwe noku“phumula” phakathi kwawo.
Ukuhlungwa (分级 - fēnjí): Itiye eliseliphelele lihlungwa ngobukhulu nangekhwalithi.

6. Izimpawu Zokuzwa:

Isimo sangaphandle samaqabunga omile: Amaqabunga amakhudlwana, asontwe ngobude, anombala onsundu-mnyama, onsundu ngokubomvu. Kungaba khona imishipa. Ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala amathiphu ambozwe uboya obusagolide.
Iphunga lamagqabi omile: Linothile kakhulu, ligcwele, lijulile, linamakha ezimbali (i-orchid, i-gardenia), izithelo (ipentshisi, i-litchi, i-longan), uju, izinongo, imininingwane yokhuni. Kungaba khona amakha okugazinga, amantongomane, i-caramel. Iphunga le-Sòng Zhǒng livame ukuchazwa njengeliyinkimbinkimbi, elinamacala amaningi, “elinobudala”.
Iphunga lokugxila: Linamandla, liyabopha, limnandi, linamakha ezimbali-nezithelo agqamile, imininingwane yoju, izinongo, ngezinye izikhathi line-asidi encane.
Ukunambitheka: Kugcwele, kunothile, kunamafutha, kunoshukela, kunobumnene obukrakra kanye nokumnandi okusha. Kuyo yonke inhlanganisela, amakha ezimbali, izithelo noju abusa, okunemininingwane yezinongo, amantongomane, ukhuni, okunokunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumnandi. Ukunambitheka kwe-Sòng Zhǒng kuhluke ngokujula okukhethekile kanye nobunkimbinkimbi, ngemininingwane ecashile evezwa kancane kancane.
Umbala wokugxila: Kusukela kumbala wegolide ophuzi kuya ku-amber owolintshi noma onsundu obomvu, obonakalayo, ohlanzekile. Umbala wokugxila uncike ezingeni lokuvutshelwa nokugazinga.
Iphansi letiye (iqabunga elagezwa): Amaqabunga aphelele, aqinile, avuleke ngemva kokugxilwa, anombala oluhlaza onsundu okanye nemiphetho nemithambo ebomvu.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng igcwele:

Ama-polyphenol (ama-catechin): Ama-antioxidant.
Ama-amino acid: Kuhlanganisa ne-L-theanine.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amafutha abalulekile: Izinga eliphezulu lamafutha abalulekile abangela iphunga elinothile letiye.
Amavithamini: C, eqembu B, E, K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluoride, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Umphumela wokuqinisa amandla: Kuyaphilisa, kususa ukukhathala, kwandisa ukusebenza, kuthuthukisa ukugxila.
Umphumela we-antioxidant: Kuvikela amaseli ekulimaleni okubangelwa ama-radical mahhala, kubambezela izinqubo zokwaluphala.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugaya ukudla: Kuvuselela ukugaya ukudla, kusiza ekufunxeni ukudla.
Umphumela wokufudumeza: Kufudumeza kahle ngesikhathi sezulu esibandayo.
Isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Kungasiza ekwehliseni izinga le-“cholesterol embi”, kuqinise izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
Umphumela wokuphumula: Naphezu komphumela wokuqinisa amandla, iphunga kanye ne-L-theanine etiyeni kusiza ekuphumuleni nasekususeni ukucindezeleka.
Ukuphakamisa isimo sokwengqondo: Kunikeza umuzwa wokuvumelana, injabulo nokwenama.

9. Ukugxilwa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90-95°C (ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi).
Inani letiye: Amagremu ama-5-7 kumililitha eyi-150-200 amanzi.
Izitsha: Kufaneleke ngokuphelele i-gàiwǎn (inkomishi yendabuko yaseShayina enesembozo) noma igabha lobumba le-Yixing. Futhi kungasetshenziswa izitsha ze-porcelain.
Inqubo:
1. Ukufudumala izitsha: Geza i-gàiwǎn noma igabha ngamanzi abilayo.
2. Ukugeza itiye (ukuthela okusheshayo): Faka itiye ku-gàiwǎn, uthele ingcosana yamanzi ashisayo bese uwakhipha ngokushesha amanzi.
3. Ukugxila kokuqala: Thela itiye ngamanzi ashisayo (90-95°C) bese uligxila kusukela emasekhondini ambalwa kuya emzuzwini owodwa (ukuthela kokuqala). Isikhathi sokugxila kokuqala singaba sifushane kakhulu, ngokoqobo imizuzwana eyi-5-15.
4. Thela ukugxila ezinkomishini: Khipha ngokuphelele ukugxila ku-gàiwǎn noma egabheni ukuyi-cha-hai (isitsha sokuthela), bese uthela ezinkomishini.
5. Ukugxila okuphindaphindiwe: I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng ingagxilwa izikhathi eziningi (izikhathi eziyisi-7-10, ngezinye izikhathi nangaphezulu), ngokwandisa kancane kancane isikhathi sokugxila ngemizuzwana eyi-10-30 ngokuthela okulandelayo. Ngokuthela ngakunye, ukunambitheka nephunga letiye kuyoshintsha, kuveze amacala amasha.

Imininingwane ebalulekile:

Ungalugcini isikhathi eside kakhulu: Ukugxila isikhathi eside kakhulu kungenza ukunambitheka kwetiye kube buhlungu futhi kubemuncu.
Lalela itiye: Landela imizwa yakho futhi ulungise isikhathi sokugxila ngokuya ngamandla wokugxila ofiselekayo.
Bukela itiye: Nakana umbala wokugxila, iphunga, nokuvuleka kweqabunga letiye.

10. Ukugcinwa:

I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng kufanele igcinwe endaweni eyomile, emnyama, epholile, esitsheni esivalekayo (se-ceramic, se-porcelain, sengilazi noma setin), kude namaphunga angaphandle. 11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng ingelinye lamatiye abizayo, asezingeni eliphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuxoxwa ngetiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala (“Lǎo Cōng”). Intengo yayo ingahluka kakhulu, kusukela emadola angamashumi ambalwa ngamagremu ayi-100 kuya emadola angamakhulu ambalwa ngesisindo esifanayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungaphezulu kakhulu, kuye ngalokhu:

Ubuhlakani bamahlahla: Itiye elivela emahlahleni amadala (“Lǎo Cōng”) libaluleke kakhulu. Kuthandwa kakhulu izibonelo ezivunwe ezihlahleni ezithile, ezindala kakhulu nezidumile.
Ukuphakama kokutshala: Itiye lasentabeni ephakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1000) libiza kakhulu.
Ikhwalithi yezinto zokusetshenziswa: Ingabe kusetshenziswa amagatshana akhethiwe namaqabunga amancane noma izinto ezivuthiwe kakhulu.
Ubungcweti bomkhiqizi: Isipiliyoni kanye nodumo lwengcweti yetiye ekhiqize leli tiye kunomthelela omkhulu entengo.
Izinga nekhwalithi yokugazinga: Ukugazinga ngesandla emalahleni, okwenziwa ingcweti enesipiliyoni, kwenyusa kakhulu inani letiye.
Ukungavamili: I-Sòng Zhǒng iyitiye elingavamile, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zalo, ngokwesibonelo, ezivela ezihlahleni ezithile ezindala, azivamile nakakhulu futhi, ngokufanele, ziyabiza.
Isidingo: Isidingo esikhulu sama-Dān Cóng naso sinomthelela entengo.

Ngenxa yentengo ephezulu nokuthandwa, emakethe, ngeshwa, kuningi okokukhohlisa nokulingisa. Ungakugwema Kanjani Ukukhohlisa:

Thenga kuphela kubadayisi abathembekile: Funana nezitolo zetiye ezikhethekile ezinodumo oluhle, ezazisa amakhasimende azo futhi ezinganikeza ulwazi olunembile mayelana nemvelaphi yetiye, unyaka wokuvunwa, umkhiqizi. Kufanele futhi baqinisekise ubuqiniso nekhwalithi yalo.
Qaphela intengo ephansi kakhulu: Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo – cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi iwuphawu oluqinisekile lokukhohlisa. I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng yangempela ayikwazi ukushibhile.
Hlolisisa ukubukeka ngokucophelela: Nakana ukuma, umbala, nokuphelela kwamaqabunga. Kufanele ahambisane nencazelo enikezwe ngenhla. Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga aphukile, uthuli, ukungcola okungaphandle kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi noma ukukhohlisa.
Hlaziya iphunga: Itiye elomile kufanele libe nephunga elinothile, eliyinkimbinkimbi elinamakha ajwayelekile ezimbali, izithelo, uju, izinongo. Gwema itiye elinephunga elibuthakathaka, elingachazeki, elinephunga lokuntengantenga noma elingaphandle. Ukwengezwa kwephunga lokufakelwa, ngezinye izikhathi okusetshenziswa abadayisi abangenantembeko, ngokuvamile kuyadalulwa yiphunga eliqine ngokweqile, elingelona elempela.
Hlola ukugxila nephansi letiye: Umbala wokugxila kufanele ube kusukela kumagolide ophuzi kuya ku-amber owolintshi noma onsundu obomvu, ubonakale. Iphansi letiye kufanele libe namaqabunga aphelele, aqinile.
Qaphela kakhulu uma uthenga i-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng “Lǎo Cōng” (eyamahlahla amadala): Ngenxa yomthamo omncane wokukhiqiza kanye nesidingo esikhulu, itiye elivela ezihlahleni zakudala livamise ukukhohliswa kakhulu.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Itiye eliphila isikhathi eside: Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zetiye ezivela emahlahleni ubudala bawo obungafinyelela eminyakeni engama-600-900.
Inganekwane ephilayo: Leli tiye ligcwele izinganekwane nezinsumansumane, okwenza lithandeke nakakhulu kubathandi.
Itiye lokuzindla: Ngenxa yokunambitheka kwalo okunothile, iphunga kanye nomphumela wokuqinisa amandla, i-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng ivamise ukusetshenziselwa imicikilisho yetiye nokuzindla.
Izihlanganisela zokudla: I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng ihambisana kahle noshizi omdala, amantongomane, izithelo ezomisiwe, kanye nezidlo zase-Canton.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye ama-Dān Cóng:

Mì Lán Xiāng (蜜兰香 – “Iphunga le-orchid yoju”): Okuyiwona Dān Cóng owaziwa kakhulu. I-Mì Lán Xiāng, ngokuvamile, inamakha agqamile we-oju nezimbali, kanti kwi-Sòng Zhǒng iphunga liyinkimbinkimbi futhi lijulile, linemininingwane yezithelo, izinongo kanye nokhuni.
Yā Shǐ Xiāng (鸭屎香 – “Iphunga lendle yedada”): I-Yā Shǐ Xiāng ihluke ngephunga eliqavile lezimbali, elivame ukuqhathaniswa ne-gardenia, kanye namakha abushelelezi. I-Sòng Zhǒng yona inephunga “elinobudala”, eliyinkimbinkimbi elibuswa amakha ezithelo nezinongo kanye nokhuni.
Xìng Rén Xiāng (杏仁香 – “Iphunga le-alimondi”): Le Dān Cóng inephunga le-alimondi elihlukile, eliyihlukanisa ne-Sòng Zhǒng, lapho amakha e-alimondi engavezwa kangako.

14. Umthelela Emzimbeni Namandla Etiye (Chá Qì - 茶氣):

Chá Qì (茶氣): Ngaphandle kokunambitheka nephunga, abathandi betiye e-Shayina banaka lokho okubizwa nge-“Chá Qì” – amandla etiye, umthelela walo emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng, ikakhulukazi eyamahlahla amadala, ine-Chá Qì enamandla, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo emnene futhi evumelanayo.
Imizwa: Abathandi betiye abanolwazi bachaza umthelela we-Sòng Zhǒng ngokuthi:
- Iyafudumeza: Itiye linikeza umuzwa wokufudumala, osakazeka kuwo wonke umzimba.
- Iyaqinisa amandla: Inikeza amandla, ukuphila, ukucaca kwengqondo, ithuthukise ukugxila.
- Iyazindlisa: Kugqugquzela ukuphumula, ukuthula, ukuvumelana kwangaphakathi.
- Iyanika amandla: Igcwalisa ngamandla, kodwa ayikuxhokosoli ngokweqile.

Kubalulekile: Umuzwa we-Chá Qì ungamava acatshangwayo, angahluka kubantu abehlukene. Ekuphetheni:

I-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng iyitiye eliyinganekwane, elinye lama-Dān Cóng angavamile, abaluleke kakhulu futhi ahlonishwayo. Iphunga layo elinamacala amaningi elinamakha ezimbali, izithelo, uju nezinongo, ukunambitheka okujulile, okugcwele okunemininingwane yokhuni nezithelo ezomisiwe, kanye nomthelela onamandla kodwa ovumelanayo emzimbeni kwenza kube yingcebo yangempela yabathandi betiye. Ukuzama i-Dān Cóng Sòng Zhǒng yangempela, ikakhulukazi eyamahlahla amadala, kusho ukuthinta umlando, ukuzwa amandla ezintaba ze-Fenguang nokuthola injabulo yetiye engenakulinganiswa. Leli itiye lezikhathi ezikhethekile, lokuphuza itiye okungajahile, okucatshangelwayo, lapho ufisa ukucwila emhlabeni wokuzindla, ukunambitha wonke amaqabunga, yonke imininingwane yokunambitheka nephunga, futhi uzitholele ukujula kweqiniso nobuhlakani iqabunga letiye elingasinika khona.