Chuānhóng Gōng Fū · new.thetea.app

I-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū ingelinye lamathiyo amathathu abomvu amahle kakhulu e-gōngfū-hóngchá e-China, eceleni kwe-Qíhóng (祁红) ne-Diānhóng (滇红). Iwukufakazela kwesiko letiye esifundazweni sase-Sichuan, itiye elinephunga elimnandi le-orange caramel (橘糖香, jútiáng xiāng), okuphawu lwayo olukhulu lokuhlonza emakethe yomhlaba.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kanye Nomdabu:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu lase-China (红茶, hóngchá), eline-oxidation egcwele.
Isigaba: I-Gōngfū-hóngchá (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá) — iqembu lamathiyo abomvu ase-China asezingeni eliphakeme, anezinhlelo zokwenziwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ifakwa phakathi kwamathathu amakhulu e-gōngfū-hóngchá e-China.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe i-Sichuan (四川省, Sìchuān Shěng), idolobha lase-Yibin (宜宾市, Yíbīn Shì) — izifunda zase-Junlian (筠连县, Jūnlián Xiàn), Gao (高县, Gāo Xiàn), Gong (珙县, Gǒng Xiàn) kanye nezindawo eziseduze eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Sichuan, ezifaka izindawo ezigudle ugu oluseningizimu yoMfula i-Yangtze.
Izixhumanisi zendawo: cishe 28°46′ enyakatho, 104°37′ empumalanga (indawo yase-Yibin).

2. Umlando kanye Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Umlando: Izimpande ze-Chuānhóng zihlehlela emuva enkathini ye-Qing. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Xuantong (宣统, 1909–1911), umthengisi wetiye wesifunda sase-Yibin, uLéi Yùxiáng (雷玉详), waletha ezweni lakubo ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza itiye elibomvu esifundazweni i-Fujian, futhi wabujwayeza izimo zendawo: esikhundleni somlilo wamahlahla ophayini ekubuniseni wasebenzisa ukomiswa kwemvelo, kanti esikhundleni sokugasela okuyintuthu yophayini wasebenzisa ukugcoba ngamalahle. Kanjalo kwakheka umfuziselo “wetiye elibomvu elihlehlile” (红散茶, hóng sǎn chá) — umanduleli we-Chuānhóng. Ngenkathi yeRiphabhulikhi, isizukulwane sesibili sezandla ezinkulu, ngaphansi kokuhola kuka-Wáng Wénchāo (王文钞), sathuthukisa ubuchwepheshe efemini “Bǎoxīng” (宝星茶厂), sandise isigaba sokugaywa okuyinhle (精制), futhi sakwazi ukufinyelela ukusonteka okuhle okuphawulekayo kanye nephunga elimnandi le-orange caramel. Ngo-1952, kwasungulwa inkampani kahulumeni, “I-Femu Yetiye Yase-Yibin” (宜宾茶厂), eyaba ngelinye lamafemu okuqala okuthumela itiye elibomvu e-China entsha, futhi itiye laqanjwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “Chuānhóng Gōng Fū”. Kusukela ngo-1958 kuya ku-1990, imikhiqizo yaleli femu yayithunyelwa ngobuningi bayo eSoviet Union, e-France, e-United Kingdom, eJalimane naseRomania. Ngo-1958, i-Chuānhóng yakhethwa ukuthi ibe itiye lesipho somhlangano kahulumeni ngomkhosi we-Qhubekeli Sizwe wase-Romania. Ngo-1985, itiye elibomvu le-gōngfū lase-Sichuan “Zǎobáijiān” (早白尖), elakhiqizwa efemini yase-Yibin, lawina indondo yegolide embukisweni wezwe wama-XXIV wemikhiqizo yokudla esezingeni e-Lisbon (e-Portugal). Ngabo-1990, ngenxa yezinguquko emakethe yomhlaba nokuhlelwa kabusha kwangaphakathi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-Chuānhóng kwehla kakhulu, uphawu lwanyamalala cishe ngokuphelele emakethe. Ukuvuselelwa kwaqala ngo-2010 ngokwasungulwa kwe-“Chuānhóng Tea Group” (川红茶业集团), kwathi ngo-2013 emhlanganweni we-Global Fortune e-Chengdu, i-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū yafakwa ohlwini lwezinto ezingama-22 “ezihlonza i-Sichuan” (四川名片). Ngo-2014, ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwe-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū bangena kwirejista yesine yamagugu angabonakali esifundazweni i-Sichuan — okwokuqala etiyeni elibomvu esifundazweni. Ngo-2018, inkampani enkulu i-Wǔliángyè (五粮液) yatshala imali ku-Chuānhóng Group, yethula isu “lokuhlanganisa itiye newayini”.
Igama: I-Chuān (川) yigama elifushanisiwe lesifundazwe i-Sichuan; i-Hóng (红) — “obomvu”, ibhekisela ohlotsheni lwetiye; i-Gōng Fū (工夫) — “umsebenzi wobuciko”, isho indlela yokwenza ebucayi, eyizigaba eziningi, lapho umsebenzi ngamunye udinga ikhono elikhulu nesikhathi esiningi.
Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū ifanekisa ifa letiye lase-Sichuan — isifunda esithathwa njengomunye wemilando yetiye e-China, enomlando wokulinywa kwetiye ongaphezu kweminyaka engu-3 000. I-Yibin, emi lapho kuhlangana khona imifula i-Minjiang ne-Yangtze, kudala yaziwa njengendawo yetiye lokuqala: ngenxa yesimo sezulu esithambile, izihlahla zetiye zasendaweni ziphaphama ema-30–40 kusenesikhathi kunezifunda ezisentshonalanga ye-Sichuan, futhi i-Chuānhóng entsha ifika emakethe ngo-April. Isimo samagugu angabonakali nolayini wokudluliselwa kwekhono ngezizukulwane ezinhlanu (kusuka ku-Léi Yùxiáng kuze kube umgcini wesiko lamanje u-Sūn Hóng) kuyinika inani elikhethekile njengomkhiqizo wobuciko ophilayo.

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yebhotani kanye Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / Ulimi olutshaliwe: Izinto ezingavuthiwe eziyinhloko — yizinhlobonhlobo zeqembu lase-Sichuan elinamaqabunga aphakathi namancane (四川中小叶群体种, Sìchuān zhōng-xiǎoyè qúntǐ zhǒng) Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Ngokomlando, uhlobo olutshatshalalisayo olubalulekile kwakuyi-Zǎobáijiān (早白尖, Zǎobáijiān, igama elisemthethweni Zǎobáijiān No. 5) — okungolunye lwezinketho zokuqala zohlobo oluphakeme olwamukelwa kuzwelonke, olwakhuliswa esifundeni sase-Junlian. Lesi isitshalo esiyisihlahla esinomqhele osabalala kancane, ubude bufinyelela ku-1.5 m, amaqabunga aphakathi, anamaqabunga amiswe okwe-ellipse, akhanyile ngokuluhlaza okungajulile. Kuphawuleka ngokukhishwa kwamahlumela kusenesikhathi kakhulu (izinsuku eziyi-10–15 kusenesikhathi kunezinye izinketho zendawo), yingakho abantu bayibiza ngokuthi “Itiye lesithunywa” (报讯茶). Amahlumela amasha agcwele izinwele ezimhlophe ezinezihloko ezisiliva. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kusetshenziswa nezinketho ezitshalwayo: Míngshān Báiháo 131 (名山白毫131), Fúdǐng Dàbái (福鼎大白茶), Fúxuǎn 9 (福选9号) — zonke zibonisa amandla amakhulu ephunga ekwenziweni kwetiye elibomvu.
Ukuvunwa: Intwasahlobo (kusukela ekupheleni kuka-March — ekuqaleni kuka-April), ihlobo kanye nekwindla. Ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokukhula (esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-210), kungenzeka izinkathi ezintathu zokuvunwa; isivuno sasekwindla sithatha ama-26–30% omthamo wonyaka. Itiye lasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo libaluleke kakhulu — ukugcwala kwezinhloko, ukunambitheka okuthambile nokumnandi okubonakalayo.
Izinga lokuvunwa: Igxolo elingu-1 + amaqabunga amancane angu-1–2 kumabanga aphezulu; kumabanga avamile kuvunyelwa igxolo elingu-1 + amaqabunga angu-2–3.
Izidingo zezinto ezingavuthiwe: amahlumela aphelele, amasha angenazo iziqu ezigqwalile noma ukulimala kwemishini; isikhathi esincane phakathi kokuvunwa nokuqala kwenqubo ukuze kugwenywe i-oxidation engadingekile.

4. I-Terroir kanye Nezici Zokulinywa:

Ukuphakama kokukhula: amamitha angu-800–1200 ngaphezu kolwandle. Amasimu etiye asezintabeni ezingaseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Sichuan, lapho ukuphakama kunikeza umehluko owanele wamazinga okushisa phakathi kosuku nobusuku ukuze kunqwanyanwe izinto eziyiphunga.
Isimo sezulu: Okune “kokuqala — ukuthamba — ukushesha — okuhle” (早、嫩、快、好) — yile ndlela ukulinywa kwetiye lendawo okuchazwa ngayo. Isifunda singaphansi kwethonya le-monsoon yaseningizimu-mpumalanga yolwandle; izintaba ze-Qinling ne-Daba zivikela umfula emkhathini onamandla obandayo wasenyakatho. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi unyaka wonke lingu-17–18 °C, izinga eliphansi kakhulu alihli ngaphansi kuka-−4 °C, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakathi lika-January liphakeme ngama-2–4 °C kunasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwelifu elifanayo emfuleni ophakathi nophansi we-Yangtze.
Imvula: 1000–1300 mm ngonyaka, isakazwa ngokulinganayo ngezikhathi zonyaka; isomiso sasehlobo asikho emazingeni aphezulu.
Inhlabathi: izinhlabathi eziphuzi ezinodaka basezintabeni (山地黄泥) nezihlabathi eziyinsomi eziyisihlabathi (紫色砂土), ezine-asidi (i-pH 4.5–5.5), ezikhipha amanzi kahle, ezinenhlabathi ephilayo eyanele.
Izici: Ukuqala kokuqhanyuka kusenesikhathi — izihlahla zetiye ziqala ukukhula ezinsukwini ezingama-39–40 kusenesikhathi kunasentshonalanga ye-Sichuan, okuvumela ukuthi kube ngezokuqala emakethe phakathi kwamathiyo abomvu ase-China futhi kunikeze inkathi yokuvunwa enwetshiwe (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-210).

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko be-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū, obakheka phakathi nekhulu lama-20, bufaka izigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: ukulungiswa kokuqala (初制, chūzhì) nokulungiswa kohlelo (精制, jīngzhì). Izici ezibalulekile ezehlukanisa i-Chuānhóng kwamanye amathiyo e-gōngfū abomvu: ukubunisa okungokwemvelo, ukusonteka ngesandla kanye nokugcoba ngamalahle — izinsika ezintathu zobuchwepheshe, eziyisisekelo sokuhlinzekwa kwesimo segugu elingabonakali.

Ukuvunwa (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla ngendlela “tícǎi” (提采) — ukugqashuka kahle kwehlumela kubheke phezulu, okuvimbela ukulimala kwesiqu.
Ukubunisa (萎凋, wěidiāo): Ngokwendabuko — ukubunisa okungokwemvelo egumbini (室内自然萎凋): amaqabunga asakazwa ngocwambu oluncane endaweni enomoya ovunguza amahora angu-12–18 kuze kube lula futhi kulahlekelwe cishe u-35–40% womswakama. Kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1970, kwasetshenziswa ukoma kwemvelo kuphela; kusukela ngo-1970, emaqoqweni amakhulu ezimboni kwaqala ukusetshenziswa ukushisa okwenziwe, nokho amaqoqo obuciko asabunjiswa ngendlela yemvelo.
Ukusonteka (揉捻, róuniǎn): Ngokwendabuko — ukusonteka ngesandla (手工精揉) ngezigaba ezi-2–3, ngomzuzu ngamunye wemizuzu engama-30, kuhlukaniswe phakathi izigaxa (解块, jiěkuài) nokuhlunga. Amahlumela athambile asonteka masinyane; amaqabunga avuthiwe adinga ingcindezi eyengeziwe. Inhloso — ukukhipha ijusi yeseli ngaphandle ukuze i-oxidation ilingane, nokunikeza iqabunga isimo esiqinile esimise okwe-elongate. Izinga lokusonteka — 80–90%.
I-Oxidation / ukuvutshelwa (发酵, fājiào): Iqabunga elisontakele lifakwa ekamelweni elikhethekile elinomswakama olinganiselwe nezinga lokushisa (25–30 °C, umswakama ohlobene ≥ 95%). Isikhathi esiyi-3–5 amahora kuze kwakheke umbala obomvu-bethusi ophawulekayo weqabunga kanye nephunga elimnandi lezithelo nezimbali.
Ukoma / ukugcoba ngamalahle (干燥, gānzào): Izigaba ezimbili zokugcoba — okokuqala (毛火, máo huǒ) emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukumisa i-oxidation ngokushesha, bese kuba izinga lokushisa eliphansi (足火, zú huǒ) lokuqedela ukoma kancane nokulungisa iphunga. Ngokwendabuko kusetshenziswa amalahle ezinkuni (木炭烘焙, mùtàn hōngbèi), ahlinzeka ngokudlulisa ukushisa okuphezulu nokulinganayo.
Ukulungiswa kahle (精制, jīngzhì): Ukuhlunga (筛分, shāifēn), ukusika (切断, qiēduàn), ukuhlunga ngomoya (风选, fēngxuǎn), ukukhetha ngesandla (拣挑, jiǎntiāo), ukuhlangana (拼配匀堆, pīnpèi yúnduī) kanye nokushisisa okokugcina ukuze kuphakanyiswe iphunga (复火提香, fùhuǒ tíxiāng).

6. Izimpawu Zomzwelo:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: Isimo esisontakele esiqinile, esikhukhumele (肥壮圆紧); iqabunga licinene, linezinhloko zegolide ezibonakalayo (金毫); umbala — umnyama onokucwebezela kwamafutha (乌黑油润). Amabanga aphezulu akhombisa “izihloko” ezintofontofo (锋苗) ezingoswini lwamahlumela.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Ligqamile, lisha, linethoni ecacile ye-orange caramel (橘糖香) — uphawu lwephunga oluqavile lwe-Chuānhóng. Ngemuva kukho — iphunga loju, izimbali nezithelo; lapho uphefumula ngokujulile, kuzwakala izithako ezinoshukela.
Iphunga lomhluzi: Linezigaba eziningi: ezingwini ezingaphezulu — i-orange zest noshukela oshile; phakathi nendawo — ubumnandi bezimbali nezithelo ezivuthiwe; ezingaphansi — umzila ofudumele, oyintuthu ovela ekugcobeni ngamalahle. Iphunga lihlala lixegayo, alilahleki ngeziphuze eziyi-5–6.
Ukunambitheka: Kunzima, kunamajusi futhi kusha (醇厚鲜爽), nobumnandi bemvelo obubonakalayo; ukuhlaba kuthambile, kusheshe kushintshele ekunambithekeni okumnandi ngemuva (回甘). Ulimini — lushelela, lumboza ubuso; uma kwenziwa nge-gōngfū, itiye likhuthazelela iziphuzo eziyi-6–8 ngokuthuthuka kahle kwephrofayela kusuka ekunambithekeni okugqamile kwezithelo kuya ekufudumeleni okulinganayo kwe-caramel.
Umbala womhluzi: Kusuka kokubomvu okugqamile kuya kokubomvu kwe-ruby eceleni okuyigolide (金圈); ugcwele, ukhanyile futhi ucwebezela (浓亮).
Indawo yetiye (iqabunga elenziwe): Kubomvu-bethusi, lithambile futhi likhulu (厚软红匀); kumabanga aphezulu amaqabunga aphelele futhi afakwe umbala ngokulinganayo, anwebekayo lapho ethintwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Polyphenols: Inani le-polyphenols yetiye eqabungeni eliyi-lisha leqembu lase-Sichuan — cishe 25–30%; lapho kwenziwa itiye elibomvu, ingxenye enkulu yama-catchin iguqulelwa kuma-theaflavin (enikeza ukugqama komhluzi kanye “nendandatho yegolide” ezindongeni zekomishi) nama-thearubigin (akha ukujula kombala nobushelelezi bomhluzi). Ngeqembu elitshalwayo i-Zǎobáijiān, inani le-polyphenols eqabungeni eliyi-lisha licishe libe ngu-25.74%.
Ama-amino acid: I-L-theanine namanye ama-amino acid akhululekile — kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5.7% eqabungeni elomile (imininingwane evela eqenjini lase-Sichuan ngokwezilinganiso ze-“Tea Research Institute” ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences). Izinga eliphezulu lama-amino acid — lingenye yezinto ezenza ukunambitheka kube lula futhi “kube namajusi”.
Ama-alkaloids: I-caffeine — cishe 3.87% (i-Zǎobáijiān); i-theobromine ne-theophylline kukhona kancane kakhulu. Ukukhishwa okunamanzi (水浸出物) — cishe 45.37%, okubonisa ukugcwala okuphezulu komhluzi.
Izinto eziphunga eziguqukayo: Ngokocwaningo lwe-SPME-GC-MS, kumathiyo e-gōngfū abomvu ase-Sichuan, kubonwa izingxenye eziyi-148 zephunga. Kuningi kakhulu ama-alcohol (45.97–63.78%): i-geraniol, i-linalool nama-oxides ayo, i-phenylethyl alcohol, i-nérolidol, i-benzyl alcohol. Yizo lezi ezakha iphrofayela “elibumnandi-kwezimbali nezithelo”. Isilinganiso se-linalool ne-geraniol (inkomba ye-terpen) eqenjini elinamaqabunga aphakathi ase-Sichuan singama-0.60, okufaka i-Chuānhóng emathiyweni aphunga phezulu.
Amavithamini: Amavithamini C (ehla nge-oxidation, kodwa asala ingxenye), B₁, B₂, P (rutin), E.
Amaminerali: I-potassium (iyona nto eyinhloko ekhishwa emhluzwini wetiye, ifinyelela ku-60–70% iya emanzini lapho kwenziwa itiye), i-magnesium, i-manganese (izinga layo liphezulu emathiyweni asezintabeni zase-Sichuan ngenxa yenhlabathi ephuzi ene-asidi), i-fluoride (~50–120 mg/kg yesisindo esomile), i-zinc, i-phosphorus. Inhlabathi enesihlabathi esiyinsomi (紫色砂土) eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Sichuan iphinde inothise iqabunga nge-iron ne-silicon.

8. Izinzuzo Kwezempilo:

Ukuqabula okuthambile: I-caffeine ihlangene ne-L-theanine inikeza ukukhushulwa kahle kwamandla ngaphandle “kokuphakama okukhulu” — umphumela ochazwa ngokuthi “ukugxilisa ingqondo okuzolile”.
Ukuvikela ama-antioxidant: Ama-theaflavin nama-thearubigin anekhono elibonakalayo lokunciphisa ama-radicali akhululekile, asekela amandla omzimba okulwa ne-oxidation.
Ukusekela ukugaya ukudla: Itiye elibomvu ngokwendabuko lithathwa njengelithambile esiswini; umhluzi ofudumele ngemva kokudla usiza ukugayeka kahle.
Inhliziyo nemithambo yegazi: Ukusetshenziswa okulingene kwetiye elibomvu njalo kuhlotshaniswa nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo ngenxa yomsebenzi we-polyphenols.
Umphumela wokufudumeza: Ngokwesiko lokudla lase-China, itiye elibomvu lihlukaniswa njengesiphuzo “esifudumele” (温), okwenza kube kuhle ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezibandayo.
Imisebenzi yokuqonda: Ukuhlangana kwe-caffeine ne-theanine kusekela ukunaka nesivinini sokusabela; kuyasiza ekusebenzeni kwengqondo okujulile.
Ukwaneliseka ngokomzwelo: Iphunga elifudumele le-orange caramel nobumnandi boju kunikeza umphumela ophumule “wezinzwa”.

9. Indlela Yokwenza Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95 °C kumaqoqo ajwayelekile; 80–90 °C kumabanga aphezulu nakumathiyo athambile anezinhloko ezizodwa (njenge “Guìfēihóng” noma “Jīnyá”).
Isilinganiso setiye: amagremu angu-4–5 ku-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gōngfū); amagremu angu-2–3 ku-200–250 ml (indlela yase-Europe yokugxilisa).
Isitsha: I-gàiwān yobumba (盖碗) engu-100–120 ml — iyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuvula iphrofayela lephunga; kumaqoqo acinene, avuthiwe kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa i-teapot yobumba. Ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga — i-teapot yobumba noma ibhodlela lengilazi.
Amanzi: Amanzi ahlanzekile omfula, asebhodleleni noma ahlungiwe; amanzi ompompi ane-hardness ephezulu ne-chlorine awanconywa.
Inqubo:
1. Shisisa isitsha ngamanzi abilayo bese uwachitha.
2. Thela itiye, ulinikeze imizuzwana embalwa “ukuze livuke” e-gàiwān eshisayo.
3. Ukuhlambulula (uma uthanda) — ukuthelela ngokushesha imizuzwana engu-1–2, ukuchitha; kumabanga athambile ukuhlambulula akudingekile.
4. Ukuthelela kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-5–8, thela ku-chahai (公道杯).
5. Ukuthelela okulandelayo: kwandisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-3–5 ngokuthelela ngakunye.
6. Isiqondisi: izithelelo eziyi-6–8; amaqoqo acinene akhuthazelela kuze kube yizithelelo eziyi-10.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isiqukathi esivalekayo esingabonakali (ikani likathayela, isikhwama se-foil esine-zip) — leso isidingo esiyinhloko. Gcina endaweni eyomile, epholile, emnyama, kude namaphunga angafani; izinga lokushisa elifanele ngu-10–25 °C, umswakama ungadluli ku-60%. Amatiiyi abomvu abonakalisa kangcono izici zawo ezinyangeni eziyi-12–24 zokuqala ngemuva kokukhiqizwa; amaqoqo acinene afake amalahle uma egcinwe kahle angakhula kamnandi phakathi neminyaka engu-2–3, ethola amathoni engeziwe oju nezokhuni. Gwema ukugcinwa eduze kwezinongo, ikhofi nanoma yimiphi imikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla.

11. Intengo kanye Nokukhwabanisa:

Intengo ye-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū yehluka kusuka kokulingene (amaqoqo amaningi avela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezijwayelekile) kuya kokuphezulu (amaqoqo obuciko avela ohlotsheni olitshalwayo i-Zǎobáijiān, ukuvunwa kwasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ukusebenza ngesandla ngobuchwepheshe bendabuko nokugcoba ngamalahle). Intengo inqunywa: yi-terroir (isimu elisendaweni ephakeme vs. elisethafeni), ibanga (ingxenye yezinhloko), inkathi yokuvunwa, indlela yokusebenza (ngesandla vs. ngomshini) kanye nokuba khona kwezimo (uphawu lwesifundazwe, igugu elingabonakali).

Ungagwema kanjani ukukhwabanisa:
1. Hlola imvelaphi: i-Chuānhóng yoqobo ikhiqizwa ezindaweni eziseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Sichuan (Yibin, Junlian, Gaoxian, Gongxian); itiye elivela kwezinye izifundazwe, noma lingamakwe njenge-“Chuānhóng”, alihlangabezani nezinga.
2. Hlola iphunga: inothi eliphawulekayo le-orange caramel — wuphawu oluyinhloko; ukungabikho kwaleli phunga noma ukuba khona kwezinto ezihlaba ngamakhemikhali kubonisa ukumunca noma ikhwalithi ephansi yezinto ezingavuthiwe.
3. Umhluzi kufanele ube bomvu ogqamile, ukhanyile futhi ucwebezela; ukufiphalisa, ukunambitheka kwenhlabathi — kuyizimpawu zokusebenza okungekuhle.
4. Bheka iqabunga: ukusonteka okuqinile nezinhloko zegolide; iqabunga elingaqinile, elikhululekile elingenazo izinwele lifakazela izinto ezingavuthiwe ezisezingeni eliphansi.
5. Intengo esolisayo ephansi kakhulu “yembasa” noma “yobuciko” — kuyinkomba eqinile yokumunca; qhathanisa nentengo yemakethe kubadayisi abathembekile.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

I-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū ibizwa ngokuthi “itiye lokuqala elibomvu lentwasahlobo e-China”: ngenxa yokuphaphama kusenesikhathi kwezihlahla zetiye zendawo, ifika emakethe ngo-April, idlula iningi labancintisana nabo. Ubuhle obune be-Chuānhóng — “kusesheshe, kuthambile, kushesha, kuhle” (早、嫩、快、好) — sekuyisiqubulo esingaziwa ekulinyweni kwetiye lase-Sichuan.
Ngo-1979, uqoqo lokuqala lwe-Chuānhóng Gōng Fū lwebanga eliphezulu lwathengiswa emakethe yamazwe ngaphandle ngentengo engu-7 320 US dollar ngetani — ephakeme kunalawo etiye elibomvu elifanayo avela kwezinye izifundazwe, okwakufakazela ukuqashelwa ngamazwe omhlaba.
Ubuchwepheshe be-Chuānhóng budluliselwa ngolayini wezandla oqhubekayo: isizukulwane soku-1 — U-Léi Yùxiáng (inkathi ye-Qing), sesi-2 — u-Wáng Wénchāo (1930–1940), sesi-3 — u-Léi Chénglún (雷成伦), sesi-4 — u-Yáng Bǎochén (杨宝琛), sesi-5 — u-Sūn Hóng (孙洪, kusukela ngo-2010). Lesi singesinye samathiyo abomvu ambalwa e-China anomlando womndeni wokukhonjiswa kwekhono obhalwe phansi.
I-Sichuan ithathwa njengelinye lamazwe amadala okuzalwa kwesihlahla setiye: esifundeni sase-Yibin itiye lilinywa iminyaka engaphezu kuka-3 000, okwenza le ndawo kungabi nje yisifunda sokukhiqiza, kodwa kube yisizinda somlando womhlaba wesiko letiye.
Ngo-2018, inkampani ephethe i-Wǔliángyè — umkhiqizi omkhulu we-báijiǔ e-China — yatshala imali ku-Chuānhóng Group. Ngakho-ke iziphuzo ezimbili ezinkulu “zesizwe” sase-China — itiye notshwala obunamandla — zahlanganiswa ngokwesibonakaliso ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa lwenkampani ngaphakathi kwesu “茶酒融合” (ukuhlanganisa itiye newayini).

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amathiyo e-gōngfū abomvu:

Qíhóng Gōngfū (祁门工夫, Qímén Gōngfū): I-Anhui, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amancane. Iphunga layo liyahluka ngokuthambile, linethoni “ye-orchid” (祁门香) nezimbali ze-rose nezithelo; umhluzi ulula kancane kuno-Chuānhóng. Umbala womhluzi — ubomvu we-ruby. Ithathwa njengeyisilinganiso “sephunga eliphezulu” phakathi kwamathiyo abomvu omhlaba.
Diānhóng Gōngfū (滇红工夫, Diānhóng Gōngfū): I-Yunnan, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu (C. sinensis var. assamica). Inamandla kakhulu futhi icinene kuno-Chuānhóng; iphunga layo linobisi loju nokhula we-malt kanye nezinsolo ze-chocolate; inezinhloko zegolide eziningi. Umhluzi umnyama futhi ujiyile.
Yīnghóng Gōngfū (宜红工夫, Yíhóng Gōngfū): I-Hubei, izinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga aphakathi. Ifana ne-Chuānhóng ngohlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe, kodwa iphunga layo lingaphansi, linephrofayela lezithelo noju; ukunambitheka kwayo kulingene, ngaphandle “kokukhanya kwe-caramel” okuphawulekayo kwe-Chuānhóng.
Mǐnhóng Gōngfū (闽红工夫, Mǐnhóng Gōngfū): I-Fujian, ifaka izinhlobonhlobo eziningana (Tanyang, Bailin, Zhenghe). Amatiiyi abomvu ase-Fujian — angokhokho bobuchwepheshe u-Léi Yùxiáng alujwayeza e-Sichuan. Iphunga liba nezimbali kakhulu futhi “linoshukela wesinkwa”; umhluzi uphakathi.

Ekuphethweni:

I-Chuānhóng Gōngfū iyitiye le-phoenix: elizelwe lapho kuhlangana khona isiko lobuciko base-Fujian ne-terroir yase-Sichuan ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, landiza ngokushesha lafinyelela ekuqashelweni ngamazwe omhlaba, lasinda ukuncishwa cishe okuphelele ngawo-1990, futhi manje livuselelwa ngokuqiniseka. Inzuzo yalo enkulu — iphunga elimnandi le-orange caramel, elingeke lenziwe ngaphandle kweningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Sichuan: ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshalo zasendaweni ezinamaqabunga aphakathi, isimo sezulu esifudumele sezintaba, kanye nobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokubunisa okungokwemvelo nokugcoba ngamalahle, yikho kuphela okwenza le phrofayela eyingqayizivele. Kumthandi wetiye elibomvu, ofuna enye indlela egqamile, enamajusi futhi engajwayelekile endaweni ye-Qíhóng noma ye-Diānhóng, i-Chuānhóng Gōngfū iyokuba wukutholakala kwangempela — itiye elisemuva kwalo kukhona iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezintathu yomlando wetiye kanye nezizukulwane ezinhlanu zezandla ezinkulu.

14. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amathiyo abomvu e-gōngfū:

Qíhóng Gōngfū (祁门工夫, Qímén Gōngfū): I-Anhui, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amancane. Iphunga layo liyahluka ngokuthambile, linethoni “ye-orchid” (祁门香) nezimbali ze-rose nezithelo; umhluzi ulula kancane kuno-Chuānhóng. Umbala womhluzi — ubomvu we-ruby. Ithathwa njengeyisilinganiso “sephunga eliphezulu” phakathi kwamathiyo abomvu omhlaba.
Diānhóng Gōngfū (滇红工夫, Diānhóng Gōngfū): I-Yunnan, izinto ezingavuthiwe ezinamaqabunga amakhulu (C. sinensis var. assamica). Inamandla kakhulu futhi icinene kuno-Chuānhóng; iphunga layo linobisi loju nokhula we-malt kanye nezinsolo ze-chocolate; inezinhloko zegolide eziningi. Umhluzi umnyama futhi ujiyile.
Yīnghóng Gōngfū (宜红工夫, Yíhóng Gōngfū): I-Hubei, izinhlobonhlobo ezinamaqabunga aphakathi. Ifana ne-Chuānhóng ngohlobo lwezinto ezingavuthiwe, kodwa iphunga layo lingaphansi, linephrofayela lezithelo noju; ukunambitheka kwayo kulingene, ngaphandle “kokukhanya kwe-caramel” okuphawulekayo kwe-Chuānhóng.
Mǐnhóng Gōngfū (闽红工夫, Mǐnhóng Gōngfū): I-Fujian, ifaka izinhlobonhlobo eziningana (Tanyang, Bailin, Zhenghe). Amatiiyi abomvu ase-Fujian — angokhokho bobuchwepheshe u-Léi Yùxiáng alujwayeza e-Sichuan. Iphunga liba nezimbali kakhulu futhi “linoshukela wesinkwa”; umhluzi uphakathi.

Ekuphethweni: