I-Báishā lǜ chá · new.thetea.app

I-Báishā lǜ chá yitiya eliluhlaza eliyingqayizivele elivela esiqhingini sase-Hainan, elikhula endaweni eyingqayizivele kakhulu emhlabeni — emgodini wemeteorite yasendulo. Leli tiya lingumkhiqizo kazwelonke oqokwe ngokwezindawo (中国国家地理标志产品) futhi liwuphawu lwamasiko etiye esifundazweni esiseningizimu impela yeChina.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa Nemvelaphi:

Uhlobo: Itiya eliluhlaza (绿茶, lǜ chá), elingabilisiwe (0% i-oxidation). Ngokuyinhloko likhiqizwa ngendlela ye-hōng qīng (烘青, hōng qīng) — ukomiswa ngomoya oshisayo, okunamasu okugazinga emigubhini.
Isigaba: Itiya eliluhlaza lesifunda eliqokwe ngokwezindawo. Lingenye lamatiya ama-Hainan aziwa kakhulu futhi lingenye yamatiya amahlanu adumile aseNingizimu neChina (华南五大名茶). Linikezwe isimo somkhiqizo onegama lendawo elivikelwe (原产地域产品保护) kusukela ngomhla ka-29 Okthoba 2004.
Imvelaphi: I-China, isifundazwe sase-Hainan (海南省, Hǎinán Shěng), isifunda esizimele sase-Baisha sabantu bakwa-Li (白沙黎族自治县, Báishā Lízú Zìzhìxiàn), indawo yebhizinisi lezolimo likahulumeni lase-Baisha (国营白沙农场). Amasimu etiye atholakala ngaphakathi naseduze komgodi wemeteorite wase-Baisha (白沙陨石坑, Báishā Yǔnshí Kēng) nasemithambekeni yezintaba zase-Wuzhishan (五指山, Wǔzhǐ Shān).
Izixhumanisi Zendawo: Izixhumanisi ezilinganiselwe zenkaba yomgodi wemeteorite — 19°13′ N, 109°31′ E; izixhumanisi zentaba yase-Wuzhishan — 18°53′ N, 109°41′ E. Ukuphakama kwamasimu — ukusuka kumamitha angu-300 kuya kwangu-800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.

2. Umlando Nokubaluleka Kwamasiko:

Umlando: Amasiko etiye ase-Hainan anezimpande ezineminyaka eminingi. Ukubhalwa kokuqala kwetiye lase-Hainan kutholakala ku-«Qióngtái zhì» (琼台志, Qióngtái Zhì) — umlando wesiqhingi owabhalwa ngonyaka wesithupha wokubusa kuka-Zheng De wembuso wakwa-Ming (明正德六年, 1511). Abantu bomdabu base-Hainan — abakwa-Li (黎族) nabakwa-Miao (苗族) — kusukela kudala babebuthela itiya lasendle elinamacembe amakhulu e-Wuzhishan ukuze belaphe futhi balisebenzise nsuku zonke. Ngokwezilinganiso ezikhona, umlando wokusetshenziswa kwetiye esiqhingini uneminyaka ecishe ibe yinkulungwane. Ngo-1882, isazi sezitshalo saseMelika nesithunywa sevangeli u-Henry Francis Hance / B.C. Henry wathola futhi wabhala ngezihlahla zetiye zasendle endaweni yase-Baisha, okwathi kamuva kwaba ngobunye bezimpikiswano engxoxweni yamazwe omhlaba mayelana nokwamukelwa kwe-China njengezwe lokuzalwa kwesihlahla setiye. Umlando wanamuhla we-Báishā lǜ chá uqala ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yowe-1950s, ngesikhathi kuvela izindawo zokuqala ezihlelekile zetiye e-Hainan. Ngo-1987, i-Bhizinisi Lezolimo Likahulumeni lase-Baisha labhalisa uphawu lwentengiso «白沙牌» futhi laqala ukukhiqiza itiya eliluhlaza ngezinga lezimboni. Ngo-1990, i-Báishā lǜ chá yakhethwa njengesiphuzo esisemthethweni «esiluhlaza» se-XI Asian Games e-Beijing. Kusukela ngo-1991 kuya ku-2008, itiya laqinisekisa ngokuqhubekayo isimo «sokudla okuluhlaza» se-China Green Food Development Center (中国绿色食品发展中心). Ngo-1998, lathola indondo yegolide embukisweni wezokudla we-V wama-China wonke.
Igama: «I-Báishā lǜ chá» (白沙绿茶) lihunyushwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi «Itiya Eliluhlaza [lasesifundeni] leSandla Esimhlophe». Igama lendawo «Báishā» (白沙, «isandla esimhlophe») likhombisa izici zendawo yakhona — inhlabathi ekhanyayo eyakhiwe ngenxa yokuwa kwemeteorite. Uhlamvu olungu-«lǜ» (绿) lukhombisa uhlobo lwetiye — eliluhlaza, kanti u-«chá» (茶) — itiya uqobo.
Ukubaluleka kwamasiko: Kubantu bakwa-Li (黎族) nabakwa-Miao (苗族) — izakhamuzi zomdabu zasenkabeni ye-Hainan — itiya eliluhlaza ngokomlando lalidlala indima ebalulekile ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke, ekwelapheni kwendabuko nasemicimbini yokwamukela izihambeli. Ukunikeza isivakashi isiphuzo esibandayo setiye eliluhlaza ngesikhathi sehlobo kuwuphawu lwendabuko lwenhlonipho. I-Báishā lǜ chá ithathwa njengophawu lwase-Hainan kanye nokhokhonathi, ifanekisela ubumsulwa bemvelo kanye nokuhluka kwesiqhingi. Ubhizinisi lwanamuhla lwe-«Báishā lǜ chá» selungomunye wezinto ezimqoka zomqondo «wokuthuthuka okuluhlaza» wesifunda sase-Baisha, okwathi ngo-2021 sangena phakathi kwezisekelo zaseChina zokuzijayeza ngomqondo othi «Izintaba Eziluhlaza Namanzi Ahlanzekile Yigolide Nesiliva» (绿水青山就是金山银山).

3. Incazelo Yesayensi Yesitshalo Nezinto Ezingavuthiwe:

Uhlobo / I-cultivar: Ekukhiqizeni i-Báishā lǜ chá kusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezimbalwa zezihlahla zetiye. Isisekelo sihlanganisa uhlobo lwase-Hainan olunamacembe amakhulu (海南大叶种, Hǎinán Dàyè Zhǒng), olwamukelwe njengohlobo lukahulumeni futhi lwabhaliswa njenge-«华茶16号» (GSCT16) engqungqutheleni yesibili yawo wonke ama-China yokuhlolwa kwezinhlobo zokwamukelwa kwetiye ngo-1984. Lolu wuhlobo lwe-Camellia sinensis var. assamica, olwajwayeliswa isimo sezulu esishisayo sesiqhingi. Ngokwengeziwe kusetshenziswa: uhlobo lwase-Yunnan olunamacembe amakhulu (云南大叶种, Camellia sinensis var. assamica), kanye nama-cultivars afakwa avela esifundazweni sase-Fujian — i-Qílán (奇兰, Qílán), i-Fúdǐng Dàbái (福鼎大白, Fúdǐng Dàbái), i-Shuǐxiān (水仙, Shuǐxiān), i-Fúyún No. 6 (福云6号, Fúyún Liùhào) ne-Jīnxuān (金萱, Jīnxuān).
Ukuvuna: Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan, inkathi yokukhula kwezihlahla zetiye inde kakhulu kunasezwekazini laseChina. Ukuvuna kwangaphambili kwasentwasahlobo kungaqala ngoDisemba, okuyikho okwenza i-Báishā lǜ chá ithole isicoco esingekho emthethweni esithi «Itiya Lokuqala Lamakha Angaphambili Entwasahlobo E-China» (华夏第一早春香茗). Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuvuna kwangaphambili kwasentwasahlobo i-Míng Qián (明前, Míng Qián) — ngaphambi kokuqala kwesizini ye-Qīngmíng (cishe kuze kube ngumhla ka-5 Ephreli).
Izinga lezinto ezingavuthiwe: Kumabanga aphezulu kusetshenziswa izinto ezingavuthiwe ezithambile: ama-flush ahlanganisa ihlumela elilodwa namacembe amabili amancane angaphezulu (一芽二叶, yī yá èr yè). Izimfuneko zezinto ezingavuthiwe ziqinile: amahlamvu kufanele abe manzi, athambile, afanayo futhi ahlanzekile (嫩、鲜、匀、净). Ubude be-flush ngokuvamile abudluli ku-3–4 cm. Amahlamvu ahlukaniswa ngesandla noma ngomshini ukuze kususwe amasampuli alimele.

4. I-Terroir Nezici Zokutshala:

Isifunda: Isici esisemqoka se-terroir ye-Báishā lǜ chá wumgodi wemeteorite wase-Baisha (白沙陨石坑) — omunye wemigodi embalwa eqinisekisiwe yemeteorite e-China. Umgodi utholakala kumakhilomitha ayi-9 eningizimu-mpumalanga yedolobhana lase-Yáchāzhèn (牙叉镇), unendawo enobubanzi obungu-3.5 km futhi wakhiwa cishe eminyakeni engu-700,000 edlule ngenxa yokuwa kwe-asteroid. Lona ngomunye wemigodi embalwa emhlabeni lapho kwatholakala khona izingcezu zemeteorite uqobo.
Ukuphakama kokukhula: 300–800 amamitha ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Amasimu amakhulu atholakala emithambekeni enamagquma ngaphakathi naseduze komgodi wemeteorite.
Inhlabathi: Inhlabathi endaweni yomgodi iyingqayizivele: iqukethe kokubili izinto ezingaphezulu komhlaba nezijulile zogu kanye namaminerali avela emkhathini, alethwa yimeteorite. Ucwaningo lwesayensi luthole ukuthi inhlabathi yomgodi inezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-50 zamaminerali, okwenza ukwakheka kwamaminerali e-Báishā lǜ chá kungenzeki ukukwenza kwenye indawo. Inhlabathi ine-asidi (pH cishe 5.0–5.5), inothe nge-ayoni, i-manganese namunye amaminerali amancane, okusiza ekunqwabelaneni kwama-polyphenol nokwakheka kwephrofayili yamaminerali yetiye.
Isimo sezulu: Isimo sezulu esishisayo samazoni esishisayo esinezici zendawo eshisayo. Izinga lokushisa lonyaka elijwayelekile +22…+26 °C. Inani lemvula yonyaka — cishe 1800–2000 mm. Kuvame ukuba nenkungu kanye namazolo asekuseni, okwakha umthunzi wemvelo (okufana namatiya asezintabeni ezibandayo). Inani lezinsuku ezinelanga — ngaphezu kwezingu-260 ngonyaka. Ukwehluka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa phakathi nosuku endaweni enezintaba kusiza ekunqwabelaneni kwezinto ezinamakha emahlamvu.
Izici: Izihlahla zetiye eziningi zikhula ezimweni eziseduze nezemvelo, zizungezwe uhlaza olucebile lwendawo eshisayo. Eduze kwamasimu akukho imboni enzima, okwenza ukuthi izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe msulwa emvelweni. Amasimu amaningi atshalwa ngokwamazinga emvelo angasasetshenziswa amakhemikhali.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza:

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-Báishā lǜ chá ngokuyinhloko bungobesimo se-hōng qīng lǜ chá (烘青绿茶, hōng qīng lǜ chá) — itiya eliluhlaza elomiswa ngomoya oshisayo, kusetshenziswa isinyathelo esijulile «sokuqedela okubandayo» esigabeni sokuqeda. Yonke inqubo ihlose ukugcina ubusha, umbala kanye nezinto eziwusizo zezinto ezingavuthiwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kunomthetho osebenzayo: ukuvuna kosuku kufanele kuqedwe ngokuphelele ngalo lolo suku.

Ukuvuna (采摘, cǎi zhāi): Ukuvuna ngesandla noma ngomshini kwama-flush athambile ahambisana nezinga lekhwalithi.
Ukuphehlwa (摊晾, tān liáng): Amahlamvu avuniwe ahlakazwa ngesendlalelo esincanyana ezisekelweni ze-bamboo ukuze aphehlwe kafushane futhi kususwe umswakama ongaphezulu. Amahlamvu ahlukaniswa ngokwamabanga.
Ukulungiswa kohlaza — «ukubulawa kohlaza» (杀青, shā qīng): Isinyathelo esibalulekile esiletha ukungasebenzi kwama-enzyme futhi sinqamule i-oxidation. Ngokomlando, kwakusetshenziswa indlela yokugazinga emigubhini ejikelezayo (滚筒炒杀青) ezingeni lokushisa lika +180…+220 °C. Embonini yanamuhla, kwenziwe isimanjemanje: ukugazinga kuthathwe indawo ngokushiswa kwesitimu (蒸汽杀青, zhēngqì shā qīng), okususa ukuthintana kwekhasi nomlilo ovulekile futhi kususe ukunambitheka kwentuthu, kugcine umbala ogqamile oluhlaza nokuhlanzeka kwephunga.
Ukusongwa (揉捻, róuniǎn): Amahlamvu asongwa ngomshini, okuphihliza ingxenye yezindonga zamaseli, kukhiphe amajusi amangqamuzana phezulu futhi kunike amahlamvu isimo semishwe esongwa ngokuqinile (条索, tiáosuǒ). Ukusongwa kwandisa amandla okukhipha ukunambitheka kwetiye lapho liyobukiswa.
Ukomiswa (烘干, hōng gān): Kwenziwa ngokugeleza komoya oshisayo ngokwezigaba ezimbalwa ezingeni lokushisa lika +70…+90 °C kuze kube ukusala komswakama ekhasini ≤5%. Lesi sigaba sinika isikhathi eside sokulondolozwa kanye nokuzinza kwephunga.
Ukuqeda okubandayo (冷车色, lěng chē sè): Isinyathelo sokugcina sokuqeda, esiyisici sokuqala se-Báishā lǜ chá. Itiya lihlanganiswa emigubhini ekhethekile enamakhona ayisishiyagalombili (八角筒) isikhathi esingamahora angu-1–2 ezinhlobonhlobo zokushisa kwegumbi (ngaphandle kokushisa). Lokhu kuhlanganisa imishwe yetiye, kunikeze ukucwazimula okuluhlaza okumpunga okuyisici sayo futhi kuphinde kulinganise umswakama.
Ukuhlunga (分级, fēnjí): Itiya eliqediwe lihlungwa ngokwamabanga: aphezulu (绿芽茶, lǜyá chá — kusuka emahlumeleni ahlanzekile; 毛尖茶, máojiān chá — amahlumela anelebhula elilodwa; 高香茶, gāoxiāng chá — anephunga eliphezulu), aphakathi (绿螺茶, lǜluó chá — asongwe ngokwe-spiral; asebhange nasemabhokisini) kanye nenqwaba (袋装绿茶, dàizhuāng lǜ chá — aphakishwayo).

6. Izici Zesimo Esibonwayo Nesinambuzwayo:

Ukubukeka kwekhasi elomile: Imishwe esongwe ngokuqinile, elinganayo (条索紧结, tiáosuǒ jǐnjié), efanayo, engenaziqu nezingcolile. Umbala — oluhlaza ocwebezele njengamafutha (色泽绿润有光). Amabanga aphezulu ahlanganisa inani elibonakalayo lamahlumela anoboya obusiliva.
Iphunga lekhasi elomile: Eliphakeme, elihlanzekile nelimemeza (香气清高持久), elinezimpawu ezigqamile zembali (i-orchid, i-magnolia), utshani kanye neziphungo ezincane ezingavamile zezithelo zendawo eshisayo.
Iphunga lokobukiswa: Eliqhakazile, elihelezayo, eliqhubeka likhula futhi liqinise izimpawu zekhasi elomile. Kugqama izimpawu zembali notshani obusha nobumnandi obuncane.
Ukunambitheka: Ogcwele, oqinile futhi osha (滋味浓醇鲜爽), onobumnandi obusobala obulandela emuva (饮后回甘留芳). Umzimba unomumo osemaphakathi, ukuthungwa kushelela. Kuphawuleka ukumelana okuphezulu lapho obukwa kaningi: ngokwesichazelo sendabuko, «ukudlulisa kokuqala kuthambile, okwesibili kuyembula, okwesithathu nokwesine — ukunambitheka sekunamandla agcwele, okwesihlanu nokwesithupha — kuyathamba kancane kancane» (一开味淡二开吐，三开四开味正浓，五开六开味渐减). Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu zezinhlobo ezinamacembe amakhulu (ukugcwala, ukuqina) kanye nezamacembe amancane (iphunga elicolekile) kwakha ibhalansi ehlukile.
Umbala wokobukiswa: Obonakalayo, ophuzi-oluhlaza onemibala ecwazimulayo yesigolide (汤色黄绿明亮).
Izansi lekhomishini (ikhasi elobukisiwe): Amahlamvu athambile, anwebekayo, afanayo anombala ogqamile oluhlaza (叶底细嫩匀净), agcina ubuqotho ngendlela enhle ngemva kokobukwa.

7. Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali:

I-Báishā lǜ chá yehluka ngokugcwala kwezinga eliphakeme lezinto ezikhishwayo, okuqinisekiswe ucwaningo lwaselabhorethri. Ngokwemininingwane ye-Food Quality Monitoring Centre ngaphansi kwe-Ministry of Agriculture ye-PRC (2004):

Ukukhishwa kwamanzi: 43.2% (ngenkathi izinga likazwelonke lingu- ≥34%) — lidlula kakhulu isilinganiso, okufakazela ukuceba kwetiye ngezinto ezincibilikayo.
Ukushiswa kwamanzi okuncibilikayo: 71.4% (ngenkathi izinga lingu- ≥45%) — inkomba ekhombisa ukwakheka okunothe kwamaminerali.
Ama-polyphenol: Izinga eliphezulu lama-catechin, ikakhulukazi i-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) — i-antioxidant enamandla. Ukunqwabelana kwama-polyphenol kusizwa inhlabathi eneminerali yomgodi wemeteorite kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo esinokukhanya kwelanga okuningi.
Ama-amino acid: Izinga eliphakeme le-L-theanine, enika ubumnandi obuthambile (umami) kanye nesimo sengqondo esikhululekile kodwa esigxilile. Ngokwemininingwane yase-South China Agricultural University (华南农业大学), itiya liphinde licebe ngamanye ama-amino acid akhululekile kanye nama-enzyme.
Ama-alkaloid: Kuqukethe i-caffeine (inani elilinganiselwe, elijwayelekile kumatiya aluhlaza — cishe 20–30 mg/g yekhasi elomile), kanye ne-theobromine ne-theophylline.
Izinto ezinuka kamnandi eziguqukayo: Inhlanganisela yamafutha abalulekile, kuhlanganise i-linalool (izimpawu zembali), i-β-damascenone (imibala yezinyosi), i-α-terpinene (imibala yesipayisi), eyakha iphunga eliyisici eliyi-floral-tropical.
Amavithamini: Ivithamini C, amavithamini weqembu B.
Amaminerali: I-potassium, i-fluoride, i-manganese, i-ayoni (izinga eliphakeme ngenxa yamaminerali enhlabathini asuka emkhathini), i-zinc, i-selenium.
I-chlorophyll: Izinga eliphakeme linika umbala ogcwele oluhlaza wekhasi nokobukiswa.

8. Izinto Eziwusizo:

Umsebenzi we-antioxidant: Izinga eliphakeme le-EGCG namanye ama-polyphenol linika isivikelo emangqamuzaneni ekulimaleni kwama-free radical futhi kusiza ukunciphisa ijubane lokuguga kwamangqamuzana.
Umthelela othambile wokwenza ukhuthale: Inhlanganisela elinganiselwe ye-caffeine ne-L-theanine inika ukwanda kokusebenza nokugxila kokunaka ngaphandle kokujabulisa ngokweqile kanye «nokwehla kwamandla» okulandelayo.
Ukusekelwa kokugayeka kokudla: Ngokwesiko, kuqondwa ukuthi itiya lisiza ekuhleleni ukugayeka kokudla, ukunciphisa ubunzima ngemva kokudla kanye nokukhipha umchamo (利尿导滞).
Isistimu yemithambo yegazi: Ama-polyphenol etiye eliluhlaza angakwazi ukusiza ukuhlela izinga le-cholesterol nokugcina ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Ukuqinisa amasosha omzimba: Amavithamini C, B kanye nengxube yamaminerali asekela umsebenzi wamasosha omzimba.
Isenzo sokuqeda imfiva nesokuheleza: Ngokwesiko kuthandwa kakhulu e-Hainan njengendlela yokulwa nokushisa (清热降火), iqeda ukoma ngokuphelele.
Ukuqedwa kwezidakamizwa: Ngokwesiko labantu base-Hainan, kusetshenziswa njengendlela yokwenza buthakathaka imiphumela yokusebenzisa ugwayi notshwala (敌烟醒酒).
I-metabolism: Kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo zokushintshana komzimba uma kuphuzwa njalo.

9. Ukobukwa:

Izinga lokushisa lamanzi: 80–85 °C. Ukusebenzisa amanzi abilayo akunconywa nhlobo — amahlamvu athambile «ayasha», futhi ukobukiswa kuthola umunyu.
Inani letiye: 3–5 g ngamanzi angu-150–200 ml (uma kubukwa ngendlela yokudlulisa kuma-gaiwan); 2–3 g ngamamililitha angu-200 (ngendlela yaseYurophu etiyeni).
Ibhekile: Kungcono i-gaiwan (盖碗, gàiwǎn) eyenziwe nge-porcelain noma itiyana lengilazi, elivumela ukulawula isikhathi sokobukwa, ukubuka umbala wokobukiswa nokuvuleka kwamahlamvu. Itiyana le-porcelaine nalo liyilungele.
Inqubo (indlela yokudlulisa, i-gongfu cha):
1. Fundisa i-gaiwan nezinkomishi ngamanzi ashisayo, thembisa amanzi.
2. Thela itiya elomile ku-gaiwan eshisa, vala ngesembozo bese unyakazisa kancane — hemuzele iphunga lekhasi elomile elishisayo.
3. Thela amanzi etiyeni ngezinga lokushisa elifanele bese ukhipha ngokushesha ukobukiswa kokuqala (ukugeza, 洗茶, xǐ chá). Lokhu kususa uthuli futhi «kuvuse» ikhasi.
4. Ukudlulisa kwesibili: thela amanzi bese lobukisa 15–20 imizuzwana. Thela ngokuphelele ukobukiswa ku-chahai (公道杯, gōngdào bēi) noma ngqo ezinkomishini.
5. Ukudlulisa kwesithathu nokulandelayo: andisa isikhathi sokobukwa 5–10 imizuzwana ngokudlulisa ngakunye.
6. I-Báishā lǜ chá enekhwalithi iphezulu imelana nokudlulisa okugcwele okungu-5–7, igcina ukunambitheka nephunga.
Ukobukwa okubandayo (冷泡, lěng pào): Thela 3–5 g wetiye kumamililitha angama-500 amanzi ahlanzekile abandayo bese ulobukisa efrijini amahora angu-4–8. Le ndlela iyindabuko esimeni sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan futhi inika isiphuzo esithambile kakhulu, esimnandi nesihelezayo.

10. Ukulondolozwa:

Njengawo wonke amatiya aluhlaza, i-Báishā lǜ chá iyazwela ezimweni zokulondolozwa futhi idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kugcinwe ubusha bayo.

Izinga lokushisa: Kunconywa ukulondolozwa ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Kukuvunwa okuyigugu kwentwasahlobo, kunconywa ukulondolozwa efrijini ngo-0–5 °C ekulondolozweni okuphelele okungenamoya. Ngaphambi kokuvula ukupakishwa, kufanele kulethwe ezingeni lokushisa kwegumbi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kokuhlanganiswa.
Isitsha: Ukupakishwa okungenamoya, okungafihli ukukhanya — iphakethe elikhonkiswe ngephepha elivikelayo elinokuvala nge-vacuum noma uziphu, ibhokisi lensimbi elinesivalo esiqinile, isitsha sobumba. Amabanga aphezulu aphuma ekupakishweni okungangeni moya komuntu ngamunye.
Izitha zetiye: Ukukhanya, umswakama, umoya-mpilo, ukushisa kanye namaphunga angaphandle. Kufanele lilondolozwe kude nezithako, ikhofi kanye neminye imikhiqizo enephunga elinamandla.
Isikhathi sokulondolozwa: Uma izimo zokulondolozwa zilandelwa — izinyanga eziyi-12–18. Ubusha obuphezulu — ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala ngemva kokukhiqizwa.

11. Intengo Nemikhiqizo Engamanga:

Isigaba senani: I-Báishā lǜ chá ingaphakathi kwesigaba esiphakathi nendawo nesiphakathi nendawo esiphezulu. Intengo incike ebangeni, isikhathi sokuvuna kanye nokuhlinzekelwa. Itiya lenqwaba eliphakishwayo litholakala ngamanani amaphakathi; amabanga aphakathi (绿螺, ibhokisi) abiza kakhulu; amabanga aphezulu (绿芽, 毛尖, 高香) angaphansi kwesigaba semikhiqizo eyigugu. Intengo elinganiselwe yetiye elisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo elinekhwalithi — kusuka ku-100 kuya ku-300 yuan nge-100 g, ukuhlinzekelwa okuphezulu kungafinyelela ku-500+ yuan nge-100 g.
Ungayigwema kanjani imikhiqizo engamanga:
- Thenga kubathengisi abaqinisekisiwe: Thenga itiya ezitolo ezikhethekile zetiye noma ngqo kumkhiqizi — e-Baisha Nóngchǎng. Qaphela itiya elingenakubhalwa komkhiqizi nemvelaphi.
- Hlola umbhalo: I-Báishā lǜ chá yangempela inophawu lokukhomba ngokwendawo (地理标志). Ekupakishweni okukhishwe ngemva komhla ka-1 Juni 2010, ngaphansi kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kumbhalo kufanele kubonakale umbhalo othi «白沙绿茶». Ngaphansi kwesendlalelo esivikelayo kukhona ikhodi yokuqinisekisa enezinhlamvu ezingu-16.
- Hlola ukubukeka: Imishwe kufanele ibe sosinene, ilingane, ingenaziqu, inomumbala ogcwele oluhlaza ocwazimulayo. Ukuba khona kwamahlamvu aphuzi, ansundu noma aphukile kuwuphawu lwekhwalithi ephansi.
- Hlola iphunga: I-Báishā lǜ chá yangempela inephunga elihlanzekile, eliphezulu, eliqinile ngaphandle kwamaphunga angaphandle, ukunambitheka okungalungile noma isidina.
- Intengo ephansi ngokusolisayo: Uma intengo ingaphansi kakhulu kunemakethe yebanga elishiwoyo — kuyisizathu esikhulu sokungabaza.

12. Izinto Ezithakazelisayo:

I-Báishā lǜ chá ingelinye lamatiya ambalwa emhlabeni akhula emgodini wemeteorite. Ukwakheka kwamaminerali okuhlukile kwenhlabathi, okuqukethe izinto ezingaphandle komhlaba, kwenza i-terroir yakhona ibe «engeyona yomhlaba» futhi engenakuphindwa ukukhiqizwa kwenye indawo.
Ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo sase-Hainan, ukuvuna kokuqala kwentwasahlobo kuqala ngoDisemba — izinyanga ezi-3–4 ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunasezifundazweni eziningi zetiye zaseChina. Lokhu kwenza i-Báishā lǜ chá ibe yitiya eliluhlaza «langaphambili» kunawo wonke entwasahlobo ezweni.
Ngo-1985, itiya elibomvu lase-Hainan lathola indondo yegolide embukisweni womhlaba wetiye elibomvu eNgilandi. Kodwa kusukela ngeminyaka yowe-1990s, ngenxa yokuncintisana netiye elibomvu laseNdiya nelaseKenya elishibhile, abakhiqizi base-Hainan bashintshela etiyeni eliluhlaza, futhi yi-Báishā lǜ chá eyaba ngumholi walolu shintsho.
Ngo-2022, i-Báishā lǜ chá yenzelwa ilebula yokuqala ye-«carbon» e-Hainan yetiye (茶叶碳标签) — uphawu lomkhondo wekhabhoni womkhiqizo kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokuphila, okwenza leli tiya libe iphayona lomnotho wekhabhoni embonini yetiye yesifundazwe.
I-Hainan ingesinye sezifunda ezicebe kakhulu e-China ngokugcinwa kwezihlahla zetiye zasendle: zitholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-200 kuya ku-1400 m ezintabeni zase-Wuzhishan, Limushan nase-Yajiadaling, kanti isifunda sase-Baisha singelinye lezindawo ezimqoka ezihlala kuzo.

13. Ukuqhathaniswa namanye amatiya aluhlaza:

I-Báishā lǜ chá uma iqhathaniswa ne-Lóng Jǐng (龙井, Lóng Jǐng): I-Lóng Jǐng — itiya lakwa-Zhejiang eliyisici elisongwa ngokuphukile (扁炒青), elinamakha esifuba, anamafutha okugazinga. I-Báishā lǜ chá — itiya elisongwa ngemishwe (条索), elinamakha ezimbali zendawo eshisayo. I-Lóng Jǐng yomile futhi inokunambitheka kwe-nut; i-Báishā iqinile, imanzi futhi inamaminerali, inobumnandi obusobala obulandela emuva.
I-Báishā lǜ chá uma iqhathaniswa ne-Shuǐmǎn Lǜ Chá (水满绿茶, Shuǐmǎn Lǜ Chá): Enye itiya eliluhlaza lase-Hainan, elivela emzaneni wase-Shuiman esifundeni sase-Wuzhishan. Likhiqizwa kuphela ngezinto zasendle zase-Hainan ezinamacembe amakhulu, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezifakiwe. Linomunyu ogqamile kanye nokunambitheka okulandelayo okunamandla (回甘力强), limelana kakhulu ngokwengeziwe ekobukweni okuphindaphindiwe, kodwa linamakha amancane amahle.
I-Báishā lǜ chá uma iqhathaniswa ne-Yúnnán Lǜ Chá (云南绿茶): Amatiya aluhlaza ase-Yunnan avela ezintweni ezingavuthiwe ezinamacembe amakhulu (滇绿, Diān lǜ) anomumzimba onamandla, oqinile kanye nomunyu ogqamile. I-Báishā lǜ chá ithambile, i-elegant futhi inezimbali kakhudlwana, nakuba ikhiqizwa ngokwengxenye ngezinhlobo ezinamacembe amakhulu.
I-Báishā lǜ chá uma iqhathaniswa ne-Bì Luó Chūn (碧螺春, Bì Luó Chūn): I-Bì Luó Chūn — itiya lase-Jiangsu elisongwe ngokwe-spiral encane, elineziphungo zezithelo ngenxa yokuhlala eduze kwezihlahla zezithelo. I-Báishā lǜ chá inkulu, igcwele futhi iqinile, inesisekelo samaminerali namakha endawo eshisayo.

Ekuphetheni:

I-Báishā lǜ chá yitiya elinendaba ehlukile: elizalwa emgodini wemeteorite yasendulo, likhuliswa ilanga lendawo eshisayo kanye nenkungu yase-Hainan, lizuze amaminerali «esivakashi sasezulwini» namasiko abantu bakwa-Li. Ukunambitheka kwalo okugcwele kodwa okuthambile okunobumnandi obude obulandela emuva, iphunga elimibalabala lezimbali nendawo eshisayo kanye nokuqina okukhethekile lapho lobukwa kuyenza ibe ngenye yamatiya aluhlaza ahluke kakhulu e-China. Kothanda ukunambitha izinto ezintsha, ofuna okuthile okungaphandle kwamatiya aluhlaza akwa-Jiangsu nase-Zhejiang, i-Báishā lǜ chá iyinto etholakale emhlabeni ohluke ngokuphelele, lapho itiya linamakha e-orchids nomoya wasolwandle, kanti enkomishini ngayinye kuncibilikiswe amaminerali aneminyaka engu-700,000.