dài pào chá

I-袋泡茶 (dài pào chá) akulona uhlobo oluthile lwetiye, kodwa kuyindlela yokupakisha: amaqabunga etiye agayiwe noma aphelele, afakwe esihlungini esikwazi ukungena amanzi ukuze kuhlanganiswe ngokushesha okusetshenziswa kanye. Ohlelweni lwaseShayina lena ‘yifomethi’, ehlukile ezigabeni eziyisithupha zetiye, ngoba ngaphakathi kwephakethe kungaba khona itiye eliluhlaza, elibomvu (hóng chá), i-ulong, itiye elimnyama i-hēi chá noma itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali.

Ukuthi yini lokhu nokuthi umngcele ukuphi

Umehluko omkhulu we-袋泡茶 etiyeni elivundliwe ubukhulu besixuku nesixakhi sezinto ezisetshenzisiwe. Iphakethe elilodwa lenzelwe inkomishi eyodwa noma umthamo owodwa wokuhlanganisa, kanti isihlungi sigcina izinhlayiya zamaqabunga, sivumela ukuthi ingxube esiphelele iphumele ngaphandle. Kungalesi sizathu-ke lesi sigaba sichazwa ngobuchwepheshe bokupakisha kanye nobukhulu bezinhlayiya zetiye, hhayi ngemvelaphi yesitoko.

Ngokomlando, izitoko ezincane zazifakwa emaphaketheni — ukusefa, imvuthuluka, okubizwa nge-fannings kanye ne-dust, okusele lapho kuhlungwa itiye elivundliwe. Izinhlayiya ezincane zikhipha ingxube ngokushesha, okuhambisana nomqondo wephakethe: ukukhishwa kwesikhashana, umbala wamanzi obonakalayo, ukuba lula. Kusekhtha yesimanje-ke yehlukaniseke: ngokuhambisana nomkhiqizo ongabizi kakhulu owenziwe ngezimvuthuluka ezincane, bakhiqiza amaphakethe ‘asemazingeni aphezulu’ anamaqabunga acishe aphelele.

Amafomethi nezinto zokwakha isembozo

Ngokokwakheka, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezisetshenziswayo.

• Iphakethe eliyisicaba elinezindlu ezimbili elenziwe ngephepha lesihlungi — isimo esijwayelekile esingunxande, ngokuvamile esinentambo kanye ne-label-tag, ngezinye izikhathi okokuhlanganisa noma ukushisela okungenayo insimbi yokuhlanganisa.
• Iphiramidi, noma i-三角包 (sān jiǎo bāo) — iphakethe eliwunxantathu elinomthamo, linikeza iqabunga isikhala esengeziwe ukuze likwazi ukunweba; yilona kanye lapho kuvame ukufakwa khona izitoko zamaqabunga amakhulu nezingxube zezimbali.
• Amaphakethe angenantambo noma ilebula okwenzela ukuhlanganisa ngomshini kanye nemishini yokuthengisa.

I-material yesihlungi iyisihloko sobunjiniyela esihlukile. Kusetshenziswa:

• iphepha lesihlungi elenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo (ngokomlando isisekelo salesi sigaba);
• inetha lenayiloni, elingafihli futhi elimelana nokushisa, elilungele amaphiramidi;
• inetha le-polylactic acid (PLA) elivela emmbileni noma eminye imithombo yezitshalo — enye indlela ebola kalula esikhundleni senayiloni.

Idinithi elibalulekile — ukuba khona noma ukungabibikho kokushisela kanye neglu ethintana nengxube. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezithintana namanzi ashisayo, zidinga izidingo zokuphepha kokudla; yingakho-ke ukupakishwa emaphaketheni kulawulwa ngokuqinile, kunetiye elijwayelekile elivundliwe.

Izitoko ezingaphakathi

Njengoba i-袋泡茶 iyifomethi, ukwakheka kwesitoko kunqunywa umkhiqizi kanye nohlobo lwetiye olushiwo. Izinto ezivame ukugcwaliswa:

• itiye elibomvu (hóng chá) — likhipha ingxube ekhanyayo futhi likwazi ukumelana nokugaywa kahle;
• itiye eliluhlaza — lidinga izinhlayiya ezicophelelayo, ukuze lingabi buhlungu;
• itiye le-jasmine nelinye itiye elinongiwe ngezimbali — lidumile emaphaketheni ngenxa yephunga elimnandi elicacile;
• ama-ulong namatiye amnyama kumaphiramidi asemazingeni aphezulu;
• izingxube zamakhambi nezithelo, okuthi ngomqondo oqinile akulona itiye futhi ekuhlelweni kwaseShayina kudlula ‘njengezithako’, hhayi njenge-茶 ngomqondo omncane.

I-cultivar (cultivar) kanye ne-terroir kulesi sigaba ngokuvamile akubalulekile kangako futhi kuvame ukuthi kungadalulwa ekumakisheni: iphakethe ligxile ekuzinzeni nasekutholakaleni, hhayi ekuboniseni imvelaphi eyodwa. Lokhu akulona ihlukaniso emthethweni, kodwa kungumphumela wawo — ifomethi isebenzela ukuba lula.

Ubuchwepheshe

Uchungechunge lokukhiqiza luphinda ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bohlobo lwetiye olukhethiwe (ukubuna, ukuqinisa noma ukwenza i-oxidation, ukusonga, ukomisa), ngemva kwalokho kunezelwa isigaba sokulungiselela izinhlayiya nokupakisha esikhethekile emaphaketheni.

1. Itiye eliyisisekelo lilethwa esimweni esiphelele esivundliwe ngobuchwepheshe besigaba salo.
2. Izitoko ziyahlungwa futhi uma kunesidingo ziyagaywa noma zisikwe zibe yizinhlayiya ezifanele. Ukuze kukhishwe ngokushesha, kukhethwa imvuthuluka emaphakathi nencane; kumaphiramidi kushiywa iqabunga elikhudlwana.
3. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziswa i-granulation ngomgomo ohlobene ne-CTC (crush–tear–curl), ukuze kutholakale izinhlayiya ezilinganayo ezinejubane lokuhlanza elibikezelwayo.
4. Ukukala nokupakisha emigqeni ezenzakalelayo: iqabunga likalwa ngesisindo, iphakethe liyakhiwa, kufakwe intambo nelebula, kufakwe isembozo sangaphandle.

Njengoba iqabunga eligayiwe likwazi ukwenza i-oxidise kakhulu emoyeni futhi liphucwa iphunga elimnandi ngokushesha, ukusongwa okuvaleke kahle kwephakethe ngalinye kanye nokulawula umswakama kubalulekile.

Amazinga nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi

Kulesi sigaba kusebenza izinga likazwelonke eliqondile le-袋泡茶 ohlelweni lwe-GB/T (ngenombolo yangempela nesibuyekezo, kufanele kubhekiswe embhalweni osemthethweni — awunikezwanga lapha, ukugwema ukudukisa). Ngaphandle kombhalo wemboni, umkhiqizo wokugcina ufakwa ngaphansi kwemithetho ejwayelekile yokuphepha kokudla yochungechunge lwe-GB mayelana netiye — amazinga aphezulu omswakama, ubukhona bokungcola kwangaphandle, izidingo zezinto ezithintana nomkhiqizo kanye nokumaka.

Imingcele evamile elawulwayo ihlanganisa:

• isisindo esingenalutho sephakethe elilodwa kanye nokuphambuka okuvumelekile;
• ubukhulu bezinhlayiya kanye nengxenye yothuli;
• ijubane nokuphelela kokukhishwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezibekiwe;
• ukuqina kwephakethe nentambo, ukungabibikho kwezikhala lapho kuhlanganiswa;
• i-organoleptic yengxube (iphunga elimnandi, ukunambitheka, umbala, ukungafihli);
• ukuphepha kwezinto zokupakisha.

Ukunambitha okusezingeni kwephakethe kuvame ukwenziwa ngaphansi kwemingcele engaguquki — ngokujwayelekile cishe ku-100 °C kanye nemizuzu embalwa yokuhlanganisa, — ukuze kuqhathaniswe amasampula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.

Ukunambitheka nokuhlanganisa

Iphakethe lenzelwe isivinini. Izinhlayiya ezincane zikhipha izinto ezikwazi ukuncibilika emaminithini amabili kuya kwamathathu, zinikeza ingxube egcwele ngombala futhi eqinile emzimbeni, kodwa enobubanzi obufushane: amanothi angenhla, athi avele kancane kancane eqabungeni eliphelele, emvuthulukeni alahleka kancane ngesikhathi sokugaya.

Imihlahlandlela esebenzayo:

• izinga lokushisa — ngokohlobo lwetiye elingaphakathi: itiye eliluhlaza limelana kangcono nama-80–85 °C, elibomvu nelimnyama — amanzi abilayo;
• isikhathi — esifushane, imizuzu eyi-1–3; ukuchitha isikhathi eside kwezinhlayiya ezincane kunikeza ubuhlungu obuqandayo;
• inani lokuhlanza — ngokuvamile, elilodwa eligcwele; iphiramidi eneqabunga eliphelele ingase ikwazi ukumelana nokutheleka kwesibili, iphakethe eliyisicaba lephepha elinemvuthuluka — ngokujwayelekile akakwazi;
• akufanele upulule iphakethe ngesepuni: lokhu kukhamulula izinhlanganisela ze-phenolic ezibabayo.

Umlando

Umqondo wokuhlanganisa izixuku esembozweni esingena amanzi wazalelwa ngaphandle kwaseShayina — ukuvela kwawo kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nomkhuba wezohwebo waseMelika ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. EShayina, iphakethe njengomkhiqizo omkhulu laqina kamuva kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezimboni zemboni yetiye kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sasemadolobheni sokuba lula engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20. Ifomethi yangena ezindaweni ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa: itiye elingabizi elansuku zonke lasehhovisi nendawo yokudlela yomphakathi futhi, kamuva, ukunikezwa ‘okulula’ kweqabunga lekhwalithi ephezulu kumaphiramidi kulabo abawazisayo umcimbi, kodwa abanqunyelwe isikhathi.

Ngokwesiko lasetiye laseShayina, iphakethe lihlala lingelona elingumgogodla uma kuqhathaniswa nobuciko betiye elivundliwe kanye nomcimbi we-gōng fū chá, kodwa yilona kanye elandisa izethameli futhi lisebenza njengendawo yokungena yabathengi abasha.

Ungahlukanisa futhi ukuhlole kanjani

Lapho ukhetha noma uhlola i-袋泡茶, ubheka izimpawu ezimbalwa.

• Ukungafihli kokumaka: ingabe kukhonjisiwe uhlobo lwetiye, okwakhiwe, isisindo, usuku nezimo zokugcina. Izindlela zokubhala ezingacacile (‘itiye’) ngaphandle kokucaciswa kwesigaba — isizathu sokuthi uqaphele.
• Izinhlayiya: hlolisisa okuqukethwe i-phiramidi ebonisa ngaphakathi. Iqabunga elaziwayo, noma ngabe lisikiwe, likhethwa kangcono kunothuli olufanayo, uma kunambitheka kubalulekile.
• Iphunga elimnandi lephakethe elomile: elihlanzekile, elifanele uhlobo olushiwo, ngaphandle kwephunga lokubola kanye namanye amaphunga angaphandle ephepha noma eglu.
• Ingxube: umbala olinganayo, ukungafihli, ukungabibikho kokufiphala kanye nenzika ngaphezu kwalokho okulindelekile ezinhlayiyeni ezincane; ngokunambitheka — isimo setiye elishiwo, hhayi ‘amanzi etiye’ angenasici.
• Ukuziphatha kwesembozo: iphakethe akufanele liklebhuke futhi likhiphe uthuli, intambo — kufanele imelane nokukhishwa.
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwetiye kanye nezingxube zamakhambi: umkhiqizo osekelwe emakhambini, ezithelweni noma ezimbalini ngaphandle kweqabunga letiye ngokohlelo oluqinile lwaseShayina awulona i-茶, noma ngabe ngaphandle kufana nephakethe elifanayo.

Ekugcineni, i-袋泡茶 kufanele yamukelwe ngobuqotho — njengefomethi yokunikeza. Ayizisholo ukuthi ingathatha indawo yeqabunga elivundliwe enkomishini yongoti, kodwa ngokukhetha okufanele kwezitoko nezinto zokwakha, inikeza ingxube esheshayo, ephephile futhi engenamahloni, futhi ngokusebenza ‘kwephiramidi eneqabunga eliphelele’ isondela ngokwesimo ekuhlanganiseni kwakudala.