Bìluó Hóngchá · new.thetea.app

Bìluó Hóngchá (碧螺红茶, bìluó hóngchá) iyinhlwa ebomvu ekhiqizwa kusisetshenziswa izinto ezifanayo zokusetshenziswa endaweni efanayo netiye eliluhlaza elidumile i-Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn (洞庭碧螺春, Dòngtíng Bìluóchūn), kodwa elenziwe ngobuchwepheshe be-oxidation ephelele. Lolu wumkhiqizo omusha ngo-2010s, owavela njengendlela yokusebenzisa izinto ezingasetshenziswanga ekukhiqizeni itiye eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu, futhi washeshe wathola indawo yawo phakathi kwabathandi.

1. Ikilasi Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiye elibomvu (红茶, hóngchá) — eline-oxidation ephelele / elivutshelwe ngokuphelele.
Isigaba: Amatiye abomvu aseShayina esifunda; i-gōngfū hóngchá (工夫红茶, gōngfū hóngchá). Itiye lesimanje elakhiwe ngokwesisekelo sendawo yomlando.
Imvelaphi: IShayina, isifundazwe sase-Jiangsu (江苏, Jiāngsū), idolobha lase-Suzhou (苏州市, Sūzhōu shì), isifunda sase-Wuzhong (吴中区, Wúzhōng qū); izintaba zase-Dòngtíng — i-peninsula yase-Dōngshān (洞庭东山, Dòngtíng Dōngshān) kanye nesiqhingi sase-Xīshān (洞庭西山, Dòngtíng Xīshān) echibini i-Tàihú (太湖, Tàihú).
Izixhumanisi Zezindawo: ≈ 31.07°N, 120.38°E (indawo yase-Dōngshān – Xīshān, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Suzhou).

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwesiko:

Umlando: Isifunda sase-Dòngtíngshān sase silkhiqiza itiye iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane: ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Tang (唐, 618–907) emibhalweni kukhulunywa “ngetiye lase-Dòngtíng”, kwathi ngesikhathi sase-Song (宋, 960–1279) itiye “Shuǐyuè” (水月茶) laqokwa njengomnikelo wobukhosi (gòngchá, 贡茶). Igama layo lamanje elithi “Bìluóchūn” (碧螺春) lanikezwa, ngokombhalo ka-Wáng Yīngkuí “Liǔnán suíbǐ” (《柳南随笔》), nguMbusi uKāngxī (康熙) ngonyaka ka-1699 (unyakawama-38 wokubusa kukaKāngxī), lapho umphathi uSòng Luò (宋荦) enikela itiye lendawo, ngaphambili elaziwa ngegama elimnene elithi “Xiàshālén xiāng” (吓煞人香, “Iphunga elimangalisayo”). UMbusi wabona igama lesintu lingelihle futhi waqamba itiye “Bìluóchūn” — “Izithombo Eziluhlaza Entwasahlobo”.

Nokho, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu kulezi zinto eziyiso — kuyinto entsha. Ukwanda kwentshisekelo etiyeni elibomvu lase-Bìluóchūn kwaqala cishe ngeminyaka yawo-2010 ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa: okokuqala, unyaka nonyaka eningizimu ye-Dòngtíng kuyanda inani lamaqabunga avunwa ngemuva kwenkathi ye-Qīngmíng (清明, qīngmíng) ne-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, gǔyǔ) angahambisani nezidingo zetiye eliluhlaza elisezingeni eliphezulu i-Bìluóchūn; okwesibili, kuye kwehle isibalo sezingcweti zokugazinga ngesandla itiye eliluhlaza; okwesithathu, itiye elibomvu ligcinwa futhi lithuthwa kangcono. Ngale ndlela itiye elibomvu lase-Bìluóchūn lasuka ekubeni ngumkhiqizo oseceleni laya ekubeni yimpahla ezimele. Kusukela ngo-2019 amanani e-Bìluó Hóngchá aqala ukukhuphuka, okukhombisa ukwakheka kwendawo yawo yemakethe. Ngo-2025 isifunda sase-Wuzhong sashicilela “Izinga Laseqenjini Letiye Elibomvu Lase-Dòngtíngshān” (《洞庭山红茶团体标准》), eliqopha izidingo zokukhiqiza.
Igama: 碧 (bì) — “okuluhlaza okotshani, okuhlangene”; 螺 (luó) — “umsongela, umnenke” (okubhekisele emsongweni oyingqayizivele weqabunga); 红茶 (hóngchá) — “itiye elibomvu”. Ngakho-ke, igama likhomba ngokuqondile: leli yitiye elibomvu elenziwe ngezinto eziyisisekelo zendawo yase-Bìluóchūn, elathola umsongela oyisici kumzekelo oluhlaza.
Ukubaluleka kwesiko: I-Bìluó Hóngchá iyisibonelo sendlela yokudala yokuhlukanisa isifunda sedumile setiye: akusona esikhundleni setiye eliluhlaza, kodwa “isibuko saso esibomvu”, esivumela ukwembula indawo efanayo — ikakhulukazi uhlelo oluyingqayizivele lokutshala okuhlanganyelwe izihlahla zetiye nezithelo (茶果复合系统, cháguǒ fùhé xìtǒng) — ngephrofayili ehluke ngokuphelele yokunambitheka. Leli tiye selibe uphawu lwesizukulwane esisha sabalimi be-Dòngtíng.

3. Incazelo Yezitshalo Nezinto Zokusetshenziswa:

Uhlobo / I-Cultivar: Inqwaba yendawo yase-Dòngtíng yohlobo lwamaqabunga amancane (洞庭山群体小叶种, Dòngtíngshān qúntǐ xiǎoyè zhǒng), ehlobene ne-Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Amagama ejwayelekile ahlanganisa “liǔyètiáo” (柳叶条, “iqabunga le-willow”) kanye “nejiàngbǎntóu” (酱板头). Lesi yisona sizinda sofuzo sangempela esisetshenziswa ku-Bìluóchūn oluhlaza — inqwaba ekhethwe ngokwemvelo iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane yokulinywa ngaphansi kwezimo zase-Tàihú. Izitshalo ziyizihlahla eziphansi (0,7–2,5 m) ezinamaqabunga amancane, aqinile kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ezinamakha.
Ukuvuna: Kwetiye elibomvu lamabanga aphezulu kusetshenziswa izinto ezivunwe ngaphambi kwe-Qīngmíng (清明, cishe ngo-April 5) — “míngqián” (明前); inani elikhulu livela emva kwe-Qīngmíng kuze kufike e-Gǔyǔ (谷雨, cishe ngo-April 20) nangemuva kwalokho — ngasekupheleni kuka-April ukuya ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.
Izinga lokuvuna: Kumaqoqo asezingeni eliphezulu — ihlumela elilodwa neqabunga elilodwa noma amabili (一芽一叶 / 一芽二叶, yī yá yī yè / yī yá èr yè). Kwetiye elibomvu elijwayelekile kuvunyelwa ukuvunwa okuvuthiwe kakhudlwana — ihlumela elilodwa namacembu amabili kuya kwamathathu amaqabunga (一芽二三叶), kufaka phakathi “amaqabunga amakhulu” (大叶子) okuvunwa kwesizini sekwedlule.
Izidingo zezinto zokusetshenziswa: Iqabunga elisha eliphelele ngaphandle komonakalo womshini. Kwetiye elibomvu, isidingo esibalulekile — ukungabi bikho “kwamakhanda abomvu” (红头) esigabeni sangaphambi kokubuna okulawulwayo, okungukuthi, iqabunga akumele liqale ukuhola ngokuzihambela ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa.

4. I-Terroir Nezimpawu Zokulima:

Ubude bendawo: 50–293 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ingxenye enkulu yamasimu etiye isezintabeni zase-Dōngshān (isiqongo esikhulu i-Mòlí Fēng, 莫厘峰, 293,5 m) nasezigodini zase-Xīshān.
Isimo sezulu: I-subtropical monsoon, ethanjiswe kakhulu yisisindo samanzi e-Tàihú — ichibi elikhulu kunazo zonke elinamanzi ahlanzekile e-Yangtze Delta (indawo ≈ 2 250 km²). Ubusika abubandi kakhulu, ihlobo alishisi, izinga lokushisa lonyaka lika-15,5–16,5°C, imvula yonyaka i-1 000–1 200 mm, umswakama womoya ungama-75–85%. Amafu kanye nenkungu elula ephuma echibini kuhamba kanye namasimu etiye, okuhlinzeka ngokukhanya okusakazekile, okulungele ukuqongelela ama-amino acid eqabungeni.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi yasehlathini ephuzi-nsundu kanye nenhlabathi ebomvu-ephuzi ye-lateritic (红黄壤, hónghuáng rǎng), i-acidity pH 4,5–6,0; icebile nge-organic ne-phosphorus ngenxa yokuwa kwamahlamvu ezithelo okwenzeka amakhulu eminyaka.
I-agrotechnology: Isici esiyinhloko — uhlelo lwetiye nezithelo (茶果复合系统, cháguǒ fùhé xìtǒng), olwaqashelwa ngo-2020 nguMnyango Wezolimo we-PRC “njengeGugu Elibalulekile Lezolimo LaseShayina.” Izihlahla zetiye zikhula ngaphansi komthunzi wezihlahla ze-loquat (枇杷, pípa), i-myricaria/yumberry (杨梅, yángméi), ama-mandarin (柑桔, gānjú), izihlahla zamapentshisi, amapulamu, nama-chestnut. Izimpande zezihlahla zezithelo netiye ziyaphambana; izimbali nezithelo eziwile zicebisa inhlabathi, kanti iqabunga letiye limunca amakha ezithelo — yilokhu okwenza umlingiswa odumile “wezimbali nezithelo” (花香果味, huāxiāng guǒwèi), ohlukanisa izinto zase-Dòngtíng kunanoma yiziphi ezinye eShayina. Ukumboza kwehlathi kufinyelela ku-80%, okuhlinzeka ngomthunzi wemvelo.

5. Ubucwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ngokungafani ne-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza, lapho zonke izigaba ezine ezibalulekile (杀青 — 揉捻 — 搓团显毫 — 干燥) zenziwa nge-wok eyodwa phakathi kwemizuzu engama-30–40, ukukhiqizwa kwetiye elibomvu kuyinqubo ende, ethatha izinsuku ezi-3–4, futhi edinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nesikhathi esigabeni ngasinye.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎizhāi): Ukuvunwa ngesandla ngokukhetha amahlumela amnene; kwetiye elibomvu kuvunyelwe iqabunga elivuthiwe kakhudlwana kune-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza.
Ukubuna (萎凋, wěidiāo): Iqabunga elisanda kuvunwa liyendlalwa ngokwendlaleka okuncane endlini enomoya omuhle ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. Izingcweti ezisezingeni zisebenzisa amafreyimu okubuna akhethekile (萎凋池) anezinga lokushisa elilawulwayo ukuze kwehle umswakama ngokulinganayo. Inhloso — ukwenza iqabunga libe lula futhi linwebeke (lapho licindezelwa ngesandla, iqabunga kufanele ligobeke ngaphandle kokuphuka, kufane nomhlama). Ngezikhathi ezithile iqabunga liyaphendulwa, ukuvimbela ukubomvu ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ubude — amahora angu-8–16 ngokuya ngezimo zezulu.
Ukusonga (揉捻, róuniǎn): Kusetshenziswa umshini wokusonga (ngokungafani nokusongwa ngesandla kwe-Bìluóchūn oluhlaza). Umgomo wokucindezela: kusuka kokuncane kuya kokunamandla bese kubuyela kokuncane, isikhathi esiphelele cishe ihola. Inhloso — ukudiliza izindonga zamangqamuzana, ukukhipha amajusi nama-enzyme, ukwakha umsongela oqinile oyisiwombe, okuwuphawu lwesitayela sase-Bìluóchūn. Ukucindezela ngokweqile kuzoholela ekwephukeni kweqabunga.
Ukuvutshelwa / i-oxidation (发酵, fājiào): Iqabunga elisongelwe lifakwa endaweni efudumele enomswakama (izinga lokushisa ~25–28°C, umswakama ≥ 90%) amahora angu-4–8. Ama-catechin ahlanganiswa abe yi-theaflavins (金黄) nama-thearubigins (红褐), akhe umbala obomvu-amberi we-infusion kanye nephunga elimnandi eliyinhlanganisela yobusi nezithelo. Isikhathi sokumisa ukuvutshelwa sinqunywa ngezinzwa: iqabunga lithola umbala obomvu wethusi onephunga lezithelo elicacile.
Ukomiswa / ukufudumeza (烘干, hōnggān): Kwenziwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo (80–110°C) ukuze kulungiswe iphrofayili yokuvutshelwa futhi kwehliswe umswakama osele ufike ku-≤ 6%. Ukomiswa ngezigaba ezimbili: ukomiswa kokuqala okushisayo ukumisa i-oxidation, bese “kuyavuthwa” kokugcina ngaphansi kohlelo olulula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukujula kwephunga.
Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Itiye eliqediwe lihlukaniswa ngezigaba — kusuka kumaqoqo e-tip anezinwele eziningi zegolide kuya kulawo anamaqabunga amakhulu.

6. Izici Zokuhlola Ngezinzwa:

Ukubukeka kweqabunga elomile: “Izithombo” ezicijile, ezisongelwe ngokuqinile ezinobude obuyi-1–2 cm; umbala — kusuka ekusondweni nsundu ngokumnyama kuya komnyama ngamathiphu asagolide (金毫, jīnháo). Amabanga aphezulu abonisa uboya obuningi nokucwebezela “kwethusi” okugqamile.
Iphunga leqabunga elomile: Likhanya, limnandi, linamanothi agqamile obusi, i-aphrichi elomile, ne-caramel efudumele; ngemuva — umkhondo wezimbali, owatholwa ekuhlanganiseni nezihlahla zezithelo.
Iphunga le-infusion: Linezigaba eziningi: ekuphuzweni kokuqala — uju, i-lychee, i-aphrichi elivuthiwe; njengoba liqhubeka, kuvela amanothi e-chestnut eyosiwe, uqweqwe lwesinkwa, ne-cocoa encane. “Ukuqhakaza kwezithelo” (花果香) okuyisici — umaka oyinhloko wemvelaphi yangempela yase-Dòngtíng.
Ukunambitheka: Kuqinile, kuyindilinga, kunobumnandi obugqamile bemvelo (回甘, huígān) kanye nokubaba okuthambile, okungashubile. Umzimba we-infusion — “obushelelezi”, nobuningi obufudumele obuhle. Ukunambitheka okusemva — okuhlala isikhathi eside, okumnandi, okunamanothi ezithelo.
Umbala we-infusion: Obomvu-amberi, osobala futhi okhanyayo, “nendandatho yegolide” (金圈, jīnquān) ekhanyayo emaphethelweni enkomishi — uphawu lokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-theaflavins.
Isizinda setiye (iqabunga eliphekiwe): Amaqabunga avuleka ngokunwebeka nangokulinganayo; imibala kusuka kobomvu wethusi kuya ku-chestnut; kumaqoqo amahle iqabunga liphelele, linemithambo ebonakalayo, ngaphandle kwemikhondo yokusha.

7. Isakhiwo Samakhemikhali:

Ama-polyphenol: Ngesikhathi se-oxidation ephelele, ingxenye enkulu yama-catechin (EGCG, EGC, ECG) iguqulwa ibe yi-theaflavins (TF, ~0,5–1,5% yesisindo esomile) kanye ne-thearubigins (TR, ~6–12%). Ama-theaflavin abangela “indandatho yegolide” nokukhanya kwe-infusion, kuthi ama-thearubigin abangele ukuminyana “nomzimba” wokunambitheka. Isamba sama-polyphenol — cishe u-10–15% wesisindo esomile (okungaphansi kune-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza, lapho ama-polyphenol efinyelela ku-20–30%).
Ama-amino acid: I-L-theanine — i-amino acid eyinhloko, ehlinzeka ukuthamba, ubumnandi, nomphumela wokuphumula. Ngenxa yohlobo lwamaqabunga amancane kanye nesimo sezulu esinenkungu sase-Tàihú, ukuqukethwe kwama-amino acid ezintweni zase-Dòngtíng kuphakeme.
Ama-alkaloid: I-caffeine (~2,5–4,0% yesisindo esomile), i-theobromine, ne-theophylline. Ukuhlangana kwe-caffeine ne-L-theanine kunikeza amandla athambile, agxilile ngaphandle “kokugxuma” nokuwa okulandelayo.
Amavithamini: Imikhondo yamavithamini eqembu B (B₁, B₂, B₆), uvithamini E; uvithamini C ngesikhathi se-oxidation ulahlekelwa kancane (ngokungafani netiye eliluhlaza, lapho ukugcinwa kwawo kuphezulu kakhulu).
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-magnesium, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-fluorine, i-phosphorus — okubangelwa ingcebo yenhlabathi yase-Dòngtíng.
Izinto ezinamakha eziguquguqukayo: I-Linalool, i-geraniol, i-cis-jasmone, i-β-ionone, i-phenylacetaldehyde, kanye nemikhiqizo yokusabela kwe-Maillard, yakha amanothi e-caramel nobusi ngesikhathi sokomiswa kokugcina. Isici sezinto zase-Dòngtíng — ukuba khona okuphezulu kwama-terpenoid anephrofayili yezithelo (kusuka emakheni “amunzelwe” e-loquat nama-citrus).

8. Izinzuzo Zezempilo:

Ukuvuselela okuthambile: Inhlanganisela ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inikeza amandla aqhubekayo kanye nokugxila okuthuthukisiwe ngaphandle “kweziqongo” ezinqala, okuphawu lwekhofi.
Ukuvikelwa kwe-antioxidant: I-Theaflavins ne-thearubigins — ama-antioxidant anamandla, asiza ekunciphiseni ama-radical mahhala; ngokolunye ucwaningo, umsebenzi we-antioxidant wamatiye abomvu ungaqhathaniswa nowamatiye aluhlaza.
Ukusekela ukugaya: Itiye elibomvu ngokwesiko lithathwa “njengelifudumele” (ngokwemigomo yemithi yesiShayina) futhi lithambe esiswini; lifanele ukuphuzwa ngemuva kokudla, kusiza ukugayeka okunethezekile.
Isistimu yenhliziyo nemithambo: Ukusetshenziswa okulingene kwetiye elibomvu kuhlotshaniswa nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo kanye nokwehlisa izinga le-“cholesterol embi” (LDL).
Umphumela wokufudumeza: Ngenkathi ebandayo, i-Bìluó Hóngchá — isiphuzo esifanele sokufudumeza, esinciphisa umuzwa wokudinwa.
Ukusekela amasosha omzimba: Ama-polyphenol anezinto zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antiviral; ukuphuza itiye njalo kuqinisa ukumelana komzimba jikelele.
Ukuhlanzeka komlomo: Ama-fluoride nama-polyphenol asiza ekuvikeleni ukubola kwamazinyo nasekwehliseni inani lamagciwane abangela izifo emlonyeni.

9. Ukupheka Itiye:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 90–95°C. Amanzi abilayo (100°C) angakhuphula ukubaba; kumaqoqo e-tip kungcono ukusebenzisa 88–90°C.
Inani letiye: 4–5 g nge-100–120 ml (indlela ye-gōngfū); 3–4 g nge-200 ml (ukupheka enkomishini / endishini).
Imikhumbi: I-gàiwǎn (盖碗, gàiwǎn) ye-porcelain — ukukhetha okuyinto yonke; i-teapot ye-porcelain; i-teapot yase-Yīxīng (宜兴紫砂壶) — uma ukhetha iphrofayili eyisiyingi, “e-velvet”.
Inqubo:
1. Fudumeza umkhumbi ngamanzi ashisayo, uwakhiphe.
2. Thela itiye; hoglela iphunga leqabunga elomile “elivusiwe”.
3. Ukugeza: ukuphonsa ngokushesha imizuzwana eyi-1–2 (akudingekile kumaqoqo asanda kwenziwa, kepha kuyamukeleka lapho umsongela uminyene).
4. Ukuphonsa kokuqala: imizuzwana engu-8–10.
5. Ukuphonsa kwesi-2 kuya kwesi-4: imizuzwana engu-10–15.
6. Emva kwalokho khulisa isikhathi ngemizuzwana engu-5–10 ekuphonsweni ngakunye.
7. I-Bìluó Hóngchá yekhwalithi efanele imelana nokuphonswa okuyi-6–8, ivuleka ngezigaba: kusukela kumanothi akhanyayo ezithelo nobusi kuya kwajulile, we-caramel nesinkwa.

10. Ukugcinwa:

Isitsha esivalekayo nesingabonisi ukukhanya (ikani likathayela, isikhwama esine-foil ene-valve). Ukuvikela amaphunga angaphandle, ukukhanya okuqondile, umswakama, nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Izimo ezifanele: 15–25°C, umswakama ≤ 60%, indawo emnyama eyomile. Isiqandisi asidingeki (ngokungafani ne-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza).
Isikhathi esinconyiwe sokusetshenziswa: izinyanga ezi-6–18 ukuze kuvezwe iphunga eliphelele; amaqoqo ekhwalithi anomsongela oqinile angase “azungeze” iminyaka engu-2–3 ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umlingiswa.

11. Intengo Nokukhohlisa:

Isigaba sentengo: Ngokwemininingwane ka-2025, ububanzi bentengo ye-Bìluó Hóngchá evela ezintweni zangempela zase-Dòngtíng:
- Ibanga elikhethekile (特一级, tè yī jí): ≈ 1 500 yuan/jīn (500 g);
- Ibanga eliphakeme (特二级): ≈ 1 200 yuan/jīn;
- Ibanga lokuqala (一级): ≈ 750 yuan/jīn;
- Ibanga lesibili (二级): ≈ 550 yuan/jīn;
- Ibanga lesithathu (三级): ≈ 350 yuan/jīn;
- Itiye elibomvu elijwayelekile: kusukela cishe ku-250 yuan/jīn. Ukuqhathanisa: I-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza ebangeni eliphezulu ifinyelela ku-8 000–56 000 yuan/kg, ngakho-ke okubomvu kufinyeleleka kakhulu.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukukhohlisa:
1. Thenga ngokulandelela okucacile: Bheka ukumakwa “Dòngtíngshān” (洞庭山) kanye nenkomba yendawo (地理标志) yesifunda sase-Wuzhong; cela ulwazi ngepulazi elithile.
2. Hlola iqabunga: I-Bìluó Hóngchá yangempela igcina umsongela oyisiwombe wezinto ezinamaqabunga amancane — omncane futhi oqinile; izithombo ezinkulu eziqinile zikhomba imvelaphi engeyona yendawo.
3. Hlola iphunga: Umaka oyinhloko — inothi lezithelo nezimbali (花果香), elizuzwa njengefa kusistimu yetiye nezithelo; emakopishini avela e-Zhejiang noma e-Yunnan lo mlingiswa awukho.
4. Bheka i-infusion: I-infusion kufanele icace, ibe bomvu-amber, ingabi ludaka; “indandatho yegolide” odongeni lwenkomishi — uphawu oluhle.
5. Ungalokothi ukholwe ngentengo ephansi: Uma itiye elibomvu “lase-Dòngtíng” linikezwa ngentengo engaphansi kuka-200 yuan/jīn, kungenzeka ukuthi izinto zivela kwezinye izifundazwe noma amaqabunga asekwindla adluliswa njengawasentwasahlobo.

12. Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo:

Uhlelo lwase-Dòngtíng lokutshala ngokuhlanganyela itiye nezihlahla zezithelo (茶果复合系统) ngo-2020 lwangena kurejista “yeGugu Elibalulekile Lezolimo LaseShayina” (中国重要农业文化遗产), kwathi ngo-2022 ubucwepheshe bokwenza i-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza baba yingxenye yento efakwe ohlwini lwamaGugu Angaphatheki Esintu e-UNESCO.
Ukukhiqiza amagremu angama-500 e-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza okusezingeni eliphakeme kudinga amahlumela angama-60 000–80 000. Itiye elibomvu, elivumela iqabunga elivuthiwe kakhudlwana, “likongisisa” kakhulu ekusebenziseni izinto, okwenza umkhiqizo onobulungiswa bemvelo — akukho lutho olusaphazelayo.
Indida yegama: “碧” (bì) — “okuluhlaza okotshani”, kanti itiye libomvu. Lokhu kukhomba ngamabomu ku-Bìluóchūn yasekuqaleni eluhlaza nasendaweni yonke, hhayi kumbala womkhiqizo oqediwe.
I-Bìluó Hóngchá ingelinye lamatiye abomvu ambalwa eShayina, akhiqizwa ngezinto ezivela ezihlahleni ezinamaqabunga amancane (小叶种), kuyilapho amahóngchá amaningi adumile (u-Diānhóng, u-Yīnghóng) enziwa ngezinhlobo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu (大叶种). Ubuncane bamaqabunga bunikeza umlingiswa ocashile, “osilika” we-infusion.
Ekunambitheni okungabonakali, abanolwazi baphawula ukuthi ukuphonswa okubili kokuqala kwe-Bìluó Hóngchá ngobukhulu bephunga kungaqhudelana namatiye abomvu ase-Wǔyíshān (正山小种, 金骏眉), nakuba itiye lase-Dòngtíng lingaqinile kangako ekuphonsweni okuphindaphindiwe.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa Namanye Amatiye Abomvu:

Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng (正山小种, Zhèngshān Xiǎozhǒng): Itiye elibomvu lase-Wǔyíshān elivela e-Fujian. Lihluke ngephunga lomsi wepayini (emahlotsheni endabuko) kanye nephrofayili “emnyama”, enamaminerali. I-Bìluó Hóngchá, ngokuphambene, ibonisa ukuqhakaza okukhanyayo kwezithelo nokuthamba, okuzuzwe njengefa endaweni yase-Dòngtíng.
Qímén Hóngchá / Keemun (祁门红茶, Qímén Hóngchá): Itiye elibomvu elidumile le-gōngfū elivela e-Anhui elinephunga eliyisici “le-orchid” (祁门香). I-Qímén yomile futhi “inewayini” ngokunambitheka; i-Bìluó Hóngchá — “inobusi” kakhudlwana futhi iyindilinga, inothi lezithelo eligqamile.
Diānhóng (滇红, Diānhóng): Itiye elibomvu lase-Yunnan elivela kuhlobo lwe-Assam olunamaqabunga amakhulu; linamandla, limnandi okusanhlamvu, linamathiphu amakhulu asagolide. I-Bìluó Hóngchá — icashile futhi imincane, inokuthungwa “okosilika” kwezinto ezinamaqabunga amancane.
Jiǔqū Hóngméi (九曲红梅, Jiǔqū Hóngméi): Itiye elibomvu elivela e-Hangzhou (Zhejiang), “umakhelwane” oseduze ngesitayela: okufanayo izinto ezinamaqabunga amancane, umsongela omnene, iphrofayili ecashile. Umehluko omkhulu — ukungabikho “kokuqhakaza kwezithelo” okuse-Dòngtíng ku-Hóngméi, okubangelwa wuhlelo lwetiye nezithelo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Bìluó Hóngchá yisona, mhlawumbe, isipho esingalindelekile kakhulu, indawo edumile yase-Dòngtíng eyaletha emhlabeni wetiye ngekhulu lama-21. Lapho okwase kukhona igunya elingathandeki le-Bìluóchūn eluhlaza amakhulu eminyaka, kwavela itiye elibomvu elingalingisi, kodwa elihumusha kabusha ifa. Lidlulisela i-aura edumile yezithelo nezimbali yamasimu etiye e-Dōngshān nase-Xīshān — izihlahla ze-mandarin, umthunzi we-loquat nezithelo — endaweni ehluke ngokuphelele yokunambitheka: efudumele, enobusi, eshisa. Itiye elifanele ukuphuzwa kwasekwindla noma ebusika okungaphuthumi, kulabo abazisa ukuthamba, ubumnandi obumsulwa, nomuzwa wendawo enkombeni ngayinye.