Da Shu Cha · new.thetea.app

Uhlobo: Kungahlobana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zetiye: imvamisa i-Sheng Pu’er, i-Shu Pu’er, itiye elibomvu, kancane elumhlophe, eliluhlaza noma i-oolong. Uhlobo lunqunywa ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula, hhayi ubudala besihlahla.
Isigaba: Amatiye asezingeni eliphezulu, ahlukile. Adalulwe njengesigaba esihlukile ngenxa yezici ezikhethekile zempahla eluhlaza (ubudala bezihlahla) nethonya lazo ezicini zetiye.
Umsuka: Ngokomlando, futhi ikakhulukazi namuhla, isifundazwe sase-Yunnan (云南, Yúnnán), e-China. Yilapho kugcinwe khona inani elikhulu lezihlahla zetiye zasendulo nezindala. Muva nje, impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni ezindala iyavunwa nakwezinye izifunda, isibonelo, e-Fujian (福建, Fújiàn), kodwa lokhu akukho emasikweni amaningi, futhi amatiye anjalo avela kancane.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: Zincike endaweni ethile yokuvuna impahla eluhlaza. E-Yunnan, izihlahla zetiye ezindala zitholakala ezigodini zase-Xishuangbanna (西双版纳, Xīshuāngbǎnnà), Pu’er (普洱, Pǔ’ěr), Lincang (临沧, Líncāng) nakwezinye.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: E-Yunnan, izihlahla zetiye sezikhule izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Izizwe zendawo kusukela endulo zazivuna amaqabunga ezihlahleni zetiye zasendle futhi ziwasebenzisa njengokudla nanjengomuthi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, itiye laqala ukutshalwa, kodwa isiko lokuvuna impahla eluhlaza ezihlahleni zasendle nezindala lagcinwa. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ngokukhula kokuthandwa kwama-pu’er namanye amatiye ase-Yunnan, itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala (Da Shu) laba yigugu elikhethekile futhi laphenduka isigaba esizimele.
Igama:
- “Da” (大) - elikhulu, elikhuluphele.
- “Shu” (树) - isihlahla.
- “Cha” (茶) - itiye.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: I-Da Shu Cha ayilona nje itiye, kodwa ukuxhumana nemvelo, umlando namasiko. Lihlonishwa “ngobuqotho balo,” “ubusendle balo,” “ubungokwemvelo balo”. Kukholelwa ukuthi izihlahla ezindala, ezikhula ezindaweni zemvelo, ngaphandle kokungenela okunzulu kwabantu, zinqwabela emaqabungeni azo amandla akhethekile namandla, okuwadlulisela etiyeni. Kubathandi abaningi, i-Da Shu Cha iyithuba lokuthinta into endala, eyiqiniso, ukuzwa ukunambitheka nephunga letiye langempela, njengoba lalinjalo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nempahla Eluhlaza:

Izinhlobonhlobo: Ukukhiqiza i-Da Shu Cha, kuvame ukusetshenziswa izinhlobonhlobo zamaqabunga amakhulu e-Yunnan Da Ye Zhong (云南大叶种, Yúnnán Dàyèzhǒng) kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zayo, ezingaphansi kohlobo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Futhi, muva nje, impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni ezindala iyavunwa nakwezinye izifunda (isibonelo, e-Fujian), kodwa lokhu, ngokujwayelekile, akuseyona i-assamica, kodwa i-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis.
Ubudala bezihlahla: Esigabeni se-Da Shu kufakwa izihlahla zetiye ezineminyaka, ngokujwayelekile, kusukela eminyakeni engu-50-60 kuya kwengu-100. Izitshalo ezincane zifakwa esigabeni “Xiao Shu” (小树, Xiǎo Shù) - “izihlahla ezincane / izihlahla ezifushane”, kanti ezindala kunazo — esigabeni “Gu Shu” (古树, Gǔ Shù) - “izihlahla zasendulo” (ezineminyaka eyi-100 nangaphezulu). Ubudala besihlahla bunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali amaqabunga, futhi ngaleyo ndlela, nasekunambithekeni, ephungeni nasemphumeleni wetiye. Isihlahla esidala, ngokuvamile, sthiye olunzulu, olujulile nolulinganiselayo.
- Kubalulekile: Kunzima kakhulu ukunquma ngokunembile ubudala besihlahla setiye, ngakho-ke izilinganiso zivame ukuba ngokulinganiselwa. Abanye abathengisi abangathembekile bangase bakhuphule ubudala bezihlahla ukuze benyuse intengo yetiye.
Ukuvuna: Ukuvuna kwenzeka, ikakhulukazi, entwasahlobo, kodwa kungase futhi kwenziwe ehlobo nasekwindla. Inani elikhulu kunazo zonke yi-Da Shu Cha yasentwasahlobo.
Izinga lokuvuna: Lincike kumkhiqizi nohlobo lwetiye. Bangase bavune kokubili ihlumela neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili angaphezulu, kanye namaqabunga avuthiwe kakhudlwana. Ematiyeni asezingeni eliphezulu kusetshenziswa kuphela impahla eluhlaza emnene kakhulu.
Izidingo zempahla eluhlaza: Ziphakeme. Kusetshenziswa kuphela amaqabunga anempilo, angalimele, namahlumela, avunwe ezihlahleni ezithile. Ukuvuna kwenziwa ngokucophelela okukhulu, ngesandla.

4. Indawo Nokukhethekile Kokukhuliswa:

Isifundazwe sase-Yunnan: Saziwa ngokuma kwaso kwezintaba, isimo sezulu esishisayo nesishisayo, inhlabathi evundile kanye nokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezitshalo zetiye.
Isifundazwe sase-Fujian: Saziwa ngama-oolong aso, kodwa muva nje kukhula futhi lapho umkhakha wokuvuna impahla eluhlaza ezihlahleni zasendle nezindala.
Ukuphakama lapho zikhula khona: Izihlahla zetiye ezindala zikhula endaweni ephakeme ukusuka kumamitha ayi-1000 kuya kwangama-2300 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle nangaphezulu.
Inhlabathi: Ihlukahlukene, icebile ngamaminerali.
Isimo sezulu: Sinomswakama, sinemvula eningi, inkungu njalo kanye nokwehluka okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku.
Imvelo: Izihlahla zetiye ezindala, ngokujwayelekile, zikhula ezindaweni ezihlanzekile ngokwemvelo, kude nezikhungo zezimboni.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: Izihlahla zetiye ezindala zivame ukukhula zizungezwe ezinye izitshalo, zakhe uhlelo lwemvelo olulinganiselayo. Lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali amaqabunga futhi kunika itiye izici eziyingqayizivele zokunambitheka nephunga.
Izici ezikhethekile: Isici esiyinhloko se-Da Shu Cha — ubudala bezihlahla zetiye nezimo zemvelo lapho zikhula khona. Kukholelwa ukuthi izimpande zezihlahla ezindala zingena zijule emhlabathini, zimunca amaminerali amaningi nezakhamzimba, okwenza itiye ligcwale kakhudlwana futhi libe luncedo. Futhi, indawo yemvelo, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umquba nezibulala-zinambuzane, inika itiye “ubusendle” obukhethekile “nokuhlanzeka”.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Da Shu Cha buncike ohlotsheni oluthile lwetiye (i-Sheng Pu’er, i-Shu Pu’er, elibomvu, elimhlophe, njll.). Izimiso ezijwayelekile:

Ukungenela okuncane: Umgomo oyinhloko — ukulondoloza kakhulu izici zemvelo zeqabunga letiye, ezinikezwe imvelo.
Izindlela zendabuko: Kuvame ukusetshenziswa izindlela zokucubungula zendabuko, ezihlolwe isikhathi.
Umsebenzi wezandla: Izigaba eziningi zokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ukuvuna nokuhlukanisa, zenziwa ngezandla.

6. Izici Zokunambitha:

Izici zokunambitha ze-Da Shu Cha zincike kakhulu ohlotsheni oluthile lwetiye (i-Sheng Pu’er, i-Shu Pu’er, elibomvu, elimhlophe, njll.), ebudaleni bezihlahla, endaweni, enkathini yokuvuna nasebuchwephesheni bokucubungula. Noma kunjalo, kunezici ezithile ezijwayelekile ezingaqokonyiswa:

Ukubukeka: Kuncike ohlotsheni lwetiye. Kuma-Sheng Pu’er, amaqabunga amakhulu, anenyama, avamise ukuba noboya. Kuma-Shu Pu’er — amaqabunga ansundu ngokumnyama. Ematiyeni abomvu — amaqabunga asongekile, avamise ukuba nezindebe zegolide.
Iphunga: Ngokujwayelekile, lijulile, lihlangene futhi lihlala isikhathi eside kunetiye elivela ezihlahleni ezincane. Ephungeni kungase kube khona amanothi ezithelo ezomisiwe, izimbali, uju, amantongomane, ukhuni, izinongo, inhlabathi, incwadi endala, ikhamferi, njll. Iphunga liyashintsha kuye ngohlobo lwetiye nobudala.
Ukunambitheka: Kunothile, kugcwele, kunezinhlangothi eziningi, kulinganisile. Kuvame ukuba khona ubumnandi, ubuncane bokuklebhuka noma ukubaba, ukunambitheka okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumbozayo. Ukunambitheka nakho kuyashintsha kuye ngohlobo lwetiye nobudala. Isici esiyisici kuyilokhu okubizwa ngokuthi “ubusendle” bokunambitheka, okunzima ukukuchaza ngamagama, kodwa okuhlukanisa itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala nelivela emasimini.
Umbala wokujiya: Uncike ohlotsheni lwetiye. Kuma-Sheng Pu’er — kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo kuya kwensundu yokukhanya kwe-amber, kuma-Shu Pu’er — nsundu ngokumnyama, ucishe ube mnyama, ematiyeni abomvu — ubomvu we-amber.
Isisekelo setiye: Sincike ohlotsheni lwetiye. Ngokuvamile amaqabunga aphelele, aqinile.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Da Shu Cha, ngokuvamile, ihluke ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okunothile kakhudlwana uma kuqhathaniswa netiye elivela ezihlahleni ezincane:

Ama-polyphenol: Izinga eliphezulu lama-polyphenol, okuhlanganisa ama-catechin, ama-theaflavin, nama-thearubigin.
Ama-amino acid: Inothe ngama-amino acid, ikakhulukazi i-L-theanine.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine, i-theobromine, i-theophylline.
Amafutha abalulekile: Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamafutha abalulekile, okubangela iphunga elinezici eziningi.
Amavithamini: C, iqembu B, E, K.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluorine, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-iron, i-selenium, njll.

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Izinzuzo zezempilo ze-Da Shu Cha zinqunywa uhlobo lwetiye (Sheng, Shu, elibomvu, elimhlophe, njll.) futhi, kukholelwa ukuthi, ziyathuthukiswa ngenxa yobudala bezihlahla nezimo zemvelo zokukhula. Izinzuzo zezempilo ezijwayelekile:

Umthelela onamandla wokulwa nama-oxidant: Uvikela amangqamuzana ekulimaleni okubangelwa ama-radical akhululekile, ubambezela izinqubo zokuguga, unciphisa ubungozi bokuba nezifo eziningi.
Umthelela wokuvuselela: Uyavuselela, uthuthukisa ukugxila, ususe ukukhathala, kodwa usebenza ngobumnene kunekhofi.
Ukuthuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla: Kuvuselela ukugayeka kokudla, kusiza ekumunceni ukudla.
Isimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Kungaba nomthelela omuhle enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi.
Ukukhipha ubuthi: Kusiza ekukhipheni ubuthi emzimbeni.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Kukhuphula ukumelana komzimba.
Amandla akhethekile: Abathandi abaningi baphawula umthelela okhethekile, onamandla wetiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala emzimbeni nasengqondweni, obizwa ngokuthi “Cha Qi” (茶氣 - “i-Qi yetiye”).

9. Ukuphisa:

Indlela yokuphisa i-Da Shu Cha incike ohlotsheni oluthile lwetiye. Izincomo ezijwayelekile:

Izinga lokushisa kwamanzi: Kuma-Sheng Pu’er — 85-95°C, kuma-Shu Pu’er — 95-100°C, ematiyeni abomvu — 90-95°C, ematiyeni amhlophe — 70-85°C.
Inani letiye: Amagremu angu-5-7 emanzini angu-150-200 ml.
Izitsha: I-gaiwan, i-teapot yobumba lwe-Yixing, izitsha ze-porcelain.
Inqubo: Ukufudumeza izitsha, ukugeza itiye (kuma-pu’er), ukuphisa ngokuthelela ngokwandisa kancane kancane isikhathi sokugxilisa.
Inani lokuthelelwa: Lincike ohlotsheni lwetiye kanye nekhwalithi yempahla eluhlaza. I-Da Shu Cha enhle imelana nokuphindaphindwa okuningana (7-10 nangaphezulu).

10. Ukugcinwa:

Izimo zokugcina zincike ohlotsheni lwetiye. Ama-Sheng Pu’er, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zetiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala, aklanyelwe ukugcinwa isikhathi eside nokuvuthwa. Agcinwa endaweni eyomile, emnyama, enomoya omuhle, ezitsheni “eziphefumulayo” (i-ceramic, ubumba, iphepha). Ama-Shu Pu’er, amatiye abomvu namhlophe agcinwa ezitsheni ezivalekile, endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama.

11. Intengo Nokukhwabaniswa:

I-Da Shu Cha ingeyesigaba samatiye abizayo, asezingeni eliphezulu. Intengo ephezulu ibangelwa:

Ubudala bezihlahla: Impahla eluhlaza evela ezihlahleni ezindala inenani eliphakeme kakhulu.
Inani elilinganiselwe: Akuzona eziningi izihlahla zetiye ezindala.
Ubunzima bokuvuna: Ukuvuna impahla eluhlaza ezihlahleni ezindala, ikakhulukazi ezasendle, kuyadla isikhathi futhi kuvame ukuba yingozi.
Ikhwalithi ephezulu yempahla eluhlaza: Izihlahla ezindala zikhiqiza itiye elinokunambitheka okugcwele, iphunga, nomthelela onamandla.
Isidingo esikhulu: Isidingo se-Da Shu Cha sihlezi sikhula.

Ngenxa yentengo ephezulu nokuthandwa emakethe, ngeshwa, kunemikhuba eminingi yokukhwabanisa nokulingisa. Uzoyigwema kanjani imikhuba yokukhwabanisa:

Thenga kubathengisi abathembekile kuphela: Funafuna izitolo zetiye ezikhethekile ezinedumela elimsulwa, ezikhathalela amakhasimende azo nezingakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa ngomdabu wetiye, ubudala bezihlahla, umkhiqizi.
Qaphela intengo ephansi kakhulu: Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo — cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi kuyisibonakaliso esiqinisekile sokukhwabanisa. I-Da Shu Cha yangempela ayikwazi ukushibhile.
Hlola ukubukeka ngokucophelela: Amaqabunga kufanele aphelele, ahambisane nencazelo yohlobo oluthile lwetiye. Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamaqabunga aphukile, uthuli, ukungcola kwangaphandle — kuyisibonakaliso sekhwalithi ephansi.
Hlaziya iphunga: Itiye elomile kufanele libe nephunga elifanele lalolu hlobo lwetiye, ngaphandle kokungcola kwangaphandle.
Hlola ukujiya: Umbala wokujiya, ukunambitheka nephunga kufanele kuhambisane nencazelo.
Naka ubudala bezihlahla: Hlola ulwazi ngobudala bezihlahla, uma luchaziwe. Khumbula ukuthi ubudala kunzima ukubuqinisekisa, ngakho-ke thernba emithonjeni ethembekile kuphela.
Thenga inani elincane ukuze uzame: Ngaphambi kokuthenga isamba esikhulu setiye elibizayo, thatha inani elincane ukuze uzame ukuhlola ikhwalithi yalo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

“Izindawo” zetiye: E-Yunnan, njengasekwenzeni iwayini, umqondo “wendawo” uyahlonishwa — inhlanganisela yezimo zenhlabathi nesimo sezulu, ezinomthelela ekunambithekeni nasephungeni letiye. Izintaba ezahlukene, izigodi ngisho nezihlahla ngazinye zingaveza itiye elinezici eziyingqayizivele.
Itiye “lasendle”: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Da Shu Cha zivela ezihlahleni zetiye zasendle, okwenza zibe yivelakancane kakhulu futhi zibe yigugu.
Itiye nempilo: Emithini yendabuko yamaShayina, itiye elivela ezihlahleni ezindala lithathwa njengelilusizo ikakhulukazi empilweni nasekuphileni isikhathi eside.
Umthelela onamandla: I-Da Shu Cha, ikakhulukazi i-Sheng Pu’er, inomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni, ngakho-ke kufanele iphuzwe ngokuqapha, ulalele imizwa yakho.

13. Izifunda Ezaziwayo Zokukhiqiza i-Da Shu Cha e-Yunnan:

I-Xishuangbanna (Xishuangbanna):
- I-Yiwu (Yiwu): Esinye sezifunda zetiye ezaziwa kakhulu nezihlonishwayo, esidume ngamahlathi aso etiye asendulo. Ama-Sheng Pu’er ase-Yiwu — angamanye amatiye ayigugu kakhulu futhi afunwa kakhulu.
- I-Lao Ban Zhang (Lao Ban Zhang): Idolobhana elidume nge-Sheng Pu’er yalo enamandla, enothile nebizayo ephuma ezihlahleni ezindala.
- I-Bu Lang Shan (Bu Lang Shan): Isifunda sezintaba esinenani elikhulu lezihlahla zetiye ezindala. Ama-Sheng Pu’er ase-Bulangshan ahluke ngokunambitheka okuqinile, okuklebhulayo kanye nomthelela onamandla.
- I-Meng Song (Meng Song): Esinye isifunda esidume ngamahlathi etiye asendulo. Sihlonishwa ngokunambitheka nephunga elilinganiselayo.
- I-Bada Shan (Bada Shan): Isifunda sezintaba esidume ngezihlahla zetiye zasendle.
- I-Naka (Naka): Idolobhana lapho kukhiqizwa khona i-Sheng Pu’er edumile evela ezihlahleni ezindala, ehluke ngokunambitheka nephunga elihlangene.
- I-Manzhuan (蛮砖, Mánzhuān): Enye yezintaba “Eziyisithupha Zedumile Zetiye” zasendulo.
- I-Yibang (倚邦, Yǐbāng): Enye yezintaba “Eziyisithupha Zedumile Zetiye” zasendulo, eyaziwa nge-sheng pu’er yayo ethambile, kodwa enothile.
I-Lincang (Lincang):
- I-Bing Dao (Bing Dao): Idolobhana elidume nge-Sheng Pu’er yalo evela ezihlahleni ezindala. Itiye lase-Bing Dao linebizo eliphezulu futhi lithathwa njengelinye lamahle kunazo zonke esifundeni.
- I-Xigui (Xigui): Saziwa nge-Sheng Pu’er yaso enamandla futhi enephunga elimnandi.
- I-Mengku (Mengku): Esinye sezifunda ezinkulu zokukhiqiza i-pu’er e-Lincang.
I-Pu’er (Pu’er):
- I-Jing Mai (Jing Mai): Isifunda sezintaba esinezivande zetiye zasendulo.

14. I-Da Shu Cha Nomkhosi Wetiya:

I-Gongfu Cha: I-Da Shu Cha, ikakhulukazi i-Sheng Pu’er, ilungele kakhulu ukuphisa ngendlela ye-Gongfu Cha — umkhosi wendabuko wamaShayina wetiya. Le ndlela ivumela ukuveza ngokuphelele ukunambitheka nephunga letiye, futhi ujabulele inqubo ngokwayo.
Izitsha: Kokuphisa, kungcono kakhulu ukusebenzisa i-gaiwan noma i-teapot encane yobumba lwe-Yixing.
Ukuhlanganisa nokudla: I-Da Shu Cha, ngokuvamile, akujwayelekile ukuyihlanganisa nokudla, ukuze kungaphazanyiswa ukunambitheka nephunga layo. Leli tiye kungcono ukuphuza lodwa, ujabulela ukuphuza ngalunye.
Isikhathi sosuku: Ama-Sheng Pu’er avela ezihlahleni ezindala kungcono ukuphuza engxenyeni yokuqala yosuku ngenxa yomthelela wawo wokuvuselela. Ama-Shu Pu’er namatiye abomvu angaqhuzwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

15. Amathemba Entuthuko:

Isidingo esikhulayo: Isidingo se-Da Shu Cha sihlezi sikhula e-China nangaphandle.
Ukunikezwa okulinganiselwe: Inani lezihlahla zetiye ezindala lilinganiselwe, futhi ukukhiqiza kwazo kuncipha ngokukhula.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo: Kubalulekile ukulondoloza amahlathi etiye asendulo futhi kusetshenziswe izindlela eziqhubekayo zokuvuna nokukhiqiza itiye, ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo nazo zikwazi ukujabulela lo mkhiqizo oyingqayizivele.
Ukuvikelwa emikhubeni yokukhwabanisa: Ngokukhula kokuthandwa kwe-Da Shu Cha, inkinga yokukhwabanisa iba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kuthuthukiswa izindlela ezahlukene zokuqinisekisa ubuqiniso, kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu — ukuthenga itiye kubathengisi abathembekile.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Da Shu Cha iyisigaba esiyingqayizivele setiye, esifanekisela amandla nokuhlakanipha kwezihlahla zetiye zasendulo, ubuhle bokuqala bemvelo kanye namasiko acebe kakhulu okutshala itiye esifundazweni sase-Yunnan. Leli tiye elelabo abahlonipha ubuqiniso, ukujula kokunambitheka nephunga, umthelela onamandla futhi abakulungele ukuthatha uhambo olujabulisayo emhlabeni wamahlathi etiye asendulo. Ukuzama i-Da Shu Cha yangempela kusho ukuthinta umlando, ukuzwa ukuxhumana nemvelo nokuthola umuzwa wetiye ongenakuqhathaniswa nalutho. Kungaphezu nje kwesiphuzo — kuyifilosofi ephelele, indlela yokuzazi kanye nezwe elikuzungezile.