i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng · new.thetea.app

i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng (大佛龙井, Dàfú lóng jǐng) iluphawu lwesifunda olukhulu kunawo wonke lwetiye loluhlobo lwe-Lóngjǐng ngaphandle kwendawo edumile yase-Xīhú, ekhiqizwa esifundeni sase-Xinchang, esifundazweni sase-Zhèjiāng. Igama lihlanganisa izithombe ezimbili: “Dàfó” (大佛, “uBuddha Omkhulu”) — okubhekisele ethempelini elidumile lamaBuddha i-Dàfósì (大佛寺) e-Xinchang, kanye no-“Lóng Jǐng” (龙井, “Umthombo KaDrako”) — okukhombisa ukuthi kungokwesikole sobuchwepheshe be-Lóngjǐng . Njengoba indawo yezingadi zetiye ingama-mu ayi-153 000 (ngaphezu kwamahektha ayi-10 200), i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng ingenye yamaphrojekthi amakhulu kakhulu etiye e-Zhèjiāng futhi ingummeleli obalulekile “wendawo yokukhiqiza i-Yuèzhōu” (越州产区, Yuèzhōu chǎnqū) — enye yezindawo ezintathu ezisemthethweni zokukhiqiza itiye i-Lóngjǐng kanye ne-Xīhú ne-Qiántáng.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomdabu:

Uhlobo: Itiye eliluhlaza (elingavuthisiwe). Kuyingxenye yamatiye aluhlaza agazingiwe ayisicaba (扁形炒青绿茶, biǎnxíng chǎoqīng lǜchá) ohlobo lwe-Lóngjǐng.
Isigaba: Umkhiqizo okuvikelwe igama lawo lendawo yemvelaphi (原产地保护, 2003). Uphawu lokuhweba olwaziwa kabanzi e-China (中国驰名商标, 2010). Ukukhiqizwa kulawulwa izinga leqembu i-T/CTSS 42-2022 “i-Dàfú Lóng Jǐng Chá”. Kusukela ngo-2025, kusebenza uhlelo olusha “lwezimpawu ezintathu” (三大标签) — ukuqinisekiswa ngokwemvelaphi, imvelo kanye nekhwalithi yeprimiyamu.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Zhèjiāng (浙江, Zhèjiāng), idolobha lase-Shàoxīng (绍兴市, Shàoxīng Shì), isifunda sase-Xīnchāng (新昌县, Xīnchāng Xiàn). Indawo yokukhiqiza iyingxenye “yendawo yokukhiqiza i-Yuèzhōu” (越州产区) — enye yezindawo ezintathu ezisemthethweni zamatiye e-Lóngjǐng. Ingqikithi ye-terroir yizindawo zetiye ezisezintabeni eziphakeme zamalokishi ase-Huíshān (回山镇), Shuāngcǎi (双彩乡), Jìnglǐng (镜岭镇), Shāxī (沙溪镇) kanye ne-Chéngtán (澄潭镇).
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Cishe u-29°30′ enyakatho, u-120°55′ empumalanga.

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Ngokungafani ne-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng enomlando oyinkulungwane yeminyaka, i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng iluphawu olusha, olwasungulwa ngeminyaka yowe-1990 njengephrojekthi ehlosiwe yokuthuthukisa umnotho wetiye wesifunda. Ngeminyaka yowe-1980, abalimi betiye base-Xinchang baqala umsebenzi wesayensi wokwakha uhlobo olusha lwetiye eliluhlaza eliyisicaba, elivumelaniswe nezinto zokusetshenziswa zasendaweni ezisezintabeni eziphakeme. Ekuqaleni kowe-1990, uphawu “i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng” lwasungulwa futhi lwethulwa, lwaqanjwa ngethempeli elidumile lamaBuddha i-Dàfósì — into ekhanga kakhulu e-Xinchang.

Ngokwenganeko yasendaweni, igama laleli tiye lihlobene nombono: owesifazane othile waphupha uBuddha Omkhulu ekha amahlumela etiye futhi enza itiye. Ekuseni waqoqa amacembe ethempelini waphuza isiphuzo esimnandi ngendlela emangalisayo — kanjalo “itiye likaBuddha Omkhulu” (大佛茶) latholakala.

Ukukhula okusheshayo: ngo-2003 — ukuvikelwa kwegama lemvelaphi; ngo-2010 — uphawu lokuhweba olwaziwa kabanzi e-China. Ngeminyaka yowe-2020, indawo yezingadi zetiye yayisidlule ama-mu ayi-153 000, kanti uphawu lwaba lungezinye zezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu esigabeni samatiye “e-Lóngjǐng” ngaphandle kwendawo yase-Xīhú.
Igama:
- “Dàfú” (大佛) — “uBuddha Omkhulu”: okubhekisele ethempelini i-Dàfósì (大佛寺) e-Xinchang, lapho kukhona omunye wama-Buddha amatshe amakhulu kunawo wonke eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-China.
- “Lóng Jǐng” (龙井) — “Umthombo KaDrako”: okukhombisa ukuthi kungokwesikole sobuchwepheshe be-Lóngjǐng samatiye agazingiwe ayisicaba.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Dàfú Lóngjǐng iyisibonelo esiyimpumelelo sokwakhiwa kophawu lwesifunda: itiye, elavela kuphrojekthi kahulumeni yokuthuthukisa umnotho wasemakhaya, emashumini amathathu eminyaka laba uphawu olwaziwayo kuzwelonke. Likhombisa ukuthi isiko “le-Lóngjǐng” akulona igunya le-Xīhú kuphela, kodwa liyisikole esiphelele esihlanganisa abakhiqizi kulo lonke elase-Zhèjiāng.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Izinhlobo / I-cultivar: Ikakhulukazi ama-cultivar asezintabeni eziphakeme e-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis, okuhlanganisa i-Wūniú Zǎo (乌牛早, Wūniú Zǎo) — uhlobo oluphuma kakhulu ekuseni, oluvumela ukuqala ukuqoqa ngo-Mashi, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zasendaweni ezivumelaniswe nenhlabathi ene-asidi kanye nesimo sezulu sezintaba. Kusetshenziswa amahlumela amancane avela emasimini ahlanzekile ngokwemvelo (高山无公害良种茶园).
Ukuqoqwa: Ukuqoqwa kwasentwasahlobo kusenesikhathi, kugxilwe emaqoqweni angaphambi komkhosi wokuhlanza amathuna (明前茶). Umgomo: “ngaphambi kwesikhathi, mnene, ngokukhuthala” (早、嫩、勤, zǎo, nèn, qín) — ukuqoqwa kuqalwa ngesikhathi esifushane ngangokunokwenzeka, izinto ezisetshenziswayo zisetshenziswa zimnene kakhulu, ukuhlukaniswa kabusha kwenziwa ngokucophelela okukhulu.
Izinga lokuqoqa: Uhlelo “lwezimpawu ezintathu” (三大标签, 2025):
- Uphawu lwemvelaphi (原产地标签): Itiye elivela endaweni ewumnyombo yase-Xinchang, isiqinisekiso esiyisisekelo sekhwalithi.
- Uphawu lwezemvelo (生态标签): Livela ezingadini zetiye eziqinisekisiwe ngokwemvelo (noma “ezidijithali”) ezisezingeni lesifunda noma ngaphezulu.
- Uphawu “lwe-Premium” (精品茶标签): Ukuhambisana nezinga leqembu i-T/CTSS 42-2022 ezingeni le-“精品” — ikhwalithi ephakeme kakhulu.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: Amahlumela amnene, afanayo ngaphandle kokulimala. Ukugaywa kabusha — ngosuku lokuqoqwa.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokutshala:

Isimo sendawo: Indawo enezintaba ezingamagquma empumalanga ye-Zhèjiāng (浙东丘陵山区). Izingadi zetiye zitholakala emithambekeni yamagquma nezintaba.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: Amamitha angu-200–700 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amaqoqo angcono kakhulu avela ezingadini ezisezintabeni eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-400).
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu se-monsoon esishisayo. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi ngonyaka — 15–16°C, inani lemvula ngonyaka — 1400–1800 mm. Izinsuku eziningi ezinenkungu, ukuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile (漫射光). Izimo ezinomthelela ekwandeni kwama-amino acid nezinto ezinuka kamnandi.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi enesihlabathi esinodaka oluphuzi (黄泥沙土) kanye nenhlabathi “enomlotha” (香灰土, xiānghuī tǔ) — evunduvundu, evundile, ene-asidi, ecebile ngamaminerali. Uhlobo olufanayo lwenhlabathi lutholakala endaweni ewumnyombo ye-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng, okunikeza izimo ezifanayo zokwakheka kokunambitheka.
Umehluko endaweni yase-Xīhú: I-Xinchang isempumalanga futhi isezintabeni kakhulu kune-Hángzhōu. Isimo sendawo esivelele kakhulu nokuphakama okukhulu kwamasimu kunikeza itiye elinamahlumela ananyathiselwe, “aqinile” uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihle kakhulu zase-Xīhú.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubucwepheshe be-Dàfú Lóngjǐng bulandela isikole se-Lóngjǐng sakudala — “amasu alishumi ezandla” afanayo (十大手法, shí dà shǒufǎ) njengalawo ase-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng: ukuphonsela phezulu (抖, dǒu), ukubeka (搭, dā), ukucindezela phansi (捺, nà), ukuzulisa (甩, shuǎi), ukusunduza (推, tuī), ukubamba (扣, kòu), ukwendlala (拓, tuò), ukucindezela (压, yā), ukugaya (磨, mó) kanye nokushwabana (搓, cuō).

Ukuchiteka kanye nokuncipha kancane (摊放 — tānfàng): Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezintsha zichithekwa ukuze zinciphe isikhashana.
“Ukubulala okuluhlaza” kanye nokubunjwa (杀青 — shāqīng): Ukugazingwa ephothweni elivuthayo kanye nokubunjwa kwesimo esiyisicaba ngesikhathi esisodwa. “Amasu alishumi ezandla” asetshenziselwa ukunikeza amacembe etiye umumo ojwayelekile we-Lóngjǐng.
Ukupholisa (摊凉 — tānliáng): Ukupholisa okuphakathi nendawo nokusabalalisa kabusha umswakama.
Ukomiswa kokugcina kanye “nokwembula ukucwebezela” (辉干 — huīgān): Ukugazinga kokugcina ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, okuqinisa ukuma, iphunga elimnandi nokucwebezela.
Ukuhlunga nokuhlukanisa ngosayizi (分筛整形 — fēnshāi zhěngxíng): Ukuhlukaniswa kokugcina ngosayizi nokuhlungwa kwemvuthuluka.
Ubucwepheshe obukhethekile bamaqoqo aphezulu: Izinga eliphakeme kakhulu “i-精品” libhekana nesinyathelo esengeziwe — ukugaywa okusezingeni eliphansi lokushisa ematshenitombazane e-granite (花岗岩石磨低温研磨提香), okuthuthukisa futhi “kucolise” iphunga elimnandi.

6. Izimpawu Ezihlobene Nezinzwa:

I-Dàfú Lóngjǐng ikhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili, ezihluka ngombala kanye nephrofayili yokunambitheka:

“Inguqulo eluhlaza” (绿版, lǜbǎn): Okuluhlaza kukhulu, okuphuzi kuncane. Umbala — uluhlaza okotshani omnene, omusha futhi ogqamile (嫩绿鲜润). Iphunga elimnandi — ubusha obuluhlaza obuhlanzekile obunamathoni e-castnut nezesithelo (清香持久，栗香与果香显著). Ukunambitheka — kusha, kuncane, kulula kakhudlwana.

“Inguqulo ephuzi” (黄版, huángbǎn): Okuphuzi kukhulu, okuluhlaza kuncane. Umbala — uluhlaza oluphuzi, ofudumele. Iphunga elimnandi — liphakeme futhi licebile kakhulu (香高味浓). Ukunambitheka — kuminyene kakhulu, nokunambitheka okusemva kwe-castnut nomezithelo okubonakalayo. Kusondelene nesitayela se-Lóngjǐng sakudala “esikhulile”.

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Amacembe etiye ayizicaba, alinganayo okwenziwa ngomumo we-Lóngjǐng. Amahlumela e-Dàfú — ananyathiselwe kakhulu futhi aqinile (肥壮, féizhuàng), anezihloko ezicijile ezivelele kakhulu (尖削挺直, jiānxiāo tǐngzhí), kune-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng “enobuhle” obukhulu.
Iphunga elimnandi leqabunga elomile: Iphunga elimnandi lemihlume emincane (嫩香, nèn xiāng), inothi le-orchid (兰花香), ukugazinga kwe-castnut (栗香).
Ukunambitheka: Kusha futhi kunamanzi (鲜爽, xiānshuǎng), kumnandi ngobumnene (甘醇, gānchún). Ukunambitheka okusemva — ubumnandi obubuyayo.
Umbala wokungenisa: Uluhlaza oluphuzi, ogqamile futhi obalele.
Isisekelo setiye: Amahlumela amnene, afanayo, avuleke asuka emacembeni etiye ayizicaba.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

Imvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme kanye nokukhanya okuhlakazekile okuchichimayo kunikeza isilinganiso esivumayo sama-amino acid nama-polyphenol:

Ama-Polyphenol (ama-catechin): Okuqukethwe okubalulekile — kunikeza amandla e-antioxidant kanye nesakhiwo sokunambitheka.
Ama-Amino acid (okuhlanganisa ne-L-theanine): Okuqukethwe okukhuphukile — umphumela wemvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme kanye nokuchichima kokukhanya okuhlakazekile. Kunquma ubusha nobumnandi.
Ama-Alkaloid: I-caffeine — okuqukethwe okulingene. I-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amavithamini: Uvithamini C, amavithamini eqembu B.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-zinc, i-manganese — iphrofayili inqunywa inhlabathi enodaka olunesihlabathi oluphuzi.

8. Izakhiwo Eziwusizo:

Umthelela we-antioxidant: Ama-catechin anciphisa ama-radical mahhala. Imvelaphi yezintaba eziphakeme ithuthukisa amandla e-antioxidant.
Umphumela okhuthaza amandla: I-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza ukuphaphama okumnene.
Umphumela wokupholisa (清热消暑): Ngokwesiko kunconywa ngezikhathi ezishisayo.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla (消食): Ama-polyphenol akhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamafutha.
Kubalulekile: izakhiwo ezibaluliwe zisekelwe emininingweni etholakala emphakathini futhi akuzona izincomo zezokwelapha.

9. Ukwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 85–95°C — i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng, ngenxa yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezinanyathiselwe kakhulu, imelana nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhudlwana kune-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng ethambile.
Inani letiye: 3–5 g ngamamililitha ayi-150 amanzi (isilinganiso esingu-1:50).
Izitsha: Ingilazi yeglasi noma i-gaiwan yobumba olumhlophe.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza izitsha ngamanzi ashisayo, uwachithe.
2. Thela itiye.
3. “Manzisa” itiye ngenani elincane lamanzi (润茶).
4. Thela amanzi. Ukuchitheka kokuqala — imizuzwana eyi-15–20.
5. Ukuchitheka okulandelayo — khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana emi-5. Itiye likwazi ukwenza amachitho ama-3–4.
Inothi: lapho ukuphola kokungenisa kufinyelela ku-~40°C, kuvela umphumela othakazelisayo “wephunga elimnandi elibandayo, eliqiniswe umlilo” (冷香淬火, lěng xiāng cuìhuǒ) — umsindo ofudumele we-caramel emphinjeni. Itiye elisanda kuthengwa linconywa ukuba lindiswe amasonto amabili ukuze “kuhambiswe” ama-polyphenol amaningi angenziwe ngokweqile.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Gcina esitsheni esivaleke ngokuphelele, endaweni emnyama nepholile.
Okuyikho okuhle — esiqandisini ku-0–5°C.
Isikhathi sokugcina — kuze kube yizinyanga eziyi-12–18 uma kuhlangatshezwana nezimo.
Ngemva kokuvulwa — sebenzisa phakathi nezinyanga ezi-1–2.

11. Intengo kanye Nemikhiqizo Yomgunyathi:

I-Dàfú Lóngjǐng inikeza uhla olubanzi lwamanani — kusukela kumagreyidi ansuku zonke afinyelelekayo kuya kumaqoqo e-primiyamu “精品”. Uhlelo “lwezimpawu ezintathu” (2025) — ithuluzi elisha lokuvikela ubuqiniso: uphawu ngalunye (imvelaphi / imvelo / iprimiyamu) — izinga elihlukile lesiqinisekiso.

Ungagwema kanjani imikhiqizo yomgunyathi:
- Hlola ubukhona bezimpawu — uhlelo “lwezimpawu ezintathu” (三大标签) luvumela ukuqinisekisa imvelaphi, isimo sezemvelo kanye nezinga lekhwalithi.
- Hlaziya ukubukeka: i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng — inanyathiselwe kakhulu futhi iqinile kune-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng. Amacembe etiye amancane kakhulu, “anobuhle” — cishe awaveli e-Xinchang.
- Hlukanisa phakathi kwezinguqulo: Izinguqulo “Eziluhlaza” kanye “Neziphuzi” — izitayela ezisemthethweni, hhayi umonakalo.
- Hlaziya iphunga elimnandi: limnene, linamanothi e-orchid ne-castnut. Iphunga elimahhadlahhadla noma “elimakhemikhali” — uphawu lomgunyathi.
- Naka intengo: intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — kuyisizathu sokungabaza.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Dàfú Lóngjǐng — uphawu olukhulu kunawo wonke ngobukhulu bengadi yetiye (ama-mu ayi-153 000 / amahektha ayi-10 200) lo-Lóngjǐng e-China, oludlula kakhulu ngisho ne-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng (~1 524 ha endaweni ewumnyombo).
Uhlelo “lwezimpawu ezintathu” (三大标签), olwethulwe ngo-2025, — lungenye yezindlela ezihamba phambili kakhulu zokuqinisekisa itiye e-China, ezihlanganisa ukulawulwa kwemvelaphi, ukuqapha imvelo kanye nokumiswa kwekhwalithi.
Ithempeli i-Dàfósì (大佛寺) e-Xinchang — isigodlo sabonxiwe samaBuddha, lapho kukhona omunye wama-Buddha amatshe amakhulu kunawo wonke eMpumalanga Asia (ubude — 16 m), oqoshwe edwaleni. Itiye “LikaBuddha Omkhulu” — empeleni itiye elivela ezindaweni ezizungezile yalesi sikhungo.
I-Dàfú Lóngjǐng ikhiqizwa ngezinguqulo ezimbili ezisemthethweni zombala — “eluhlaza” kanye “nephuzi” — isenzakalo esiyingqayizivele kumatiye e-Lóngjǐng, lapho ngokuvamile kuhlonishwa ukufana kwesitayela.
Isinyathelo esisha “sokugaya nge-granite” (花岗岩石磨低温研磨提香) sezigaba eziphakeme kakhulu — esinye sezigameko ezimbalwa ekukhiqizweni kwetiye lapho ukugaywa ngamatshe kungasetshenziselwa ukwenza itiye oluyimpushana (matcha), kodwa ukucolisa iphunga elimnandi leqabunga.

13. Ukuqhathanisa ne-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng kanye namanye amatiye “e-Lóngjǐng”:

I-Xī Hú Lóngjǐng (西湖龙井): Eyokuqala neyindinganiso. “Inobuhle” futhi icolekile kakhulu: amacembe etiye amancane ayizicaba, iphunga elimnandi likabhontshisi ovelele (豆花香, dòuhuā xiāng), umzimba onamafutha we-“umami”. I-Dàfú — iqine kakhulu futhi inanyathiselwe ngokwemo, inephunga elimnandi le-orchid (hhayi lobhontshisi) kanye nentengo efinyeleleka kalula.
I-Yuèxiāng Lóngjǐng (越乡龙井): Olunye uphawu lwendawo yase-Yuèzhōu, lusuka esifundeni esingumakhelwane sase-Shèngzhōu. Lusondelene ne-Dàfú ngesitayela, kodwa alukho esikalini esikhulu njengophawu.
I-Méitán Cuìyá (湄潭翠芽): Evela e-Guìzhōu. Futhi “uhlobo lwe-Lóngjǐng” oluyisicaba, kodwa luvela kwenye i-terroir. I-Méitán — “ihlanzekile” futhi isha kakhulu (ama-amino acid ≥4.2%); i-Dàfú — iyingxenye yendlela yokuqamba ye-Lóngjǐng yakudala.
I-Éméi Zhúyèqīng (峨眉竹叶青): Evela e-Sìchuān. Iyisicaba, kodwa “ifana nomoba” ngokwemo. I-Zhúyèqīng — ilula kakhulu; i-Dàfú — inomzimba ogcwele kakhulu futhi “iyi-castnut”.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Dàfú Lóngjǐng — itiye elifakazela ukuthi isikole “se-Lóngjǐng” akulona ilungelo lechibi laseNtshonalanga lase-Hángzhōu, kodwa liyisiko eliphilayo, elikwazi ukuzala amatiye amakhulu ezindaweni ezehlukene. Amahlumela ananyathiselwe ezindawo eziphakeme zase-Xinchang, “amasu alishumi ezandla” okubumba okuyisicaba kanye nomoya kaBuddha Omkhulu, owanikeza itiye igama — konke lokhu kwenza i-Dàfú Lóngjǐng ibe ukukhetha okuhle kulabo abafuna ukujwayelana nesitayela se-Lóngjǐng ngaphandle kwembonelo yeprimiyamu yase-Xīhú. Inguqulo “eluhlaza” yabathandi bobusha, “ephuzi” — yalabo abajulile: i-Dàfú inikeza zombili izindlela eziya “eMthonjeni KaDrako”.